Newspaper Page Text
independent ffft rhiaan^Qjpnirfe Published Evert Thursday By THE MICHIGAN LHKONICI fa PUBLISHING COMPANY MAIN OFFICE 268 Eliot Detroit Mich TEmple 1-887* LOUIS EMANUBI MARTIN Editot Entered u second elate mattei May 1 1940 at the Poet Office et Detroit Mich undei the eel of Marib 3 1879 Term* ol Subtcnptior (payable to advance)? One Yeai UOO Sia Montht tl 75 Three Mentha Si 00 THANKSGIVING A nation at war for survival must of necessity take short notice of festivities appropriate to such an occasion as our Thanksgiving. The Negro people have put their shoulders to the grim task of bringing ruin upon a formidable enemy, and they are fortified by the faith that by their efforts, there will result blessings for which all America may be truly grate ful. The finer impulses of mankind which are given expression on Thanksgiving must be instilled into the hearts of our valiant people who are engaged in a vast crusade to rid the world of a great evil. The recent victories of our fight'ng forces at opposite ends of the globe cheer us this day and streng*hen our resolve to make ourselves worthy of their great courage. While we give thanks for these fortunate events on the line of battle, we take heart to defeat at home these native forces which would nullify those foreign triumphs. We dedicate ourselves to the conquest of the slave-makers and we are thankful that we have the courage and the right to make war against them, for in being able j and free to fight, we have the prerequisites for eventual victory. POLL TAX TYRANTS War against freedom and democracy has been declared in the Senate of the United States. The poll tax senators have made a joint declaration to the world that they will hold up this global war and risk the enslavement of the American people rather than acquiesce in the majority will to abolish the fascist instrument by wh’ch vast millions of citizens are denied the right to vote. These poll tax senators are traitors to their country, to the cause of the United Nations and to the faith which inspired the great champions of human freedom throughout history. Bellowing like mad bulls, the Dixie senators are trying desperately to drown out the truth and to obscure the essential facts contained in the anti poll tax issue. Senator Bilbo and others have tried to frighten the Senate and the American public into bel’eving that the poll tax issue is no more than a Negro issue. They have appealed to the prejudices of the ignorant and to the fears of the more for tunate. They have side-stepped the fact that whereas! four mill’on Negroes were disfranchised by the poll j tax, more than six million poor whites of the South | are in the same rotten boat. Here is abundant proof of how far southern! tyrants will go to keep their dark brothers in the iitolt \They are willing to sacrifice six million whites;/rather than recognize the true citizenship of Negro Americans. They would, by the same token and with the same logic, be willing to surrender to Hitler tomorrow, if they but believed that by winning the war the American Negro would be liberated. They would cancel out the lives of their own sons who are dying on the battle fronts of the world rather than see the emancipation of the Negro today just as their fathers did before them in the Civil war. The true nature of their treachery must be faced by all who love democracy. These traitors must be fought, Tterally and figuratively, and they must be crushed not for the sake of Negroes alone, but for the <ake of human freedom in the modern world. The poll tax senators represent the van guard of the fascist bloc in America who are rendv to destroy every vestige of democracy for white and black al’ke. It is time for Americans to wake up and recog nize the real enemies of this country and the demo cratic fa th upon which it was founded. The poll tax fight has brought the rattlesnakes out in the open and in the frenzy of their opposition, they have barda their traitorous fangs for the world to see. There can be no compromise with these enemies and there can be no peace. Unless these elements are rooted up and cast out of our democracy, they will grow stronger stilf and rob Negroes and the common people, regardless of race, of their heritage of lib erty and freedom forever. It happened in two short decades in Germany and in two more decades, it can happen here. MASS DELEGATION Determined to eliminate the vicious practice of job discrimination and segregation which is jeopard izing the war effort and violating the citizensh'p of the Negro people, the Citizens’ Committee on War Jobs, headed by the Reverend Charles A. Hill, sent a mass delegation to Washington last week. The nation’s capital is beginning to learn that Detroiters mean business and they not only talk about an issue, they take action. Editorial Page ot 1 HE MICHIGAN CHRONICLE BOOK NOTES By GERTRUDE SCOTT MARTIN NIGHT SHIFT. th. new novel by Maritta Wolff, (Random House. New York City, 1942. $2 75) has enough material for several novels There it a richness here, an ex pansive quality which makes for a | wealth of detail but which definite- J ly cushions the impact of the book I Careful pruning would have given the book a punch which it just misses having in its present form. 1 NIGHT SHIFT :s the story of two sisters, Petey and Sally, set against the background of an industrial city. Sally is sweet, good, a devoted mother to her three children whose father is confined to the state hos pital with a mental disorder. Sally, a waitress, finds keeping her home together no easy Job and her broth ; er. Joe. and sister Virginia, who live with her only complicate her | task. Virginia, out of work and in love, tries to do her part of the nousework, but is discouraged and ; out of sorts Joe, a coward, gives up his Job after a bad accident in 1 the bumper factory where he works and becomes a sort of handy man 1 to Nicky 1 oresca. the Italian owner i of a large night club. Sally works for Nicky's brother and Nicky makes advances to her which she . ignores although fearful of her job Petey, the feminine of the hail fellow well met species, comes on the scene in the nick of time at Christmas when things are skimpy and Nicky is a greater problem to Solly Petey gets a job as a singer in Nicky's night club and success fully takes care of that menace as of the others facing her family. The characters are all more or less typed. Sally, the good as gold gal; Petey. the blustery lady of easy virtue; Nicky, the bully; Joe, the coward; Gloria, the dumb, dumb blonde; Johnny, the over loving husband; Fred Foster, the hard ex i Mr. Montagu examines the pay lological and biological factors issociated with race and points out hat many anthropologist* have wrongly accepted the concept of -ace. Geneticists today know that there is no proof of “mental ability and cultural achievement being as sociated with the genes which de termine akin color, hair form, nose shape or any other physical charac ter.” The author examines briefly the examples of race mixture In Hawaii, in Australia, in Tahiti and India—white and Negro—white crosses in this country. No evidence I has been found to support the Idea j that race mixture results in a<n in- J ferior stock. The final chapter of the book Is : called "Ra-e and Democracy” and emphasizes the need for improving I our democracy so that all may share in its benefits. Mr. Montage be- j I.eves that through education false j ideas of race may gradually be eliminated. There is a short Intro duction by Aldous Huxley who emphasizes the importance of the I author’s ‘heory that individuals in I their race prejudices reflect the ! 'frustrations of early life. The book j is short and to the point and in [ plain language rejects the mistaken ideas on race which have been so widely accepted. A new magazine, Negro Digest, has just made its bow. Published in Chicago it Is a digest of articles and comment about the Negro. In cluded in this first issue are articles by Walter White. Carl Sandburg. Horace Mann Bond, Langston Hughes, Rev. Bernard Shell, Louis Martin, Jo Sinclair. Roland Hayes and Quen Reynolds. The magazine reflects a careful choice of material; the articles are condensed briefly but the meat is there. It is pocket size with a red, white and blue cover It seels for 25 cents and is published at 3507 South Parkway, Chicago. * * * Walter Davenport has an article ; on the Negro in Collier’s for No vember 21. Entitled. "The Negro Lifts His Head,” the article outlines the situation in which Negroes find themselves today. Problems in In dustry, In the army, and in civilian life are noted as is the South’s at titude that war or no war it will make no changes in its sacrosanct system of racial division. Mr. Dav enport handles his material fairly although I would challenge his statement that if “the professional Kluxers and the salaried defend ers” were to stop agitating, things would be improved. By salaried de fenders I suppose he means men like 'Walter White, without whom the efforts of Negroes might be more divided but certainly no less directed to change. Mr. Daverport states at the conclusion of his ar ticle that the government has no solution and it is this lack of pro gram which is to be criticized. terior with a heart of gold. None of them seem to come alive and the worst failure in this respect is i San, whom Petey loves and who | remains an unreal hulk to the reader. Miss Wolff is a careful observer and the wealth of detail with which she packs her book is testimony of her ability in this direction. Yet, here too. there is a hackneyed qual ity, a repetition of unimportant characteristics, an over-use of cliches. It is here that Miss Wolffs immaturity is perhaps most appar ent. Not yet 24. this is her second novel and an unusual one in many ways. With more careful selection of material and an eye for distin guishing details Miss Wolffs work •.vill show decided Improvement. Her first novel, WHISTLE STOP, won the major prize for fiction in the Avery Hopwood awards at the University of Michigan two years ago. Detroiters will see something familiar in the city described in NIGHT SHIFT. The title is some- I what misleading since the night | shift has little to do with the lives of the characters of the novel. * * * | In MANS MOST DANGEROUS MYTH: "HE FALLACY OF RACE | by Ashley Montagu-(Columbia Uni versity Press. New York, 1942 $2.25) the author examines and discredits the usually accepted ideas associ ated with the concept of race. Mr Montagu in a chapter on the origin of the race concept points out that j it is a j ore or less modern de- i velopment. Prior to the eighteenth century all men were looked upon as members of the human race with no idea ~t one group being superior or inferior. With the growth of abolitionist ideas in England and France went an attempt on the part of those on the other side to justify slavery by showing that the en slaved were members of an inferior race. We are well aware of how this attack was used in our own country in the early years of the nineteenth 1 century and how the effects of the j arguments have plagued the Negro down to the present day. It is only recently that scientists have expos ed the fallacy of considering race as a “compound of physical, mental, personality and cultural traits which determine the behavior of the individuals inheriting this al leged compound." Mr. Montagu slates that i term race should be used only in referring to the five or six large divisions of man, it should be replaced completely by the word “caste" in a cultural sense and by the exp-ession, “ethnic group” in the biologic sense. POETS’ CORNER MERRY-GO-ROUND (Colored Child at Carnival) By Langston Hughes (From SHAKESPEARE IN HARLEM for ANP) Where is the jim crow section On this merry-go-round. Mister, cause T want to ride: Down south where I come from White and colored Can't sit side by side. Down south on the train There's a Jim crow car, On the bus -ve're put in the back— But there ain't no back To a merry-go-round! Where's the horse For a kid that's black? OLD JIM CROW MUST GO By William Henry Huff (For ANP) I'm sick and tire * of old Jim Crow; Why don't we bury him? I tell you now that guy must go— You've had your day and done your dirt. The demons want you now; 'Tis time for you t~ feel that hurt— Come on and take your bow. Hammering home' their protests against the wanton abuses which Negro men and women job seekers are suffering in this area, the strong dele gation presented the government agencies and Con gressman Tolan with a clear picture of our griev ances and demanded immediate action. Pointing out that the current controversy over the manpower shortage is meaningless in view of the biased em ployment policies of many large industries in Detroit, they urged the government agencies to face the facts. We have been told that the Fair Employment Practice committee is seriously considering the hold ing of a hearing in Detroit. There can be no mistake about the necessity for holding this hearing now. The presence of this large committee in Washington should be enough to indicate the unrest among the rank and file here over these employment abuses. If the government agencies do not act, we shall re double our efforts and intensify this fight for greater participation for Negroes in the war effort, as good Americans should. We are at war, and the indus trialists are not going to be permitted to indulge in their peacetime caprices in this matter of color. *5,000,000 WOMEN NtfOfD IN WAS. INDUJTilu —nwi iim The Facts In Our News By HORACE A. WHITE LABOR AT THE CROSS ROADS > The Republican victory in the recent election has brought labor to a crisis in this war period. Once the reactionaries saw the election returns, they immediately started to “hit" at labor. Bills were thrown into the hopper to the effect that the 4 hour week should be elim inated. There were those who felt also that the National Labor Re ; latlons Board should be abolished. The first point is worthwhile con sidering a little more intensively. Claims are that England has re moved its limitations to the num ber of hours a person may work during the week. They argue that , the average work week in England , is 57 hours, and it is further staled ! that the average working hours in | the United States is 48 hours in a j war plant. The op onents of the ! 40 hour week in America say that i because of England’s long experi- I ence in the war, England sets the [ pattern for the work week in Amer i ;ca during war tim' Such people, | however, fail to stick to the facts. | and of course, have no desire to j stick to the facts. It must be point j ed out that ther-* is no penalty put I on war overtime work in England. ! Our present industrial set-up in re | lationship to government contracts j puts a penalty on our overtime pay. |ln addition to that, manufacturers j and management are reluctant to extend overtime opportunities to workers because it is time and a half. In England, there is no re s’ ! ction against overtime pay, for the government and the manufac turers can put it in as a legitimate cos' and in fact, sn encouraged cost tN@gir& BY WILLIAM L. SHERRILL in the manufacture of arms. What the reactionaries in this country want, of course, is not what is happening in England. They should like for the work week to be extended so that the workers can work longer hours for regular pay. : Therefore, since thousands of work- I err want time and a half on all over their 40 hours, the manufacturer does not encourage overtime work It also should La pointed out that England’s average working time I | was 67 hours a week. England had I not tried this very long before it discovered that tlw really were not putting out more work for hav 1. men work such long hours. In fact, there is a point of diminish- j ing returns, in the wor’: week. When J workers become tired there is more waste, there a- . more accidents, I there is much more idleness when the work week i too long. So the English manufacturers asked in the majority of cases, that the work week *be cut to an average of 54 It seems to ua then that labor has got to begin to get the facts out to the people that a longer work week will not produce more arms and what the manufacturers want when they talk about a longer work week is a chance to get a greater production at a lower cost. The government's penalty on overtime is an effort to prevent manufacturers from taking advantage of the war emergency to run up the cost and to change labor standards drasti cally—as the manufacturers would surely do. Therei is no question, however, but that a realistic solu tion could be worked out, namely, overtime could he encouraged, with time and a half pay for all over time. The government could stand by its 40 hour week program aQd insist that manufacturers pay time and a half for overtime on govern ment contracts. There must be an adequate interpretation of England's experience in this whole matter. Labor'will have to take the respon sibility to see that a clear interpre tation is made on the basis of the bills now in Congress. The expan sion of the work week will hinder our production in war time. The time must never come when As a private citizen, I am not supposed to lie . . . but if I am ! sent abroad as a diplomatic repre -1 septative, I am not only allowed but expected to lie if it contributes to the good and glory of my country. As a private citizen, I am not al lowed to steal . . . but If I am king or president, dictator or prime minister, premier or secretary of state, I can send soldiers into an other country, (provided it is small er or weaker) and exploit them, steal from them, rob them, enslave them . . . and then lie to the citizens of my own country and no one will think worse of me for what I am doing. Governments live outside of moral law. * * * Washington, London, Moscow, as well as Vichy, Berlin, Tokio, and Rome, do things almost daily which if done by an individual would land him in jail or disgrace him forever. I.* diplomats paid any at tention to the words: equity, ethics, right, justice and honesty, the world today would not be bathed In blood and the flower of our manhood would not be on its way to an un timely grave. But. it appears that as soon as an individual becomes a member of the governmental family he is supposed to strip him self of all moral standards. The State, having no force short of war, to compel it to obey certain moral ■law*, has errmc to-feel itself above moral restraint. * * * I realize that this is a terrible ar raignment. I know that the thought advanced here is appalling to those who want to make themselves be lieve that the leaders of the world are growing better in their dealings one with the other, and more con siderate* of weaker peoples' rights we feel that recreation and relax ation for work is not necessary to a good work period. WE HONOR ... Friend*, we would like for you | to know better, this week's person- j allty. Ramon S. Scruggs, good looking young branch manager of •jhe Michigan Bell Telephone com pany. | Ramon comes from the “Athens of the South.” Nashville, Tenn.. where he was born, reared and educated. He finished the famous Pearl high school in Nashville, then attended Tennessee State college, and finally graduated—-from Fisk university. Upon graduating from Fisk. Mr. Scruggs was named one of the two Negro representatives employed by the Rumford Baking Powder com pany. While working in this capa city, he travelled in 10 states as a public relations person, promoted sales and conducted large cooking schools which averaged from 800 to 1,500 in attendance The employ ment of Mr Scruggs and Mr Tyus by the Rumford company began a wave of the employment of Negroes as representatives in large white concerns. Upon leaving the Rumford com pany. our guest became the director of Green Pastures Camp, the SIOO - 000 Urban League camp for boys and girls. From there he became Boy's Secretary of the St. Antoine branch Y.M.C.A. where he stayed for four years, and when he left, the membership had increased from 350 to 800 boys. The first Negro to be hired by the Bell Telephone company in a capacity other than custodian was our honoree. He went there as a commercial agent and since then haa been promoted to the position of branch manager of the telephone company. The office is located at 1413 Gratiot avenue. Working un der hit supervision are three public office representative!. The office supports itself, and baa been in Hi RAMON SCRUGGS existence a little over two years. Our guest belongs to the Y. M. C. A., Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, is a member of the Legal Redress Committee of the N.A.A C.P., a membeT of the Speaker's Bureau of the Community Fund; is on the Sponsoring Committee of the USO, and acts in an advisory capacity to Draft Board No. 2. The Scruggses have'a beautiful little daughter, Marie Louise, 11 months old. Ramon has always been interest ed in public relations work, and likes the idea of integrating Ne groes into new Job fields. Again the Chronicle takes great pride in presenting to you, one of Detroit's outstanding citizens. i SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1942 * CBOSS THAT BRIDGE NOW!!' Hi and privileges. I know it is dis heartening to millions of weaker peoples whose loved ones die daily in a dozen battle areas of the world because they believe they fight for their own freedom as well as the freedom of all mankind. But the truth of this statement is borne out by Winston Churchill's speech be fore the House of Commons in which he confessed that inspite of the Atlantic Charter or the high sounding platitudes mouthed by himself, he, Winston Churchill, has not “become the king's first min ister in order to preside over the liquidation of the British Empire." * * * The nerve of Mr. Churchill! He would never have dared make this statement a few months ago when the Axis were at the very gates of Britain, and British troops were on the run everywhere. No. What he did in those dark was meet in mid-Atlantic with the President of our country and prom ise the people of the world free dom. Yes, freedoms of all kinds. Help yourself to freedom . . . don’t take one, take two, three, four. Peo ple must be free from domination by others, he said; they must have the right to live their own lives. These promises were alright for then . . . but now things are dif ferent. Statesmanship and diplom acy at that time demanded that the millions dominated and exploited by the British Empire be told some thing to fflWPPflyg them W fight. Hence the "great Atlantic Charter.” * * * Now these millions are fighting in a dozen battle areas of the world. The fortunes of war are turning slightly in favor of the United Na tions. Things are not as dark as they once were. Mr. Churchil’ feels therefore that “Now it can be told.” Now we can let India know that Great Britain has ne intentions of giving her freedom. Africa can know now that she will still re main under the heels of her mas ters. It matters not what he prom ised at the beginning of the war. as a diplomat and statesman all was said for sake of king and country. Mr. Willkie said that everywhere he traveled abroad, small nations feared the Atlantic Charter did not apply to them. It appears from Mr Churchill’s recent speech before the House of Commons, that their fears were well founded. * * * For a specimen of sheer hypocrisy and brazen audacity that must amaze even God, I point you to Winston Churchill, who has been seized with an acute attack of mor al hysteria over the Empire de signs of Germany and Japan yet when his pain subsides long enough for him to get his breath says, we have ho intentions of “liquidating the British Empire.” When dishonesty on the part of statesmen becomes accepted as a principle and diplomacy lives out side the moral law. where else can civilization be headed but toward disaster? We have the decline and fall of Babylon. Greece and Rome by reason of the very same prin ciple. tc teach the statesmen of the world the dangers they invite, but they seem never to learn. If Mr Churchill speaks for the United Nations, we fight the same old fight for power, we carry on Rie same old struggle for privileges existence. WINTER COAT BLUES By Ricardo Weeks (for ANP) Lawd, I wish I had a coat. Wish I had a winter coat. ’Cause winter’s in de air. An' I cain't go nowhere— Papa tole me to stay in. Why must people bs so po’? Why must pappy be so po ? An’ what's he ever done To never have nr mon'? Maybe bis color made it so. Now he’a on home relief. Look. Lawd, he's on home relief! Oh. I need a coat, A winter overcoat. 'Cause papa always says, “Stay In!” I With The Post Quartermaster By CORP CEO. HUBBARD Since coming into the army over twenty-one months ago, we find that Detroit not only leads in arm ament production but we think It is near (if not on top) as a leading city with hospitality towards soldiers. The P Q M. detachment has had various churches, women's clubs and benevolent organizations to show appreciation to the armed forces and to which we repeatedly reaffirm: "We're very gratefuL” There are hundreds, probably thousands who have gone out of their way to make the life of Negro soldiers a bit happier. To those and others and to husbands of the various women's organizations we Dow send sincere and personal thanks. We are aware of the im portant part you’re playing to wards helping the cause and we re happy to express our thanks to you. With a lot of moving and shift ing aTound, the boys hardly know what to expect. It's a fact there’s something in the air. Sometime in the near future, “there’ll be some changes 'made.” It is with pride that we con gratulate Pvts. William Moore and Blwin Nelson on their recent ap pointments to O Ulcer s’ Training school. These boys have been ap pointed to attend the school at Fort Benning. Ga. We wish them loads of luck and hope they attain great honors in the field. Now that hunting season is here, we find that we have some devo tees of the sport in the persons of Sgt. Gilbert Shiflet, Pfc. John Davis, Pvt. Henry Logan, Pfc. Peter Means, and Pfc. M:iton Wasson along with Pvt. James Ross. They can be seen most any evening with their guns hunting game. They’re almost sure to bring back a few rabbits on each trip. Pfcs. Loroy Clark, John Kennedy. James Johnson and Pvt. James Huff were heard to make the ex pression: “If I had known Detroit was as much on time as it is, I would have started visiting that city front" the time I first came to Private First Class Kennedy makes weekly trips to Detroit, while the other boys are there once or twice a month. It is said that the boys have met persons there that make things worthwhile to fight for. Congratulations to Pvt. David Dawson on his recent marriage to that lovely young nurse from De troit. We hope that this marriage will be a great success. Sgt. Nathan Martin has made an open declaration that he intends to upset the romantic interests of two soldiers here. Pfc Floyd Dent is now included in the list of cam geniuses, his field «t transporta tion. He can tell you just hovr many rides you may expect to catch hitch-hiking from here to Chicago. His experience and re search in this field are amazing. Pvt. John Colquitt lays claim to be;ng the best bridge player ho ever saw. He iearhed the game a month ago. Seeing that it’s the week of Thanksgiving, we should take this time to give "Thanks" for many of our blessed advantages So long; Cpl George Hubbard and Pfc. William Pond. Club Reporters To Hear Speaker The Publicity Committee of the Detroit Association of club« will hold its regular monthly meeting Wednesday, Dec. 3, 7:30 p.m at the club house. 5461 Brush street. There will be a round table dis cussion on club reporting. The speaker will be Miss Robert? Ap plegate, club editor of the Free Press. Musical numbers will bo rendered. Miss Victoria McCall will preside. The speaker will be In troduced by Miss Jeanett* Welch. All clubs are invited to send their reporters and other interested persons are welcome. Mrs. Lela Hendricks, chairman of the Press and Publicity committee;