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HRISTIANIA, Norway, July 25. This is the evening of "Nor way's golden age. Bjornson and Ibsen and Grieg are still among the living, but their cre ative days are over and not many years can elapse before death claims them for hia own. With them will fade* away the golden age of Norway, in which her greatest creations in litera ture and drama and music have chal lenged the admiration of the world. Around these three stars of the first magnitude there have clustered a gal axy of lesser lights who have aided in making this creative Norwegian period remarkable. But it is sadly admitted, even here in Norway, that no new stars are coming into view to give promise of shining with the world-illuminating radiance that marks the careers of these throe men. "What a privilege it is, then, for the Norwegians of today to live neighbors to these threeIbsen of Christians, Bjornson of Aulestad and Grieg of Bergen I Henrik Ibsen, the greatest living dramatist, is passing away the. evening of his life in a flat on Drammenvei, one of the pnn3ita streets of Cnnstiania. His mind is clouded and his strength is gone. A stroke of paralysis has cast a -blight upon his existence and only oc casionally does his once regal myid re sume its sway for short periods of clear sightedness. He sees no one under any circumstances and soon the clouds, that Wow gather round him, will deepen into final darkness. This merciless surgeon of the human soul, this remorseless pessimist who spoke the truth in its most awful aspects, now sits amid the terrors of a darkness that will never lift on this earth. His message is said, his work is done. Contrast Between Ibsen and Bjornson. What a contrast between Ibsen's last days and those of the buoyant, hopeful, optimistic Bjornson' in his country home at Aulestad, amid the hills and valleys he loves so well, surrrounded by his numerous and loyal family, happy the companionship of his dear old wife, honored by the world, revered by tho nation and loved by all who come with in the magic circle of his beautiful per sonality! Optimism and pessimism tread different paths aWd bring their followers to different ends. Ibsen has told the world bitter truths and has told them with concentrated bitterness. And he has not been able to keep that bit terness out of his own life. Compell ing the admiration of the world by the mastery of his genius, he has Never been able to win the love of his fellow men. Bjornson, toot is wedded to the truth. But he sees it thru the rosy idealism that envelops him like an aura. He has faith in his fellow man and that faith Illumines all his work. The Trip to Aulestad. It was with the most eager antici pations that we set out upon our long pilgrimage to Aulestad. Some hundred and twenty-five miles from Norway's capital the path layby rail to Lille hammer, with a night's rest at a clean, little country hotel, and then by a cal eehe with one horse from the ''skyds- station" over fourteen miles of won derful roads to Aulestad. That drive thru the beautiful valley of Gudbrands dal, amid the blue hills and by the smooth green waters, put us in the right frame of mind, it seemed, for the ob ject of our pilgrimage. And as our postboy turned his pony into the side road that led to the poet's haven, we saw floating in the air from many staffs the flags or many nations. You may be sure the stars and stripes were among themfor Bjornson loves America as no other country save his own. And there was the "clean flag" of Norway, tooas they call the simple blue cross on the red field since the jack denot ing the union with Sweden was taken off. Sweden, you know, has not yet taken the union jack from her flag, greatly tho the Norwegians have de sired such action. But from another staff there flew a clean'' Swedish flag, such as was never seen across the border. Looks Like His Pictures. The telephone two days before had Se 'ven warning of our coming and when servant took our cards, but a few moments elapsed before the great Biorn stjerne Bjornson himself appeared to give us welcome. I was he, indeed unmistakably the man who had re created the literature of Norway and li^f|-f^^ :::^^^p^f!l ^J|f^^^y Saturday Evening^ w".wv ryjfmvwr? fr^^-^v^r^ STEAD'S TERRIFIC ONSLAUGHT ON THE STAGE OF TODAY He Has Caught the Ear of England by His Attack on Licen- tious PlaysHe Advocates a National Theater and Shaksperian Plays. Correspondence New York Press. London.In a recent interview W. T. Stead says: 1 have now been visiting the thea ters for nine months. At times I've felt as if I were in hell, but not once have I felt as if I were in heaven." W. T. Stead is a man of impulses. He goes as his will directs, without ever stopping to weigh the conse quences. He avows he is always seek ing the truth. There is no convention about Stead. Ho flings himself into evory problem with the impetuosity and enthusiasm of youth. He does not care whose toes he tramples upon. He is being struck with ideas every hour of the day, and he seizes them and works them out to his satisfaction without fear or favor. He has caught England by the ears by his terrific on slaughts on the stage. He went into the fight single-handed and without gloves. It is almost impossible to measure the man to get in sympathy with his views and his acts we first must see him as an irrepressible hustler, as a man who wastes no time in pre liminaries, but goes with fidgety ener gy direct to the point at issue. Stead is the one Englishman with the Amer ican reporter's handiness of plunging headlong into a story instead of sav ing the vital paragraphs for the last few lines. "Yes, I thought I found myself in hell, and I am not sure that the pure air of God yet has blown all the con tamination off me. A marvelous oppor tunity unfolds itself before the thea ter, but the theater is the most lamen tably neglected institution I know of. Mind you, I am not sparing myself a scolding in this connection. I causes me profound regret that I never stood in a theater until the eve of life. What an incongruity! Here I was mingling in the activities of all the world, yet without a child's knowledge of one of the most important features in our civilization. "If only the stage would become -an educator. To me it seems that is its BJORNSTJERNE BJORNSON. From His Latest Photograph. given it an individuality, a style and a vjgor hitherto unknown. The finely chiseled but strong features, framed in the silver white of hair and beard, with which we had become familiar in tho photographs one sees of him in every shop, were now smiling hos pitably. But no mere photogiaph could give one any notion of the merry eyes that beamed on us two Americans with such kindly humor. Ah, it is the politic you come to ask me of?" he said his quaint Eng lish, as he led us into the parlor. He was clad in a spotless suit of dove colored serge, with trousers and long skirted coat precisely creased, and thro was later supplemented with a soft felt hat of the cream color that Horace Greeley was wont to wear. And so we sat down and fell to talk ing of the crisis, how it came about and what would be its issue. Bjoruson is the idealist, the reformer, and his poet's imagination leads him into rosy dreams of how things should be. For vears he has been the preacher and the teach er of the liberals. As he says himself, he can plan reforms, but he has not the practical genius to execute them, He has set many reforms on foot in Nor way that have come to full fruition un der the management of less imaginative but more practical men. He has preach ed separation from Sweden along with universal suffrage and a republican form of government for years. And now by fate's strange irony, when sepa ration has at last been achieved, the great reformer finds himself unable to approve of the way in which it was ac complished. His voice is one of the very few in Norway that have been raised in protest against the radical measures of the Michelsen ministry and the storthing. Approves Result but Not Method. "No," he said sadly, I cannot quite approve of the manner of the ruptuie, completely as I approve of its obiect. It was not my program they followed. It would have been better to have waited until the next election September, 1906, and then to have had a vote of the people on the sepa ration fT"om Sweden. So nearly unani mous would that vote have been and so imperative the mandate, that Swe den would have been forced to sub mit peaceably to the dissolution. The king would never have dared oppose the people's will thus expressed. "But now there is such hate against us in Sweden that I fear it will never die out. I am a man of peace. I hate hate. No one knows how long it will take us to regain the friendship of that noble people, the Swedes. We need their friendship. These two peoples should stand together. Yes, yes. I should be so. But now" and Bjorn son shook his head sadly. A Greater Scandinavia. "It puts off the day of the great union of all Scandinavia go much far- ther," he went on. "Destiny intends that all the three Scandinavian coun tries shall one day be united into one great democracy. There are eleven millions of us and we must stand to- THE HOUSE AT AULESTAD. The Unpretentious but Comfortable Sum mer Home of the BJornsons in Central Norway. golden mission. Instead of all this flamboyant display, instead of these frivolous tendencies, these paradin-er o choruses foT the mere sake of stirring the grosser senses, these vain protru sions of stars, or the directing of the stage as a commercial asset, give me a theater intellectual, morally sound, fit for any one to put his foot in without dread of fleshly corruption. "To be candid, I am nothing more or less than' a tyro sitting .-judgment, but I have this advantage, that I ap proach the subject with fresh ideas. 1 am not grounded in prejudices in any direction, formed thru lifelong ac quaintance with plays and players. Now, here is the first big thought that struck me. The newspaper is the great is the realtheater of this genera tion. Our editors are our theatrical managers and sometimes, as in the case of myself, they fill the double role of actor-manager. The public was with out a press when Shakspere lived. Be fore the sixteen century ran* to an end there were 200 licensed playhouses London, and then the city had a popu lation only of about 180,OuO. Against this we find that London today has around 4,500,000 inhabitants, while there are only fifty theaters and music halls, or one place of amusement for every 90,000 persons, against one for every 900 in the time of Elizabeth. "What we want in England and America is a theater that will not serve merely as a means of trifling away idle hours, but of elevating us in our spare moments. I insist it is possible to find improvements for ourselves in our en tertainments. I cannot do other than emphasize again' that thought of the theater becoming an educator. I seems to me at times that this whole problem of tho stage, no matter how it may be threshed out, always inevitably tends back to the same issue of its being a great silent teacher. "Hree now I come to one of the points which I, as a tyro, am most anx ious to make. Until the theater places itself upon the same footing as the WMM church it cannot fulfill its true mission in the world. That's it we must have the men who frequent theaters taking the same personal interest in them as they do in their churches. Blame me as a non-conformist for this attitude, but cast aside your petty fancies, your half-thought-out prejudices, and I am sure you will come to my way of think ing. The fault with playgoers as I see them is that they are stage-hardened. They do not seem to be able to stand back and look at the stage as I, the tyro, the novice with his mind all open for impressions, am enabled to do. Some how or other we must get rid of the vast multitude of simply pleasure-seek ing theatei goers, and save the stage for those elect who love it for its abound ing inherent beauty, for the power for good which is in it, for the direct and at the samp time subtle appeal it makes to all the public. "Where are we now?down in the black pit where dances that infernal doll of Mr. Pmero, whom I have been told is the greatest living English dramatist. I was when I went to see Mr. Pinero's 'The Wife without a Smile' that I caught a glimpse of the deepest, blackest depths. My heart sank within me when later I pondered the pl?v in silent communion, and thought that not only I, but the whole audience, had foolishly, wickedly laughed at the insinuating capers of that fiendish invention. What kind of a theater is this that it indorses Mr. Pin ero a.s its premier playwright when he dares to perpetrate a destestable affair like this doll, mocking the most sacred relations of husband and wife. Am I to understand that Mr. Pinero stands as the symbol of all that is great and en viable in the way of plavwriting in the English-speaking world? I hope not I pray not. That play, that doll, nause ated me, and you cannot imagine what joy I felt when Mr. Pinero and this imp of his were given short shrift in America. That wabbling doll, that licentious creation, never got further than New York, and, best of all, during its short sojourn there, not once was it made to go thru the suggestive vibra tions that in the end shocked thinking persons here. We want faith first, and then organ ization. Just think of itthe Salvation Army in this country raised $350,000 in its week of self-denial. Why cannot we do something like that for the theater? "Give us a national theater in Eng land and a national theater in the United States. I like the movement that is on foot in America for the build ing of a really national theater. Keep on with it that is a step in the right direction. Raise edifices to Shakspere the common heritage of the English speaking world. -ShakspereI speak the name with veneration. I am thank ful that I have lived to see his plays THE MINNEAPOLIS JOURNAL.1 A DAY WITH BJORNSTJERNE BJORNSON THE "GRAND OLD MAN" OF NORWAY By W. B. CHAMBERLAIN, Managing Editor of The Journal Copyright, 1905. gether. Norway is intended by destiny to be the link between Sweden ana Denmark. Our language, our literature and our history unite us with Den mark, whose people sympathize with us always in our union troubles. On the other hand, we are neighbors to the Swedes and have been bound in a union with thorn for nearly a century. So you see, Norway can bring them, to- een etherif only the Swedes had not so hurt in their feelings. You know my great dream is a union of all the Teutonic nationsAmerica, Eng land, Germany, Scandinavia and Hol landin a federation that shall guard tho peace of the world. How grand that would bel "But now that the act of June 7 has been done, we are all united for the new order of things. Yes, Norway is now one man. There are no differences botween usof that you may be sure. We are by light entitled to be free and independent, and we will never give up our sovereignty, never. You cannot blame us for that. We do not want to fight, and we ^cannot believe that Sweden will be so foolish as to make us fight. Yet if we must, we shall, and Norway, now as ever, will prove unconquerable." "And is it to be a republic or a monarchy?" I asked. Bjornson Is a Republican. "Ah, there is the trouble. I am a republicanves, always a republican. If we had waited and broken the union peaceably by a plebiscitum, then we might have had a republic with no one to deny us. But now, I fear, we must have a monarchy. We must conciliate Sweden by taking a Ber^iadotte for our kingif Sweden will be wise enough to consent. We must gain our place in the council of nations by having a kingdom. Perhaps Oscar will let us have his son Eugenethat would please the artists and the poets. Eugene is a fine man, an intellectual man. He has a fine ingenium. Perhaps he would be the best. But I think we shall have Carl, for Carl would bring with him Ingeborg of Denmarkand thus we should have Sweden and Denmark in Norway. That would be good, you see, and it would help the union along. But some day we shall have a republic in Norway." And what of King Oscar?'' "He is a very good man, very wise and very just. It ~was not always so, but since his serious illness of a few vears ago he seems to have been entire ly made over. The queen, his wife, is a beautiful character. Sh* is his con science. She is alwavs for peace and she is Norway's friend. We hope he will be wise enough to give us a -prince and to gain Sweden's permission to do so. The Swedes have been quick to take our action as an affront and thev will be slow to recover from their an ger. They have not taken the trouble to inquire into the exact facts and they have said many hard things about Nor way in their newspapers. But Norway has remained patient, calm and cool. She has not retorted, in the hope that eventually her acts would be rightly in terpreted and her motives correctly un derstood, The km should have come to Norway and treated with our lead ers as the king afe&OJbjaY. Instead, he was unfair enoUg$^^^eiC|i^e his sanc tion to the consular '15111 laid treated with his ministers as if he were a Swede and they were oreigners. That has al ways been the troubleSweden has wanted to look on Norway as a province instead of an equal. The German kai serf He will not help Sweden. He has been advising Oscar to make permanent peace with Norway." Hospitality of Aulestad. At last we rose to go, but the hospit able poet would not hear of it. Our tram did not pass Faaberg, the %earest railway station, until afternoon, and we must stay to dinner and meet his family and see the place. His hospitable com mands were given with such sincerity that we had never a thought of dis obeying. So he took us about the rooms, showing us with evident pride his treas uressouvenirs of the great personages of the world, the painters, poets, states men and others who had visited him. The painting he took most pride in was an intimate familv picture of himself surrounded at table by his wife, his sons and daughters bv birth and by marriage, and by some artist friends. State-fair crowds will be given bet ter streetcar service this year than ever before. I is stated today, at the office of the company, that every ef fort will be made to handle the crowds even during the rush hours without crowding or delay. At the new Snell ing avenue works a temporary substa tion will be in operation and a 3,000- horsepower rotary transformer will dis tribute additional power in the inter urban district. Last year the company completed its state-fair yards, where cars could be stored on sidetracks, but had some trouble with its power. The heavy strain, so far from the main stations in Minneapolis and St. Paul was al most more than the line could handle. By the installation of the rotary at Snelling and University avenues, where the new shops are in process of erec tion, this cause of delay and trouble will be removed. The rotary will re ceive power at high pressure from the main station. In addition the compa ny will have its Snelling avenue cross town line in operation and the old in terurban line will draw a part of the traffic from the Como interurban. Work on the new Midway plant is being pushed rapidly. All sand taken from the excavations for the nine large buildings that are going in now is used in the manufacture of concrete blocks and sand bricks to be used in the walls of the buildings. In this way the com pany secures fine building material at a slight expense by utilizing what would ordinarily be waste. performed. They have been a wonder ful revelation to me. I thought I knew his plays, but I didn't half know them. I wonder if I know them yet. You cannot see them in their varied beauty as a student. See Stockwell SoonThat life insur- anceThe Penn Mutual. Andrus bldg. $17.75 to Denver and Return Via the Minneapolis & St. Louis Bail road. Tickets on sale August 30th to September 4th, inclusive. Return limit September 12th, with extension to Oc tober 7th. Stopovers allowed and tick ets good going one route and returning another west of Omaha. Call on J. G. Bickel, C. T. A., 424 Ni,collet avenue, or G. A. E. headquarters, No. 407 Phoenix building. ft A great "Nervine," "Dr. Laurit zen's Malt Tonic." At druggists' or delivered to house. Phone- N. W., East 440 Twia Cjty, 13399. 9*"T&"r The Poet's Swimming Pool. The abounding hospitality of Bjorn son soon led him to ask me if I would not like a bath' Nothing loath, I con sented and he led me down a woodland path to what he triumphantly called "the finest bath in the world." It was a crystal pool formed by damming a strenuous little broolc that tumbles down the hill on his* farm. It is shaded by trees and a bathhouse stands con veniently near, while a small wooden flume brings down a thunderous shower bath on a platform. Whew, but that water was cold' It makes me shiver to think of it. And the shower pounded my back till it was red. But it was a most refreshing bath'I had in the poet's pool' With boyish impatience Bjornson waited for dinner to be announced. I am so hungry," he said naively, and went out to see what the prospects WWMWHlUMtlHHHMmMMWiltWtmmwt EXHIBITION BARN August CHARACTERISTIC PICTURE O MR. AND MRS. BJORNSON. Tt was a charming picture of domestic ity, which good cheer and love seemed to radiate from the face of the poet and to shine by reflection in all the faces about him? There were many other sketches signed by famous names, presented to him on birthday anniversaries and these hung in his workshop, a bright, sunny room overlooking the valley with the hills beyond. He showed us, too, the heavv gold Nobel medal presented to him for his achievements in literature. The Bjornson Home. The Bjornson home is an old peas ant's house which has been made over into a large and comfortable structure, where the family parties in which he delights may be held. Here he stavs in summer, but the winters are too rigor ous for his 73 years and so he spends them with his wife in Italy. Eome, es pecially, he loves. But Aulestad '9 redolent everywhere of his personality it is Bjornson expressed in a home. When we had seen and wondered at his many treasures, he called "Caro- line," the name by which he always speaks to his wife, and soon we were presented to the sweet-faced, silver haired woman who has been the life long companion of the poet, the woman who has been of such inestimable serv ice to him in all his trials and labors. She is rather deaf and speaks only Ger man and Norwegian, so converse' Was not possible, but she smiled a welcome and led us out onto the shaded veranda, where we sat in contemplation of the matchless panorama so characteiistic ally Norwegian. SPLENDID STREETCAR SERVICE FOR STATE FAIR THIS YEAR STREET i9, 1905. HISTORICAL were. A moment," was the report, and as the minutes sped he heaved a sigh. 'Tis as I feared," he said, that is a long moment." At last we were seated about the boardthe poet and his wife at the head. At his side sat Mrs. Chamber lain, whose vis-a-vis was Sigurd Ibsen, son of Henrik Ibsen and husband of Bjornson's.daughtera polished gentle man and diplomat who unites the fami lies of the two famous literary men. His wife was not well and did not ap pear. Erling Bjornson, the youngest son, who runs the farm and who is com ing to America next fall to read from his father's works, had gone up to the 'saeter," or mountain pasture forty nine miles away, and taken with him his brother, Bjbrn Bjornson, who is a famous actor and director of the Na tional theater. At the table also were Dr. Carl Anderson, a famous educator of Chrretiania, and his wife, Miss Niel sen, a friend of the family, and the two tow-headed little girls of Erling. A Real Norwegian Dinner. It was a typical Norwegian dinner the opening fish course followed by HENRIK IBSEN, The Great Norwegian Dramatist, in the Evening of Life. p* JU I SOOIETV. pK*W-w. Now MBHIWIMIIIMIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIiiiinnmMMMHiM,^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,^^,,^^ IL!_ si 9 13 melon, and the roast meat course fol lowed by preserved cranbe-.ries. For dessert there were the delicious wild strawberries which grow so abundantly here, served in whipped cream with sugar. A modest claret was served, anT it we drank each other's healths," saying "skaal" and smiling across at each other in true Norwegian style. Raising his glass to us Herr Bjornson said: "Here is to your mission may" you do us of Norway much good and always tell the truth in your great newspaper!" In return we drank to the health of our host and hostess and hoped for them at least a hundred more years of life in which to bless Norway and the world with their good works. As we ate the fish, cooked as only in Norway they know how, Mrs. Chamber-1 lam asked our host if he did not think it a great mistake that fish were made with bones. He laughed aloud at ti^z, odd idea and said, with laughing prr* affaias speakin ar Godi"" Bjornson for Woman's Eights. The conversation turned to woman's activity in the world. Bjornson ear nestly declared that women'should have* complete and equal political privileges with men. "We need the good influence of women in our politics," he said. "Not alone in the home can woman exert her blessed influence to best advantage. I remember speaking to 2,000 women Boston when I visited America in 1871, and it was a grand and inspiring occasion to see them gathered together. Women have done much for America in the way of reforms. Abolition would have been impossible without them. There is still much for them to do. Our women here are taking pattern after' the American women with their clubs and manifold activities. Here they can vote on all school and municipal ques tions and may hold office in those con nections. Norwegian women are very active in these matters and many mora of them hold office than in America. We shall one day give them all th political rights men have." Shy of Cameras. Bjornson is as joyous and as unaf fected as a boy. He never seems to pose or to be eonscious that he is an ob.-ject of sueh great interest to the world. So many visitors have trained their cameras on him that he shies at the very mention of camera. We had unintentionally left ours behind and when this fact was mentioned with re gret, he at once exclaimed with mock earnestness in his broken English: I love God that you have it not here!" About his own literary work it is al most impossible to get him to talk. I asked him to tell how he came to write that patriotic poem beginning "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, we love this lan'd). This has become the great na tional hymn and is sung by Norwegians on all sorts of occasions the world round. Ho laughed Lappily and led us to a quaint little oil painting of him self as he looked when at the age of 21 he wrote that immortal poem. It was his cousin Kikard Nordraak, who had written the music for it, and he re counted how his father, the good old parson, had called the boy, who was only 19f and said: "Here, see what Bjornst]erne has written. Why is it that you never do anything?' What have you accomplished worth while?" Thus spurred on, the lad sat down and in one day composed the fine swinging hymn to which the words are set. He turned out a musical genius, but, unhap pily, died young. His Minneapolis Visit. Bjornson recalled with pleasure his visit to Minneapolis, thirty-four years ago, and the enthusiastic reception given* him by his countrymen there and listened with interest to some ac count of the growth of the city and state since that day. He is now too old to make the ocean trip again, but he has the most unbounded admiration for the great republic and its people. All too soon the hour for our depart ure arrived and we drove away while the grand old manboy an'd sage in one bared his white locks to the breeze and waved farewell to us with his broad-brimmed hat. Thus came to an end a wonderful day the most memorable to us of all the golden days in Scandinavia. STREET noonup i*r