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I, : V ft, IV W r yff11 faatstaafepahU', ItetinsUubUcliebGct i .i,... .. .. .. . , KIHTORIAI. HOARD! ......CT" "- K- Couth. Chairman tVlt) E. HMILEY ., . . . Editor , JOHfl C. MARTIN" .General llmlnm Mfcr. Fubllahed dally at Peal to l.tirtin Building. Independence Square, Philadelphia AlMNTio Cltt ....I'Mti'Unn-n Building titw YoK. 301 MH? , 1)Toit 101 Fort BuMoj BT.'Lotili 100R Fullertoh nul dins Chicago ..... . 1302 Tribune Building Ji snws nvnRAUHt .WAtlMffOTO BtWRjIO, .... , Vls Cor. Pennaylvnnla A and HJ.iJ,"' Kw Tok Braiuo . The Sim Building i . v SUBHCnilTIOV RATES Tk tfvBb.kfl r....... t mvb lit pervert TO uhaeribera In Philadelphia and aurroundlnc tofTH it( the rate of twelve MS) cents per k parable to the rnrrlfr. , . !! mull to noinl nutiitde of Philadelphia. It th United 8tit- Canada. "J.""!!.! fltaiee poaaeaalnn polnae free fifty Inn) rent pr month Six (Id1 dollare per jear, parable q 4ence. .... .To jn forcian countries ono (II) dollar per, month. .. - N o t t o r 8 ibacrlhera lhlng addre haned muit .'e old well e new ad ree. Ba.lt.. JOM "TAtM'T KEY'TOM:, MAIN 1009 tr AlMrtH all rnmmwif ration to KfTiIii . . Puhlla . Ltdgtr, Independence Stuart. 1 r-'i'tjCtnus it. k. cunTis, pfsidnt ii , ..,?haI.,e H. .Ludlnalon, Vict PrpMnt , Ll 4W5 & 'Hn. Secretary and Treyaurer: . " rhnip B. Oolllna. John II. Wllllama. John J. BjwrMon. Dlrectbra. lt rMlmtrlpMa. Member of the Associated Prcjs Tllti' ASSOCIATED PRESS 1$ ! etclusively entittcd ta the te (or rtpublicilion of nil iieic diipatehf crtdited tn il or tint nthcririte credited in thit piper. nd alto -c local netc puhtiiihcd Herein. All right of repuhlieatfan of special dispatches herein are alio reserved. PhllKltlphl.. WrJnil. M.y !. I'M A FOUR-YEAR PROGRAM FOR PHILADELPHIA Thlnra on which the people iieet the new sdnilnlatrntlon to concen. trate Ita attention! The Delaware river bridge A drydock big e.nouph to accommo date the largest ships Dtoelopment of the rapid transit jyi tern. A cohvenlfort hall , .AiouiMdto for the Frm- Library. An Art Museum. , , 'Kntargement of the icaier supply Bpmts to accommodate the poputa 'llott. THE PEOPLE IN THE SADDLE r '.BEGINS to look n if the dffcat ot the Contractor OrRiinizntion iu the mayoralty priranriri last oar was not the retmlt of a morr- spasmodic offort on the part of the votern. The primaries jenterdny inilioale that they hnvo persisted in their dptorniina tion to clean houe and to put the Up publican organization and tho citj in the. control of men committed to the theory -that Bovcrnment exit for the be,neft of the Roverned and not for the profit of a cloic i-orporation of money fetiera. 'nic"defeat of Ranxley and the nom ination of Delany in th Third rouBres lonal district is a victory for decency. .luflBP Tatterson carried the district in the mayoralty primaries last year by a largo majority. In the months since then the voters have decided that Ihey iave,had enoush of the Vare machine and arc RoinK to run their affairs to wilt themselves. The indications are that the Vare codtrol of the city committer has been destroyed, and that the Vares will soon be .reduced to the rank of mere ward . leaders. Indeed, ConBressinan Vare was unable to carry his own ward com mittee, so that he is no longer even a ward Jeadcr. The revolt begun under the leader ship of Mayor Moore is assuming the proportions of a revolution. He de serves heartiest consratulations THE CASE OF CAMDEN W. 7HKN, in a ensual way. we invited I ironem! attention to the boS S8- .m mnlntninrd throucliout Camden county by Pavid Itaird. it was with no expectation of an aggressive reaction among folk who are sick of beins ruled - by' a baron and eager to start a rumpus for liberty. Such, however, has been I the result of n printed sentence. One by one insurgent leaders are rnmlntr fnrwnrd with cballenEPS. The I. most serious indictment yet flung at Mr. Ttatrrt riimn from Plinrles II Ilnves. 1- J r l.n V.nnnt..(. I -nnna nf I .... . . i Camden, whose organization is made up of men who think more of good govern ment than of factions or parties. Under the Baird regime, snjs Mr. Hayea, even the jury system has lost Its meaning. Tho new rule for juries, according to this plain-spoken citizen, is "dbn't indiet my friends and I won't indict yours ' If that rhargc is true, it means that contempt for the basic law of the land and perversions of the code upon which the safety of govern ment' depends are encouraged under a political system fostered by a man who, not long ago, had a seat in the Hennte of the United States SCHOOL SYSTEM FLAWS THR report on the condition of our public schools made bv Dr Thomas K. Finegan, state superintendent of public instruction, to the commission ' on constitutional amendment nnd revi sion and printed in yesterday's K r. W2TO PUBUO I.Elir.Kit, is not . nli lated to make Pennsjlvanians "point with pride" epeciallj when the para graphs relating to the ipialifii utions of thp teachers are considered Undoubtedly the, trouble i that the profession of teaching is not made financial! attractive enough to hold the services of tlio.e college men and women whose natural inclination runs along these 'lines. In this era of high co.ts and high wages there is too much de mand for workers t larger Kilaucs than the state will pnv for it to be nhlc to retain thee most valuable nervaiits It would he interestini. to Know bv what meanH Mnssadmsrtts and New Jcrney have maile perientagei of better qualified teachers i-o much higher than our own and how salaries in those states compare with those paid in I'enn syhanla. AFTER THE BATTLE ORDfNAniLT ii citizen of the United Stales is disposed lo be condescending in his view of people sh,o. lite the .Mexicans and the Russians, insist on settling their gov ernmental affairs by trickerj and brute cireoctli. There are election days, lion ever, wien, the luxury nf such attitudes of jmtrouate nre- rudely denied "us. Vca torduy wa on" u( them. 'f ( .eliilfcjfeirj tif OhdespiTntr poilu v ical faction set fire to an election booth In Mexico a lot of people 'In the United States would talk again ot "cleaning the place tip." If the police were ordered out to stop fights at the polls In ttussin. the outside world would again say that the Ittslann arc hopeless. Over tho ballot boxes In some parts of Philadelphia-In the Twelfth and the Fourth wards', for example tho repreentatles of the clans fought like wolves oer n bone. What was It for? The furious struggle was chlctly for control of the Republican city commit tee, which will name future candidates for municipal offices In Philadelphia. To put it more directly, the right was for the future control of public affairs, public money, public jobs. He must be an unimaginative citi zen who iloesn't stop to wonder what Inspires factional workers to such frenzies of enthusiasm, rage or energy A ward politician is a naturally lazy man. He isn't concerried with prin ciples. If he fights it is because he has something very definite to gain for himself, A LIGHTED MATCH IN A POWDER MAGAZINE Borah's Panama Canal Tolls Bill Contains the Posslbiities of Grave Disaster IT IS extremely unfortunate that Sen ator Boroh has set out to make the I'auama canal tolls question an Issue in the presidential campaign. There has been the widest possible divergence of opinion nmoug t.u ablest Republicans on the merits of the ques tion. It was n Republican Congress that pas-scd the law In 11112 fixing the .rate of tolls to be chnrged to ships passing through the canal and exempting Amer ican coastwise shipping from the pay ment of all tolls. President Toft signed the bill on the advice of his secretory of state, Philander C. Knox. Great Prltain protested against the passage of the law as n violation of the Hay-I'aunccfotc treaty. In spite of the fact that Great Britain in her first note of protest admitted that "if trade could be so regulated as to make it certain that only bona fide coastwise vessels would be benefited by this exemption, it may be that no objection could be taken." it was held by many able men that the exemption constituted a viola tion of the treaty. Yet the majorit.v in Congress decided that n tolls should be chnrfieil when coastwise vehBels passed through the caual. The law was passed In August. Laic in January of the next year Senator Root, in recoEnition of the persistent objection of the British, urged that it either be repealed or that the dispute over the interpretation of the trenty be submitted to arbitration. , " It was in March. 1014, thnt Presi dent Wilson asked for the repeal of the tolls exemption clause of the act, and explnlued to Congress that "I shall not know how to deal with other matters of even greater delicacy and nearer con sequence if you do not grnnt it to me in ungrudging measure." Iu response to this appeal, the clause to which the President objected was re moved from the law. Senators and Representatives who disagreed with him on the right of the. United States to exempt coastwise shipping from tolls subordinated their viewn to what they were led to believe was a great in ternational emergency. What that emergency was has never been disclosed. It may have been re vealed in conridenie to individual mem bers of Congress, but the public is ns much in the dark about it now as it was in March. 1014. The question cannot be considered on its merits at the present time. There is doubtless no desire that it should be so considered. Its political effect is what is uppermost in the minds of those backing the movement. This will manifest itself in two wajs. In the first place, it will give the supporters of Senator Knox an oppotv ttinity to call attention to hid attitude on the question and will conceivably iucrense his populurit) among those voters on the Pacific slope who wish to get their products into eastern mar kets at as low a 'freight cost as possi ble. Remission of the tolls on coast -wise ships will lessen the freight cost at the rate of $1.20 n ton, not on the freight, hut on the tonnage of the vessel tarrying it. As this amounts to .0000 on n fiOOO-ton vessel, it is a considerable item. In the second place, it will afford the Republicans nn opportunity to charge the Democratic party with vacillation under the leadership of President Wifsou The Democratic platform of 1012 in dorsed the exemption of coastwise ship ping from tolls. Mr. Wilson when a tandidate approved the plank in a pub lic address. But after he became Pics ident he admitted that he wnn not familiar with the subject when he made his address and that a study of it bud induced him to change his views. While it is to his credit for a man to udmit his errors when Iip lias enlarged his knowledge, it can be argued that a man should not lommit himself on proposi tions on which he is ill-informed. Mr. Wilson within n year after his inauguration had to make the humiliat ing confessiou that he had been mistaken on the one serious subjei t of dispute between this country and Great Britain. He indirectly made a similar confes sion about his views regarding Mexico, for within a few months after saying thut Iluerla must not be allowed to remain in the Mexican presidency, he said that the United States had no right to in terfere in the domestic affairs of this neighboring state even though its fields should run with blood. And still o third lime he admitted his error in de manding thai" the Paris Peace Confer en'e should do something to secure the freedom of the seas, set forth as one of Ins fourteen points. After he ar rived in Paris it dawned on him that the plan for world peace which the conference was drafting would muke nnj declaration for the freedom nf the seas superfluous, for they would bp free to all nations which agreed to the League of Nations invenant and the should not be free to-the nations seek ing to disregard the restrictions upon war-makinB contained In that covenant. 1 11a nrlmltteil hp hflfl nnf lhnu.l.i .1.. subject through to the end. Ac n fichtinE noint unon H'lUnn iu Rorah proposal has .some advantages, but its possibilities of producing inter national complications nre so grave that it is most imprudent at this time to precipitate a discussion of the right of the United 'States under a treaty to follow; n course, to vvhlel; the other party to fl" eaty I"1 objected. Vbeii 'Germany is dojngtw utmost '" H EVENING PUBLIC to cause dissensions among the nations which were victorious in tho w'ar, those notions should l most careful to avoid raising any questions which can be used by propagandists seeking to make a rupture. v Senator Borah, unfortunately, is willing that there should be n rupture. He has consistently objected to the par. tlclpation of the United JJtates in the settlement of nny of the (fucstions aris ing out of the war save as they directly and immediately affect this country. If he hod his way lie would make a separate peace with Germany, and tho rest of the world might go hang for all he would enrc. This insularity of view is united In his person with nn apparent willingness to risk international complications for mere partisan advantage. Rut the Interpretation of the Hay Pauncefote treaty is not n partisan question on which the Republb-ans take one point of view nnd the Democrats another There nre Republicans who agree with President Wilson, who se cured the repeal of the tolls provisions, and there nre Democrats who agree with President Toft, who signed the law containing those provisions. It was the late Richard Olney, Cleve land's secretary of state, who referred to the document ns n treaty unques tionably obscure nnd susceptible of two opposite interpretations." Under the circumstances, it is not likely tliat the dispute can be settled to the satisfac tion of the consciences nnd the intel lects of the two nations involved until It has been submitted to nn arbitration tribunal. To make such it question the football in n political campaign is the height of unwisdom. SELECTING 0(JR JUDGES THE highly informative and inter esting suggestion to the constitu tional commission made by Dr. William Draper Lewis, advocating an appoin tive system for the judges of courts of record, which is printed on this page, deserves thoughtful attention. liven though tho commission did not approve of Doctor Lewis's plan nnd retained the old elective, ny.s.tpm,, tjip arguments set forth arc no less worthy of study. The foundation of democratic gov ernment lies in n capable nnd learned judiciary whose Integrity is beyond all question. Therefore the selection of the right kind of men concerns inti mately the welfare of every citlzeu. Doctor Lewis argues thnt the public should not select all of its servants through the electorate and points out that we do not so choose our doctors, our engineers or our foresters, adding that these men nrp required to have no greater degree of technical learning than our judges. He Inys down as a general governmental principle that, where the duty to be performed is a ministerial one involving no question of policy and which requires for its performance years ot special training, then the selection should be by some means other than that of election. Another important featuro in the selection of judges. Doctor Lewis points out. is the question of the "judicial temperament," which makes the possessor of it almost invariably shun the stump and the election con test, thus depriving the people of some of their most valuable judicial possi bilities. There is no denying -the force of these arguments, and the action of the commission in this case was probably more largely due to their natural hesi tation to deprive the people of the right of selection of officials whose duties concern them so closely than to any disposition to consider that Doctor Lewis had not "made a case." The contention of Doctor Lewis is that the appointive sjstem has worked out In the federal courts and in states which have it. such as Massachusetts, better and more effectively than in the states which have not adopted this plan". He adds that in Pennsylvania itself there is a verv widespread belief thnt judges should be appointed. The up poiutive judge, too, is more apt to have more knowledge of all branches of the law than the elected judge. The principal argument aguinst the theory of Doctor Lewis is that the power of appointment lies iu the hands of n single person, who, even granted that his motives nre of the highest, is more apt to make n mistake in his ap pointee han where the candidate is the choice of the electorate. The argument that the man of the real judicial tem perament win not seen or win cvenJ avoid tiie stress or 11 political contest is sound, but there nre nlso counter arguments. The men best fitted for the beuch will rarely, it is true, seek the nomination, but few lawyers will de cline it if the office seeks the man, as. it should above all In the judiciary po sitions; in fact, most of them will take it even nt n considerable pecuniary sacrifice. To the credit of our elective system be it said that the strength of public opinion has many times forced the nomination of fitting candidates and encompassed the defeat of others who were not qualified. , TIip nrguments should have attention because this question is going to come up again. The selection of proper members of the bench is a matter upon which the general public cannot be too well Informed. Ever so many people are worried unnecessarily over thp "tumble" of Libert Bonds, and some have written to this newspaper about it. The Lib erty Bond jou hold is as good as ever it was. It represents money ,vou lent to Uncle Sam He stands behind it and will fulfill his obligation when it falls due. People who sell their bonds sim ply switch their obligation. If many people want to buy and few want to sell, the price goes up If few people want to buy and many want to sell, the prl'e goes down. In neither eveut does the real value of the article change n particle. It is a maVs necessity that is discounted It is like selling a $100 horse for 500 today because you don't want to wait until tomorrow to get full TnliiP Grorero having learned that the practice of requiring customers to pur chase something else before buying sugar is in violation of the federal trade commission act will continue the prac tice n trifle more circumspectly. The electric chair in Sing Sing has to he changed to iiccommndati) a cripple with a wooden leg. It is a cinch that he is not at all anxious to put the au thorities to all that trouble. .lust to make the record complete, it may be mentioned that there was also a Democratic primary yesterday. It must be admitted that Mitchell Palmer plays in luck in the mottcr of his opponents in the party. ''The trouble with Daniels," re that he doesn't knpvr V liEl)0ERPEMkDELl?Hm KNOWS 'MOST EVERYBODY Colored Attendant at Executive i Chambers In Harrlsburg Keeps Poise. Under Trying Circumstances By GROROip NOX McCAIN pIBW of the thousands who nnnunlly - visit the executive chambers in Harrlsburg are nwore that .Tames M. Arter, the tall, suave colored ntteudant who receives their name or card, Is the oldest employe Jn point of continuous service nt the Capitol. He has served in the same capacity under six governors. He has known every politician nnd statesman of nny prominence in tho state for thirty-five years. In nil that time he has rarely lost his self-control. Yet he has been the subject of threats, cajolery and sarcusm from those determined to violate offi cial courtesy In their nttempts to gain admittance to the Governor's pres ence. Arter saw service- in the Unlicd States novy during the Civil, War, and was connected with the ndjutant gen eral s offke subsequently. He Is a thirty-second degree Mason, nnd a trus tee of the Colored Masonic Home of Dauphin county. miIE most embarrassing incident I - recall," said Arter, "was one time when a member of the Legislature serv ing his first term, nnd pretty well clogged up with the Idcn that he was the biggest man In narrisburg next to the Governor, npproached me when the reception room was filled. '.'Among those present I recall were Senator Lewis A. Watrcs, Senator My ron Matson,.nnd others waiting their turn to be called into the Governor's office. ''The individual, ns he gave me his card, announced that he wanted to see the Governor nt once. I told him there were n number of gentlemen ahead of him, and if he would taken seat for a little while the Governor would doubt less sec him. " 'But I've got to see him immedi ately, and want that card taken In at once.' he said in a loud tone. " 'But, my dear sir. I must wait until the bell announces that the Gov ernor is nt leisure. That Is one of the invariable rules of this office,' I re plied: " 'Oh, then I suppose you are the Great I Am around here,' he sneered. "It was pretty bard to keep from milking n sharp reply, because It wasn't his words only, but his insulting man ner. " 'No, I am not the Great T Am.' I replied, 'but I am the medium through which you will approach the Great I Am. "I think it was because I did not reply nfter his own manner that brought him to his senses. He walked the length of the reception room nnd then came back and apologized. "When I got to know him better 1 found he was not n half bad chap. .His fault was that he thought too much nf himself, like n lot of other people." on; NLY to those Interested in his work s the fact sencrally known thnt the dairy nnd food commissioner is an official of the past. He disappeared u year ago this month. A newly created official, director of the bureau ,of foods, has taken his place. It is the old job under n new name. It Is the sixth bureau of the Depart ment of Agriculture created under the reorganization undertaken by Dqctor Rasmussen. The dairy and food commissioner's department woh once a losing proposi tion to the state. It is now handsomely remunerative. The receipts of the de partment today nre ten times as gre,at as they were twelve cars ago. Director James Foust tells me thnt owing to the increased consumption of oleonmrgarine, occasioned by the high cost of butter, the licenses for the sale of oleomargarine last jear exceeded $.100,000. With this the consumption of butter has not only kept pace with previous averages, but is greatly increased. M? R. FOUST says thnt food violations re usually most numerous in the crowded and poorer sections of large cities, Tho greatest amount of money received in the way of fines was $12,000 for adulterated milk, or milk deficient In fats and other constituents. One of the curiosities of Director Foust's investigation was impure vine gar, on which lines of $110 were col lected. Here are some of the oddities: There nre a very few adulterations or misbranding of staple food prepared by manufacturers of recognized stand ing. The largest number of violations con sisted in the sale of decomposed food unfit for consumption. In the entire state only eleven cases were found of thn use of nrtificial col oring in food other than nonalcoholic drinks. Cider Is the greatest and most popu lar "nonalcoholic" beverage. It isn't cider in most cases and contains intoxi cating ingredieuts. There is very little cold storage of food for profiteering purposes, contrnrj to popular belief. Settlement nf the controversy over increased wage demands expected today will prove that no hard-coul problem is so bard that it cannot be solved. What Do You Know? QUIZ 1 What was thn first extenslvn tuinpllie uviuiiiciiru iu nip utuiea niatos? 2 What cod. according to Greek myth- ole-K-y, held up the pillars of the universe? 3 What was the ancient Tloman name or tho city of Paris? 1 Who had the longest rul of nny covernor Ir American colonial his- What is babu? Who is chairman of the rtopubllcan national committee? From what languaKe is the word almanac derived and what Is Its nrlffirt.il mrnnlnrr? After what English queen was far. land named? ' 0 Who are. tho filnEaleee''- 10 Who was head of the war Industries . board of tho United .States durfnr tho world war? Answers to Yesterday's Quiz 1 The Hook of Daniel nnrrate.s the storv of King Belshazzar and the handwriting on the wall, : Abraham Lincoln served a fow months as a soldier In the niack Hawk Indian War of 1832, but ho wns not under lire. ul "q 3 The expression "cabbages and I.Iiiks'' Is from Lewis Carroll'a poom The Walrus nnd the Carpenter "! In "Through the Looking alass!" I Hamilton Is tho capital of the Ber muda Islands, 5 Tho piesent pope Is sixty-three years old K J1D.37 Inches make a meter 7 The Ilomans based, their rhronoloirv upon uie nuegea aate of the found- I ng of Borne, reckoned In tho mod. srn computation as 753 n, C. ern g Horses live abouj twenty-flve to thirty years. 9. The fortieth wedding anniversary in supposed to be celebrated with - rubles. '"Wo( W HovytvCilncon and'Cornwafli,. - ? W 10 Four, Important British generals ,'ln i?s$y ,. ''IS ry"- ' I Va.' , 1 ' "r Prt?s jxkrM. ': 4 . . f ffiOgssv v; Ay i t x ii'im smvash-a : m jbhwi.v n hi.jp-m jiix SHOULD OUR JUDGES BE ELEC TED OR APPOINTED ? William Draper Lcivis Gives the Commission on Constitutional Amendment aiut Revision Reasons for Favoring I Appointive System During the discusiion by the 'com mission on constitutional (imciidmriif and icvision of the matter of nit ap pointive system for judges of courts of rccoid, William Draper Lewis, senctary. presented a brief from trhirh the following excerpts aic made: MY POLITICAL past and my known present position on public questions is such thnt I con advocate the constitu tional change which I now call to your attention without danger of being ac cused of doing so on account of a con scious or unconscious desire to keep things as they nre, or because of any enthusiasm for extreme conservative positions on public questions. Indeed, it is as a progressive and as one vitally interested in soelul legislation thut I ask you to consider the advisability of giving to the electorate of the state the right to pass on the question whether they desire to substitute nn appointive for an elective judiciary. The election of judges is, I believe, unsound the oretically, nnd practically it does not work as well as the appointive s.vstem. I hnve an nblding faith in democracy. The cure for most of the evils under which we suffer is more, not less, de mocracy. There is no educational force in the community comparable with the ballot; no evil greater thau any curtail ment of the franchise, But nil this docs not mean that the people should elect nil their servants. Members of the Legislature and those executive officers who arc charged with the duty of in itiating or carrying out policies should be selected by the electorate. Hut the very qi(alltlcs which make the electorate the oniy body to ultimately decide pub lic policy unfits them for the very different task of selecting the trained expert to perform n definite designated service. We do not elect our doctors who man our henlth department, the. engineers who lny our roads or the for ester who becomcB our commissioner of forestry. And yet all these employ ments require no more highly trained specialists than the business of the judge. It seems to me to be axiomatic that wherever the duty to be performed is a ministerial duty, into which ques !nn.ir nollcv do not cuter and which requim for their efficient performance vcuih of special preparation, then the public officer to perform thut duty should bo selected by some other process than that of election. While this state ment is, I believe, of ulmost Universal application, it is peculiarly applicable to the judiciary. We often hear the expression "judicial temperament." By this, I take it, we mean n temperament making it natural for the possessor to analyze n problem on all sides, to weigh different points of view nnd rench n conclusion only nfter ciireful considera tion free from prejudice. Such n tem perament, wbllo it by no means in capacitates n man from muking a public expression of his carefully thought out opinion, usually does make him shun the stump and the election contest. Had we no experience to guide us, it is fairly certain that, in the long urn, the judicial business would on better done unn ns a cuuoi-iiiu-iii-e uie people would have agrrater confidence in the administration of justice in the stuto in which the judiciary were appointed, not elected. Th" business of the au ministration of justice is n highly spe cialized business, and the turmoil of an election is not the muehinery for the selection of experts competent to liaudle It nnd from which we have reason to hope for the best results. We arc, however, fortunately not in a position of being obliged to depend on purely theoretical speculation. We are having today, in this country, prac tical demonstration of the comparative results of elective and appointive judi cial systems. Our federal Judiciary is appointive. There are states, like Mos Rnchusetts. that have never hud any other than the appointive system. Wo have the material nt our hand for a comparative study of results. My con tention I that this study leads to no uncertain conclusion. If ther Is any place where it might be doubted whether an appointive Judiciary system would in practice prove sntlifactory It would be the local federal Judiciary. The tteyggfinMri .SouW MJOfelotsl 'MHMM'rti, SwdS Wat. size ot me uniiea ninies manes r. . n.1. ii.. f iia'r...M... .i... i.i ' , ' , V - i ' mmmm EVERYBODY HAPPY?" "" of each district, and nlso makes it im possible for him to make1 persounl and thorough investigation of the fitness of Ills appointees, and .vet there is hnrdly a mcddicr of the commission who would advocate the election of iocol federal judiciary. Not that Presidents hnve not made grave errors in appointments: they have. But by nnd large vvi nil know that the results are good. Take Massachusetts. Kverv lavvver on the commission has n considerable acquaint- I nnvn n All 1. ....... il. nnl F mice at the bar among the people of tnnt state. Again It is true that we have heard criticisms of particular ap pointees, but have we not nil heenNm pressed with the general and universal satisfaction which the appointive sys tem gives in that stnteV Tho opinion thnt the appointive -system works well Is not confined to the members of the bnr of Massachusetts. Ah far ns 1 have been nble to observe (and I hnve tnken trouble to mnke inquiries becnuse I have long been interested in this sub ject), the satisfaction with the appoint ive system in Massachusetts is general among nil classes of people. . I need not coll your attention to the fact that In n state like Pennsylvania, where we have had the elective system since the constitution of 1838, there is n very widespread belief thut judges should lie appointed. I do not say thut this belief is a settled conviction on the part of the majority of the people, or even n majority of the members of the bnr, but we hnve only to ask indi vidual members of this commission to know thnt there at least exists a dif ference of opinion on this subject. There Is one nrgument against nn appointive judiciary to which reference should be made. It is this: With us a judge passes on the constitutionality of acts of the Legislature. The state con stitution contains n bill of rights. Under the varying expressions in the bill of rights it is the duty of thp courts tn declure unconstitutional any net which deprives u person of his liberty or prop erty without due process, of law. Prac tically this means thut it Ir thp duty of the judge to declare unconstitutional any act the provisions of which violate those fuudnmentul principles of per sonal liberty and right to ncqnire, pos sess and cnjo property which nre tho Heritage or iMigiish -speaking people. The practical application of these fun damental principles neccssnrily vary from time lo time with shifting eco nomic conditions. Thus it is that T have heard publicists argue that nn ap pointive judiciary would" bo apt to be out of touch with social nnd economic conditions, proue to hold legislation de signed to meet renl and pressing social evils unconstitutional because of a luck of understanding of living conditions. A iilnuslble theory is this, on its face, hut it does not benr the test of actual cxnerlence. t.i .i . i i . lake the great social laws of our day mill mill' I nil mc KUUllllui in mo courts, ' it was Hie elected (supreme Court of Illinois that held an act regulating the hours of labor which applied only to women's Jafcor unconstitutional, though B..l.bnn. ..,! .1.n, .l-.!..t 1 niiunnurilllj IIIUI IIVI'JUIUI! VVIIS reVCrSCd. I Tt .. ,. .1... ..!..., .l U... . n i ' ik nan nil. iriri'ini Olljirt'llic V OUll Ot Pennsylvania thnt held n law requiring wages to be paid In money thereby prohibiting payment in store orders unconstitutional as denying to the workman the right of freo contract, and it was the nppolntcd Supreme Court of the United States thnt upheld the con stitutionnlity of such regulation, It wns the elected Appellate Court of New York which held the first work men's compensation net of that state unconstitutional a decision which shocked tho nut ion and which wits in stantly reversed by u change in the state constitution. The appointed Su preme Court of the United Htutrs hud no difficulty In sustaining workmen's compensation legislation. Those who hnve been interested In social legislation In the last, tweniv years know that all advocates of such legislation nave icit. a commence that the appointive federal Supreme Couit and the appointive Supreme Court of Massachusetts wcrejhe two courts in the country most incliued to support the constitutionality of legislation of this churacter. There is a reason for this, The appointive Judge is more apt stl utlo'riM aUor,i Tj&, Tha n Th" ' elided Judfa'' This reafcrkU wMii?' .11 .1 Ii i " ii ' " ,c D(U" con IT. A. Is obtnined by the man with the instinct of the student. It is the student's in stinct which makes the specialist in nny line of human endeavor. Instead, therefore, of an appointed judiciary being out of touch with life, on the average the nppolntcd judge is morn npt to have that touch with the broad es sential facts of life underlying social movements which lend to thu enactment of such far-reaching legislation ns workmen's compensation laws or mini mum wage laws. I have said that I advocated an ap pointed judiciary because I um a pro gressive deeply Interested In modern specinl legislation. I trust I have made plain the reason for this statement. I do uot ndvocate that you should place in the constitution a provision thnt there should be nn appointive judi ciary without appending thereto the further provision thut tho proposal should be separately submitted to the Lthe comii'iisslon' recn.nmnmlnHnn ,..ll electorate, whatever the form in which I i . - . V . " lie Ultimately embodied whether in the form of n series of amendments or of n comp ctely new constitution there nro certain fundamental changes, und this Is one of them, which should be sub mitted separately. For this there Is a practical reason. Much ns I am In terested In the matter of the change of which I have spoken, I do not ndvocate that n change likely to involve so much discussion should be placed iu the new constitution to bo voted on ns n neces sary part of that constitution by all those who would have any of the many other good things which the commis sion will doubtless pluce in the new or revised copstitutlon. Apart front this practical consideration, which would lend any toiun to ovoid," if possible, placing all tho work of the commission or n subsequent constitutional conven tion on n single vote of the people for or against, I submit thnt the electors have a right to puss separately on any fundamental und Jruportent change which can be separately submitted. bver so mnny interviews early yesterday proved that Victory Is readily seen through the rose glasses of Hope. Wood boomers in this state have apparently been trying to make dead wood of their candidate. Closing the saloons jesterdny seemed the height of supererogation. The only Wood,somo Wood back ers seem to know is deal. Yesterday appeared to he a cold doj for phantoms. No suffrage poet has yet dared to rhyme Dover with clover. METROPOLITAN K, MARY PICKF0RD 'N ,,ER GREATEST SCREEN SIIPcp I itr s r r t "U5CE8S M HER GREATE8T SCREEN SUCCPsn P0LLYANNA" MATINEE TODAT ""' juur itats n advance and avoid utandlnr ii"'a lios chuali put at. & M e t ronoll. tun o, h. LAST WEEK ' EV08. AT 7 ft o l!5o TO 600 MATS. AT 2. SO 2Ro nOXES RESERVED Beginning 1rrnn MAY 29 icfej FtltHIMT, rCWUDYEVtRMAPIV WKSENtfcTO KlTLCmUI op .auTE ;dowhmeG! SrgsH op .auTBR ' EITH'S Jo'- Santley ficSawyer ,v and Co. In "nirn ami-. itttrrvmt Crawford A& Brodcrjck J Olsen, & johnwn fo maV Qrifc' iffiiU I rn X kA I jeV .-SiaUKaTSat. 1 Y Markat 81. ah. mil.' .. . .. I Nil caw" "' D mm'B W j INCLUDES L WHY THOMAS WEIOHAN iu,,L ninntA nwiMcnu nMiii :l- .j UEDB DAN1ELB Vrvl In s77 J A Paramount. Ai... ... . J T A 1 a t v K L. A C Vi 10 A,MjS"a?.-., I ! GCOND AND FINAL-WEEK 0' V Marshall NeilatV- mcuAntuiibti rnoDiicTioN 1 The. River s End" J N.xt Wk-"Ttn Vlrslnffi,.. An. i v I A N 10 A A. f.. ia. 2 'ana. nv i-.K"1,. ' CHARLES RAY "Wmr : "UbbS" V I C T O R I Aji REX BEACH'S ' n ' "The Silver hS5? Naxt Wk Ckmtinctau's "Tha Etromuf. r a p i t o r . .. 724 MARKET HTrtEET 1. .1 10 A. M.. 12. 2. S:4B. nils .??' .. 4 I TOMMOORE "' R E G E. N T'l "MARKET ST.. Tt.l. 1. I EVEff AS : EVE n.iK a j.v;l 'Mil CONTIrJIlntVo' J VAUDEVTI.tu ,1 ..rf mif..,.. """ r AND OTHER ACTS WORTH WHILtt CROSS KEYS 8 MARKEP ""VACAtlON'DAYs"- BROADWAY SS'SftVa RUBEVILLE companv 9 p' . OF TBV Geraldine Farrar "WSV,A,NA'ND THE PUPPET PinLADELPHIA'B FOREMOST THEATRE HRnAn Mat. TnAav Nixhti Uivvyiy at sslf LOU TELLEGEN "Speak of the Devil..." AUGUSTUS THOMAS f"lo-i-Jrlr Last 4 F.vorn Matlnwn hPOP. MAT. TODAY, 25cto$ Do Spirits Return? Thuratoa 8a va Bays "Tm" NEXT WEEK A PHOTOPLAY SE.VSATIOJ Un With. the Dance With the Zl.nfeld Folllea' Beauty Mae Murray & David Powell Four Bhowa Dally 1 :30, 3 :30, 7 and 0P.ll Matinees, 25c, BOc. Evenlnga, 25c, 50c, 73a FORREST now , IRELAND A NATION. BERNARD DALY o,, Nlghta. 2Bo to II. BO. Mats. 25c to 78 PHILADELPHIA'S LEADING THEATnES DIRECTION LEE AND J. J. SHUBERT , THE BIGGEST COMEDY HIT IN TOWN WILLIAM COURTENAY 1 CIVIL,IANCLOTHES AT THE I YRIP EVQ8. AT 8:20 - IXI, MAT8. WED. A SAT $1.00 MAT, TODAY A Broad bel. Ruca I EVGS. at 8:20 D E L P H Jl Mat. Tomor. A TRJUMPlf TRES8 GRACE GEORGE in "THE RUINED LADY" 'Makta You Roar With Lauhtr" Uicut BAM Shuhert EVENINGS AT 8:1H B. nUDCrt pop. Mat. Today at Jill JOHN HENRY MEAR8 Announce! S l .. A m...m..A ovit Vi Xfnrrlat Cttnt " Th Century Midnlsht Whirl' has color, aong-, dlmpfed ahoulder bladfa and s"" nnklra, guaranteed to produca ihucklw or laughter nn hour attar tha final curtain. NORTH AMERICAN. ' CHESTNUT ST. Mxl... POP. MAT. TODAY S, $lj OLIVER MDROSCO Prcaenla CHARLOTTE GREENWOOD In tho new musical tomaoy . Um 'LINGER LONGER LETTY DANCING LESSONS D a TnnMinr for Each Pupil P' , 4 CORTISSOZ OSi SCHOOL 1520 Chestnut gf Locust 319- OPEN ALL SUMMER. . Willow Grove Park FRANKQ A"D ORCHESTRA NAHAN KRANKO, Conductor CJRETA MABBON, 8'IKan?.vKNlN0 CONCERTS AFTERNOON AND EVE"'" ACADEMY OP MUBIC-TONWIITATSP jv IRISH PLAYS DUMONTSM? Mate.. Mor... Wed. fc Ml. " RnW Don't Go Up InMablBsRognr i .,.. a5o ORPHEUM i2r5c:ij , mae desmond Cheating -hcaterj; AND TLAYEltB J-",,,, ,,nV H "" -- ' ..TTillIlK ii "-, t. JiA mJSmI S rHEW0NDBSHOWCF zszcrtfinwys -s? mmSm) Iinnpino- IHROIIS cuii- IndlvldUaUlBaliruetlon. Alj V1 L&w" Tfy1! ?J f r'i i .iVfc j- . ,. ... . .2ii.. . .m ;i ?&iiur ..! k.iv mva