Constitutional Whig. [volume], January 19, 1832, Image 2

About Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832

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Hn-sara: aw - v i
The WFai&v
CO WTIONS.
APit'-'KlAI..
TV» the Cnntul \ \$ri"i>li/ t;f' the Cunt inon wealth if;
i'.r-j in-ii.
Tin; I* dinji • !’ the undersigned, eiti/.i-im j
Rid.mend, i:n> i respectfully represents_That, |
nniong the various ami important propositions, fur1
opening sn w and extending ned improvin'' i-.-ti.
blidicd ..Is of • oinmiini.- atom throughout ti .
Stale, to waicli the deep and pervading intci'M
now every where m milosted on tho •id*jm-t of In.
tenial Improvement lias given ri.,c. tic ie i* otic,
whi> |., although heretofore often alluded to, m,,!
sometimes made the object of l.gislativr attention,
is inferior in importance to few upon which pub
bo patronage has been bestowed, and for which
your petitioners now earnestly ask the deli!.crate
consideration of the tumoral Assemble.
'Pic obstructions to the navigation of the Rower
Janu s River, has been for years matter <>t deep re.
grot, and constitute almost itistirnmun*able harri
vs to sucoessfd commercial operation*.
While in < very pursuit in lili-. ihu motive to ex.
ert-.iii in iii.lv depends on a perfect protection to
th» individual from all restraint in the proper no.
plication of his energies; there is rone, on which
restrictions, trammels. delays, and heavy char"vs,
operate more imperiously Ilian on commerce._
Titcs1 bring, however tardily, yet surely, in their
train, absolute destruction. The trade may, fora
*******, linger o.i; individuals ol eapilaj and energy,
intelligence and enterprise, may overcome inaYiv
diti. ult ies, ai'd press on for a period; hut, nil expo,
rieiire l\;is proved, an ! will eontitme to prove. Unit
cap.till, intelligence, and entetpri/.e, will seek that
tlic.itru tor action, in commercial pursuits, where
tin* r;s!« and dinger, and charge, iy the Last, and
-Mi>* profit the greatest.
i 11*.*st• truilis i r applied lo t!i(* present condi
(*i t° • trade and commerce <d' Lower Junes
Rivet; atiil the blindest must perceive, that, f Vir
ginindocs not ntind to make her merchants, one
and alt, the mere rot ad traders for Northern capi
talists and inij ’Tiers, snitio speedy and effectual
measure, should he adopted lor the removal of thu
oh-l roe* ions to tlie navigation of this Ui.er.
I,»e\ consist, p’.ocipillv, of two liars, one less
than mur iniies helovv the ettv of Richmond, and
neat to \ .irwie' : the other about six or -even miles
below < dy I unit, and known as Ii 11 lison’s liar.—
1 lie prinei| al articles of'oreign cmiuncrjo shipped
. i om Isiehinond are, tobacco, llottr, and cotton,—
' two Ii: -d are, l»y htr, t'10 most important in
itity and value, ft is a rare circuit st meet for
(•', hound to a foreign port, to till up | cr
cargo m the port of Richmond—for such
•' T'rc i not an adequate draft of water to
- out ol tlie port, fully laden. r|'he eonsc
' 1'• that they are under the necessity cifta
. tite.r argues below N\ arwirk Mir. and ma.
1 below Harrison's Ihir. In the former
V are laden about four miles, and in the
• out Inly miles, below the port limn whence
- . produce i- t.ikcn. Tito like condition of tilings
< .:-is in relation to the inward cargoes. Goods,
"'The finest and most delicate character, imported
L’utn abroad, are transshipped into lighters, and
i<-.cn exposed to tlie most inclement weather, ami
transported for a distance of sixty miles, to their
consignees. Mu' lor the obstructions rotor red to,
the imported cargo would he delivered, and toe ex
ported cargo received, in the port of Richmond.—
1 hero would he nothing to prevent a ship taking
in her cargo at Rocketts, and sailing directlv,
witli a!! her cre-.v, s', res, and equipments, to any,
tlie most distant port.
ft is due, however, to tho General Assembly,
tli it the evils, embarrassments, and difdctiliies, re.
filling to the commerce of our city, from tlm cause
alluded to, should ho more minutely detailed, tho
tnoi'e clearly to deino.i -irate the lieavv, and almost
intolerable, hardships to wlt.cli our merchants arc
subject.
A trade pursued as that on the lower Janies Ri
ver, must necessarily lie, is lardy in its course, and
cannot ho hastened. Dispatch and speed in com
inercial operations, is often of the first importance
A week or a month lost, frequently defeats tin
modi, jitdi-ions plans and efforts in .i commercial
speculation, and oiien ruins t.lio cnVvrpviziug mer
chant—at Ii>.:~» om: fortnight would ho saved ii
1 -ai’.itg a ship, by having her lying at tlie pnr
whence her cargo is taken. ‘ The charges upon the
tr-ido ii. the lor.ii of craflnge ami insurance, an
enormous, in the year ending October 1st, 1 s;t 1
the n rail age on foreign exports of Tobacco, Flour
rml Colton, and Imports of Merchant! t j, to an
lrout tin- Port of Richmond, amounted to the sum
of »S-\-‘>7d. This result is ascertain-.I from th.
< usloui House Rooks, and is constituted of tho i- ,
lowing items :—
Tobacco &. -Stems—21,000 hl.ds.it 7.1c. $1S,0-10 0:
Flour, 107,(if? hl.ls f> /».3S3 3.
Got ton, I,-ItlO tides 31 1,‘IJO III
Balt in sacks, 2f),7;">3 sacks 7 l.-;?2 7
Oilier merchandize at least 2,Odd 0'
#28,57t» lu
i o tins 'hon'd ho lidded tho increased insurnnei
f«»r tne river risk ol j per eetil, arising from tin
condition of its trade. The exports of the Iasi
X'ear amounted to about #2,800,OU0, and the inse.
rain t! ;it the above rate on this .amount, is #7,0Uf)
v.! ic11 added to the er.iH.ige. produces #3o,o7f5 0(5.
This is the actual ii;«noy tax levied in the form ol
fra ft age anil insurance, which is paid by the mer
chants « f Ri o.niond, engaged in forenneommerce,
upon I he ^objects of that commerce. Tie incon
vcn- »<ce to every consignee or mcrchmt engaged
i,. flic trude, and the loss of time, and the expense
o! pausing down the river frequently to attend tlie
loading or unloading ,,f a s),:.p, ar(. „p sp, i„,ls Con_
i qttcnec. T|„. |S(-nl*!i and lives also, of all rim*,
ged m || trade, are frequently put i > peril. Where
n dup has in our summer or autumnal months, to
remain for weeks, in the Lower James River, with
her crow, Miipigcci i;i receiving ;i cargo of heavy
produce, tardily delivered, and subjecting them to
much labor nud exposure; it frequently results in
disc ISC to the mariners and officers of !he most se
rious and otten latul character, while ihev are re
/ moved from prompt medical aid, and those com.
torts required for I he diseased.
>uc!i are some of the most prominent and de
structive difficulties under which the languishing
foreign trade of our city iias tor years labored.
hackled and surrounded by them, it is more re.
in a i k n hi", that any remnant of it should continue,
ti.iin that so little remains. I no coniinuic.g enter*
prize ol some of our merchants, has so far retain*
f«. for us a small slv.ru of that commerce which,
passing our very doors, is seeking another cilv,
A here it may he aided an I cherished by more pro.
pitimis circumstances, unrestrained he the it.ipedi.
merits, charges, and inconveniences,Which embar.
r.iss and perplex it here.
Ali that vour petitioners have urged however, *o
>!,• I. r.il Assembly, o:i this subject, is totally
u*"levs, unless it can he demonstrated, that the oil.
ructions can bo removed at. a reasonable cr<u.
r years past, this has been a subject of particu
i1 mmntion and enquiry. The first Ihiginecr
de engaged, Mr. 11 ildwin,) has left on f,'f.
. ■ ii.'J nfiic j of the Hoard of Public Works, tbi
of his examination of the practicability and I
' • •bo Work, and the present Lngincer, ,'Mr
•t ha - made a more general and pirliruhir
. iry into the same suhji el; nud his report nuinj. .
■ -ts most strongly, the great mine of tho under- i
I king, and its entire practicability, T.» these do
c'i-o- n: . your petitioners beg leave respeci fully, to j
V'.:; i* lie attention of the General Assembly. (•„„ 1
t-ol i ng the gr it and inappreciable advantage,.'
w !u m v on hi ensue .to the commerce of Richmond,
ffd as t necessary cocscqitcnce to tim State, it!
i .ay Le safely asserted, that the cost of removing
’ '*sc ohslructions, is incon. iderable indeed. l’r ic
• if d men, accuslomed to such works, and acquaint,
fd with tliu character and extent of the obstruct
ions in qucf* ;<ui, li ivc gener illy united m cstima
ting the cost ai t sum not exceeding one hundred
t lions ind (toll irs.
•Should it tie the pieavurc of the General Assem
bly yield to the earnest prayer of your petition
cr». to execute this work it tn« cost of the State,
a moderate tariff of tolls, would constitute u cm
fr’ tho b« at inrosliutniv »hc hn» c»er mad a- A# al
ready remarked, tho foicign Ttado the river is I
miiijvct to an annual eh irge of inoro than fcdj.(llll). '
lly giving it those facilities anJ ml vantages which
would How from mi o is\ and uninterrupted access
to Richmond, it would he vastly more aide to beat j
’ .ns ta and even to prosper under its exaction.— i
!> it tin-re would he no necessity for so heavy "
eontr'hiition, and by dunishing tlio amount to the
•I'll o, Xgll.OOH. I he trad” would ho relieved of nil
..tine i' i Huge ot is 1 a,1)00, while tho Slate would
i.o hr 'iving twenty per cent, per annum on tho u
:11«.:11* expended; a run fully adequate for al. time
eonte, to keep I lie works in repair, the N'avigi.
■ n Ij'i-e »ml open, ami have more than six per
rent, interest mi her investment. Nor dues it
to your petitioners, ill it t he t'.mi we all ll
•■ 'L* I to je.y on any other »i I, than her own re*
eon 11 « s lor tun exociilion of this work. ll eon.
sttlhtes m e of llie great highways into tho heart
ofthe Mate; passing her capital and watering the
richest portion of her domain. The importance of
retaining the absolute control md authority over
this important wati r course, must be strikingly ob
vious. Whether tho I,egi-lati.ro could authorize
| by charier, a eoninany to do this work. • ;..i to lew
, I collect lolls \v i.limit (lie eoils.-iu ot t!,o Congress
| ot • he I’nitrd States, is a question about which
j then; is much doubt, and without such consent,
1 tew individuals would be disposed to adventure
' there means. 1 or other Matos, large appropria
tions, lor ron ovmg like obstructions, have from
time to time b’ v inai c by the General Govern
nnmt; and the beneficial cliucts to otiicr oiii-w and
towns practically demonstrated; ycur petitioners,
however, are not prepared to enter into the discus*
sion of the propriety ot looking abroad for aid to
accomplish tint which at home we have the ample
means ot t-Hccling. These urn enquiries, which
they checrl'ullv submit to the General Assembly,
satisfied that they will be judiciously uud wisely
sol veil.
I his work onco accomplished, let the enquiring
mind look into the fu 1ure a ml esl imato its blessings
to our city, foreign ships which now receivu tlto
heavy anti bulky produce of tho country tiflv miles
*'rom this port, will be brought to the city, nnr!
take it from our wharves. Speed anil certainty,
activity and life will he given to our commerce.—
It will shake oil its present slothful movements,
ttmo will he saved ill loading our shipping —so
much o* it indeed will he saved, that some ofthe
most experienced and oldest Captains trading to
tho river do not hesitate to declare, that it wi 1 en
able i very vessel to load at Richmond, and he tmv.
I f*cl tf» Hampton lvonds, by a strain boat, cheaper
j than the present mode oP taking in their cargoes,
| 1 hr merehunt can know, almost the very hour at
I "j11it'll his ship will leave the Capes of Virginia,
j No disastrous delays, to which others are not
j equally suYcet, will attend his eoiuiuerei tl ciiorts.
j lie may cuter 'airly into competition, upon equal
terms, wit h l he merchants of other American cities,
j Cur trade which is now carried on circuitously
i and vet prohtahly, by trails'* >rting our produce in
| collating ves-.els, to our northern cities, thence to
he exported to foreign markets, will become a di
reel trade, carried on hy cur own citizens, and all
<>l itr. profits, and .a'l of its advintag-s and lilcss.
i itigs centering i:i Virginia. The lurivv and un
j just tax now levied in the form of erattago an i
' in urance, amounting ammul’v to fs3."i » VI at tint
1 1 '.ait, wii'i In* greatly diminished: and the. merchant
j can hy all these facilities, advantages, and reliefs,
! afford to give the firmer or planter hotter prices for
i his produce; tor the Richmond merchant, will then
i lie elevated from the mere retailer of tlie whole.
. sale merchant of Nc.v N orl , Huston, H'lltiuiori*,
; !l"d i liilauelpl:ia, to the exporting and wholesale
merchant of Richmond.
1 ne annoyance, inconvenience, and expense
attending the loading or unloadin r of the shipping
down llio river will he avoided. The stores of all
, * crews of < he ships trading to our rivar w ill he
j procured in tiiis city; and your petitioners have the
; authority of one of the i;-.os- intelligent, and expo.
I rieneed captains, who has liccn in tlin Richmond
■ tratio lor many years, for the assertion, that tho
I probable sum which will |>o thus expended, will
. not be less than & 130,000 per annum, and to the
, crews of our shipping, how greatly advantageous
1 will this improvement be? It will bring them to
a sale liar, or, and a healthy City, where, they will
j he secure from the di teases of the climate below,
arid wliero prninp* assistance, and ample medical
I aid can lie obtained ((,r them in the ev.'iu of sick
ness; the lives of nnny valuable mariners will he
1 preserved for future usefulness to their conn
try.
Deeply convinced tint i« every n«pc-f, in which
this subject can he viewed, it vvill hut .e-quiro the
mora importance; satisfied, that it is a work, wnr
I thy tor its accomplishment, of tlie vigorous efforts of
he .'late; believing that when done, t he commerce
•i ■!. prosperity of our ( ily, and of the country
irailing to it, will bo much advanced and placed in
, 1 condition of prosperity heretofore unknown;
■ \ve most earnestly „.--k tlie consideration of the
( ,1Vr,‘1 ^''so,v'hly to the renrcxi'iitationK contained
te-ri in; and tint some measure may he adopted in
relation thereto, wl»i-h their acknowledged puhlit
t pirit, prudencs aa.l patriotism may dictate.
Mrssns. IYfasants *N Abijott:
! _ As .-overal pieces have appeared in vonr paper
tavorahlo to Anti.Masonry, several of veur sub.
scribers will bo pleased to see inserted the piece
accompanying this.
TO TI1K pcm.ic.
U'iii'-* the public r.iind remained in the high
slate of excite.ucnl to which it bad l.eei. carried
by ilie offences eoinmittod by a few rnismiidcd
members of I be Masonic Institution, jn a”sisior
. State; it seemed to Ilio uiidcr.-igncd [resident* of
Host911 and vicinity] to bo expedient to refrain
fro,,, a public declaration of their principles nr on
; gagmnents as masons. I*, it, l.elieviii" tho timo
| m,w "* he fully com.-, when their fellow citizen*
j will receive with candor, it not with satisfaction
! M'lf'nn and unequivocal denial oil he allemat ions’
! which during the last 5 years, in co„.*r q„onee „j
I their connexion with the Masonic Fraternity |nvC
I been reiterated against them, they respectfully’
i usk permission to invito nttcnlmn to the stibioino !
declaration. j
Whereas, it has been frequently asserted and
published to the world, that in the s -ver.ll decree*
of Freemasonry, as they are conferred j„ (|,r (j
Mates, the candidate, on his initiation and subs-.’
, quent advancement, hinds himself by „aih to *„.*
f ti,,n his masonic brethren in acts which are at Va.
jrnncovvilh the fuudamnntal principle* of nionl!1
i ''-Vn; >"compatible with their duty ns good and i
: faithtul citizens; .n justice therefore to themselves
; and with a view to establish truth and exnose im’.
! ,'“s^r,n'<. the undesigned recipient* ofcverv decree
01 r rer masonry known and <irknowIcdc„d' lull.i d
! country, do mtmt solemnly deny the existence of1
any such obligations in the Masonic liidiln'i.in
so fir ns our knowledge respectively extend* i
we so'nrnnly aver ll.a', no person' is admitted to
the Institution without first being made acquaint
eduith the nature of the obligations, which |,u w;;|
be required to ineur and assume.
Freemasonry secures its rnembers in tho free
doni of thought and of speech, an I permits each
and every one to a t nceo ding t„ t]," dictate.* of
bis own conscience in matters ..f religion, and of
h s personal preference in matters of politic, p
licitber knows, nor does it assume #0 infli q „.,nn
1 seri ing memfiors, however wide may he their a' rr.
rations from duty, any pe;,allies or puuishmenls,
oilier than thoso of admonition, suspension, and
expulsion.
T e obligations of the Inal ilulion require r,f it* !
member* a slric*. obedience to thu buys of fJod and |
N.iu. Hu far from being h< nnd !.y any engage,
nicnts ineonsis'eut r. iih tho happiness and pro*. I
p-Ti'y of the Nat on, evyry citizen who becomes a 1
mason is doubly bound to Lc trut* to his fJon, to hi*
fyintri/, and to his fr'Anw.mr.n. Tu tlie language!
• t the “Ancient (V>m titnf ion.**’ of the <>r,lrr
vl-icd: r" printed and op^n for publ,,. insm-edim,'
ind which ir.i used as t» xt hooks in a!! the Lodges,
“lie is required to keep and obey the Mo’rw
L\w; to he a quiet and moral citizen: true to his
government and ju*t to hi* country,”
Mi«onry disdains the making of prerelv es.
r-he open* the portals of her asylum to those only,
who seek admission, «lth*ho recommendation of
a character unspotted bv immorality npd vice.
M10 limp’v requires of the i»jmlidn*o his assent to '
one jrvont fundamental religious truth—the oxitl
euc'. mill piv. idonco ot Cod; mid u practical oc
knowlodgment of those iufallihle doctrines lor tlu*
government oflifo, which are written by tlio fin.
gor of (•*><!, on the heart of Man.
Kii'e-tuiiiingstieh soul intents ns masons, as ci.
ti’.ons, as Christians and as moral men, and deep
ly impressed wit ii the convie turn that the Masonic
Institution has been and may continue to he pro.
dnetive of great good t.i their fellow.men, and ha
ving ‘ received tin* laws of the society, and its nc
<unmlated funds, in sacred trust for chnritalde use.”
tin* undersigned can neither renounce or abandon
i'-—We most cordially unite with wir brethren of
.''ilcui and vicinity, in tho declaration and hope
that, “should the people of this country become
so i lif.iliiatcd as to deprive Masons of their civil
lights, in violation of their written constitutions,
and the wholesome spirit of just laws and free
governments, a vast majority of t|10 fraternity,
will still remain firm confiding in God and tho roc
titudo of their intentions, for consolation, under
I the trials to which they may he exposed.”
Here follow the names of over eleven handred
\ persons.]
Among tho Boston signers, wo notice, snvs tho
•h.ston Gazette, the names of gentlemen who have
long lav ri distinguished for their piety and inlelli.
geuee, wealth, Imnestv, public spirit, and all the
virtues which adorn the Christian character—!i\v.
; vers merchants, t raders and mechanics, who have
much at stake in the community, and who, it if
i not too inucli to say, would never lend their name*
to sustain an institution, the influence of which
1 wan of a uti'«:!»:cYO>t« character.
■vacsue.1 ii. tn-riw i i 11 i ■ i i
y-oKEiciy.
from the ^taf tonal Gazette of January 13.
^ " l,;,v<5 received tlio London Morning (Jhnm
icle to tlio 23.1 of November, inclusive, and th«
I .iris Journal des Dohats down to the same date,
l he multiplication ot the instances of C'holers in
Lngluml—the. creation ot thirty-six peers fur life,
>y tho king of France, in order to secure the odop.
tion ot 'lie law tor abolishing the hereditary peer
n?,'o—and tho continued refusal of the king of
I llolbind, to accept tho terms oresrrihod hy tho
five Powers, to which Belgium ,ias acceded—aro
lh» principal new events. But tho main intoresl
oi Luropean i tiairs lies in the general confusion
j and disipiiotudo—the uncertainty of all nrrango
inents—t!:o critical character of tlio prevailing
. discussions and proposed measures—tho precari
ousness ol institutions, the dismay occasioned
bv political agitations and epidemical disease.
I ho creation o! peers was violently condemned
by tlio anti-ministerial papers, mid approved by
I two only ol the chief ministerial. According to
tn" ./(ini‘ti7/ tin t otnmerer it was rcceivod in tho
Chamber of Deputies thus—
1 ••real Agitation prevailed in that body. Many
I ol the !>enclicv remained omptv during part of
I the sitting. A limit a hundred Deputies, among
oaoin were many who voted habitual'v with the
Ministry, ns •oinbted in the office of tho fourth
Stand'ng ( oininitlee, to dchliorutc on tlie steps
to he taken in order to secure the rights anJ tligni
ty ol the chamber. I irst, it was proposed to draw
I up immediately an address to tho King, and lay
it on the table during the sitting. Afterwards, it
was decided t hat no hasty steps should he taken,
aiula fommitieo should be appointed to draw up
'.lie address. ! his committee is composed of nine
me *i 'rtv ;— u'ssrr Odilon Barret, Cor'ncoin, Du.
'"'i*, (of Loire InlVrieuro) Dupont do 1’Lure, Mnu.
gain, Merilhoti, do Sude, Sulvcrte, and do Tracy,
j Anot her meeting was fixed upon for the definitive
: arrangement of the address.”
I lie London Morning Chronicle of the 23d con.
tains a letter of O. P. Q. from Paris, dated No
tcm.ici 19th, and headed with these lines—
“ I he Lourhons and tho descendants of Napoleon
are to he banished;—Poland is to ho incorpora,
ted with Russia—M. Casimer Pcricr is to
propose that Franco shall disarm.” Tho
wr.ter says.—“ I am obliged to stato that tho Na
, I1‘dean party in Franco is most formidable. Louis
, Phdippo nud his minister* aro a vast deal morn
afraid ot tlio Duke ot Reichsladt than they arc ol
tho Duke of Bourdcaux. • lstria has refused to
avow what her intentions aro with regard to the
sou of Napolcau. There aro sixty-nine Napolo
.musts in the (’hamher of Deputies.” We antjej
some articles from the latest number of the Citron
! icle.
‘•Wa yesterday prepared our readers for a Pro
elamation on the subject of Political Unions.—
, Wo have elsewhere inserted a letter from some ol
; t’,r> members of tlio National Union, written in
order to remova tho misconception that tho Pro.
elamation applies to them. Wo need not inform
! ,,,,r rentiers I hat a Proclamation docs not make the
l.iw, hut merely warns tho people, in cases in
which it lias been violated, from inadvertence oi
otherwise, that tho violation, if persisted in, will
'lead to prosecution.
4*v>u have already observed, that Political
''"i°ns will die of themselves when tho lie form
Bdl lies scoured the people against the Oligarchy.
’ V:;l then they will he continued, and they ought
! to lie continued, but under such forms as aro
i strictly accordant with the Uw. The ohjoct of tho
j i irons is not to oppose i!i<; present .Ministry, hut
, to destroy tho hopes of those who might, by the
removal of tho present Ministry, seek to effect
their guilty purpose at the expense of a nation's
hopes. The Ant i-Reformers have caused tho
Enions; 'lie triumph of Reform will put an end to
,:»em. Nothing less powerful than the fear of
convulsion con Id induce a people so immersed in
‘‘!,'ir own pr.v ite pursuits as tho English, to cm.
harr.iss Ihems Ives with the additional fatigue at
tendant on Enions
“ I o unite for effecting a political ohjoct may or
tn.iy not ho illegal, uncording to the mode of uni
ting. Jt is, however, quite clear, that all which
any man can reasonably propose to himself by
union iirty l»c cflbcled without the violation of any
law. !<'•!, therefore, those who arc anxious to
unite wit limit notation of flic law, look narrowly
into the Rules of the Association, in order to re
nounce whatever is illegal.
“Wo are in the moist of agitation; nnd till all
uncertainty as to the tuturo is at an end, must con
tinue agitated. When men arc agitated, they are,
of course, apprehensive of evil; and it is l»v union
aione that they can host obtain what is beneficial,
ami ward oil' what is evil.”
The Ni'w York Evening Post says—
“ i he article of news which requires the first
motif inn at our hands is, that on the 22-1 Novo in
l-er the American ship Othello sailed from Havre
with twenty two millions of francs on board—tho
sum due from Franco to our government.'*
The New York American—
“The paragraph in the Daily Advertiser of this
morning, importing that the ship Othello sailed
tro n II ivro on the 221 November, having on hoard
twenty.two millions of francs, in satisfaction of
\moriean claims, must bn inaccurate, because tho
treaty slipulr.'iug: the condition* of ibis indemnity
is not yet ratified; and, moreover, because five
yrnn arc allowed for its payment."
Wo find the following paragraph in the French
papers, dated Toulon, Dili Nov.
“Tho American corvette which has 'icon for some
hv» in our port, Ins taken on board nearly the
hot - oi ilte 25 mil,ions which France pays to the
Exited States, according to the last treaty between
the two Powers.*’
Also, date tho 15th.
“Tim A-ncric wi corvette the Othello ha* tailed
with tha twenty.five millions on hoard "
FRANCE.
[from the M'tnitrur of 21*/ Not cm her A
By an ordnnnanee of the 1 lit It Nov. counter !
signed by M. Cusimir Perier, President of the)
< "iincil. Minister of tho Interior, the following are i
elevated to * he dignity of Peers of France:
The Count d’Aubusson do J/ifeiiille, the Duke
de Bi'.vinn, the Prince do Btauves, the Mar-;
qois dc Bizcinnnt, Count de Body, Eieut. Crn.
fount Cnffirelli, V seomit de Cassini. I.ieut, Gen
fount do fossae, Birnn Cuvier, I.ieut. Gen.
Fount Danihotinrd, Baron John Charles Davillicr
I-i-ut. Gen. fount Droust, I.ieut. Gen. Count M
Dumas, Vice Vhnirul Count Erncrian, I.ieut. Gen.
Fount d’Erlon. I,tent. Gee. Count F.xtltman,
Lleui. Gon. Count do Fluhaut, Cmiut Fruncais, ('of
•Nunten,) Count Fernand F >y, Lieut. Gen. Count
Gazin, Count Gilbert do Voisins, i>nkc ilc Gra
mont Caderousse, Vice Aduiirnl Jueob, l.icut. Gun.
Count Alex, do Lirocli Foucnuld, Major Gen. do
Lascours, President Lcpoitcvin, Prince ile l.i Mos.
j cotvii, Lieut. Gen. Count Pajol, Count Porregnnx,
j Lieut. Gen. Viscount Rcgniat, Lieut. Gen. Count
j Koi'uet, Lieut. Gon. Count Philip ile Segur, Lieut.
! Gen. t'ount ilo St. Sulpice, Count do Turenne.
My nn ordonnance of the 19th Docotuber, Lietilc
j nnnt t.eneral Grouchy is raised to the dignity of
Marshal of France honorttire.
Chamber of I’errs—Silting of Nov. 21.—The Pre
sident informed the Chamber that ho had received n
i Hoval Ordonnance, nominating 3(> nc»v Peers; and
I added, that ns the (trilonnuncc contained no special
j directions as to conditions of admission, the Chant,
her had only to he satisfied n» to the nge and nn.
lionality of the new Peers, and for that purpose to
nominate a Committee to examine the certilient-s
of birth of such of the Peers as had forwarded tt>cm
to him, which was accordingly done.
« E‘] A' 3', HS A iz AE3 M 25 2„ A".
HOUSE OF DELEGATES,
Debate on Mr. Goode's Resolution to
discharge the Select Committee ami
Mr. Randolph's Substitute thereto.
[coXTINCtP.]
!Speech of Mr. RIVES, in support of
Mr. Randolph’s substitute, proposing to submit
j to the qualified voters, a plan for gradual relief
from the evils of slavery.
Mr. Rl\ KS said, that he hoped he participated,
with othurs, in a just appreciation of the unusual
importance of the subject under consideration—
that however ho saw n:* occasion for excitement,
ami should endeavor not to add to any that might
exist. He would consider any thing said or done
on this delicate subject, calculated to augment the
strong feeling always morn or less attendant on its
investigation, as equally uncalled forand unhappy.
But that h« had strong hopes, that, as tho debate
progressed, gentlemen would find there was no
thing to arouse or alarm, tho* much to invite a se
rious investigation and sternly attention. The
consideration of an important subject would not
bn less satisfactory, nor the support of a proposi
sition in relation to it lers efficient, if firmness and
perseverance be attended with moderation ami dis
crct ion.
Before lm went into an investigation of the me
rits ot the questions pending, ho thought it would
bo useful to recall to recollection the several steps
already taken. On tho second or third day of the
scsssion, when the members were 1’rosh from the
people. the House had raised a Select Committee
on \ arious points connected with our colored pop.
illation. In a few days after that, petitions from
ci jy.cns of Hanover and from the Society of
l' riends had been presented, praying that men.
surcs might ho taken for the gradual diminution
and ultimate removal of the evils of slavery from
this Commonwealth: to the reference of' those
petitions the gentleman from Mecklenburg, (Mr.
Goode,) objected, moved that they should be reject
cd instantcr, and tho House hy a grave decision,
(the nyes and lines being called for,) rejected tho
motion and ordered the reference of the petitions to
the Select Committee, for its consideration. On
subsequent days, other petitions of like character
had been presented and referred; and tin: House
bad ordered llio enlargement of the number of
tie! Committee. Tliat Committee bad not vet
reported on these petition*, and it was understood
hid not acted on them, when the gentlem n sub.
mitted his resolution to discharge the Committee
from their further consideration: to which, the rc
solu'.ion of the gentleman from Albemarle, (Mr.
Randolph,) hud been offered ns a substitute; and
both those resolutions are now under consideration.
I ho resolution of the gentleman from Mecklen
burg was objectionable, as it sought to change the
decision of tho House before the Committee
hail acted; but it was mere objectionable, as it
brought the entire subject of slavery under discus
sion, without limit or plan; and v/n« therefore like
ly to lead to that sort of unprofitable discussion
which was taken up more with crimination and re
orimiiivt ion, charges oi enthusiasm and fanaticism
on the one hand, and inhmanily, cruelty and im
policy on tho other—than in grave and sohei rea
soning and argument From these objections, the
substitute was free; it was in conformity with llio
past decisions of the House, it brought to the
view of the Committee a particular plan, without
excluding the consideration of other j Ians, nml
was wed calculated to narrow the disccSMon hero
to a single point, to wit: the expediency of consult,
ing the qualified voters of Virginia, ns to llio adop
tion or rejection of the plan indicated. It did not
propose that the Committee or the House should
take tho responsibility of deciding finally on the
subject, without consulting the people—but it pro.
posed the inquiry, whether tho wishes of tho qua.
lifted voters, on the plan mentioned, should boas,
certaincd at tho polls, in order that our successors,
Members of tho next Assembly, should know their
wishes, and knowing, obey them.
i uc |>ian indicated in Uic substitute, hy which to
accomplish the great object of diminishing and
ultimately getting rid of tho evils of slavery, ap.
poured to he so plain and simple that all might un.
derstand it—it was altogether prospective in its
operation, and M as “solidly practical.” It was the
p an of one ot the wisest men—most profound and
experienced statesmen—most d> voted and useful
patriots, and greatest public benefactors that ever
lived in this or any other country, in this or any
ollmr age. It was the plan of the late Thomas
.letPerson. And it was hazarding little to pro.
iii< l, llint it would add to a fame deemed hy many
already immeasurable—would do what the poet
pronounced “excess,” added another line to tho
rainbow.” .Speaking as a Virginian, Mr. II said,
that he would rather have tho fame with posterity
arising from this than from all the other "rent acts
of that great man’s life. And he thanked the en
lightened people of Albemarle for uffording an
opportunity to have it proved to the world, that
the illustrious example constantly before them, had
Men appreciated hy his descendants, and that
they were now walking in his footsteps. What
was that plan? It was, with the approbation
of the people, to declare by law, that from and
after the III. July, |8ft), all the children of female
slaves, born in Virginia, should (the males nt 21
and females at 18) bocom- public property, if ,!«
tninrd by their owners in the State until' they ar
! r’vcd at those ages respectively—and be hired r.nt
until (be nett sum was sufficient to defray the ex
pense of removal to :i foreign country. How would
such law operate, if the people decide in favour of
its passagn? All slaves now in existence would
be slaves for life—all those horn before ih« 4th of
July. 1840; would he slaves for life—nil those born
after 4th July 18 lb, would remain the property of
the owners of their mothers, until the males arrir
ed to 21 years, and the females to 18, so n, to r„.
numerate for the expense of raising him; hut if
their owners send them out of the Slate, they may
detain them there as slaves, or veil them there and
pul'.he. money in their packets. If their owners will
not send t hem off be fore they arrive at the respective
ages before mentioned, then at those aims tlmv will
become public property, and be hired out to raise
money enough to bear their expenses to a foreign
country. It would therefore bo 18 years after 4th
July 18 |0, before any female could 'become public
property under this law, and 21 years after before
any male could: so that it would bn more than 26
years from this time before the law would operate
in a single ease; and after its operation commenc
ed, the process would be regular and gradual. As
slave-labor rpiietly and slowly disappeared, its place
would he supplied by free labour: there would be
no sudden transition from one condition to another;
no interruption of any pursuit or business of son- I
cty, and no deprivation in the community of one
description of labor, without making preparation !
tor. and affording an opportunity to, the supply of I
its place hy labor much more valuable and dcaira- ]
hie.
He was particularly pleased with those feature,
of flic substitute « hicb, consulting the people first.
b rough* to public view n plan fW the gradual re
but at tlu-good |.cople oltliia Commonwealth from
tbe terrible evils of slavery, by a niuusnro wholly
prospective in its operation; furnishing reasojia.
Ide notice beforehand that such system*’would bo
introduced; whoso opi-ratio-. would bo impercepti
ble, gradual, and ultimately oflicicnt; which allow,
ed the owner of the mother to enjoy tin- proceeds
of the labour of the child until remunerated tor
raising it; allowed six and twenty years for the
owners or slaves to send them oil' to other States
and retain them there as slaves, or sell them and
pocket the money; allowed any of the increuso to
; he sent otf before they arrived at the ages mention.
| ed; afforded opportunity for I ho introduction of
tree labor, as slavery gradually disappeared; which
I di»l not turn them as they got to til and IS years
ot age, loose on society to become vagabonds and
nuisances, but retaining thorn still under control
and discipline until the proceeds of their hire was
! sufficient to defray the expense of their removal;
and thus relieved the community from all appre
hensions of be ng infested with idle, vicious and
worthless free negroes, mid of having to he Imr- I
tiieiied with the expense ofsending them oil’. This
phtu had received from him a serious, close and
| dispassionate examination—he hud endeavored to
I view it in all its hearings—it met with his decided
; approbation—und though as a public man, re-I
| strained bv the fetters which justly bind a repre
sentative, he would not adopt the pkn final'v,
without having first obtained the approbation and I
I sanction of the people; yet when remitted to the I
I tree om of a private man and individual citizen, lie
j s.mul.l give it his zealous and heart}- support, and
I cont'n,,« 'In so until a better plan wan presented,
Winch lie could not hone to sec.
n won d ho forming an erroneous opinion, nnd
ta.imjr a very limited view of the subject, to sup.
a 'se that the present state o' public feeling was at.
inhutablc solely to the tragical events in South
ampton last summer. That tragedy brought no
thing now to the minds of the rejecting portion of
\ irginia—it was at most hut nil earlier and more
melancholy realization of their apprehensions._
l lie s'ntr o hook showed that such an anticipation
had hern formed long since; or else why puss nil
! l'!.° laws concerning patrols, unlawful assemblages
of slaves, to prevent their being taught rending &.
writing, Ac. «!tc. But 1 hat terrible event had forced
: the whole community to rolled on tho dreadful
■ character of this evil, and to enquire, whether it
I w;'s without remedy.
i On the multiplied and desolating evils . f slavery
he was not disposed to say much: the cause nnd its
deteriorating consequences were within the nhser.
I v.ition and experience of the members of tlm House,
and the people of Virginia, and it did seem to him
! ’ ,at there could not he two opinions about it. But
there were strong objections to discussing this
branch of the subject in its details, and lie would
content himself with giving a brief attention to tho
strange political efleclK produced hv the existence
lot this unnatural connexion of master and slave,
lie would not use the word defy, Ini*, lie would in.
vite any gentleman, however talented, to point out
a mode ot resuscitating tho declining fortunes of
lower Virginia, so sure and efficient (removal of
tlm evils of slavery excepted) as a judicious system
•>t internal improvement, that should draw the pro.
dtice of .Middle and Western Virginia to the mar
kcl towns of ihn L'a-t. Were the trade of Rich
mond so enlarged, as to augment her population
lo hity or seventy.five thousand, and the trade of
Norfolk so oncieascd as to give, her a population
«>t troin one hundred and fifty to two hundred and
fifiy thousand, and the trade of Petersburg, Alex
andria, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg &. Danville, pro
portionahly augmented, and their population proper
tionahly encrcnsed, did not every one see the im
mense advantage to the tidewater portion of Vir
ginia, ns well ns to Middle nnd Western Virginia?
It any one doubted that such encrease of trade,
population, and consequently capital, would follow
the construction ot adequate improvements,, let
hun look at the map of the State, and his doubts
would be removed. Examine the man of the
United States, and it will he seen that only two
commercial towns in the Union (Now York and
Nevv^ Orleans) possessed superior advantages to
Norfolk, for for ign nnd domestic, trade. Yet the
large slave holders, of the lower country, continu
| ally opposed all measures calculated to accomplish
those purposes. And it scemetf to him, that this
st range course could not bo ‘ accounted for other,
wi' e. than by the supposition that, desirous of per
petuating the evils of slavery, they apprehended
that thi> object would be defeated, by the establish
ment of large commercial emporiums among us:
that the activity, enterprise and intelligence gene
rated by, and inseparably attendant on, extended
and prosperous trade; and the prosperity, activity,
and enterprise thereby diffused over the surround!
ing country, would introduce a spirit and inlelli
gsiieo fatal to the hope ot perpetuating slavery.
Again, tho largo slave holders had the means of
educating their sons, at any college or university
they pleased; and many o' them wisely discharged
their parental duty in this respect. But lot anv
plan la proposed, by which to facilitate and im
prove the education oftiie middle and poor classes
o| society, it met. with the decided opposition of
the large slave holder; although tho plan may
have succeeded admirably in other States, nnd he.
highly recommended in this. It. would seem as if
it were thought belter that the $45,000 annually
appropriated to the primary schools, should he
wasted and misapplied, than rendered useful and
effective for tho purposo for which it was avowed
ly appropriated. Adding to the intelligence, mo.
raiity and Christianity of the poorer "part of th »
co i ununity, might not he favorable to iho perpe
tuation of slavery.
The right of suffrage might be liberally extend,
ed in other States, hut its extension had been
warmly opposed nnd curtailed here: it might he
safe and proper in free States, but it mot with op.
position here, on account of the existence of sla
very? Other instances might he adduced to illus
Irate Hie strange and anti-patriotic sentiment gene
rated by the evil of slavery; hut he would forbear.
Me had spoken of large slave holders; he knew
there were bright exceptions among them; he knew
also, that the remarks did not apply to small slave
holders, many of whom were willing to give up
their slaves, if means could he provided of send
ing them oil; at least, this was the caso in Camp
bell. ‘
, It had been doubted in conversation, and the
remarks of the gentleman from Brunswick (.Mr.
Uholron) had ended it to his recollection, whether
the non.slaveholder ought justly to he allowed to
veto on this question. This seemed to Mr. R, to
he very p'ain, if the decision of the question affected
the interests of tho commomity, the non-shivo.
holder Was entitled, as one of the community, to
lie heard; if the interest of the slaveholder was so.
periled from that of tho community, the non-slave,
holder was more disinterested, and Ins vote,
entitled to more weight. Rut it was manifestly a
subject involving the interest of the entire com.,
munity, and every pers-n entitled by its laws, to
tho right of suffrage, should have his vote. Mr.
K. did not mean to say, or insinuate, that the’
gentleman had denied tho right of the non.slave
holder to he consulted; hut when the gentleman
enquired whether he as a slaveholder had a right
to vote on a question in which he was interested,
the question of who should vote, was focihly call
ed to .Mr. 11V. recollection.
He would dissent from a proposition of the same
gentleman, (Mr. Uholsnn,) to wit, that the Consti.
tution of t!io United States secured to the owner
of a female slave the right of property to her chil
dren. Mr. R. knew that, by the laws of Virginia,
the owner of the mother was entitled to the child;
and this was both just and wise: just, because it
remunerated the owner of tho mother for loss of
labor and expense during the confinement; and
wise, as it interested him in raising the child, an I
tended to prevent the separation of mother and
child; hut lie denied that there wan any thing in
the Constitution of the United States or of Vi’rgi
nia, which inhibited the General Assembly from
altering the law in that respect. It might not he
wise or expedient to change it; hut tlie"re was no
constitutional impediment. It was probably in re
ference to this claim to the offspring, that, the gen
tleman from Mecklenburg (Mr. Goode) had He.
nmineed the plan of the substitute as one of "Con.
*1*0.11 ion.” It sci-rned to Mr. R. that confiscation
nr'ersardy referred to a right of p oper'y, valid
I ;,,|defo"*n,,0;i *»«*. if Constitution imposed
no ristiaiut on the Legislature. us to the right of
ownership over tho offspring, the substitute was not
obnoxious to tbo charge. Yet tho character ami
consequences ot the claims asserted should not eS
cape observation: the mind could not contemplate
them without feelings of revulsion. It was a claim
to the control of human boi-gs not yet in exist,
cnee—indeed to the possible oilspring of the un
born! If the principles of iunnutublo justice ruled
that the stream should partake of the impurities of
the fount, h'm benevolence devised a mode of rr.
demption by which thu rigor of the law was satisfied.
And Mr. 11. hoped, that before tho people of Virgin,
abandoned this'Mihjcct, they would fmj n
luodo, not only of relieving ns of the evils ot sla
very, hut of atoning to benighted A'Viea i'..r tho
many wrongs inflicted on her by other omuinci.i*.
I be public mind appeared to be coming to tin,
conclusion that something inuitf he 1 -no, and that
w ithout unreasonable delay. The several cniime
ins <’ the while and black population of Last.
'Jmir""11'*' exhibited appalling facts. The blacks
i ! —creasing in number, ami the
h.tev relatively declmmg. The disproportion of
numbers was constantly increasing, and would in.
-re.ise more rapidly as .ho drain of tho blacks to
tho . outli ami Eolith West diminished. This was
an evil which would not lm stationary; measures
must bo taken to diminish it, or it would be grow,
ing worse and worse—in sumo counties there were
already two ami three blacks for one white. If tho
poor whites continue to leave the State as fast as
they wore able, and the drain of slaves for the mark
ets ot the cotton and sugar plantations coased, tho
1 ■.wjuuiiio as icti or twenty t,»
one. \\ lint then may he tho consequences? With
sttcli overwhelming numbers on thvir side, they
mny venture to iiiWnro strcngih with us; and un
less -nr brethren of the free Slates, or of tho
estern part of this Slate, come to the aid of tho
I^ast, or help he furnished by tho General Govern
menl (a government which some gentl mien np
peered to delight in holding up as a monster, hut
under which Air. It. had lived in safety, and to
" noli he looked with security,) that struggle may
eventuate in their ascendancy, in our becoming
thotr slaves, if wo did not refuso lifo ns bondsmen;
and the very seat now occupied by our Speaker, ho
tilled by tligirs. Ho entertained no apprehension
that such things were possible, at the present dnv:
lml localise we are —cure at this moment, shall wo
Jail o look forward to the future? Shall we sen
tins black cloud rising and swelling, and yet fold
our arms in fatal security? It was tlie part of wis
dom to look ahead. It was Hie duty of public men
to semit out and ward off danger, however far off.
Ho was convinced that something must be done,
and speedily and effectually—what that something
was, it was cufiicu’.t to dewidc; but lie wished t »
consult tin* people—lie wished the plan presented
in the substitute, laid before llic people, that their
opinion and svisli may be obtained.
Mr. It. said lie was done—lie was aware of bis
inability to bring much intellectual capacity to tho
consideration of the subject—it was one that would
task tho genius of the most gifted—hut ho was
strongly impressed with the necessity of some pru
dent and cautious movement in flic matter; and ho
woald endeavor to make up in hearty zeal and
steady perseverance, for deficiency of ability.
Substance of Remarks made l>y Mr.
I‘M * b, on Air. Goode’s Resolution and Air.
Randolph's Substitute.
Mr. Speaker: I know not whether it is prudent in
me, at so late an hour of the day, to throw myself on
t lie mdilljrpucfi of the Hoti*e; hut, representing hr I
do, in part, the largest slave-holding interest in tho
Slate, I should not, perhaps, be in the line of my
duty, were I to poimit this debate to close without
an exposition of my sentiments on tho very inter
esting subject now before ti n House. I was one of
those who originally voted against Hie reference of
this subject to the Select Committee; and every
step which has since been taken, strengthens my
convictions of tho propriety of that vote. I, in -
common with most of the friends of the Resolution
mny before tho House, deeply regretted the coureo
which has been pursued by'the gentleman from
Dinwiddie. With tho best intentions on- his part,
I was satisfied that, in forcing the petitions on the
Committe's lie was assisting in raising a storm
" would be the first, to deprecate. I her
gentlemen to recollect that ! do not stand here as
an advocate for slavery. I see, and feci too, tho
evils of the system. I justify it on tho grounds of
necessity. It is hero that all the wise, the good of
our land who have gone before us, have rested1 it,
and here too it will continue to rest. The substi
tute which has been offered, is said to be the off
spring of the mind of the immortal Jefferson, nno
ol the Wisest patriots and most profound thinkers
which onr country has ever produced. Its glaring
and palpable defects serve, to slio v us the difficulty,
or rather tho impossibility, of devising any sebenm
or emancipation which shall lie practicable, and
not at the stme time in direct violation of the rights
of property. The scheme which is now bofor is
and which gentlemen insist, on onr neept.n-,
strikes at the very root of our ('o-iun • .tl. j<
in that instrument most express, provided, that
private property shall not ho taken < r —.lie’urea,
without just compensation. Thesubsriiuln affirms),
that tho increase of all female slaves horn’
after the year 1810, shall become tho proper? v
of tlie State, the females on arriving at tlie ago oS
18 and males r.t the age rf 21. R„t tlie <rontlemnn I
from Campbell, to obvisto this difficultv, audio
make the substitute square with the Constitution,
denies that we have any property in tho increase
of slaves. This, sir, is perhaps the most extraor
dinary doctrine that wis ever broached in this
Ntate. If wo have no property in the fillurir in
cronso of our slaves, w« certainly have none to
those now in being, for tie property in both must
necessarily ho derived in tho same way; and I
imagine the gentleman vill scarcely go so fur as to {
justify the Legislature in taking away (lie slaves ■
now in being from the possession of' their own
ers. Rut, sir, this pinperty is recognized by
the civil law, and runs ! '.rough all ot.r statutes,
from the earliest period of onr colonial exisleuco,
down to the present tim*. The right is there al
ways ascertained and defined; "children born of
slaves, shall he slaves,” and tho maxim of partn*
acquit ur rentrem, is repeated and reiterated, in
ascertaining tho rights and privileges guaranteed |
by the Constitution, it is not necessary to risort to
metaphysical subtlety, Tho common law which
we have adopted, and snr statutes, define ^"nrly
what is property, and oar Constitution protects us
in tho enjoyment of it; and happily for nH that
part of the Constitution, which wo have just <oio
fed, seems to have been intended for tlie ihiglo*
purpose of placing this species of property beVuid
the reach of legt dative encroachment. When his
harrier is passed, it may indeed Ju; said, tint a
Constitution is as useless and inefficient as fi0
parcnmem on which ii is written. .Suppose IimP_ i
ver, Mr. Speaker, we waive Inr i moment this 'If.
futility, and grant that, the increase of slaves is nit
property? I he substitute ot the gentleman frofc,
Albemarle, among other things, provides that tin f
increase of female slaves, horn aft r 18-10, slial, A
become the property of the Stnlo. It. must be at fl
once acknowledged, that they are either persons or K
property, for there is no third 'lass to which they w
can lie assigned; not lining property, then, they must ]({
he persons. By what constitution*! power then, .
can the .Slate convert persons into property, .as is
proposed by the substitute? In whatever os portal
then, we may choose to view it, wo nro irresistibly
drawn to the conclusion, that it is unconstitutional.. m
and can he only ndnptod by tho.people in a full ami. 1
free Convention.
It would not be diflVtuH to shew to. this lfom»e, \
llmtfho provisions of the substitute of the gentle- i
man from Albemnrlri, arc as unjust, and oppressive f
in their effeets, as they are unconstitutional in |
their means. Whnt sir, is preixwed? Why that— '
an individual should !*• char god with the expense
of feeding and clothitj; a slave, until he is of an J
ago to he useful, and »t. that moment he is to he ta
ken from his possess rq n, and become the property
ot the State, unless h.« is taken beyoml its limits. .
But. he will be debt ,red from this alternative. <
Other States will, in .self-defence, prohibit the im- ^
portatmn of slaves info thetr territories—many. If'
tune already done it, and the moment yfMipr.*1* this fi
..."—'"ii