Constitutional Whig. [volume], December 13, 1831, Image 2

About Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832

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Tlse Richmond wa&iia-.
_ Tar
ALABAMA.
The Legiskiturc of Alabama assembled on Mon.
day, tho ISth November, at Tuscaloosa. We on.
Hex two extracts irom (sov, Moorc’s IVlecsa^et on
the l . S. Bank, and the Tariff, ipicstions on which
every development of public sentiment is now
Interesting.
“ 1 ho Bank of the Tinted States, is a company j
bank, in which four fifths of the stock is owned by
individuals. There aro twenty five directors, twen
ty of which aro chosen by the individual stock
holders, the remaining live by tho President of the
United States, the numbers chosen by the individ
uals is at all times sufficient to control the diicction
of the bank. It is therefore a separate interest, and
liable to all tho objections of other company banks,
and much more alarming in a government, because
ot its ramifications throughout tiie union, in defi
ance of state authorities. These d.rectcr.s have
chartered authority at their discretion, to establish
at any point or points, in your .State, a branch,
or branches of a mis-named United States Bank,
no other than a powerful monied institution for tho
emolument, and under the direction, of a fen
individuals of different States and nations. Where
are your State rights when twenty five men, pri
vate citizens, have a right thus to trample upon
your authority? Collectors of tariff duties are of
ficers of Government, and tho tax which they
oolloct is for public use, hut the national banking tax
collectors are private citizens, not material of what
nation or country, collecting a tax within th-c lim
its of your State, probably against its consent, and
for their own aggrandizement. J respectfully
submit to your consideration, the propriety of mak
ing a strong, and decided expression against the
policy of re-chartering tho Bank of tho United
States, especially on its present principles and with
its present powers, and discountenancing (for that
is the limit of your State right) the establishment of
other branches in the Stale of Alabama.
#*«***
it is unnecessary, m 1.11s uay io prouiicc arj^uinenl
to prove to citizens of Alabama, that duties on ar
ticles of foreign, for the purpose of protecting do
mestic manufactures, operate partially* on the citi
zens of the United Slates, unjustly and oppresively
on those of our section, and that as a state we
ought to be decidedly opposed to the policy of the
Aiuorican System. It would seem folly to oppose
argument to the absurd idea, that the imposi
tion of a tax or duty on ary species of fabric, will
not enhance its price to the consumer: and until
this he true, we are sufferers, and cannot favor the j
policy. There is, however, much diversity of opin
ion, on the subject of the extent to which wo may '
legit imately oppose the existing tariff. There are
some who believe that, as a sovereign State, we'
have a right to determine as to the constitutional!- ■
ty of a taritf law, and having decided it to iie un
constitutional to declare it inoperative and void
in the State, and resist the execution of the law._
Others are of opinion, that the justice of our cause,
set forth by sober argument in remonstrance or
memorial, will ultimately’succeed in alleviatin'' our
grievances, and should this fail, they believe there
is yet anctlier course to be pursued, which ought
to precede the arbitrary exercise of Stale sover
eignty. The idea of States being politiciallv unit
ed, implies a federal government, and to preserve
a healthy action of the system of the Union, it is
necessary that this government should have the
power to make certain general laws. The legisla
tive powers of the government of these United
•States, are vested in a Congress, the federal eon
constitution defines the powers of Congress, also
designates the objects of legislation. If Coti'Tcss
therefore, enact ti law on a subject designated, with
-in the pule-of fliC'r authority as prescribed by the
.constitution, it is binding on the different states of
■tile confederation, otherwise it is unconstitutional
and not binding. Further to illustrate the idea:
The constitnUon vests in Congress the power “to
lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excis
es,” it also prescribestbat “all duties, imports ami
excises, shall be uniform throughout the United
♦States.”—It' Congress, therefore, enact a law, to
lay sind collect duties which are uniform thinghout
the United St ifee, the law is within the prescribed
powers ami binding on the StaN-s: but if the du
iViesIk: not uniform throughout the United States,
;thc law authorising their collection is unconstitu
tional and not binding on the Sta'"s.
Hut Congress by the enactment of the law have
said, that the duties arc uniform throughout the
I nited Sintra, (othoiwise they bad not the power
to enact the law) and therefore constitutional.i
J Jut the State of Alabama says t he duties are .not.
uniform throughout the United Stutc-e, and there
fore the law is not constitutional. Here is the
issue. How is it to he tri d? I think not. bv battle
in the fir ! reso rt. The judical power of the United
States is: vested in a federal, supreme, and-other
inferior court:- and extends to “all cases in law and
equity arming under th constitution, the laws
ol the United states, Xc,” Hut this ease arises
under the constitution, or laws of the United
Stales, therefore this case is cognizable by the :
Federal, supreme or other inferior court*. Itut
the federal court dsicides the case against the.
St tc: truly mid the decision establishes a part.of
Bill the evil still exists. Ami (he law which op.
.presses us, has been determined by the proper
tribunal to be constiulior.nl. The fault is there
fore in the constitution: il vests too much power
in Congress. The next inquiry is. Howist.bc
constitution to be amended? The instrument it
self has pointed out the mode. “Congress, when-1
ever two-lh rds <*f both bouses shall deem it. neeos
sary, sin. 11 propose amendments to this constitution, ]
or on the application of the [legislatures of two
thirds of the several States, shall call a convention
.for proposing amendments to this constitution, or
on the ap|>licat?on of Hie flegislatures of two thirds
of the several States, shall call a convention for
proposing airemhnent-, wb.icli i:i either case shall
the valid So all intents and purposes, as part of this
constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of
three-fourth.: of the several Mate*, or by conven
tion in three.fourths thereof.” Crgct! by the exist
ing evil, the Slate instructs its Representatives in
Congress, to endeavor to procure propositions to
.nincnd the constitution; memorials and petitions i
'arc employed, ail exertions fail; n concurrence of
two thirds-of both houses ennno? lie obtained.
The State euct^avors by resolutions and other,
•wise to procure tlr concurrence of n eonsti'ntional
rumb' T of the T.eg-sv-nires of the several States, to
apply fora convention-ko propose amendments; a
roncurrenee of a competent number camu t be oh.
tair.ed, or if constitutional projxontions of amend
Tr»ent be made, the [legislatures nr Conventions of
.three fourths of the several Staters, will nut ratify
ikf r-opnr' d amendments. If the U.v.-'t.e uneon
stitutiou'ii for want of power in Congre«;lo lay do.
ties to protect domestic manufactures, in.-te a/l of to
raise a r venue to support government, or for
other reason, the question may be tried in like
manner. Having now exhausted all the menus
known to the corn-dilution, and consistent with too
Union. ♦ obtnin relief from legal oppression in
vain; if the evil still ex sl. and be insufferable, if
is m w »t >• Slat mnvbcg'ii to calculate the value
ofthi lTn’'«n (a painful lefiootion to a heart that
bn* alwnvs'•beriphed a belief that its value is inca!-|
cubihl-.) Il is r.ow by reverting to t'ic first prin
c*o!cs of Pelf protection, th" Stale may nullify the
r.rfs of Cr.pgrepr, by d daring them inoperative
nrd veld within it'' limit?, and set up for itself.
Rot hrf. re i* take* this step, it ought carefully to
weigh the idvant'irrea of a see «s;na, against thos"
of be Cnion, and sec that the former clearly
pyi,noii(lcrnlcs. Having s-id t! »s much, I would
submit to your honorable body, the propriety of
making pome expression on t lie subjeet of the pre
sent tariff, and the means which ought to borm
ploved in opposing it, or procuring its modifier
tion I will here also submit for your considera
tion a copy of «hc address to the people of the j
United States, read by Mr. Berrien fr mi the fi-.
dz -afire committee to. and a -•|>»e<l by the auti-l --
tJf eonvention. |
....... i - -'r-iiiTTTiwrTCTniTnHir
ANNUAL RErORT OF THE FINANCES.
In‘obedience to tlio directions of the “Act to establish the Treasury Department,” tho So \ °*
Lift I rousitry respectfully submits the following Keport: * T
I. Or thk IVbijc Rrvkkuk akd FxrawniTURKs.
Tlife receipts into tho Treasury, from all sourci-s, during tho year 1820, wero §24,827,627 38
1 lio expenditures for the same year, including payment* on account of tho public I
debt, and including §0,033 38, for awards under the first article of the treaty
of Ghent, wero 25,044,358 40
The balance in the Treasury on the 1st January, 1830, was 5,753 704 70
The receipts from ull sources during the year 1830, were 21844 116 51
Vi*.
Customs oj goo ggj 35
Lands (Statement D) 2,320,356 11
Dividends on Hank Stock (K) 400,000 00
Incidental receipts (F) 102,368 98
Making with the balance, an aggregate of 30 599 821 30
The expenditures of the same year wore ( (■') o.j 5^5 oyj 55
Viz.
Civil List, Foreign Intercourse, and Miscellaneous, 3,237,410 04
Military service, including fortifications, ordnance, Indian all airs,
pensions, arming tlio militia, and internal improvement*, 6,752,688 66 .
Naval service, including the gradual improvement ofllie navy, 3,239,128 63
1’uldic debt " 11,355,748 22
Leaving a balance In the Treasury, on tlio 1st January, 1831, or 6,014,539 75
The receipts of the Treasury during the three first quarters of the
present year arc estimated at SO,653,577 69
Vi*.
Customs 17,354,291 58
Lands (Cl) 2,479.658 90
Hank Dividends (II) 490,000 00
Incidental Receipts (if) 111,987 20
And the indemnity under the Danich Convention 217,739 95
The receipts for the fourth quarter are estimated at 7,346,735 78
(Including the Danish Convention.) -
Making the total estimated receipts of tliu year 28,000,112 S7
And with the balance on the 1st January, 1831, forming an aggregate of 31,011,952 62
'J he expenditures fur the three first quarters of the prusent year aru es
timated at (I) 21,159,778 97
Vix.
Civil List, Foreign Intercourse, and Miscellaneous, 2,507,61 1 -Li
Military service, including forlilicalions, orduaued, In
dian affairs, arming the militia, and internal improve*
menu 5,619,017 29
Naval service, iucludingthe gradual improvement of tlio
the Navy 3,019,667 83
I’ublic debt 9,983,479 16
The expenditures for the fourth quarter, including §6,205,810 21 on ac
count of the piiulic debt aro estimated, on data furnislicxl i>y tho re
spective Departments, at 9,807,422 26
Making the total estimated expenditures of tho year 30 9G7 201 25
a ..,1 i„—Ik- n1.——.... i..* y_ _ toon _. ■
balance, including §433,475 1.3, on account of tho indemnity under
the Danish Convention, of 3 Q47 71^ 37
Which, however, includes the funds, estimated at §1,4 -0,000, heretofore reported hy this Depart,
incut as not effective. ”
Tlie appropriations remaining unsatisfied at the close of*lhe year, are estiiniied at §4,139,823 13
but of this amount, it is estimated bv the proper Departments,
1. That the sum of §3,423,525 87 only will ho required tor the olrjv.ctv for which they were appro
priated. 11
2. That tlie sum of §501,102 78 will not lie required, and may therefore he considered as an excess
of appropriation, and is proposed to ho applied, without being re-appropriated, ii. aid of the service of
the year 1832, as will more fully appear when the estimates for the appropriations for that year are pre
3. That the sum of §215,191 48 will he carried to the surplus fund, cither because the objects for
which it was appropriated are completed, or because these moneys will not be required for, or will be no
longer applicable to them.
I . Of tuf. Prni.ir D^tir.
The payments on account of the public debt, during the three first quarters of the year,
have amounted, as has bean already stated, 9,983 179 46
Viz;
On account of principal 8,931,049 97
And of interest 1,092 429 49
And ii is estimated that the payments to be made in the -llli quarter of the year will
amount to * 6,205,810 21
\ iz:
On account of principal 5 90p gjq oj
And of interest 297|000 00
M iking the whole amount of disbursements, on account of tho debt in
J 6,189,289 67
This sum will be increased hy purchases or .stock which have been authorized, but which have not
yet been fully reported.
Of the amount disbursed for the debt, §10,000,000 were applied from the appropriation made for the
year, under the 2d section of the Sinking Fund act of ivi7; and the remaining §6,189,289 67 wen
applied, with the sanction of the President, under tho authority of tho 1st section of tlie act of 21th
May, 1830.
'1 lie Stocks redeemed, hy the application of -that portion of too abovo sum disbursed on account or
the principal, ate ao follviva-ViZS
1. Of U e Funded Debt.
Tho residue of the Five per rents, created under the Aet of the 10th of
April, 1816, an payment of the United States’subscription, for the
shapes owned in the Bank of the United States, 4,000 000 00
The exchanged four and a half |>er cent, per act of 3d of March, 1825, 1,53!)'336 J(j
The four and a luif per cent, por act of 26th May, 1824, 5 000 000 00
Tlie li\e percent, per act of 15th May, 1820, 999 999 13
And a part of the f--iirand a half per cent, of the 2-ilh of May, 1821, 3,260*475 99
2. Of the Unfunded Debt, exclusive of §228 61, converted into 3*/>cr* rent ct/fl
The old Registered Debt, 1 40 90
Treasury Notes, ^ qq
Mississippi Stock, gg;-,
Ai'lor these payments, the Public Debt, on tho 2.1 of January, 1832, will be as follows—via
1. Funded Debt.
Three per cents, per act of the -1th of August, 1790, redeemable at
the pleasure of Government, J3,296 626 21
Five | or cents, per act of 3d of March, 1821, redeemable after the '1st
January, 1235, 4,735,296 *30
Five per cents, (exchanged) pcractof the 20th April, 1822, one third
redeemable an.-iiiiilly after the 3,1st Decernber, 1830, 1831,,&. 1832, 56 704 77
Four and a half per cents, per aet of the 24th May, 1821, redeema
ble after the Is1 day of January, 1832, 1,739 524 01
Four and a half percent, (exchanged) per act of 2Gth May, 1824,
one half redeemable after the 31st day of December, 1832, tho
residue after tlie.31st day of December, 1833^ 4 154 727 95
- 24.282 879 *> t
2. Unfunded Debt. ’ ’ ~1
Registered Debt, being claims registered prior to the year 1798, for
services and supplies during the Revolutionary War, 27,919 85
Treasury Notes, ,7,116 00
Mississippi Stock, 4,320 09
——- 39,355 94
Making the whole amount of She Public Debt of the Uuitcd Slates, 21,322 235 18
III. O? the Estimates of the Pubmc IIf.venue, and Expenditures for tiik year 1832.
The groat commercial activity prevailing in the United Slates lias contributed not only to enlarge the
rovenue from Customs for the present year beyond the estimates, hut will probably carry that rif th
next year to a still higher amount. The importations for the year ending on .the 30th of September
last, arc estimated at. §97,032,858, and the exports at §80,372,506, of which §02,018 233 were
mes*ic, and §18,32-1,333 foreign product*-:. ’
The Duties which accrued during the first-three quarters of tho presen, year, are estimated at
rl those for the fourth miarler. at §0.090.000. Some f.... ...m , '
§750,000.
The receipts from the Public Lands, during the present year, it will ho perceived, have likewiso ex
ceeded the estimates, and indeed have gone beyond all former example, -ft is believed that, notwitli
standing the large amount of scrip and for'cited land stock that may still he absorbed in payments for
lands, yet, if tho surveys now projected, be completed, tho receiptsfroin this source of revenue will
not fall greatly below those of the present year.
From ail the information which the Department has -been able to obtain. th« receipts into tho Trea
sury during tho year 1832, may bo estimated at 30,100 000 00
Customs 20,500,000 00
Public Lands _iM>0&,l)00 00
Bank dividends, <190,000 00
Incidental receipts, including arrrears of duties and direct taxes, 110,000 00
The expenditures for the year 1832, (or all ohjcc.ls other than public debt, nrc csti
,nalcd at „ ,J 3,365,202 1C
Viz:
Civil, foreign intercourse, and miscellaneous, 2,809,481 2G
Military service, including fortifications, ordnance, Indian affairs, arming
tin militia, and internal improvement, 6,GJ?,/)99 '9
Naval service, including the gradual improvement of the navy, 3,907,618'71
Which, being deducted from the estimated receipts, will leave a balance of 16,731 797 81
An exhibition of the transactions of the Treasury will show that this Department has.endeavored to
carry into effect the policy indicated by the laws and the views of the President in regard to the early
e.\1 inguishim-nt of the public debt: upwards of forty millions will have been applied to that object-front
the !th of March, 1820, to l he 2d of January, 1322, inehisivc, of which about sixteen millions and a
half v. ill have been drawn from the Treasury during tho present year.
The occasion is deemed a propitious one to bring to the view of the Legislature.the subject of the
debt, with a view to its redemption at a period not only earlier than has been heretofore anticipated,
but before the termination of the present-Congress.
The entire public debt, on the Sd of January next, ns has been already shown, will
amount to 21,322,235 18
The amount of the receipts Into the Treasury, during the year 1832, af
ter stisfying all the demands of the year, other tb n on account of
tbe publ'c debt, are estimated, ns abo-ve, r.t 16,734,79? 84
To this may be added the balance in the 'f reasury on fiio 1st of Janua
ry, 1-32, estimated (exclusive «f the ineffectual funds and the Danish
indemnity) at* .‘1,208,276 24
From this aggregate of 17,943,074 08
after deducting the amount ef the unsatisfied approptiatbrrs, already estimated at 3,423,525 87
tliern wfif mma'ii a surplus, in tho year 1832, of 14,519,448 21
which, null s« t'oiifcrifs - booh! y.»l rge the appropriations for othor objects, may bo
applied In the public debt.
The interest on 'be debt, during the yen.- 1932, may hr estimated at 500,000 00
leaving for the principal in that year ,14,019,548 21
Wh^yh, being applied to” that ob*
ject, will leave the total amount of
tho public debt, at the close of llio i
year 1832. 10.302.G8G 97
The Government, however, lias
other means which, if Congress see
proper, may he applied towards tho
payment of the debt, viz: the shares in
the Bank of the l'. Ktat-s, amounting
at par to §7,000,000, hut which, as
will ho presently explained, uiay bo
estimated at not less than 8,000,000 00
In that event, the amount of the
debt, on the 1st of January, 1833,
would he but 2,302,G86 07
Which sum, together with a fair
allowance for tl.*o cost of purchasing,
at tho market price, the stocks not re
deemable in the course of the propos
ed operation, might be supplied, in
the months ol January and February,
1823, by t!ic application from tho re
venues ol’ that year, of a sum equal to
2-12ths of tlie amount applied front
the ordinary revenues to tho debt in
the year 1832—spy 2,503,258 02
It may he further observed, that, should any di
minution lake place in tho estimated revenue, or
should tho expenditure exceed tho estimated
amount, the deficiency which either event might
produce in the means of the Treasury, applicablo to
the debt, would he supplied l»y the amount reserved
in this estimate, for the uusatistied balances of ap
propriations. For, although that stun constitutes
,i»l egal charge on tho Treasury, to he met as occa
sion requires, yet, in any estimate of present
means, it may ho considered rather as a nominal
than a real charge.
It will ho thus perceived that the Government
has tho means, if properly employed, of reimbursing
the whole of the pubiic debt, by purchaso or other
wise, on or before the 3d of March, 1833.
The moral influence which sucli an example
would necessarily produce throughout the world, in
removing apprehension, and inspiring new confi
dence in our free institutions, cannot be question
ed. Seventeen years ago, the country emerged I
from an expensive war, encumbered with a debt
of more than one hundred and twonty-soven mil
lions, and in a comparatively defenceless state. In
this short period, it has promptly repealed all the
direct and internal taxes which were iiup.oacd dcr
ingftke war, relying mainly upon revenue derived
from imports, and sales of the public domain.
From these sources, besides providing for the gen
fortified, tlie naval and maritime rocources strcngth
oned, & part of the debt of gratitude to the survivors
of the Revolutionary War discharged. Wo have,
moreovor, contributed a large share to the general
improvcmcat, added to the extent of the Union by
the purchase of the valuable Territory of Florida,
and finally acquired tho means of extinguishing the
heavy debt incurred in sustaining the late war, and
all tiiat remained of the debt of the Revolution.
T be anxious hope with which the people have
looked forward to this period, not less than tho ;
present state ot the public mind, and thu rual in
terests ol the community at large, recommend the
prompt application of these means to that great
object, if it can be done consistently with a proper
regard for other important considerations.
Of these means, as has already been shewn, the
shares owned by tho Government in the Hank of
the United States are an indispensable part; and,
that for tho reimbursements of the debt within the
period contemplated, it will be necessary to effect a
sale of them, for a sum not less than eight millions
of dollars.
'I he stock created by the United States for their
subscript ion to the Hank, having been actually paid
previously to the 1st of July last, their interest in
that institution lias ceased to be nominal merely,
and the shares form a part of the fiscal resources
applicable to the public demands.
The objects connected with the early reimburse
ment of the public debt, are more important than
the interest of tho Government ns a mere stock
holder; and it is, therefore, respectfully recom
mended to Congress to authorize the sale of thoso
shares for a sum net less than 8^,l>bO.OOO.
A sale of so large an amount in the public mar
ket couid not be expected to produce more than tho
par value; and, if attempted under circumstances
calculated to shake public confidence in the stabili
ty o! the institution, would, in a.l probability, prove
wholly abortive. For those roaoons, it ia deemed
advisable to effect a sale to the Bank itself—a
measure believed to be prycticable on terms satis
factory both to the United Stoles, and that institu
tion.
In Submitting this proposition to the wisdom of
Congress, it is not intended that its adoption should
bo founded on any pledge for (lie renewal of tho
charter of tho Hank; considering, however, the
connection of the proposition with the Hank, and
viewing the whole subject as a necessary part of
the plans fnrtbc improvement and management of
the revenue, and for tho support of public credit,
the undersigned feels it Ins duty to accompany it
with a frank expression of his opinions.
The act oi Congress to establish the Treasury
Department, makes it the duty of the Secretary of
tho Treasury to .digest, and prepare plans for the
support o! public credit, and for the improvement
and management of the revenue. The duties en
joined, as well by this act, as by the subsequent
one ot the 1 Oth of May, 1800; requiring the Secre
tary “to digest, prepare, and lay before Congress,
at the commencement of every session, a report on
the subject of finance, containing estimates of the
public revenue, and public expenditures, and plans
for improving or increasing the revenues, from
tune to time, tor tho purpose of giving information
to Congress, in adopting modes for raising the mo
ney requisite to meet the public expenditures,” have '
been supposed to include not merely tho application |
cl the resources of the Government; but the whole •
subject of the currency and the means of preserv
ing its soundness.
inu unst oecrniarj r»i um ;
I rcasury, in his memorable reports of January and
December, 1790, recommended a National Thuik
as “an institution of primary importance to the
finances and of the greatest utility in the operations
connected with tho support of public credit:” and
various communications since made to Congress,
shew that the same views were entertained of their
duties by others who have succeeded him in the De
partment.
I nc pcrlornmce of the duties thus enjoined bv j
law upon the Secretary of the Treasury, implies
however, no commitment of any other Department
ol the Government, each buing'lcfl free to act ac
cording to the mode pointed out by the Constitution.
Tho important charge confided to the Treasury
Department, and on which the operations of the
Government essentially depend, in tho improve
ment and management of .the Revenue, and .the
support of public credit: and of transferring the
public funds to all parts of the United States, im
perioasly requires from the Government all the fa
cilities which it may constitutionally provide for
these objects, and especially for regulating and pre
serving a.sound currency.
As curly as May, 1781, the Congress of tho Uni
tod .States, convened under tho articles of Confed
erntion, approved tho plan of a National Rank, sub
mitted to their consideration by Mr. Morris*, then
8upcrtendenl of the Finances, and, on tho 31st of
December of the same year, “from a conviction of
the support which tho finances of the United Stales
would receive from tho establishment of a National
Rank," passed an ordinance incorporating such an
institution under the name and stylo of “Tho I’res- !
merit. Director;-, and Company of the Rank of North
America.” The aid afforded by that institution
was acknowledged to have beer, of essential conso. I
qnence during tho remaining period of the war,
and i«s utility subsequent to the pence of little lc««
importance.
The authority of the present Government to
err-ilu an institution for the same purposes, cannot j
bo loss c,car. Ft has, moreover, tho sanction of
the l.xec'it:vo, Legislative, and Judicial authori
ties, and ol a majority of the People of the United!
; ’ lr":" organization of the Government I
to the present time. If public opinion cannot be
considered tho infallible expounder, it is among tho i
soundest commentators of the Constitution, ft ,sun.
doubt, dly the Wisest guide ft only i ff, ctivc check to
tho oto whom the nc.einist rat ion ofl|,e Constitution
is confided; „n,, „ believed, that b, free and cr,light- j
cned - taUs, t ic harmony, not less than the welfare.
Of I,", cormnumty best promoted by receiving a. I
Jrr‘-lt of public policy in
which the const Puled authorities have long eon-:
eurred, and m which they have been sm mined by I
l, ur,e<Junrcc:,l t*I>ression of the will of tho Poo- 1
Tha indispensable necessity of sneli an insti'u- j
I.on for the fiscal operations of the Government in j
a i its departments, for the regulation and preserve
torn of a sound currency, for tho aid of commorcielj
7^-y: m ; . ... - -
ransaetiono generally, and oven for tho safuty^nnd
ilility ol tho local Banks, is not doubted, and, as
is believed, has been shewn in the past experience
i>t tne Government, ami in tho-'goneral accommo
dation and operations of the present Bank.
Tlio present institution may, indeed, he
considered as peculiarly tho offspring of that
necessity—springing from the inconveniences
which followed tho loss of tlio tir*t Bank of
the l uited States, and the evils and distresses
incident to the excessive, and in some instances,
fraudulent issues of the local Batiks during tho
war—the propriety of continuing it is to ho const,
dered, not more in reference to the expediency of
hetikiog generally, than in regard to tho actual
state ot things and to multiplicity of State Hanks
already in existence, and which can neither he dis
placed nor in other manner controlled in their is
sues ot paper by the General Government. 'Phis
is att evil not to be submitted to; and the remedy at
present applied, while it preserves a sound curren
cy lor the country at large, promotes the real in
terests ol the local Hanks by giving soundness tc
their paper.
It tlio necessity of a banking institution he con
ceded or shewn, that which shall judiciously com
bine the power of the Government with private
enterprise, is believed to lie most efficacious.—
Tito Government would thus obtain the be
nefit of individual sagacity in the general man
agement of tlie Hank, att'l by means of its depos.
ites and share in the direction, possess the neces
sary power for the prevention of abuse.
It i? not intended to assert that the Bank of the U.
States, as at present organised, is perfect, or that the e<
sen ial objects of such an institution might not lie attained
by mean!: of an entirely new one, organized upon propei
principles, and with salutary limitations. It most bo ad
mined, however, that the good management qf toe present
Bank, the accommodation it lias given tl;y Government,
and the practical benefits it has tendered the community_
whether it may or may not have accomplished all that was
expected from it—and the advantages of its present
emid tion, ate circumstances in its favor, entitled to great
weight.and give it strong claims upon die consideration of
Ccogre^s, in any future legislation upon the subject.
lo these ill t y he added the kiicwleilge the present
Bank has acquirer) of the tnisinoss and wants of the
various portions»of this extensive country, which, being
the result of time and experience, is an advantage it must
necessarily possess over any new institution.
It is to ho observed, moreover, that the EtcUilies of
capital Kctualiy afforded by tin present institution to the
agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing industry of
all parts of the Union, could not he wt»b&«vvn oven hy
trausterruig them to another hwtitutinc, without a seven
shock to each of those interests, and to the relations of
society generally.
[ To be Cont nued ]
FORE I« IV.
The New \ ork Mercantile Advertiser states that
the damage done in Nottingham and the neighbour,
hood during the late riots, is estimated at A'60,00(j
sterling.
Asa proof of the general feeling of indignation
which prevails in England against those Lords
who voted against reform, we quote the following
instances, which we find in our late papers. *l’he
Yeomanry Cavalry commanded by Lord Msrshain,
have held a meeting at which a formal resignation
was agreed to—the resolution states ‘that they
cannot, consistently with their duty to themselves
and their country, consent to serve^under a Colonel
who opposed the Reform Bill in the House of
Commons a Lord Lieutenant who is in the major
ity of the House ot Lords, ‘for if tumult arise,
which we sorrowfully anticipate in consequence
o! refusing reform to the people, we should bo be.
lying our political creed should we he called out to
fight against men whose cause we espouse.’
^1 his is language too explicit to he mistaken.
The Salisbury troop of Royal Vyilshire Cavalry
have sent in their resignation in consequence of
Lord Arundel’s vote.
The following document signed by about three
fourths of the First Doncaster troops of the South
ern Regiment of \\ est Riding \ ocmanry Cavalry
has been transmitted to Lord NVarncliff, the com
mander.
“Wo, the undesigned members of tho troops of
\ eomanry Cavalry, with undiminished loyalty to
our gracious Sovereign, with increasing Zealand
auxiety tor the peace, welfare, and happiness of our
country, as staunch advocates for the Reform Bili,
(as passed by the Common’s IIouso of parliament,)
being anxious to continue our services to our coun
try at this fearful crisis of the nation’s atFairs, feci
we cannot consistently continue those services un
der the command of one so diametrically opposed to
our sentiments and tho best interests of our coun
try: We, therefore, respectfully hope that when
your Lordship perceives that you have forfeited
the confidence of your troops, you will also per
ceive the propriety of resigning the command,
that our services, however inefficient, may be
continued under the command of another, whose
sentiments and wishes are more in unision with
our own, as well as with those of the great ma
jority of tho nation.”
Similar memorials arc in course of signature from
the other eleven troops of Lord Wharnclitfe’s regi
ment, namely Wakefield, Pontefract, Barnsley,
two Sheffield, Rothcram, Keavcton, Wentworth,
Hatfield, Tickhill, and Second Doncaster.
These, and other manifestations of opinion by
the brave and generous yeomanry of England, must
speak trumpet tongued to those Lords who have
dared to deny the nation Reform.
Some of the coaches which carried the accounts
ol the rejection «>f the Reform Bill in the Mouse of
Lords to the Provincial towns ol England and
Scotland had a black banner, and on some of those
was inscribed this motto “vengeance to the Lords.”
OUKKENTUCKY LANDS.
J f5 SlilmrrillPr nfTiiPtt liic unruione nnn
-EL drnt proprietors of lands in the States of
Ohio and Kentucky, for the sale thereof, and psy
""'•it of tlio taxes. All letters addressed to him at
Cincinnati, or to John II. I’rico, Esq. of Richmond,
post i\\id, will he duly attended to. Ho refers those
to whom he may he unknown, to
Chief Justice Marshall,
Chapman Johnson,
Charles Copland—and
Sam’l. Myers, Esqrs.
JAMES SOUTHGATE.
P- S.—J. S. will also attend as Attorney at Law
to suits in the Federal Courts at Columbus and
Frankfort. no t!—w4mti
&JOT1CE.—The undersigned is desirous of
i. ^ odjusfing the affairs of his intestate at
speedily as possible, ami tliorofore requests all
persons indebted to his intestate to make pay
ment, as he cannot delay I hr performance ol bit
duties. He also takes this meihod of notifying
all persons having .claims ngaintt his intestate,
on h;s individual account, or as security for any
person or persons whatever, to make known to
him oil such claims w ithout delay. This notice
wid be plead in bar of such claims as shall not
bo made known within a reasonable time.
RICHARD (J SMITH,
Adm’r of Wm. Cunningham, deo'd,
no 17—lnwl2tc 1,ate of Hanover county.
•T###; I7.Vfi.
rg^HL subscriber having roinmcnced pruning
A Ins Vineyard, will have for sale from ibis
time,until the first ol April cuttings from a i nine
rous selection of the most choice Foreign Grape
Vines, (both for wine and table use ) Upwards
of twenty species ef which appear to be admi
rably adapted to tins soil and climate, are thri
ving extremely well, ami hid fair to become an
exceedingly profitable culture. lie will have
for sale a few vines with routs ol one year’s
growth.
The vines or cuttings shall bo label ed and
packed in boxes, in such a manner as to ensure
their safety, and sent to New M.ark<;t on the
James River, or to Lynchburg, where they may
he I irwnrded to any part of this, or the adjoin
ing States with very iutlc expense, and the ul •
in -.-t. car : shall be taken to have them forwarded
as directed—lit: pledges biinseif when the
select ion is left to him to forward none but of
such kinds as thrive well in hi* own vineyard
Tiie cuttings bo will sell at. twenty dollars tin
thousand, or three dollars the hundred, and the
vines with r ;<:ts a* ten dollars the hundred. l)i
rections for planting, Ac. slnil be sent with the
vines.
Orders nml co/nmuniratinns on the su'ject to
be directed to Tye Rover Mills, Rost Offi. e Nel
son County, Virginia, where they w;l! receive
immediate alt-ntu>n.—A catalogue of his vines
may be had on application,
n .v 7 -in-.vr.f. H. BUSHNELL.
r 8^ 11 L CLUB f}<)()K — Being Original 'lairs,
A &c. by various authors, edited bv the
author of “The Dommime’s Lcgncv.” is re
ceived by K D. SANXAY.
msCKM.AAEors.
Maxims ron Mauiuku Ladies—The follow
ing maxims, if pursued, ivil! not only mnka
the men in love with marriage, but cause them
u> be good husbands The lirst is to be good
yourself. To avoid all thoughts ot managing
•i husband. Never t y to deceive or impose on
bis understanding, nor < ive him uneasiness, but
treat him vitli afioeti.itt. sincerity and respect.
Remember that husbands, at best, are only men,
subject like yourselves to error and frailty.
He not too sanguine, tb n before marriage, or
promise yourselves happiness without alloy.
Should yon discev ;r any thing in his humour
«*r behaviour not altogether wlinf you expected
or wish pass it over, smooth your own temper,
an<l try to mend his, by aitcution, cheerfulness,
and good nature- Never reproach him with
misfortunes, which are the accidents and ipfirniL
tics of life—a burden which each has engaged
to as-i.-t ihe other in supporting, and tq wlpch
both parties are e qually exposed—but instpad
of murmuring and roll c’iors, divide the sorrows
between you; make the best of it, and it will he
easier tu both. It is the inuato otliccs of the
softer sex to soothe the troubles of the other,
Resolve every morning to be cheerful all day,
and should any thing occur to break your reso
lution, salfer it not to pul yon out of temper
with your husband. Dispute not with him, be
the occcasi m what it may; but much sooner
deny your own will or gaining the better of an
argument, than ri.-k a quarrel or create a hoart
buri i ig which it is impossible to sec the end of.
Implicit submission in n man to his wife, iq
ever disgraceful to both, but implicit submission
in the wife, is what she promised at the altar,
what the good will revere her for, and what iq
in fact, the greatest honour she can receive.
He assured a wotneu's power, as well ns her
happiness, has no other foundation than her hus
band's esteem and lo\c, which it is her interest
by all possible means, to preserve and increase.
Study therefore, his temper, and ccumnnnd your
own. Enjoy with him satisfaction, share and
soothe his cares, and with the utmost assiduity
conceal lus infirmities.
The heads .of tho sovcral parties opposed to thq
re-election qf General Jackson arc now together a|
Washington. Lot them remember—
“That ancient maxim,
■So rife and celebrated in tho mouth*
■Of wisest men, that to the public good
Private respects must yield.” Milton.
A Specimen of Pennsylvania Farming.—Th^
Easton Cenlinel states that a neighbor, Thoinaq
Sewing, raised off seven acres of land in one year,
the following produce:—“80 bushels of wheat,
100 do. corn; 40 do. buckwheat, 120 do. potatoes^
30 do. turnips, 4 tons hay, 15 loads pumpkinsj
25 weeks pasture for 4 cows.”
It is stated in the Philadelphia U. S. Gazette
that measures are taking among the people of colour,
to raise a sum of money sufficient to erect build
ings, to accommodate such persons as may emi
grate to the colony of free coloured people, at
Wilbcrforce in Upper Canada; and that an agent
is to be sent to England, to solicit assistance foe
carryipg into effect the object of that colony.
A bill has been introduced into the Legislature
of IJIorth Carolina, to raise a fund for the remova}
of free persons of color to Liberia, (proposing to
lay a tax often cents for that purpose on every
black poll in the State.)
Foreign Wool is now shipping from this port to
England, the prices there being better than can b§
procured here, under the present rate of duty.
N. Y. filer. Adv.
A pretty warm contest is going on in Boston for
the Mayoralty. Theodore Lyman and Mr. Well*
are the opposing candidates. It is probable that
the lattor will be elected.
Protection of Domestic Industry.—The Legisla
ture of Tennessee has reduced tliQ license fee on
marrying, to fifty cents a couple. Who’s afraid?
In the year 1457, a proclamation was issued by
Henry the V II.: “that women should net meet to
gether to bahlc apd talk, and thal men should keep
their wives in their own houses,”
Farmers, put wood ashes round the roots o#
your peach trees, and they will safely weather the
winter.
Spain, it is said, has raised a force of 60,000
men, destined for the frontiers of F’rance.
A woman named Taylor has been arrested ia
Fhiladelph on a charge of passing counterfeit bills.
In searching her husband’s lodging rooms a num
ber of plates arid dies usc^ for counterfeiting wera
found.
The amount of duties received at the Custom
House, Boston, for the fiscal year ending Septem
ber 30, was §4.9 .'4,514 24, showing an excess over
the year 1830 of 1,218,072 04. The dutins secured
in October and November amounted to 1,058,520,
showing an excess over the same months of last year
of439,698 dollars.—Com. Gax.
A letter from Wilmingtown, Mass, Dec. 3, says;
—We have had for a week past the severest winter
I have ever experienced at this season of the year;
the snow is six inches deep on the level, and ia
still snowing from tho northeast; the sleighing ia
good. But wc mountaineers have more cold weath
er than you S9 far south.
Important to Underwriters—By the Act of 3^
Edward 1, cap. 4, and 4th of the same King, cap.
2, it is enacted that if a man, a dog, or a cat, epl
cape alive out of any ship, such ship shall not be
deemed a wreck. Un the Gth of December, 1824,
the ship Dart, of Sunderland drifted into Porta
mouth without a soul on hoard; a live cat however,
being found in (Tie cabin, the vessel escaped becom
ing a droit of the Admiralty, and was given in
charge of the Sheriff, to he deliverod to the own
ers.—London Paper.
Five wolves and several bears have been recent
ly taken, near Andover, in Maine; having commit
ted great havoc among the. sheep.
Louisiana.—The Legislature of Louisiana has
adjourned, after a very short session. An nci
was passed, the object of which is to prevent the
domestic slave trade of.ihe United Sinses. It pro
hibits tho importation ,of slaves into tjiat.State,
sale. Every person emigrating thither, ,m Allowed
to take with him all the .slaves actuallyibolonging
to him at.the tune, for his own use and benefit; but
he is .not allowed to sail or dispose of any of
them, for the space of five years. Any citizen ef
the State, is allowed ip like manner to bring any
sls\vo,or slaves into the StAe which he may have
purchased for his own use, in good faith, provided
that the slave he not purchased in the States of
Mississippi, of Alabama, or in tho territory of
.Arkansas, or in Florida. But he will not b»
allowed to sell or transfer any slave so purchased
without the State, for the space of five years. Tho
penalty for each infraction of the law, is a fine of
from 500 to $1000, and the freedom of the place.
Bai-timore, Dec. 9.
1 F1EATRE —Mr. Kean and JVlr. Booth ha
ving been announced lo perform together in
the putts of Othello and 1 ago, drew a conside
rable concourse to the I lolliday street Theatre
last evening. Just bofoie the risii.g of the
curtain, however, the Manager came forward
ur,d announced tie- violation of the engagement
by the non-appearance of Mr. Booth, and read n
■'ho.t note from him. staling in substance, ns we
are ii firmed, that he could not appear till after
the 1 Vh ifi.-t. Tim, to the audience, v. as a sore
; disappointment, but the part of Tago was very
well sustained by Mr. Archer, who undertook ;*
at a moment's warning. Mr. Kean did his best
arid sustained the part of Othello with distin
guished success. As to Mr. Booth, unless he
can fnl y and satisfactorily account for his con
duct on the occasion, we should hope his ser
vices will be dispensed with altogether firr th®
future. * *
f HIM KATUE TICKETS tor sole at the Book
jB. Store uf