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INDEPENDENT Published Every Thursday By THE MICHIGAN CHRONICLE PUBLISHING COMPANY MAIN OFFICE: 261 Eliot Detroit I Mich. TEmple 1 4177 • LOUIS EMANUEL MARTIN. Editor Trrmi of Subscription (payable in advance) On# Yaar. S4 00; Nina Months. S3.SO: Six Months S2.SO National Advertising Representative ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS. INC. 56$ Filth Are. New York IS. I . Y. • BrS 4577 Entered as sacond class Matter May 1. 1940 at the Post Offica at Datroit. Michigan, under the act of March 3. IS7S ACTION NEEDED Last week we learned of another outrageous abuse of the civil rights of Negroes in Detroit. A croup of students decided to celebrate their gradu ation by a trip on the Robin Boat. In the group was one colored student wno was separated from her \' hite companions and to reed off the boat b\ the Hoblo management. Hit only offense was that she was born colored instead of white. This brazen act of racial discrimination follows the pattern of provocation to which many Negroes have had to submit and when they protest, they are condemned as apitators. Fortunately, our citizens have in the majority of these cases maintained their composure and broupht their prievances to the au thorities. This is the only way these abuses will be corrected. To fipht back on the spot, which is the first impulse of most Americans who are personally assaulted, only creates more trouble and does noth ing to stop such abuses. Nevertheless, the authorities must act. This business of tryinp to cover up and.smooth over basic abuses of the civil riphts of any citizens is a fool hardy effort. Justice must be done and when the constituted authorities refuse to face the issue, they weaken their authority and undermine the confi dence of the peneral public. The public places which deny Neproes service and treat them with contempt can be broupht into line. In the first place many of the larper establish ments, notably the Cunningham Drug chain and the Sanders Stores, operate successfully without dis criminating against patrons on the basis of race. We believe the civic riphts laws of the state ought to apply to all public places. If owners of public en terprises refuse to obey the law, they should have their licenses revoked and put out of business. The Inter-racial Committee and our public of ficials are forever expressing their concern over racial tensions in Detroit and mapping programs to combat them. Here is an opportunity for these gas bags to get up off their lazy brains and do some thing constructive toward correcting the conditions which cause tension. They can put the heat on the public places which are violating the laws of Michi gan by refusing to serve Negro citizens. The| NAACP and the Prosecutors Office can furnish them with enough complaints to start this program now. This practice of refusing to serve Negroes is not very old in Michigan. Il started some 20 years ago when the city began to expand and the refu gees from Europe and the South poured into De troit to man its new factories. Many of these refu gees tried to Americanize themselves overnight by imitating the worst elements in the population. Ineffective civic and governmental leadership in Detroit permitted the anti-democratic forces to run wild. Now an atmosphere has developed in the community which bears on some occasions more re- Femblance to Germany than America. Today our community and governmental leadership k n o w s that it must challenge these anti-democratic forces or submit to a condition of unrest and chaos. There can he peace in Detroit and our majority' groups can live together in harmony. To achieve this our city fathers must make a stand against the growth of racism, against the extension of the doc trine of the Ku Klux Klan, against the sadistic, bullies who kick other people around. THE GAS-HOUSE GANG One of the most disgusting exhibitions of native American fascism held during these war years took place last week in the U.S. Senate. While the Presi dent and eminent national leaders were praising the United Nations charter as a proclamation of freedom and democracy for the whole world, a hand ful of Southern Senators as raising the banner of race hate here at home. These Negro-hating, anti-Uatholic, Jew-baiting Southern Senators unashamedly labored to con vince their colleagues that God and the Constitu tion were all wrong about the brotherhood of man. Senator Theodore Bilbo, the chief chest-thumper, yelled: “Some Catholics in this country are lined with some rabbis trying to bring about racial equal ity for the niggers.” Senator James 0. Eastland smeared the graves of our war dead by declaring that our soldiers are “an utter and abysmal failure.” These Senators who were elected to office by a, 1 small clique of voters in their poll-tax states used the Senate as a sounding board for a philosophy which sounds like an echo of the ranting of Himmler end Hitler. Fortunately for America, however, these roaring reactionaries are winning applause from, dwindling audiences. Many Southerners are ashamed of them. Nevertheless, the damage these Senators do cannot he dismissed. If the liberal majority of Americans refuse to accept the challenge implicit in the utterances of these mountebanks and charlatans, they may find a way to exploit the fears and prejudices of the peo ple and win new power in this democracy. If they were sleeping dogs, we might be wise to let them lie. Unfortunately, they are not sleeping and they will never sleep as long as they can believe that there is an opportunity to twist our country into the shape of a southern swastika, the fiery cross. The fight these Senators put up against the FEPC should he a warning to all Americans who cherish the nation’s ideals. Victory over fascism abroad and at home is still a long way off. This is no time to rest from our labors against the forces of evil. The Southern gas-house gang must be de feated because in the long run they will wreck America just as surely as the Axis gang against which our hoys are fighting today. THE WAR DEPARTMENT It was reported in the nation’s press last week that Colonel Benjamin 0. Davis Jr., the son of the only Negro Brigadier General in the U.S. Army, was appointed commander of the 477th Composite Group. This group includes the airmen who refused to sign an agreement indicating their acceptance of Jim (’rowism at Freeman Field. These men re- acknowledge tfie principle of “white su premacyy” which is a Nazi principle and not a democratic one. Now we have been informed by Major General Surles that three officers who allegedly were the “ring-leaders” in the Freeman Field affair are going to he court-martialed. The charges against them were preferred by the notorious Colonel Robert R. Solway, who has been replaced as commander by ( olonel Davis. We have been informed also that ( olonel Davis is a member of the group which will hear the charges against these men. We hope that the appointment of Colonel Davis as commander and as a member of the court-mar tial'will result in a fair and democratic deal for these airmen. By fair and democratic we mean that the double-standards to which these men have been sub jected should be abolished, that none of these men will be penalized for protesting against abuses. for us, gold braid will never be able to camou flage the dirty, arrogant practice of rank racial segregation. We hate jim-crowism with all our hearts. We hate it because it is fascist; it pits group against group; it breeds suspicion and distrust; it is the handmaiden of violence and the hall-mark of the devil himself. Racial segregation is a violation of our Consti tution and a crime in a democracy. Those who advocate racial segregation are ene mies of America. This goes for colonels, generals and presidents. The War Department knows it is morally wrong in perpetuating this vicious system and it has sought all manners of ruses to square this segregated practice with a war for democracy and freedom. It has failed and it will always fail. If these new moves announced by the War De partment result in the modification of the Jim-Crow practices to which these airmen have been sub jected, we shall he the first to hail them. If they re sult in the further entrenchment of these practices, we shall be the first to damn them. We believe in de mocracy and we will have no truck with fascism, native or foreign. We hope this is clear. ™]^#/vwc/er Hope wr ran say something equal io tnat purty new hoari The make-up boys really fixed things up. • • • Earl Brown. Life man and Artis te'dam News columnist, wrote the lead article in Harpers this month It is a crystal-clear picture of what's going on. and wrong, in Detroit lanof relations. Mr. Brown says if management. labor and government don t get together soon, Detroit i« due for trouble. • • * Incidentally. Mr. B and his at t (dive #ife are in town for three seeks down at the Book. He's do .ng a story on Detroit for Life. • • • We hear 'hat Father Divine has put the reies’ial finger on Hiro h;to T.old Japan to surrender immediately' Peace, father, it's truly wonderful. • • • The con'erence in India to fash ion a more Indian government has been put- ofT for two weeks Tne British want to pick the con fr Mr«. TandP. Nehru s >-* ter. ;s pretty shrewd and she fig i"e« the v hole conference ha« lust hern s' for f ffert by the government party with an eye to •he fast-approaching British elec tions. • • • Gov F11.« Arnall of *he good sta'e of Georgia looks upon that .undent of the two IS-year-old Negro boys being chained on a county industrial farm a« a per sonal affront. He thinks it ruined his pretty record on penal clean ups in the state down there. # • • Wish Ihe dailies would stop h ghlighting every infinitesimal d.fferrnre between labor and man agement. and labor and labor If w .despread stn'e should break out here the pen-pushers down tnwn will he responsible for no little part of it. . . . CoL B. O. Davis, the new bom-1 EDITORIAL PAGE OF THE MICHIGAN CHRONICLE her-commander, had heen quietly learning how to pilot bomber planes for several weeks before his return from Italv. We hear some of the Godman Field fel lows are not so pleaded with the colonel. Think he s too tough. Hope it isn't true. • • • Well He very surprised if Byrnes doesn't get that State De partment spot. And week by week, the department gets wor<e Nonce now- that William Phillips has been thrown out. Dates back to when he went to India as an observer for FDR. and told him that Ind a should he given its in dependence British got mad and haven't gotten over it yet. • • • Green Pastures Camp ha< started its summer season. Must be nre and cool up there now. • • • One afternoon last week, seven Jnnn R-Oakland buses puiled up by Sams downtown over a period of IS minutes in which a line of people stretched a-ound the hlork and nothing moved The buses lust s'opped while the starlets ran around and talked to the drivers. Toe waiting people, incidentally, taxpayers and. therefore, owners n' the DSR, just stood m the hot sun and cussed. • • » Tmpioved Morale Department: First American paper in overseas edition in Germany for Gls be sides Army papers' was the Chi cago Tribune, isolationist, anti- Now Deal anti-FDR, anti-every thing sheet. • • • If any of you have a free hour occasionally, why don t you call Rev Hill and «ee what you can do to help It 11 do vou good to ring a few doorbells for your can d.da'.c No election i« ever a snap, and this one has no p etrnse of being one Rv tne wa> registered vet'’ Don t say we didn 1 remind you Dora is uni Rogell myit go —OUT! Keep fighting. THE FACTS IN OUR NEWS By HORACE A. WHITE Bllho I* Partly to Rlimr . . . FF.PC Max killed brriunr the force* In the United State* C'on irfM that have been giving lip aervlce to a fair employment measure did not act for democ racy. Bllho could have been *topped in hi* bloody track* if the Senate had voted for cloture. Cloture I* a method for limiting debate to one hour on a given mea*ure. Cloture i* operative after two-thirds of the Senate vote In favor of limiting debate to one hour. The Senate did not vote for clo ture Certain senators gave all kind* of reason* why they did tioi vote for cloture. No matter what reason any partio lar senator gave for no' voting for cloture, the peo ple will understand that the lip service given to FF .PC all along was only lip vyittu-Tio real inten tion of e\cr passing the measure as ,i permanent bill or giving the temporary committee the money needed to continue its good work. The Democratic and Republi can Parties allowed Bilbo and hi* ilk to kill FEPC. Both par ties went up and down the land pledging such support. Both par ties said over and over again that it wax the democratic thing to do . . . pass a fair employ ment measure. In the face of these pledges to the American people both Demo cratic and Republican Parties al lowed Sen. Bilbo to talk the FF.PC Bill to death. Mr. Riloo blew the parties’ pledges right out the window for the parties with out the parties leaders ever hav ing to lift a little finger to go back on their pledges to the American people. Now everybody can damn Bilbo for bilbloing FEPC to death. The forces in the Congresa should have been as concerned about stopping Bilbo's fascism as they were about stopping Hit ler's fascism. In fact, there I* not too much point to giving the blood of our youth to stop fas cism and Hitler except we de velop the capacity to stop fas cism at home in our own Con gress. Let us all work to see that too many people are not misled by the over-playing of Bilbo's rambling* in the newspa pers. Os course. Bilbo is das tardly. But the people in the Congress were more dastardly to allow Bilho to get away with his ramblings to the extent that he did. Bilbo was supported in his dirty work because there were not enough people In the Congress who actually thought differently from Bilho. If there had been more people in the Congres who thought differently from Bilbo. Bilho could not have possibly gone as far as he did *o. The war in Europe has made one thing very clear and that is that fascism cannot survive anywhere without the people agreeing to disregard their responsibility for the well-being of the national life. Fascism could not have arisen in Germany if the people had shown a will to fight fascism. Bilbo in these United States cannot survive a day longer than the people al low him to survive. Our Congress has been in dicted hv the killing of the fair employment measure. Our Con gress will not feel the result of its indictment if we are side tracked Into using our energies to damn cheap little Sen. Bilho. Bllho does not have more power than the Congress. Our Congres* ha* rules to take rare of men surh as Bilho who would ob struct the Congres* from mak ing a record of its thinking and feelings no matter what those feelings and thinking are on a given issue. Most of the American people know that Congress was afraid to set to record its attitude on fair employment for all the people. Congressmen were not afraid of the peoples’ reaction to fair em ployment. Congressmen know that the people want fair employment for all the people. Congressmen do not want fair employment for all the people. Rilbo prevented the people from knowing how com pletely their congressmen were out of step with the wishes of the people. The congressmen can go back home and say that they wanted to vote for FEPC but were prevented from doing so because of the Bilbo man. The common people of Amer ica must not he allowed to say that nothing can he done. Sornc ■ thing ran he done. Something 1 must be done. When the hoys in the front line of battle read all the silly thing* that Bilho ha* said the hoys in battle will he very discouraged. In order to soften the blow’ that Bilho has dealt their moral we on the home front must redouble our effort* In behalf of democracy. FF.PC must not die. The people ran see that FF.PC Is on our law hooks with enough money appro priated to have the law work. Negroes will feel frustrated over the things that the man Bilbo has uttered on the floor of Congress. Negro leadership must not over play Rilbo's savings in the think ing of the masses of Negro people. To over-play the sayings of Bilbo will sidetrack the main objective of the oppressed people of the United State*. What the common people want is fair employment for all the people. Bilbo did not prevent the bill from coming to a vote in the Senate. The Sen ate prevented the bill from com ing to a vote. Bilbo was used as the spade to do the dirty work A constructive fight for FEPC is the next order of the dav. Let us pro ceed with Ihat next business Some big industrialists, some labor unions. American, fa-sclst and other bigot* prevented FEPC from becoming law. The*e are the forres that have to he overcome. Bllho I* only their tool. Open Drive To Aid Marine Veterans NEW YORK-To provided and assistance to permanently disabled and retired merchant seamen vet erans. regardless of race or creed, are the objectives of the newly organised Merchant Marine Vet erans foundation it was announced this week. Sponsored by a group of public spirited citizens. the foundation has started a nation wide drive for $1 iWtfXVt to support iU benfvoien; program. T V V v V / , v' % X // / r '-y \ COHGMSS f/J -.vw. • J* L AB 0 R /rr/y ////rad fc»Y GEO. W. CROCKET T THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW of the Congress of Industrial Organ izations and of every union affil iated with the CIO requires of its members adherence to the princi- p> of no dis crimination be cause of race, creed, color or nation ality. Sincere CIO members and their fam ilies acc e p t this pr.nciple as a personal standard of conduct not only in the plant, but also in their homes and in their f'y jMrr v{*>•' wijjl Geo. Crockett community activities They try to give it everyday meaning in terms of their everyday lives. As Mrs. Crockett and I have found, this is not always easy. And. thinking that our experi ences might mirror to some ex tent similar experiences you have encountered with your families. 1 invited her to collaborate in the writing of this week's column on PREJUDICE The result was that she actually wrote the column! Here it is. Prejudice is rampant in our own family! We were not shocked over this discovery, but we are disturbed greatly over the fart that in our three children—ages 9. fi and 4. the seeds of intolerance already have been planted. How? By the radio, movies, cartoons, funny books, and the ill considered expressions of adults the way the innocent minds of in fancy always have been and. we suppose, always will be infected with bigotry. We doubt if there is one Negro family who has not experienced a sense of fear and a feeling of re luctance in deliberately bringing into this life a little Negro child who must inevitably come face to face with Mans inhumanity to man'’ - ' And what is true of Ne gro parents is. doubtlessly, true of Jewish. Polish, Japanese-Ameri can and other so-called minority group parents as well. Each of us expeers our child to grow up intelligent, strong and ambitious. And because of this, we wonder to ourselves just how much we can shield that child in its early years and protect it un til he op she has built up enough armour against the racial, relig ious and nationality intolerance it is bound to encounter when it reaches school age. We suppose we shall always be disturbed, too. over the early age at which children become con scious of our over-emphasized col or and religious ‘differences" At four years of age our oldest daughter, while busily washing her hands, was asking her father, "Daddy, if I stay in the sun long enough, will my hands get as brown as yours’" Our two school-age children ha\e been attending Catholic school, although, so far as we know, all of their ancestors were Protestants. After one year, both children have expressed a desire to be confirmed. This simple rhoice on their part has compiled us to re-examine our own relig ious convictions. Do we have the right to let them choose at their tende r ages to make themselves members of a double minority first as Negroes, then as Catholics’ The answer they have received may not he the approved answer, hut WC think if a fair one We have asked them to wait until they are able to recognize the gen eral distinctions between relig ions and then they may make their own choice We told them that their paternal grandfather is a Baptist minister and their ma ternal grandfather was an Afri can Episcopal minister. We ex plained that their paternal grand mother was a Presbyterian before her marriage and we pointed out that two of our closest friends and their little twin girls are of the Jewish faith. And. finally, we re minded them that the young lady who used to help wilh the fam ily s housework was a Moslem and the church they called ' the Saturday church" wa« the Sev e*i»h-n*r Adventist church We probabl* abouid £uv« adaaA ihwi TOO BIG daddy grew up an AME, went to a Baptist college, ultimately joined the Methodist Episcopal church and is now looking for a Unitari an church! But in spite of what we consid ered very convincing arguments, the Catholic Sister at the school ultimately settled the question to their childhood satisfaction! She so wisely advised the older child to ‘ wait until you get bigger " So our daughter reports. * I guess I 11 wait until I’m bigger to become a Catholic.” And her brother says "Oteay with me. too ” That has not ended the matter, however, lor in fairness to all. we think it owr duty to begin now to te*ch them about the dif ferent religions. We have begun by having them study that most interesting and fascinating little book for children <and adults nl*o>, ‘One God.” by Florence M Fitch 's2 00 at UAW Bookstore in Detroit >. But back to 4 he subject of prej udice m children. The present war propaganda ha* caused our children to do much talking about the Japanese—whom thev insist, until corrected, on calling by that derogatory word, ''Japs” Then conversation runs the gamut of the newspaper horror pictures of Japanese cruelty which somehow has filtered through to the.r child ish consciousness But to us their worse fault has been their mimic conception of how Japanese ap pear to them n the comic strips and movie shorts —and hence, how real Japanese must look. They il lustrate thu* by putting their I thumbs in the corner* of their mouths, stretching their mouths up and out and exposing their teeth, while their fingers push their lit tle eyes up to create a slanting ef fect. Then they announce w ith a certain pride of accomplishment. 'Mother, that's how the Japs look.” Os course we ended this exhibi tion promptly and effectively! We probably were all the more severe because we were thinking of those illustrations of coal black, kinky headed, big-eyed, puffy-lipped and grinning men. women and chil dren which our newspaper* and funny books present each week to thousands of white children and adults in America as a true exam ple of how their Negro fellow-cit izens look. But here again our corrective methods did not end Fortunately, we have several Japanese-Ameri can friends. We invited them to our home and made it a point to have our children around. Our children now have seen In our home three Japanese-American adult*. At first our son insisted they must he Chinese. We ex plained that thev were not Then each child talked, laughed and played with our guests to his and her heart’s content. At breakfast the following morn ing. our *on said, "Daddy, those people didn't look like Japane*r” His sister, the older, added before we could reply, "But they were, 'cause mother and daddy said they were: didn't you. mother?” Have we convinced them tha' everything they hear or see must not be taken at fare-value? (’an they actually feel that the Japa nese they do not know also look art »nd lalk like human beings'* Must the haired our armed force* w’ere taught in feel b* also visited upon our little one* who. in turn, will pass it on to their playmate* at school and to their children when they are grown’ And. final ly. how ran we ever he. sure that we do not pass on to our young some of the bitterness that ac cepted patterns in nur national life have placed deep within our own hearts'* Each of us parents must answer these question* snorter or later. But. meanwhile, all of «;s must sometime wonder how the all wise Solomon and his colored wife would advise so-railed minority group parents in America today to rear their young onv to stand up and be men and women 4 "»hort-pso*» union" h»s been nr gsnred tn tyvndonderrv. Eire hv I young men mostlv in toe p-ef**-ionsl eles* w*in wish to • ihoiish *»up and con* I veaiita m dre*e and behavior.” SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1945 Bill Advocates Speaker Heir To Presidency Bv HARRY MrALPIN WASHINGTON. D C < NNPA> -A bill th.it would make Sam Rayburn, speaker of the Hou*e of Representatives, and Democratic representative from. Texas, next in line to suc< red to the Presidency of the United States wa* passed bv the Hou.v-p last week and sent tit the Senate I? i* expected the Senate will not rush it* action oil the measure The House bill follows close] y the suggestions set to congress hv President Truman a few day* *go. The Pre*ident proposed that in event of the death or incapacity of both the President and Vice Presi dent. the next in line to he the Speaker of the House instead of the Secretary of State as is now the case Despite the logic of the Pre*i dents suggestion. Negroes have been disturbed because the pres ent occupant of the Speaker'* post i* Sam Rayburn. Rayburn 1* re ported to he unsympathetic to ail progressive measures of benefit to Negroes The matter is one. however, a* pointed out hv close observers in which all Americans have a stake It dramatize*, they *av the vested interest of citizen* all over the countrv in the abolition of the poll tax and all other voting restric tions used in the South. Rayburn come* from a congres sional district with a population of over 270 000 In 1940 ia Presiden tial election year*, the total vo'e in h;.« ba.liwirk was only 40 04.1. or 14 7 cent of the population In 1042 »an off-year» the vote was only 11 7fifl. of 4 1 per cent On these meager votes, he is in posi tion to succeed to the Presidency of the United States despite the fact a representative number of his own constituents could not vote for him. Labor Leaders Against Peace- Time Training WASHINGTON. D C.-IWDIJ- Oppositmn to universal military conscription in peacetime scored with the weight of their testimony as the Hnii'.e Select Committee on Post-War Military Polirv turned to consideration of testimony gi\>n by leaders from all over the coun try and by military leaders in Washington during trie hearings With the addition of both AFL and CIO leaders to their ranks, the voices against conscription after the war included educators, religious leaders, social and rivif leadeM and both independent and affilia ted labor unions. Among the unions that offered strong testimony against the meas ure as a threat to labor s rights and to the life of the nation was H F, Mcljflunn international field organizer for the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Mr McLmirin cal'.ei upon Con gress to "Give us more democracy, not less Give us freedom with opportunity and responsibility, not conscription and imposed disci pline Give us democracy free of segregation, discrimination, pover ty and hate, a democracy of jui* tice and equality for all. and that example will establish the peace of the world " White Gives Radio Report On July 7 NEW YORK—Secretary Walter White will make a radio report of his four months tour of the Pacific, investigating the treatment of Ne gro soldiers. Saturday, July 7. 3 30- 3 4.fi pm.. (EWT) over the Colum bia Broadcasting System He Will speak from WKRC. the CBS station in Cincinnati, Ohio. The report of Mr. White's first trip to the Furopean theater of war m 1044 as a New York Post war correspondent is told in his book. A Rising Wind," now- in iti fifth pnfttiAt