Richmond times-dispatch. [volume], November 27, 1914, Page SIX, Image 6

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FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2T. 1914.
A WORTH-WHILE GIFT?You can make
your friends happy every day In the
yenr by sending' them a subxcrlptlon
to .THE RICHMOND TIMES-DISPATCH
Champions of tlio South
IF one thing more than another emerges
with clarity and distinctness from the
spirited scrimmages that in tho annual Vir
ginia-Carolina football game carried the pig
skin up and down and across the gridiron at
Broad Street Park, it is that the best team
won. That consummation of tho rribst!
sportsmanlike of all sporting 'Invocations!
should satisfy everybody capable of being!
satisfied with anything less than victory.
North Carolina has no reason to be aBhamed
of the sturdy and gallant youngsters who:
fought under her banner. They played the '
game. But the defense agalnBt which they 1
threw themselves with such desperate cour- ,
age was Impregnable at critical moments, and
the Virginian ofTense possessed sufficient
momentum to carry the ball thrice across tho
line.
By the victory of yesterday Virginia gains
indisputable title to tho championship of the
Soutn.
Ill-Informed Cotton Critics
LTOW ill advised as woll as how ill Informed
* 1 were some of the critics of the Southern
cotton grower, who attacked this European
war victim because he refused to sell at!
7 cents a pound, Is revealed by a report from 1
the Federal Bureau of Crop Estimates. The
report says tha*. the cost of producing cotton
now averages 8.24 cents per pouna.
Much criticism and some sarcasm and
abuse have been heaped on the South by per
sons who did not understand thiB situation.
They looked back over the yearB and found
a long period when cotton sold at 7 or 8 cents,
or even less. As the growers had survived
this period, the critics Baw no reason why
thoy should not endure with less complaint
the existing emergency.
The government report is tho answer. In
1896 the cost of producing cotton averaged
5.27 cents per pound. There was a profit
then, although a small one. when the crop
brought 7 cents. To-day every pound sold j
ftt that figure represents an actual Iosb.
Siegel's Escape Prom Punishment |
IT is easy to understand District Attorney'
1 Whitman's disappointment that Henry
Siege!, the New York merchant who swindled
shareholders in his commercial enterprises
and depositors in his private bank of over
$1,000,000, is to escape with a fine of $1,000
and ten months' imprisonment, which he is
not to s*cve ifj^io makes substantial restitu
tion. *- -
Assistant District Attorney Arthur Train,
i who was in active charge of the prosecution
says the public should be gratified that Siegel
was found guilty of anything, but this feel
ing evidently Is not shared bv Mr. Train's
chief.
It should not bo. The ends of punish
ment are not nerved, its deterrent influence
is defeated wholly, when the thief on a big
scales goes practically scot free, while the
little thief is sent to tho penitentiary for a
long term. Mr. Whitman and the United '
states District Attorney are meditating new i
indictm^tts against Siegel. Thero will be
many to hope that If these indictments are
touud. some will be made to stick better than
the old.
The Kaiser's Social Gift
THAT ?William of Germany has this power
of almost fascinating pretty much
everybody with whom he comes into persona!
touch ia being made clearer every day. In
the quality of impressing himself upon those
who are permitted to see him, the Kuiser
appears to be in a class by himself among
foreign potentates. The training required
for tho exacting business of being a modern
King must develop tact to a high degree of
perfection, along with gractousness of man
ner and the capacity of taking an intelligent
interest In a vast number of subjects. Bo
tildes. when one occupies the loftiest social
position all the world looks up, and if. is
'Within ordinary human capacity to speak
gently when looking down from a height un
attainable to others.
? But the Kaiser must have more than the
ordinary hall marl; of bis training and caste,
else people like American exchange profes
sors would not be practically a unit in laud
ing him almost to the point of reverence.
The learned ones in this country who have
never enjoyed the intimacy with the German
ruler that has been vouchsafed to their trav
eling brethren have expressed scant respect,
for that potentate's ideals and methods. A
large majority of them desire to see the
downfall of Prussian militarism, whereas
most of the exchange professors do not tnako
much effort to conceal either their hope or
(heir belief that it will triumph.
Of course, it is easy ,to ?ay that when an
eminent teacher Is taken away-from his lec
ture room and permitted to approach almost
on I6rms of oquality the German super
headmaster, ho Is flattered and moved to an
extent that may permanently atYect hie Judg
ment. It must bo a thrilling experience to
talk to a man who (or so many years has
contrived to Impress the world as poBsossed
of extra-normal qualities, and who was es
teemed to bo able to wield a weapon of mill- j
tary and social efficiency such as tho world I
has never soon. When such a man unbends
as host to any normal man and drops a word
or two about world politics, why, then, tlio
favored ono had need be an exiradrdinary
creaturo evor to get over tho experience.
liooking Townrd tho Light
THAT was a remarkable gathering of New
York bankers and other business men
on Tuesday last. It was a luncheon, given
under the auspices of tho Merchants' Asso
ciation primarily to celebrate the opening of
the Now York Federal Reserve Dank, but it
developed, In tho words of the N(ew York
Tribune, Into "a "splendid testimonial to tho
spirit of optimism and assured prosperity
which prevails In tho greatest business com
munity in the country."
The adjective selected by tho Tribune to
describe the spirit that animated this pros
perity luncheon and tho hearts and minds of
tho 1,700 leaders of tho nation's commerce
that sat around the tables is exactly expres
sive of the fact. It was, indeed, "splendid."
New York, evidently, is determined slio will
not linger in the doldrums of financial de
pression, and, so deciding, sends a message
of confidenc'o and good cheer to the rest of
tho land.
Foundations for tho optimism that every i
speaker voiced are not far to Beek. William
C. Breed, chairman of tho members' council
of the Merchants' Association, placed his
finfeer on one of them when he said "the Fed
eral reserve act furnishes for the first timo a
stable basis for the future financing of busi
ness interests. The business roan believes
what is a fact, that panics liereaftor will not
so seriously affect his business, and that tho
efforts of a lifetime Cannot be wiped out in
a few weeks."
Thoro is tho first and greatest foundation
for the confidence, now widely held, that, de
spite the terrible blows dealt by the war and J
the depression it has occasioned in many |
n?ori< n cities, as well as throughout al
mpst the whole South, an era of great and
assured prosperity begins to dawn.
There are other foundations, however.
The conferences between secretary of the j
Treasury McAdoo and tho Federal Reserve
Board, on the one hand, and Sir George Paish,
representing the British government, on the
other, havo resulted In definite understand
ing and a more or less definite plan whereby |
American goldv.exportB may be minimized. |
Exports of commodities are Increasing stead- >
ily, and even cotton Is being moved abroad In
substantia' and enlarging quantities. .The
balance of trade for October In our
favor by $67,000,000. The success of the
cotton fund promises quick relief to the
South. Thd steel trade is looking up, helped
perhaps by orders from European belli
gerents.
Why shouldn't there be optimism?and
plenty of It?
Allen Labor
NEW YORK iB threatened with indefinite
delay in the completion of its uorely
needed subways through the action of the
labor unions In calling into play a statute
which prohibits tho uso of alien labor on
public works. The tunnels apparently come
within this classification, as the city's credit
provides the money, and^ the municipality will
come into sole ownership of tho entire system
at the expiration of a certain number of
years.
The interesting claim is set up on behalf of
the contractors that Americans in sufiicfent
numbers cannot be found to use the pick and
shovel, to which assertion the union's repre
sentative returns the equally Interesting re
tort that there are more than enough native
or - naturalized Americans eager to do tho
work for a living wage. Tills wage iB given
as $3 a day, whereas the subway contractors
are paying their laborers between $1.26 and ?
$1.75. The American standard of living qan- j
-?> nmined on such a w:ige, it Is plausi
bly urged. Yet tho aliens not only contrive
to get along on it while performing exhaust
ing toll, but they also manage to save enough
to retire in a comparatively few years to
their native land, where their accumulations
permit them to live according to their own
ideas of comfort.
There aro nonunion authorities who hold
that native Americans will no longer engage
In the lowest forms of manual work. They
look upon that state of affairs as an Indica
tion of the upward tendency in American life,
since the American of the second generation
desires and is able to perform more compli
cated service for the community than is in
volved in digging trenches, or leveling rights
of way, or doiug any of those things which
require little more than muscle.
The Right Way Out
THE constant succession of appeals from
corporations owning sewer and water
mains and other public utilities in the newly
annexed territory, that the city will tako
over these properties, ought not, it is perfect
ly true, to occasion the public uneasiness it
apparently has occasioned. There should be
no shock, for the existence of these utilities
was known to the city government and to
well-informed citizens alBO, and there is a
perfectly easy and simple -method of dealing
with the situation.
Richmond has authorized bond issue of
over $600,000 for permanent improvements
in the annexed territory. Water, gas and
sewerage systems will have to be constructpd,
anyhow. If existing systems are adapted to
city requirements and their owners aro will
ing to sell at a fair price, there seems to be
no reason <vliy the city should not buy rather
than build. v If the systems aro not so
adapted, or !f tiio price asked is excessive, the
city should build In the lirst Instance and
condemn or build in the second.
Ascertainment of ?the facts necessary lo
base a right conclusion ought not to be dif
ficult. The city has an Engineering Depart
ment quite competent to pass on both utility
and value. Until It lias reported, tlio rest
of us can afford to restrain our emotions.
Considering the result of the football game
yesterday In connection with similar results
in former years, the Governor of North Caro
lina still has a right lo declare that it "is a
long time between drinks."
Portugal now announces that it is not quite
ready to enter the war. Waiting, evidently,
to see which way the cat jumps.
The next Mexican bout may be between
Villa and Zapata. It It is staged it should be
a lairly good ono.
SONGS AND SAWS
AdTnntaxfi.
Said a versatile soldier of France:
"My garb you may look at nskanco.
But observe, tf you plcaso,
What 1 carry with ease
in tho logs' of my baggy1 red pants.
"Four hen'a and a bird of a duck?
That I found by the boat of good luck
And. a gander and gooao
It were shamo to turn loose,
In my regimentals are stuck."
The Cold Gray Dam*.
Stubba?llow are you feeling this morning?
Grubbs?As though 1 had exhausted yesterday
all ol my very best reasons for Thanksgiving.
Th? PMRlmlitt Snyss |
Football is not what It was In my day. It!
was a mighty Hat, stale and unprofitable gamo|
in those days In. which we didn't break a log1
or two and half a dozen collarbones.
Shifted a Little.
The Baddest words we hear to-duy
Are not, "It might have been,"
Hut, "Why could wo not get those goals
Wo needod so to win7"
The Difference.
Smoke r?I hope you
.don't object to a good
cigar.
Nonsmbker?Not at all.
Wlty don't yoxj buy a few
occasionally?
Making Profrmn.
Ho?Are you doing your Christmas shopping
early?
She?Yes, Indeed. I have visited every depart
ment of every store in town and looked at!
everything, but, of course, I haven't bought
anything yet. I am putting that off until the
wepk before the holiday.
And lie Lived Up to It.
"Do you believe In love at eight?"
Tho maiden coyly sighed. ?>
"Just now my one bollef is flight,"
The startled swain replied.
So he did what ho thought was right.
Ere he was roped and tied.
THE TATTLER.
Chats With Virginia Editors
The Southwest Times, of Pulaski, remarks:
"In Besk's Weekly, published in Montreal, thero
was cartoon that gave tho condition of Tur
key very well. It was tho Sultan of Turkey
kneeling before a large painting of Emperor
William of Germany, and Is supposed to be say
ing-, 'Allah Is great and Wllholm is his
prophet.'" We hnven't soon that cartoon, but
It is plainly dofiolent, either in the humorous
treatment of the subjoct or In the proportional
limning of the characters represented. It 1b a
self-evident proposition that William la great.
Who's the prophet makes no nevermind, but in
that company Abdul is a net Iobs.
More In sorrow than In anger we mention it.
There ie a brother editing a wee newspaper In
a remote section of the Bluo Ridge Mountains of i
Virginia who has let Thanksgiving Day pass i
without porpetrating a frheeze In which .Turkey's ?
distress at home and abroad are coupled. Car
ntgle's medals and cash awards are reserved
for the ordinary, overyday, common or garden
variety of hero. 4
Tho Bristol Herald-Courier' Is easily bewlt
doied. Its editor says. "One day they tell us
that Germany Is taking part of its troops from
the east to strength the army In the west, and
; next day that Germany Is taking part of Its |
trobps from the west to strengthen the army
In the east." That clear enough! Who runs
may read. "Dutch treat" manoeuvres.
Commenting upon the escape of a prisoner
from tho local bastile, Editor George Greene,
of tho Clifton Forge Bevlow, eays: "Too many
Jails are poorly constructed, and until there is
an Improvement In this direction, wo seo no
way to confine many of tho criminals, as they
find little difilculty In getting.out of some of
tho JallB apd then eluding the officers when
once out In tho open. Tho escape of Harvey
Loonoy aptly illustrates what wo are tiylng
to say.' Whero's Looncy now?
This, from the Covington Virginian, Is,mani
festly out of order: "The Staunton Leader says
i! nl Sti.g Slngi has beer a disgrace to New
Vork foi many years. Don't you suppose Its
I'je clr-ss of people that uie permitted to hang
around that plnce?" Shockingly lnapropos,
since it is commonly known that tho electric
chair has superseded the gallows.
Says the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, reflective
ly: "Well, the soldiers at least left Vera Cruz
better than they found It." So they did. Uncle
Sam has unloaded the True Cross upon should
ers that can't bear it uncomplainingly.
Under the caption, "Howdy, Kind Friends!"
the Daily News-Record, of Harrisonburg, with
its issue of November 24, opened a State press
round table. Gentlemen, bo seated. The col
umn'H Inaugural number is this monologue:
"The Richmond Times-Dispatch haB ono on 'ye
editor' for lotting John Redmond's name go by
as John Redman, and holds him up to the
smllcB of his colleagues. E!ut when tho T.-D.
man gets to tho point where he has to dictate
his stuff and has none of those Alfred Ii. Wil
liams type of red-headed stenographers on
his staff, he will sympathize with those who
get Redmen and others mixed." The way of
iho Harrisonburg dictator Is hard. But It's
none tho less a long, long way from Tlpperary
in this instance.
Current Editorial Comment
Much allowance must always
Subslnnco he inailo for any new claims put
m, . mnnu forth by scientists at this time,
V but some ert-dtnee may be given
Plow of Blood lo the report that a preparation
has been discovered, and is now
being manufactured, that will enable Injured
men to stanch the How of blood from their
wounds. If this discovery Justifies the claims
n>a?J<! for it. It will have a wonderful effect
In raving lives of disabled poldiers. Tt Is a
i.iattei of common report that thousands of
wiunatd die from neglect. Many of those simply
blec-d to death before help can reach them. In
ihe .liest of terrlblo charges and closii engage
ments, it Is often impossible' for nurses and
hospital attendants to reach the wounded for
hours after they are hurt. Modern engines of
destruction take little thought of tho individual,
and nurses und other noncombatants run terrl
blo risks in the prosecution of their work in
the liold.?Kansas City Journal.
It is not surprising that thcr
Kffeot of war in Europe should have
"IVnr on caused a great decrease in im
. i ^ migration to tho United States.
ImmiKrntiou The figures from the port of New
York are significant. During tho
month of September, only 22,000 aliens entered
that port, as compared with 103,000 for the
month of September, 1913. Even before the war
thtre had been a gradual decline in tho figures.
After the struggle in Europe ends. Immigra
tion to this country is likely to be compara
tively small. At all events, we are not likely
to have the flood of newcomers that, marked
the last decade. The various nations or tho Old
World will be kept busy trying to bind tho
woundu and lieal the effects pf, the war. Men?
and women, too?will be needed to till tho soil,
and the supply will scarcely be equal to tlio
demand. Thus political eeonomletB and statis
ticians will have a now subject upon which to
exercise their wits. What will be tho effect of
the war upon tho United States ao far as lm-i
migration is conoernodT. At first blush on? is
tempted to say that It will bo good. Many
persons who are perfectly frlondly to desirable
Immigrants do not hesltato to say . that they
have been corning Into this country too rapidly
to be properly aaalmllatod. In Now York, and In
many other largo cltlos. the schools aro kept
busy teaching them the English lanicuaKe. Hence
a respite, for a fow years at ioast, may give |
us the opportunity Of Catching up with tho i
needs of thoao now Amorlcans.?Memphis Nows
Sclmetar.
"I adoro war," wrote tho ,
Young Me 11 British subaltern to tho folk
tVTin i.iirn back homo. "It Is like a big
? tn if? picnic without the objoctleesness
to l<lgtit of a picnic. I've never been 60
well or so happy." Thero's no
food for cannon In men after forty, unless war
be their profession. But youth Is tho food,
self-confldent,' self-important, self-assured; con
vinced that tho othor fellow will get tho bullot
and that youth will got the honor. Military
dynasties arc fed on Buch matorlal. Pacifism |
may hold up Its Hands hopelessly before this.
How aro peoplo to rid thomscivcs of something
to which tho young and aggressive masculine
element Is devoted. Meh, young men, like to
flght. Thoy enjoy the emotions of fighting.
They do not care so much to kill as they llko
the hazard of offering themselves to the killing
they are convinced will not be their fate. That
has been the war material from the beginning
of known times, and'It Is tho material now.?
Chicago Tribune.
War News Fifty Years Ago
(From the Richmond Dispatch, Nov. 27,1861.) ,
Had a general -truce been declared, and It waw
not, there could not havo beon more denso
quiet In tho front of Pettrsburg than there was
yesterday, and, as for that matter, than thero
has been for at' least a 'wook past. Hardly a
gun was fired yesterday, except now and then
a musket shot on tho picket line, and once or
twice during the day a discharge of a cannon
from one side or tho other. Just to lot the
opposing forces know that all tho men were
not-asleep. ' - \ ?'
There is nothing now from Oeorgla. Tho
prevailing opinion, based upon all Information
thus far received, Is tht\t Sherman has passed
by Macon, and that he "will turn toward tho
coast without hazarding an attack upon the
defenses of Augusta. Ho will, of course, do
all in his power to desolate the country through
which he and his army may pass.
All was reported comparatively quiet on both
Bides of the James River yesterday on all of
the lines north and south of tho stream. This
will probably continue until after Thanksgiving
Day (to-day), or perhaps until t!?c present moat
disagreeable weather shall got better.
Moro than 100 deserters from the Federal
linos camo Into the Confederate lines yostcrday
and last night, yhey aro unanimous In their
reports that General Grant Is arranging for
another effort on Petersburg and Richmond
before Christmas and before gettlog down Into
real winter quarters, but deserters aro pro
verbially unreliable.
That remarkable man, Mosby. who is here
to-day and somewhere clee to-morrow, has
turned up close to Winchester, according to a
report we have from that region. A few days
ago ho, with only 400 men, dashed into the
enemy's lines at midnight, captured 100 horses,
fifty or more prisoners and set lire to twenty-five
wagons loaded with provisions that had been
parked In a temporary camp.
An official report to tho War Department lets
out the Information that Oencral Beauregard
gave tho Federals a little whipping In North
Mississippi, and Ib now in possession of Corinth,
which place he captured five days ago. General
Forrest hftB Joined him thero, and. together, they
propose to make a bold stand against the enemy.
The Northern papers that have been received
here tell us that the Litest Information from
tho Valley of Vlrghila Is to tho effect that
General Early has arranged to go Into winter
quarters. We suspect that Early is Just fooling
the Federals, and that ho and his men will bo
\*ery active all of the winter.
From the advertising columns It will be seen
that the slavi-. owners of Richmond and sur
rounding country ore disregarding Abe Lincoln'
emancipation proclamation, and are. as usual,
offering to hire out their surplus slaves on tho
usual terms. December 1st will be a general
hiring day Jn Richmond and Henrico County.
The markets were but sparsely supplied yes
terday with country produce. Chickens and
turkeys were very scarce, and very high. Only
the very rich could buy.
Queries and Answers
Chaancey DrP<n.
Please give the titles ot books by tho lute
Senator Chauncey DePew. READER.
There are no "books," Senator DePew's repu
tation ob a man of letters renting: solely on a
multitude of finely finlshod "addresses" of many
sorts.
Sir Walter Unleash.
Was Sir Walter Raleigh ever In the New
World? X. X. X. '
He commanded an expedition to South America ,
and penetrated eome 400 miles up tho Orinoco,
and published on lile return, in Xo96, hie "Dis
coverie of Ouinana."
Goate, Bee and Calf.
What is the sense In the old proverb that the
goose, bee and calf rule the world? R. L. N.
This is a very old Latin proverb. In which the
idea is that the pen (goose feather), wax (from
honey) ahd parchment (calfskin)?legal writings
generally?are the means by which tho world 13
ruled.
Grain' tatlenl.
Does one say "there is a number of men" or
"there are a number of men"? F. E. B.
Tho antlclpative "there" has ever the aijroo
ment which its predicate nominative would take.
So the question is between "a number of men
is" and "a number of men are." Formal con
cord would demand "Is," since the subjoct "a
number" Is singular. Synthetic concord would
permit "are," since "a number" almost eurcly
means more than one.
Lorib'i Speech.
Please tell me when tho Indian. Logan,
delivered the "speech" attributed to him and
where it may be found. F. 11. GREY.
The "speech" was sent by Logan In a wampum
belt to the peace conference, after the Battle 01'
Point Pleasant, October 10, 1774, which Logan
would not attend. It is given first In Jefferson's
"Notes on Virginia," and may now be found in
many school readers, etc.; for Instance, "Tho
Progressive Speaker," published by the National
Publishing Company, and Sargent's "Standard
Speaker," published by David McKay.
The Voice of the People
-
Tag Dny for Richmond's Poor.
To the Editor of The Times-DiBpatch:
Sir,?Wo are having "tag days'" for mostly
everything that Is worthy and good, but the
pfeople here seem to have forgotten that wo
have here In Richmond at least 15,000 out of
employment, which means at least 76,000 that
need help, and at once, too. Let us have a "tag
day" lor Richmond's poor, and then you will
aeo a real "tag day." " JOSEPH KAHN.
Richmond, November 25, 1914.
The Dreamer.
The gypsle3 passed her little gat??
She stopped her wheel to see
A brown-faced pair who walked the road
Free as the wind is free;
And suddenly her tiny room
A prison seemed to bo.
Her shining plates against the walls,
Her sunlit sanded lloor.
Tho brass-bound wedding chest that held
? Her linen's snowy store,
The very wheel whoso running died?
Seemed only chainu she bore.
She watched the foot-free gypsies pans;
She never knew or guessed
The wistful dream that drew them close?
The longing In each breast
To some day know a home like hqrs
Wherein their hearts might rest
THEODOSIA GARRISON.
Ho, Hum! Wonder Who's President This Morning?"
One of the Day's Best Cartoons.
? r ? "T ?i'M"
? 4 ? ?~lrrom Phlladftljpliln Rocorfi.V.
PLACES IN THE NEWS nrjTMF w a
WASHINGTON, November 23.?The
National Geographic Society of this
city to-day gave out the following de
scriptions of tho Dardanelles and Aus
trian Gallcia, which are figuring promi
nently In the war in Europe;
Keen political interest has centred
around the Dardanelles since the time
when Persian strength was tosted upon
tlve soldiers of free Greece. Xerxes
came thiB way with his vast army for
tho Invasion of Europe and crossed the
Dardanelles, then known as the Helles
pont, over a pontoon- bridge, con
structed near Abydos, on tho Asiatic
elde, and touching Grccian shores near
Scstos, where tho waterway is about
6,500 feet wide. It was on this occa
sion that the capricious currents of the
strait called forth the most historic
spanking ever given. They carried
away tho pontoons, whereupon Xerxes
ordered the Hellespont to be soundly
flogged.
Wh^n the-eastern invasion had spent
itself after Marathon and Halamls, the
Dardanelles became a point of depar
ture for the hardy conqueror who
turned the tables. Alexander, In 334
B. C., 146 years after Xerxes, crossed
In the path of the Persian and begun
hla successful subjugation of the out
worn oast. Tho tide shifted once more,
and throughout tho long struggle of
Byzantium against the east the Dar
danelles were ever and again frontier
waters. At last, In 1356, tho Turks
forced themselves over the much-con
tested boundary spread over ltd Eu
ropean banks and settled down to stay.
No longer a frontier of eastern
western struggle, the Dardanelles,
nevertheless, preserved their political
Importance, an Importance derived,
first, from Turkish control of Medi
terranean-Black Sea commerce and,
later, from the complex diplomatic
game In which the great powers of
Europe sought to balance themaolvos,
one against the other, and each- to
make that balanco contribute to Its
own advantage. Mighty Russia's only
ports upon warm water were In her
Black Sea territory. Conventions of
the powers, however, have held herj
shut up fast within the inland sea.
For a century these conventions have.
Btood between Russia and her ambi
tions to hnve an outlet on tho Mediter
ranean.
AH Shipping llextrictrd,
By a five-power treaty in 1841 it
was arranged that no ship of war of
any nation other than tho Ottoman
should pass the Dardanelles without
express permission of tho Porte. Tho
closing of tho strait was reaffirmed at
London In 1S71, and at Berlin in IS7S.
Even merchant vessels must have
pauses, which they are required to show
to the authorities at the narrows.
Bo it? may pass through only during
the daytime, yet they arc required to
pay a small lighthouse fee.
Tho strait Is a narrow, irregular
channel, connecting the Aegean Sea
with the Sea of Marmora. It cuts Eu
rope from Asia on a course from south
west to northeast. It is only about
forty-five miles long, whllo It varies
in width from one to five miles. Its
average depth Is 180 fe^t. Upon the
European Bide the shores aro steep and
barren, and their Inhospitable line of
battery-crowned rocks makes the Dar-;
d&nelles a place for unusually strong
defense. The shores on the Astatic
side are long, sloped and very fertile,
for the most part being clothed with
beautiful forests.
Tho Dardanelleti guard the approach
to Constantinople from tho Mediter
ranean, as tho Besphorua guards the I
approach from the Black Sea. They
were first fortified by two castles, one
on cither shore, in the path of Xerxes
and Alexander, built by Mohammed II.
in 14t52. These have been often re
modeled. During the last century, with
Turkish power on the wane and the
Turk himself apparently acquiescent,
the remodeling and extending of tho
old fortifications wero brought about
by French, English and German prod
ding, as temporary Interests pointed
toward the Golden Horn.
Poland Liven In Gallcia.
Most of old Poland, which survives
In raco and in political consciousness,
in typical culture and In folk char
acter, survives in tho Austrian crown
land of Galicla. L'ndor the rnoro
aturnly repressive rule of Russian and
German overlordship, tho Poles in Rus
sia and Germany have been driven
little by little^from their stronghold of
national feeling. They are becoming
half-hearted Russians and Germans, for
Russia and Germany have done all In
their power to asslmllato the well
nigh unasslmllable Pole. In Gallcia,
however, with a constitution of their
own, under a perplexed and lcnlont
central government, a consciousness of
old Poland remains, and has grown In
Intonsity in recent times.
Hemmed in by Russia on the north
and caul by tho suspicious border pa
trol, naturally cut off from Hungary
on the south and southwest by tho i
Carpathians, barely touching Its sov- !
ereign Austria on tho west, tho Gali- j
?lan Pole has been left to himself, to
.'.he single-handed solution of his own I
Qiftlcultics, political, economic and ad- I
mlnistratlvo. With little to prod him j
into violent industrial exertion, he has I
continued the past into the present,
with Its quaint customs, its devotion
to agrloblturo and Its poverly-ntrlcko?
idealism.
Gallcia slopes away from the Car
pathians to meet tho boundless Etua
aiah plain on the north. Its southern
uplands are 'devote;1 largely to graz
ing grounds for .Horace, cattlo and
Eft, ?"y?
crownland is sparsely popula^d a nil?
^fSSSa^sAA
?K?iS ?
EtIE? rr^?-?-"s 1;
?'?"?"? :rv..r. ???.* ^
i&Trl^^'-^oS
-and or forest land, and an Tlso^U
given over to farniinp t-u" i'f , '<
fleM aV,,a,"8 ar" found"thlrsc!i?t ??'
Jnd rock s^f0', SL'd ,8?od *'n* min?
jSJIH its minora? wealth "L^'mar
~2^o cover
__ , manufactured artlclo?,
?hSuB^.,r?d,u,,ct" ?',"??>? in"u?n'
larly leave their wivos^to ^ork'^f,
as .ura0: .?*? ri
sSnJ-ssi, r{?p
th? viC,a la pract,c?"y telf-Covernlnu
ni.
A iMri'n i" 18 rePre?ented in tho
Austrian Lower Houdi. ^ . . '
delegates, a delegation th!.l' nty"?'?ht
o?1Uie8??ofish XM" :?nrntrS:r"!'
the population of Galicia 1h mor t,lne'
7,000,000. L??"cia is more than
Safety as Ship Sinks
[Correspondence of Associated Pros* 7
LONDON. November 1 S.-^n't take
your clothe, oft; don't try to OWim
don t let so of your hammock." This
the adv,cc to British sailors, who by
a current Issua o* th . r cj>nta'n*<l tn
and ls founded on SS it?ndon **nc?t.
most heipful by the J^AaSUr63Jfouad
the war with Russia Jirjan88e
-Si.m!SJS4*^,,1nthM "?=
""<d on "lost British M'e.MMpganilThlJ
while the admonition to keep thtTcloth '
lag on i? based on the fact th?r ,? *"
experience hoii ?hown that cloTh^
keeps"the"body wa?n, Urn ??,y
thoroughly Soaked!"6 ?f
'n tho water/' aq,*ur. ? _ _
cet, should not try o wUn
sr.ra.r.^&r.sni a&S
wu.oT ,1T,, h" ~? .b.,c
han'mo^k-it0dkocJ?aCnkot' turn o^a'nd
hours. " afl?at for ^?nty-ro4r
"When a man lias bech rescued /ret
8 *et clothes oiY. wrap him in drv
?mhCf Vh!ns{,!i^,r"
jl Failure of Germans 1
[C^r,rIC,8pJ>rdcncc of Assoclatoii Press i
THb HAGUE, November IS.?The ati
Fhl??r Ur.e ?f the Germans to force
. 'heir way through the regions in.f,,
! imnp? alon& the Yser is making a great
? impression in Holland. Tho pQbllf and
' Slnf,VlKpAI,cr? cito this aa a clear
iz^z r r^"rr, ?
irho? v..r inundation? "mprovlioa
at tlie last minute, while tho innnS?
ion of the province of Hol anVu ^'
n complete working order L.r?
I tracts of land diiTlcult to i
been submerged Ii?? the "beg X
ritorv ,UUr; Wh,,e th0 rcu? of tho tor.
ritory is now a vast mass of wire ??n
S"f?e.ntS ftn<1 deop 1)118 Provided
Shin cove?edawi^1^,U" of wh?^
be an 'mpregnahJo defense. WatCf' W'U
tUva
?lnco tho beginning of the war thr
'?rnrnent of - Holland feels llV'Ll6,
convinced that tho nations to the
and west will tteimau beforo
an ijppaeeable BwaniD wiu?h ^ ,PC
Bmoilc> scale, i? SSIS*^SSk\.23^1
louses near tho oh t,rr?