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T Ei4* fit k*Bimmid Wh i?**• l-'inin the T,ynchhnr% Virginian. LYNCHBURG ANI> NB\V RIVER RAIL rctai>. By an advertisement in this ninriiiiij;'!) paper, i'. will l>e seen that books are to be opened in this place nn the 1 <t of Novoiulier next, for the pur pose of receiving subscription* to stock of the Lynchburg unt! New River Rail Road. We are highly gratified that we are enabled to present to our readers, at tho same moment, the subjoined lucid and stisfactory Letter of Mr. Crozet, the Stale Engineer, on tho subject, which fully demon- | str itos the feasibility of the scheme, and tho cer tainty that in vestments in it must result profitably to capitalists. Lvsciiocro, Sept. 21th, 1831. To Jlr.xav Dirts, Esq. ('hcrinan of (hr limn il of ('nm-ni.r*ionrr* of I.yneh burg and Xrw Hirer Hail H-'tuL IV.ar t>m;—Before leaving this section of the State, having now completed the exploring opera tions relative to the rail road from this place to New River, tt has occurred to me that the pitrpcs cd end might ho advanced hy my putting the Board of Commissioners as early ns practicable in posses sion of tho most essential and decisive facts elici ted hy the survey. Four routes have been mentioned: The first, passes along James river, up to I’at tonsburg, and thence across the country, to Salem. The 2d takes its direction through Buford’s gap, also towards Salem. The 3d passes immediately over the ridge be. tween James river ar»d Roanoako, descends along Otter river, ami lkcii«e follows the Roanoke up to Salotn. i ini niiiu’ urvc v 11 * * prer^umjj pur pose passing I»y Salem, but continues farther up the James river; rising along the Valley i>f the Ca. tau’b.i, reaches the head of the North fork of Roan oke, frein which it passeses across tho Allcghanv do.vn to Now River. The operations of this season in addition to those •of preceding years, have been so directed a* to give a sufficient and decisive lest of the relative value of these different routes: The 3d route must overcome the dividing rid<re between James river &. Otter at the same low point, thruogh which the 2d route will pass, and encoun ter its principal difficulties. This, together with its increased distance, determines its reaction. I lie 4th route, besides the same objection cf increased distance, would encounter, at the Alle gany and New river, difficulties that will be notic ed below, in tbo description of one of the routes surveyed from .Salem to New river. These objec tions are not compensated by any particular advan tage. Tho first and second routes arc consequently the only two entitled to a competition in this scheme. After the first survey and examination of the country between Lynchburg and Buford's gap, the broken character of which impressed me strong, ly with the many difficulties in the way of the loca tion and construction of a useful rail road, l should *u>t have hesitated to have given the preference to the route by Pattonshurg, had I considered only the tsrniE of the resolution under which I acted, which diroctcd me “to ascertain the most eligible route for a rail road from Lynchburg to New river.” But, aware that this was not a public undertaking, hut one to be conducted by a private company, for whose benefit the survey was intended, and that this company would probably wish lor an independent route, which, along the James river, they might find some difficulty in effecting, I concluded, that, in accordance with the probable views of tho Com pany, it would he expedient to search through the country between Lynchburg and Buford’s gap. Af ter a most complete examination, I have been suc cessful in tracing out a route, which I deem practi cable, though attended with considerable difficulties, and which for a part of the distanco, will require great skill in the location, and much expense in the’ execution. Still, the route by Pattonshurg deserves, though j somewhat longer, the earnest consideration of the company, whose decision, I sonceive, may be ma terially influcnccc by the system of improvement the State may adopt along the fames river, above Lynchburg. For, if it should be a rail road, it would be incumbent upon the company to deter mine whether to place themselves in competition, or to effect a connexion, with it. A comparative j view of the respective merits of the two routes ap. j pears to me, therefore, an important element of the ! question. * The advantages of the route by Pattonshurg arc: 1st. Its embracing the commerce^ of Rockbridge, Botetourt, and the upper part of James river. 2d. Its crossing only one ridge between Salem ami Lynchburg, and its favouring the heaviest trade by an uninterrupted descent, for upwards of Gfi miles, from tiie top of that ridge to Lynchburg, 46 miles of which aro at an average of very nearly Gi ft. per milo. Whereas, between Lynchburg and Buford's gap, several ascents in opposition to the heaviest traffic must be overcome, which will produce an irregu larity in the application of power, which, unless the road b« graduated at considerable expense, may laisc the cost of transportation higher on this, than on the longer route by Pattonshurg. 3dly. The cost of graduation from the ritlgo, down James river to Lynchburg, would he the same for a ny pt wer that may be chosen, or any amvuut of trade that may pass on it. H11VUJ511 nir uneven country, net wee Lynchburg and Buford’s gap, the character and el ficiency of the power, and consequently the eosl c transportation, will he materially effected by lh graduation, which, itself, must evidently ho rogu lated l>y the amount of traffic on tho road, so the the whole aggregate saved in the transportatio i may he a fair return for the additional eicpendiluri in the graduation. Thus, * legation adapted to tin present trade might not suit its future exigencies No consideration of this kind would embarrass tin locu<ion along James river. Against the route by Psttonsburg may be urged, on i he part of a private company, its being depend' cut upon, and perilap. convicting with, the im provemonl contemplated by the .State, mi the Jaiiiui ri.cr. And also, its being probably 12 miles long cr, although the time ol travelling and cost, ol transportation might even be lessthnn on tl*e sliort route, if graduated upon an economical scale. As regards the obstacle interposed by tho main ridge on each route, by reference to the last report of the Board of Public Works, page 238, you w ill observe that the descent from the ridge to Janice river averages-10 ft. per mile, aud towards Salem 21 ft. But those averages, of course, cannot lie obtain ed at a reasonohle expense, and consequently sleeper planes will be necessary, on each side, near the top of the ridge—as appears from the following comparative view: DESCENT, from the nidge in Iffttc. (our l towards Pattons hurfr. Th'Ticc in twelve miles (to a point 41 feet above James River,) 3G0 " TmrarJ* Sit/em. In 3 miles 211 “ “ 3J " down Tin ker’s creek 91 " Thence undulated 1st mile 9f» ft. €0 •« 40 “ 2d 3d '* r rum Milford's Cop ta. wards Lynchburg: •i miles to the lev el nt Buford's 33G ft. Next 2 miles 46 •* After this broken. '1'award* Salem. In 3 miles 214 •* “ 3J “ above Glade creek 1 10 “ Thence to Salem, undulated. to Salem. So that tho dcscnnt from Buford1* gap, is groat, cr, particularly toward* James river, than from tho ridge between Salem and Pattonehnrg. A* to the distance, i* is proper to remark, that, from a Into examination of the country, and revision of for. mer notes, it appenrs, that 3 miles can be saved between Lynchburg and Pattonsbwg, and 2) (about) from tho ridge to Salem, reducing, there fore, the dts'ancc formerly stated between Lynch burg and Salem by 5.J miles,—that is, to 77). I now proceed to giro yon a more eircurnstan Vol description of the route by Buford s g.ip. From *onv» cvouviNci-ut tnur tta month uf i Black water creek, the rail road must rim alonp its valley, and that t>l Ivy crock, up to a low point of the dividing ridjjc between tlic Infer and Klk crock, 'l'hin lowest point is vitiated between the , fnrm* of Mr. Radford and Sirs. Mosel y. 1 he elevation of this ^e'.nl is 111 I ft. above James River at Kynchburg, which may he reduced to 260 111. by the elevation given at the lov.er end,as well as some cut ting at the top. 'I'lw straight distance to it is II miles, chains. I'lho location will probably make it 101 miles. So that the average fill will ho about ■*;->$ ft. per mile— but tlio valley is far from affording so gradual n descent—the declivity near the top being as much as 1 11) ft. in !2 miles. The descent on the west side, to • bond ■ where Klk crook aimruachcs very near to Otter rirur is 210 ft. Which may Ih* reduced to ldH “ by the cut at top, Already mentioned, *nd assu tiling *i high lord at Elk creek. The straight distance is (> miles 28 cbs. But will probably ho made Gf “ bv the location. Shewing un orurago fall of 19 ft. pur mile on thia side—here also the fall ia rapid near the top, being 110 ft. in the 1 at mile. 1 Itia first section of 17 miles from I.vnchburj to thu above mentioned bend of Elk crei^r, is ve ry broken, particularly on the west side of the ridge; Elk meek winding lxl miles in a straight dis tance of only It is remarkable, however, that its general courso is very direct, bo that it cross*, a great many times the straight line, its bends be ing generally round, narrow, projecting spurs, wish deep indentations. The location among these rid ges will be very laborious and difficult. To what degree the graduation will be lowered, and whether it will bo made uniform or undulating, will depend upon considerations of expediency or economy, which the company alone, after its organization, can determine. »» iiuuii-T i lit-y aaupi mu inoiu iii.rrai scale oi graduation or not. this section will ho tlie most expensive of the line; much embankment, many bridges and culverts, and a great deal of deep cut ting will ho indispensable, and, considering that the ground rests generally noon a foundation of solid granite, it is probable that many short tun nels, under 51) yards in length, will be found ex pedient through several of the intervening spurs, I’he main ridge itself will, very likely, he more ad vantageously passed in this way than by a deep cut. Not only this mar he intrinsically choepcr, but it will also save the necessity of bridging over the wide chasms which deep cuts would otherwise open across the paths of uiatiy roads. h rom the bend of Elk ('reek, above mentioned, to Otter River, the distance is only 270 var.ls, which by sustaining a high level, will be reduced to 150 yards. '1 his distance must either bo cut through — the dec|M’st of tho cut at the culminating point being 57 feet,—or else, if as I suppose, the body of the ridge is solid granite, a deep cut at each end, ami a tunnel 100 yards long will be preferable, there being n road on the top of the ridge. The fiends of K!k anil Otter round tho ridge amount to 3 miles between these two near points. The water in Otter river here, is 119 feet abovo James river at Lynchburg. Thence tho rail road must pursue the north-eastern margin of Dig Otter river, up to the junction of its two forks, a distance of G miles—in which the fall is 59 feet only, the fork being 178 feet above .lames River. Then, having crossed the North fork at a suitable elevation, the improvement will ascend the valley of tho South fork and that of ('amp creek, one of its tributa ries, to a point 198 feet above James river, shewing a fall betw^fcn it and tho fork, of 320 feet in a dis tance of 13} miles,—which makes the average des cent 23} feet per mile. Where the ridge between tho waters of Otter and Goose Creek presents itself, its summit is G70 yards from the last named point of Camp Creek, and its elevation 52 feet above the same—a short cut, mea suring 30 feet ri depth at the most elevated point, and raising the lower end 13 feet above Camp Creek, will reduce the ascent in this cut to the above stan dard of 23} feet per mile. Tho next difficulty encountered is tho bed of Reed’s Creek, -IGO feet above James river, and 90 feet below tlie last ridge, from which it is distant 1 1-5 mile: the cut, 30 feet deep at the ridge, and a short embankment of 35 feet elevation at the deep est point, will reduce the descent to 21 feet per mile. Next, by slight cuts and some embankments, one of which only will measure 30 feet at its highest point, a rise of only 10 feet in 1} mile will be made, reaching to the C.nve branch. Thence to the North fork of Goose Creek, the distance is 1} mile, and fall 110 feet, (Goose Creek being 391 feet above James river at Lynchburg.) This may lie reduced to 50 feet, which is 10 feet per mile, by crossing the ert ck upon a bridge or viaduct GO tcct high, with corresponding embank ments at each ond: this descent will be formed in part by belting the hill, in part by deep cutting. This is the deepest slope against the heaviest trade between Lynchburg and Buford’s gap. From the Goose Creek to Buford’s, the distance is 2$ miles: the riso on the rail road will bo 68 feet in this distance, an additional elevation of 15 feet being given opposite Buford’s. From Buford’s to the top of the gap, the dis tance is very nearly t miles, and the riso 33G feet. This may be reduced to 75 feet per mile, by the elevation given at Buford’s, and a cut at top. A great reduction of the slope could not bo obtained. Fortunately, Ibis is in favor of the heaviest traffic. The location will be confined to tin valley of Goose Creek itself, the fall of which is pretty regu lar, and direction generally straight. Considering that tho returning weight, including wagons, wifi he only utmost one half of the descending trains, the same power will bo more than adequate to bring back up this piano, the wagons it had carried towards Lynchburg with full loads, over the inter- 1 veiling undulations. Buford’s gap, at the road, is 840 feet above James River at Lynchburgh. Tliera is a lower point near this, but not so eligible, on account of ] its less favorable direction. West of the Blue Ridge, tho survey took iufnio liately down Glade Creek. A subsequent exami- ' nation shews that a more favorable graduation can iie had in a trim tary valley of the same, more to 1 the north, nnd which heads directly opposite the 1 present road- ith the help of a deep cut, tho ! dope may bo reduced to 50 feet per mile down to * lie main valley of Glade Crock, which is next to i >o pnrsued down to tho Big Lick Road: the fall i >eing 40 feet per mile for 3} miles. i L ... . .......wni-tv III IIIB , hills, winch confine the Roanoke. It will keep, , mostly, close to the present stage road, as far as , Mason’s crock. Tliis course will save about 4 miles, and several difficulties along *he Roanoke. ’ This distance is undulated, and must bo graduated by successive cuts and embankments. At Masor.’s Creek the bottoms of the Rononkc will he entered and thon pursued to about 5 miles above Salem, where a deep cut and short tunnel are contemplated, to save a considerable bend of the river The route above Salem having been . described in former reports—1829 and 1-;31,_] cannot do h"iter than to refer you to them—In'lhe latter, you will find the following tabular state. From Salem to the ™ forks of Roanoke, Thence to Elliott’s Creek, Thence to the end [ofSummit Level, Summit Level, Thence down Mea dow Creek to A’ew River, Di*t. Hi 11} 13} a ih Kite. 17G 221 r.r.n o FfilL Pr.mile 1 1.93 19.61 51.53 0 309 j 27.4G The last distance may be shortened probably 2 miles, by leaving Little river at a suitable point, and the average descent also reduced by holdaig up this lower end. From the foregoing accounts, you will observe, that no difficulty will be experienced in the appli cation of locomotive power, except close to the two main ridges, the Blue Ridge and the Allegh ny. And it is both a remarkable and fortunate cir cumstance, that, without very extraordinary labor, I he graduation can be brought dawn so low as l i ,a2.l! described above, through so broken a country. That New River must be struck somewhere near t if mouth of Little River results, not only from the fact that i!ip extension of the rail-road to Te ncssoe must pass up the Valley of Reed Creed, or perhaps (. ripple Creek, hut also from the inferiority of the other routes over the Alleghany. A survey was made, up the North Fork of Roa noke, &. down Strottble’s Crock, which shews their valleys to be both crooked and rapid for several mjfoa. '; From the top of Iho Alleghany, towards Koa noake, the fall bore is 23 ) feet in the first mile, l90 'j* t,,p *ccOlid, 130 in the third, and GO in the ] fourth: towards New River it is 8.7 fool in the first ! t e, and M in the recond. 'J'bo remaining fvc I < r o descend at the rate oM6 fait per mile. 1 a Whutva*, >u U»c Uip of tl*3 AUogUany, between 11 llllioltond Meadow (.freoks there is only one rapid | milo on each aide—tho 1st milo on tho oast side | rlcseending H3 feet, cm! the 2d only 40—und on the west side the first filling 85 feet, und the 2d al so 40. In addition to whieh, tho route hy the North fork, after having reached New Hi rer, must still he carried up to the mouth of Little river, along the cliffy and winding shores of New Hirer, with increased difficulties and distance. As reg irds the probable cost or the improvement, through so mountainous a country, among the nu merous intervening obstacles, and eror ground so diversified, the only certain fonudalion for a detail ed estimate is an actual location. Such an opera tion would require too much time oven to bo attemp ted at present. And, besides, it must he recollected that the ex pense of graduation may greatly varr, according to the means, prospects, and views of the compa ny. Where power in to ho obtained by depressing hills mill ra sing valleys, both of which swell rapid ly the accounts for construction, every circum stance of the scheme must be dolilierately consider- • ed. The cost of graduation, and that of tr.mspor- ; tatien proceed inversely of each other, so that the j saving in the one produces a eharge upon the oth er:—the trim adjustment of this point will, of course,he referred to the company, who may choose to increase tho cost, in order to gain in tho pro ceeds, or, on the contrary, prefer an economical graduation, and more expensive transportation. In ordor, however, to demonstrate tho practica bility of the scheme, and fix ideas upon tho subject, I have described above a medium scale ol location, adapted to the agency of locomotive power, w hieh 1 conaidor au indispensable condition. It ia in re gard to this scale that I will now givo you an ap proximate estimate, which will I think, be safe in the aggregate. A great departure from the average grades mentioned, for the sake of economy, might endanger the usefulness of the road. The following estimate supposes,for tho present, only one track to he made, with passing places— except in places where the enlargement of the road hereafter would cause a renewal of the same ex penditure; ns, for example, in case of an embark rnent, held up hy a wall, along a clill', <Sce.; such places should be made of full width now, and may be selected for locating turnouts. 1 here bemoan abundance of fino granite bc tween Lynchburg and Buford’s gup, this section, at least, should be laid on sills of this material, much of which will come out of the cuts required by the graduation. Beyond the Blue-Ridge limestone is almost exclusively met with; there, rails of wood, napped with iron bars, will be found more expedi ent; they should rest cither upon the solid rock, properly trimmed, or upon stone blocks, and where these cannot be obtained, of a suitable size, wooden sills must be resorted to. I should prefer bars 3 inches wide to the usual size of 2 inches. Such a load may cost ns follows: From Lynchburg up Ivy Creek, to the top of the ridge, lQt miles, at Thence to Otter river, fij Thence to Camp Creels, ID j Thence to (loose Creel:, 4 Thence t« Lick road 15 Thence to Salem, 10 Thence to Elliot’s C. 23 Thence to New River, the deep cut being pro bably dispensed with, 22$ $11,000—*112,730 14.000— " 96,250 0,000— 177,730 13.000— 52,000 10.000— 150,000 12.000— 120,000 11,000— 253,000 10,000— 225,000 Total amounts, 111J $1,186,750 In addition to which, admitting a trade of40,000 tons—32,000 one way and 8,000 the other—the company would have to add for wagons, (the transit being made in one day,) $12,000 For Locomotive Engines, 18,000 For Stations, &.c. * 10 000 In al!- $1,226,750 In this supposition of a trade of 40,000 tons, I must not bo understood to imply that this amount would ho requisite to justify the undertaking; much less will suffice. The law allows at tho rate of 8 cn!s per ton per mile for produce &. merchandize, and, at the lowest, $5 for tho whole distance for travellers. Supposing, which is very reasonable, 10 travel lers only per day; that is, five each way, exclusive of the mail, then the returns might bo” For travellers, $18 250 Then 12,000 tons, at $8 DO for tho whole distance, would produce 106,S00 Total amount, $125 050 W litcli is more than 10 per cent, on the invest ment, according to the above estimate. Shewing not only the safety of tho undertaking, but also the great latitude allowable in the cost: for a trade in both directions of only 12,000 tons is more than moderate. I consider, however, the extension of tho rail road to Tennessee a highly desirable component part of this scheme; and it is with real .satisfaction that I am enabled to add tho information, that our late surveys establish tho fact, that the passage from the waters of New River, to those of the IIols ton can be effected with remarkable facility, much indeed, beyond my expectation. Only one ridge, and that very accessible, must be crossed: its fall on the east side is only 95 feet in the first mile and then the descent is 100 feet in G miles On' tho west side, the 1st mile descends 78 feet, tho succeeding ones 30. Thus, you perceive, this ridge may he passed much easier than the precedin'* ones, and it will take hut little labor to adapt its graduation to locomotives. The pass here mentioned, is between the head of Read Creek and the I foist on at Mount Airy._ 1 here aro two other low points south of this;" hut their elevation was not ascertained, it being suffici ent for the present to establish tho feasibility of the scheme. As regards tho returns on this extension, which would ho a section about as long as the preceding, it must ho observed that, if belong, ing to the same company, while it might cost as much as tho first section, only one-half of tho tonnage would justify its undertaking, since this ounage would also produce toll on the omer section.— but much more must he expected: for, what adds most to ;he recommendation of this extension is the fact, not nen :ra!:y known, that it would traverse a most beautiful and grille country. Instead of deriving it* revenue, as Iliad ir,truly supposed,chiefly from tho trade of Tenors re ;|ie mprovement would, in fact, he soppor'ed on in way hither by the viol resources of this remaikahly fine val ey ivh ch occupied by an inriuMrinus no.ni’nrm.i ai.„.,.„i minfra 1 pronuclionj, hrtides its obvious agricultural u ealth. J>he treasures of the earth, now inert in that conntrv, require only the encourage nent of such an im proven-en- to become active; anil n-t only shake oTour dependence upon foreign importation for those article*, hut all to the reports a vnh>ah!e 5o»ircc of revenue. Lime excellent plaisler, roal, salt, iron, lead, hncrstoi.e of sttpe’ nor quality, trt addition to the various and alnmdant nr» nuctions of the soil, invite the improvement, and promise ' a fur return for the enterprise. The trade of Ten,ies«ee rnrlerd, mould he considered a valuable auxiliary but trot las I had before thou2li', an indispensable principle. t lull you have seen rite proceeding* of lire Ahinedon I ( nnvpnnori, wfrch set forth these advantage*, and are. no doubt, very conversant and familiar with aH there things i I remain, very re!*pccifi»IIv, vmir ninsi ohc»i cnt. C, ( ROZK T , I’rivicipitl Engineer. [ hrrrn t'i' Cl\ar\nfr,n Courier. MORE OF MR. M’PUFFIF/8 FACTS. In his Circus speech, Mr. M’Pivnr. attempted to convince his hearers that were the Tariff rc.no ved Cotton would rise; and his arguments were, that if the 40 per cent, duties wore taken otr for eign goods, the planter would say to the importing morthnnt, "1 (hall not allow yon to make this 40 fair cent, additional profit upon your goods—you must give me more for my Cotton, or you wili not gut it." “Ami they shall do this (exclaims Mr. iVt Perms,) or I will engage to form a company of importing and exporting planters, that shall regu. ate this business.” The Nullifiers, as usual, swal lowed this without chewing, and went home tho roughly satisfied that the instant they shall have demolished, the TaritT, Cotton wi 1 rise at least 3 > per cent. n„d even then give A per cent, more pro. m i , ""F’ort«r »Pon hi* goods. That such will he the effect is believed hy many honest people even to this day. We arc now to have an iraof new light— “Anether morn, ftheivon in dnoon.” Rut, gentlemen, why dcreire ourselves? Cui Could any thing raise the price of Cotton from the depth to which it is now sunk, I should rejoice as much as any man; but, I confess, I rpc no prospect of amendment, exeept in scarcity. To suppose that even a total nullification of the Tariff •would ciihnncn lb* price of Cotton, requires a more gross ir. fid nation than even a “natural delusion” woiud justify. I.ct us “reason together,” Gen H here, I a«k, is the price of Colton regulated? No one ever before doubted that it was at I.ivcr pool, the great Cotton mart of the world. There ho!ton collects froiTi every quarter of the Globe, *nd thither the British manufacturer resorts for his rnpply. !f llu.t market in glutted, price* fall— f stock is light, prices rise. Many years ago, when 1 Carolina ami Georgia possessed nearly .1 monopoly d'the production of Cotton, they fixed their own pri ses in a measure; hut now, with four times tho quantity grown in the United States, tho Uraxils, tho East Indies, Egypt, &c. corns in as competitors, i and our cotton must go with their’s u on tho gene ral market of the world to bring what it will; and so long as ths supply is fully equal to tho demand, a* is now ths case, hotter prices need not ho expect od. To deny, then, that Liverpool prices regulate prices here, is to deny common sense and our daily experience. The price here, of course, is the sains as in Liverpool, deducting the expenses of transpor tation and the chance of a small profit. How, then, is the value of Colton in Liverpool to he a (To clod by the abrogation of the Taritll The only supposed case in which the prices can be impro ved in this event, is by an increased consumption of Cotton Manufactures in the United States; for it certainly cannot affect tho consumption in any o ther country. But, are wc not all now clothed, and do we not already supply ourselves with all that we ean wear of every species of cotton fabric?— iteally, I cannot imagine how we are to consume more, unless every soul of us puts on an extra se.it throughout; and 1 doubt, whether even Free Trade patriotism will go to this extent. Some may sup pose that increased import of foroign goods would cause an increased demand for our staple abroad; hot they should recollect that what is gained by foreign manufacturers is lost by our own, and that if foreign goods should drive domestic manufac tures wholly out of the market, it would only he ne cessary tor us to transfer to Liverpool the 300,000 hales now sent to the North. I must confess, theiefore, Gentlemen, that I cannot Hatter myself with any improvement in the price of Cotton from this cattsc. To suppose, then, that cotton will rise in Charles ton, without a corresponding rise in the Liverpool market, upon tho repeal of tho 40 per cent, duty upon foreign goods, is to suppose that, in such an • vent, th« importer is to abandon his present plod ding custom, of endeavoring to get a fair profit up on his goods, and to commence a syidem of hag. glitg and bartering with the planter. let us see tho operation of this system. TIerc is tin; 40 per cent, deduction upon foreign goods, for ths benefit of somebody. „ _.i_.* Shoit Staple, if you will allow me 25 of t his *10 per ‘mt. for my profit, 1 will giro you 15 per cent, mnri than the Liverpool pries current, for your coll»ti, provided you take it all out in my poods; that): fair, I’m sure.” “Not exactly, Mr. Blue Plains,’’ replies the plantor, “for in that case you will 'get 10 percent, more of the 40 per cent, than I; a:ll besides, I must have some cash." “.lh! Mr. Short Staple, if I must pay you cash, I can give you no more than I can get in Liverpool for it eo l cannot allow you that 15 per cent, ad van®. But, as you are an old cu-torner, I will do this—i-if you will allow mo 20 per cent, advance on my ppods, I will give you 20 per cent, advance for yourpotton, provided you take, it all out in poods. Thatis very fair, certainly, Mr. Short Staple.” “Well, that will do rather better, Mr. Blue Pinir»s; I think wo can make a bargain upon that. I’m perfectly satisfied with the price—but can't you let //it hare some, cask’" W lat a ridiculous farce is this! And yet we are to dc|cnd upon such a jockeying system as is here oxhibied, for raising the price of our cotton, as Mr. M’Diveit: lias promised us. Is it not as apparent a« the n»on-day sun, that for every cent in advance of the Liverpool market price we may get for our cot ton, no are to allow the merchant that cent advance upon his goods, above the fair market value, and take, tis goods fur entire pai/f Why rack our in vention to cheat ourselves with such a trashy abor tion ni this? So long as there is the least particle of competition remaining among merchants, let this 40 pef cent, duty he removed from foreign goods, and tip price of such goods falls at once nearly or quite (40 per cent.—no one need doubt that. But the nillifyers, it seems, are not to be satisfied with this. Cotton is to be forced up, to meet this reduc tion half way; ami wo are to be tickled with a rise of 20 per cent, upon our cotton, provided we will give 31 per cent, advance upon foreign goods and take them far entire pay. Such flattering hopes a*; tlicse may serve to amuse children; and Mr M’Ditfpik could have meant them only for such. lucre ;s another of Mr. M’Drrrte’s facts, which I merely mention. and leave us value lo be estimated by every fiter.d of his couutiy In the course of (he above Circus speech. he attempted xojlattcr the importing mer chan'*, tiy representing to them, that were the Tariff removed, the estimated sixteen rillions of American man ufa'ittiret would in all probability be driven out of the mar ket,.and supplanted by foreign manufactures; and that, from this additional cpiautity passing llrough their hand* year.v, they would reap a glorious harvest. tluv enormniisK patriotic! Truly nxtios.il sentiments! 1 xiruld ask Mr M’Di'rrts, nr any man ol common seme, how many times $16,000,000 i i specie we iiave m the U nitel States, and how lour, we could hear tttch an annu al drain? (For our specie must pay for these substituted goo«'«.) Why, man, three vears under such a system, would sweep every silver dollar from our country! Our Bank vaultr would echo emptiness; and the basis of our curren cy wo1 Id he destroyed, bringing in its train the complete prostration of public and private credit- Never was I so 'hornnghly convinced, hy all that l had ever read or heard upon this subject, of the utter ruin such a Free Trade (on one side) System as this, would bring upon our Republic, as by this same Circus speech of Georgs M Di'ffic. TRIBUTE OF RESPECT TO JUDGE MAR SHALL. At a meeting of the Bar of Philadelphia, Isold in the Circuit Court Room, on the 30th of September 1831, 1 WILL AM RAWLE Esq. was appointed, Chair man and John Seroent Secretary. The following resolution was unanimously adopt. Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to wait upon Chief Justice Marshall, and express to him the revenco of the Btr for his pre-eminent charac ter, talents and services, and request him to honor them with his company at dinner at such time as may ho convenient to him. x mi louow ng mcrnucrs were appo nted the Com- j tnitlco, to wit:— Rr*o1r?tl, riiat^tlie Hon. Judjjn Hopkinson l>e requested to unite with the committee in carrying ntn cfl'cct the above resolution. At ari adjourned meeting at the same place on .he first day of October, 1831, Mr. Rawi.E, from the committee appointed yes terday, reported that the committee, together with lodge Hopkinson, who, in compliance with the wishes of the Bar, united himself with them, had waited upon Chief Justice Marshall, and by their 'hairrnan, communicated to him the resolution of ho Bar with the following address: S,R—* Bar of Philadelphia are much gratified •y the opportunity which your visitto tills cilv af ords us of testifying the high respect and profound feneration for your character felt hv <■* nil P. S. Duponceau, William H.iwlc, John .Sergeant, Horace Binncy, Geo. M. Dallas, Wm. H. Tod, II. Peters, C. J. fngcrsoll, Josiah Randall. Wo cannot but consider tho whole nation in debted to one who for so long a sorics of years hns illuminated its jurisprudence, nnd enforced with equal mildness and firmness its constitutional authority; who has never sought to enlarge the in dtc al power beyond its proper bounds, nor feared to carry it to tho full extent that duty required. In respect to many of us, your exercise of the high office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was anterior to the commencement of thoir profes sional existence. With some, the recollection of your appointment revives the sense of the satifnc tmn that it gave; w ith nil, there is a perfect con viction, that tho station never was or could be bet ter filled. It has been noticed with infinite gratitude to the great Dispenser of nil earthly bounties, that the hand of lime, though it may affect the body, has not diminished those great powers by which tho mind of the individual whom we address, has been so long, so eminently distinguished. As a testimony of the sentiments we entertain, the I’ai respectfully solicit the honor of your company to a dinner, on any day you may think proper to name, agreeably to the following resold ' tmn this day adojited. i WII.1,7AM RWVLE, JOHN SERGEANT, HORACE RfNNEV, I’HTF.R s. DUPONCEAU, W. H. TOD, t CEO. M. DAM.AS, CHARI.ES J. INGERSOLL, . RICHARD PETERS, JOSIAH RANDAI.L. fo tho Honorable John Marshal!,, . Chief Justice of the S. C. U. S. 1 ° wJ’ioh Chief Justice Marshall mndo the fol owmg reply: !• is impossible for me, gentlemen, to do justice * to the feeling* with which l receive your very flat tering address, nor shall I make the attempt; to have performed the official duties assigned to mo by my country, in such a manner as to acquire the approbation of so respectable and respected a liar as that of Philadelphia, affords mo the highest gra tification of which lam capable, and is more than nn ample reward for the labour which those duties impose I dare not hope that my services or ability to continue them, entitle me to the favora ble sentiments which your kindness has expressed, but I shall always recollect the expression of them with a degree of pride and satisfaction which few occurrences of my life have inspired. Might I bo permitted to claim for myself as well as for my associ ates. any portion of the liboral consideration your partial favour bestows, it would be, that wc “have never sought to enlarge the judicial power be yond its proper bounds, nor feared to carry it to the full extent that duty required.” My state of health docs not permit mo to in. dulgo in the pleasures of society, and I know not how long I may continue an invalid. I must therefore decline your polite invitation to dine with you, and inlrcnt you to believe that in doing so, l submit with infinite reluctance to a pri vation which I cannot avoid. With great and respectful esteem, I am. Gentlemen, Your obliged and ob’t servf. J. MARSHALL. Mr. ' awls, fion the fame Committee, reported the following re-nlut ons, whirl) were iinai.imousl adopted. Resolved, That the members of the Bar c.r I’hiladelpbie, j wiil »' «* bodv, watt on Cnief Jnslire Mar-hall, and that he lie requested to receive them in the United State* Court Kooni. at ruclt time as may suit his convenience: and ‘bat the chairman take the nrcessary steps locnnythu resolution into effect. 3 Resolved, Tint the Chairman of this meeting bo requested to wait on Chief Jasticu Marshall and ex press to him the request of the H.tr of Philadelphia, that he will permit his portrait to he taken. Resolved, That a Committee ho appointed to obtain the services of an eminent artist of this city to carry into execution the purpose oftbo forego ing resolution, should Chief Justice Marshall as sent thereunto. Resolved, That these proceedings be published. BmtxJKTON, (N. J.) Oct. 1. Tornado.—On Monday evening last, the most violent storm ever witnessed in this section of the country passed about a mile east of this town. It commenced about nine o’clock in the lower part ot Fairfield township, extending in a north-easterly direction. through ('airfield it did considerable damage, prostrating fences, corn fields and apple orchards. Directly east of this town, it increased an violence, teaiing up trees and demolishing build, ings, and extending, we understand, as far as Swodcsbough, Gloucester county. It attained its greatest violence about one mile to the east of Carlorburgh, literally prostrating every thing with which it came in contact, and rendering the sec tion of the country through which it passed, a scene of desolation scarcely imaginable. The entire loss cannot be ascertained, some have lost their all, while others have suffered to tho amount of hun dreds of dollars. One family, that of Mr. James Lopcr, was miraculously preserved on the lower floor ofthe house, while every part of tho building, with the exception ot the floor, was entirely swept away; Mrs. Lopcr, was much bruised by the falling of the timber, but the rest ofthe family of four or five persons escaped unhurt. Another family were preserved by being fastened in an upper room of a building, most of which was demolished._ Apple trees were torn up by tho roots, and carried l a considerable distance, and tho fences arc scatter ed in every direction, the corn is level with the ground, and the fodder is almost entirely lost._ Four or five houses, and eight or ten other build ings, have been nearly or in whole destroyed, while many others have been unroofed and other wise injured. A great quantity of standing timber is torn up by tho roots, and hurled in every direc tion. Cordwood is scattered over the ground, and in some instances even the bottom logs of tho tiers have been taken away. Thursday livening, Oct. 6. Both the Northern Mails due came on to-day. We have transferred to our columns every thing of any interest they furnish. THE TARIFF IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Can it be wondered at, that the great mass, the all talkers and no thinkers of the population of that State, should be so run inad upon this subject,when we find such a man as .Mr. McDuffie asserting that a tax of forty per cent upon importations is tanta mount to a tax of forty bales of cotton in the hun dred, on the planter? A proposition so utterly ab surd, is not to be attributed to want of understan ding in .Mr. McDuffie, but to his contempt for the understanding of his hearers: Yet of such stuffis the Anti-tariff Nullification party of that State com. po :ed. We havo a better opinion ot the good sense of our readers, however, they may differ from us, than to be'icve it possible, they can give Mr McDuffie credit even for honest error of opinion. It is by such gross impositions, that South Caroli na is kept up to fever heat. What! is all the cot ton of South Carolina exported? Docs she pay a tax upon her whole consumption, because her im port* may bo taxed at forty por cent? Is there no profit upon capital and labor? Docs sho con sume nothing but what is imported? All theso sev eral questions must be answered in the affirmative, beforo Mr. McDuffie’s proposition can be maintain ed with any semblance of truth. W c learn that tlie Colonization Society has just completer! arrangements for sending to Liberia this fall an additional number of two hundred free blacks from tho county of Southampton. The Com monwealth ought to send off at least two thousand every year. A drain like that would soon puts, stop to insurrections and rumors of insurrections. We are much obliged to our correspondent at Office Tavern. He will see our opinion in a late paper in relation lo another publication on the sains subject. The Maryland KIcction for Members of Con gress, ami of tbs House of Delegates, took plaeo on Monday. Baltimore city and county, as here tofore, gave decided majorities for the Jackson candidates. Die Stnto at larg» is as decidedly iVnti-Jackson. Wo dbalj give particulars whon ■hey come to hand in an authentic shape. SECOND DAY’S RACE AT TREE IIIEL. Yesterday, the Proprietor’s Purse §.10(1, two mile seats, was run tor, and was won by Thomas Dos roll’s Bayard, beating three others, viz: I’liomas DosweIVsh. g. Bayard, by Carolini an, 5 years old, 3 11 • M. Sclden's «. f. Trifle, by Charles, 3. years old, 124 Vrn. R. Johnson's s. m. Annette, by Charles, 4 years old, 2 3 2 Vm. H. Minge’a eh. m. I. C. by Archie, four years old, 4 4 9 Time—1st beat 3 m. 53 g.—2d do. 3 m. 57 s.— d do. 3 m. 54 s. Annette had run the day before, t wo mile heats, 'inning in two heats. She was ncverthelcra the I amending horse two heat* oui of the three hoat* kosterday. 'I ho raco was quite interesting, al though the odds were in favor of Bayard against the fiold from tho jumj>, and the close of the first hoat made little change in the opinions of tho bettors: stdl it was not thought so certain ns to destroy tl.o interest in the raae. After tho second heat little doubt remained that the raco was Bay nrd’s. Ho won tho third heat with apparent case, The tiu.o over tho Tree Hill courso is considered good. third day. Jockay Club Purse £1,000, 4 milo heats. John P. White’s s. h. Collier, by Charles, 5 years old, j j Thos. Doswell’s b. tn. Sally Hornet, by Charles, 5 years old, 3 2 Wm. R. Johnson’s b. in. Maria West, by Marion, 5 3 Win. II. Minge’s b. h. May-day, by Archie, 5 years old, * 4 ^ J. M. Sclden’s s. h. Sparrowhawk, by Charles, 4 years old, 2 5 Time—1st heat, 8in. 9s.— 2d heat, 8m. Is. Tho contest both heats was between Collier and Sally Hornet. Freb I radk Convention.—A t' mporary organ ization of this body took place ,n Friday, bv tho appointment of Col. Burwell Bassett of Virginia ns Chairman pro tempore. A good deal of discus sion ensued respecting Hie best method of electing a President. On Saturday morning, lion. Albert Gallatin of N. Y. nominated Hon. Judge Barbour ■> of Virginia as President, and he was unnnims, y elected. Condy Raguet, Esq. was chosen SaefC' tary w/th power to appoint assistants. 1 ho ship Arab, at Philadelphia from Liverpool* has brought dates two days later from that city Tho Arab has no advices from London, later than those already roccivcd at New York. Tho Liver pool papers brought by the Arab give a detailed account of the Joss of the Roothsay Castle steam boat, with not less than one hundred lives. A storm causing much damage had visited Liverpool. N» alterations in tho markets. The groin market was steady for wheat. Average for wheat 64 6d, for 6 weeks 648 lOd. " ,8 \3 uio state ot the Liverpool Mar kct, on the aOth ot August. The averages are one week later than those previously reported. Cotton has been in moderate demand and 10,020? bags sold; Bowed, Alabama, dee. 4}d. 6}d. The following is the quantity of Cotton import od since our last:— , •,BoIo-o°lS’,56 brT,es: Charleston, **51 bales; Mo. vC,19o,oi,au0?; N£w °rlMnfi- 4828 bales. New \ork, 2124 bales; Norfolk, Virginia, 34 bales; Sa vannah, 2180 bales; Tortola, 48 bales.—Total 15,703 bales. 1200 hhd*. of Planation Sugar have been sold; prices 43 per cwt. for Brown; up to 95s for fine The Grain Market has been steady for Wheat since Tuesday: Oats, have given way Id per 45 lbs. Tho following are the averages of Corn, made up to Saturday last:— Imperial weekly average of last week, ran quarter. Wheat 64s 6d, barley 29s 9d, oats 25s Gd, rye 34tf 2d. beans 39s lls, peas 40s 2d. Aggregate average for six weeks which regulates duty:—64s lOd, 32s 3d, 26s 3d 37s Od, 40s Od, 41s I ho following is the duty on foreign com for the ensuing week.—22s 8d, 13s lOd, 7s 9d, 14s Od, 9s fid, 8s 0d. There is not any foreign news of interest in the even ng papers. The retirement of the Dutch troop** is taking place in good faith, they will liavo entirely quilted the Belgian territory by the 20th mst. Tho French are not so certainly being with drawn. Latest from Lisbon.—Captain Waterhouse, of tho brig Lucy Ann, arrived at Portland on Tuesday last, reports that in Lisbon, on the 24th or 25th of Au gust, a regiment of the King’s troops revolted, killed their officers, and marched iroin their barracks to the public squam, proclaiming the constitution, and disarming the police, and giving their arms to tho rabble. As they passed, many of the inhabitants joined them. But as soon as Don Miguel hoard of the revolt, he mustered the troops he had at hand, surrounded the revolters and fired into them from every avenue, killing from three to four hundred of the regiment. The survivors then surrendered and were thrown on board tho prison ships. Soon afterwards 6 or 7 ot the principal inhabitants at St, Ubes, of the liberal party, were arrested and thrown into prison, probably because Don Miguel thought them involved in the conspiracy. The Secretary of tho Treasury gives notice to the proprietors of tho four and a half per cent stock of five Millions of Dollars, created in pursuance of an Act of Congress, passed on tho 26tb day of May, 1824, that the certificates of tho said Stock will be paid and extinguished on tho 1st day of January next. Notice is also given to tho proprietors of tho five per cent stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 15th day of May, 1820, that certificates of the said Stock, amount’ ing in the whole to Nine Hundred and Ninety.Nine Thousand Nine Hundred and Ninety.Nine Dollars and Thirteen Cents, will be paid and extinguished on tbs second day of January next. Tiik U. S. Revenue.—1Wo understand from Washington that the United States Revcnuo for the present year will exceed tho estimates by sight millions of dollars It was estimated at $22,000,000 —it will reach nearly $30,000,000. Cotir. cf- Enq. Mr. Ad,mis, in his Eulogy on Mr. Monroe, re lates that Napoleon intended to send a military co lony of tw enty thousand veterans to Louisiana, and that they W'ere already assembled at Ilalvoct-Sluye to embark, when the rupture of tho peace of Anioina gave them another destination. lie adds this an. ecdoto “It happened that a member of the Senate of the United States was at New Orleans, when the Com missioner of Napoleon, authorised to receive pos session of tho province, arrived there, and before the cession to the United States. This commie, sioner, in conversation with the American Senator, told him that the military colony from Frunco might soon bo expected. That there was perhaps, some difference of opinion between the French and Spanish governments as to the boundary, but that when the colony arrived, his orders were miielfy tr, take possession to tho Perdido, and le^-vo the diver sities ot ^opinion to bo afterwards discussed in the cabinet. This snecdoto was related on the floor of the Senate ofthe United States by the member of that body who had been a party to the conversation.” Destruction of the Montmorency Mills by fire.—. Tin* establishment, the most extensive of the kijjq in North America, lias been totally destroyed by fire; origin of the fire not ascertained. The value, of the property lost cannot be much qndpy 4^0,000. (Quebec Gazette. From the Philadelphia Inquirer. Casually.— XVe learn wii'i re.*ret lliai on Sntyinlay aft* ternoon, as two brothers, sons of William N< rjon, E«a, of Siothwaik, were gunning in the Ner k, the ypungetX' one, who was about ten vears of age, lay down on the ground to wait for a Hock of birds, and while the other w ’* "bout discharging his pirrp at the game, unfortunate* ly rose upon Ins feel, and received the contnit* in his head, w hich almost instantly deprived him of life. AU(JUSTA. Sept. i8.--Shoc/ring.—“It is cur rently reported (says the Macon Telegraph, of tlm 24'limst ) in some of the upper count ics. that (Jov. Gilmer's Guard have, without the interven tion of Judge or Jury, lately put to death three Indiana, by shooting, for digging gold on the Cherokee land.” We munt hope, for the saka of humanity, the feedings of our people and tha character ofthe State, that this cannot be (rue; but, when wr rtflcct how much nil these hove laiety and frequently liry>n outraged, in the some fjiioiter. and by the some men, w.c ce.nnot help, fearing the worst.—ChronirJe. IVUv-it r r H< sms —The Mon. H. ({. Otis made a communication to the City Council of Boston on Thurs day last, annonneiug that he will not lie n Candidate for re-election as Mayor, at the approaching election. Thn motives which have induced this resolution are simply of a personal and domestic nature. Burning Island.—Tho brig Billow, at Boston from Alacata, August 1st, reports having passed, on the second m^ht out, the burning island, which rose,