Richmond times-dispatch. [volume], February 27, 1915, Page SIX, Image 6

About Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current

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TIKE TIME*. Founded I85W 1
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SATL"I: I 'A V, I'IClliJL'A l!Y "7,
I'gly Charges Distress Richmond
PROMPT action by the Administrative
lJoard in investigating charges, or sug
gestions, that the pay rolls of the hands and
c.irts force of tho City Engineer's Depart
lurnt have been padded was demanded by :
a proper consideration of Richmond's good.,
name. It has been a good long while sineo
tlie ugly imputation of graft has been leveled
at the municipal government.
There has been <?. feeling in the community
that the operation of the city departments I
was attended by rather more waste and dupli
cated eiTor; than was necessary, even in the
charitable Anuiicnn view of municipal ef
ficiency. Tlu* city has believed, however,
that there was no actual and gross dishonesty,
nnd the intimation that this feeling of satis
faction has been ill-grounded excites a de
gree of apprehension altogether out of pro
portion to the particular case in point.
Russia and Constantinople
SINCE Turkey's entrance, on the side of
Germany, into the great war, it has been
apparent that one necessary result of an al
lied victory would be Turkey's permanent, ex
pulsion from Europe, and the more or less
complete occupation of Constantinople by
Russia. This would mean, in effect, a Rus
sian port on the Mediterranean, and uninter- ,
rupted passage for its products to the Atlantic i
in every month of the year.
How vital this is lo Russia ss made plain
by a consideration of the present situation.
Millions of bushels of Russian grain, that
may become exigently needed by France and
Great Britain, are locked up in the Black
Sea, and Russian armies are less ellicient
than they might otherwise be because, of the
inability to import arms and ammunition
from this country or from Russia's allies.
1 he passage to Archangel is locked by the
ice; Germany's cruisers, submarines and mine
fields make dinicult the navigation of the
Baltic, and Russia must receive her supplies
from the Pacitie and transport them across
Asia to her armies in the Held.
If the allies win, Constantinople will be
pan of Russia's booty. Reduction of the
Dardanelles forts seems the first step toward
the attainment of this ambition.
Shntterinj; Political Precedents
JAY E. llOI'Sj^.. candidate for Mayor of i
Topoka, . !>'" probably the most j
original politician known to the country. Mr.
House, who is everything from poet-tramp to 1
actual manual worker, has completely defied
all recognized political canons. Although
women vote early anil on - a in Kansas, he lias
announced that, in ease of election, he will
lire the two policewomen on the Topcka
force. This is impolitic enough. but Candi
date House has pone much further than defy
ing the betier half of Kan a:- public senti
ment?he has dot hired thai he js after t iie
job of Mayor solely for the salary!
The history books do not record his like. .
Ofllcea are sometimes fairly remunerative,
hut, before the advent of House, when was
a politician over in pur: nit ot a salary The
talary was accepted- t-> keep wife and chil
<lren from starving while tl.< statesman . ;?*?
rillced his leisure for the public weal. Ser
vice of country, party or humanity the uplift
of the downtrodden mas.-,e>. the triumph of
Democracy, the reform of abuses, the execu
tion of justice lor ill ; 11 ? ? purposes pub
lic men have . >tu-:.? < ?!,: ati.i .til! se< It, out
never for alar.- -
It is aln >> t v :th r- -ire! that we r< member
how far aw :y Topi ka i. It would be worth
while to be naturalize.! in Kansas '<? vote t >r
the strictly i : na! II >use The chief vice ,
of politicians . t:..ir .mit'orm attachment to
thP. highest i<i< :is They are always pure j
idealist! , fjui'e div.rv. ?! : ? ? ri; any thoiu'lit of
f-elf. '1 he r virtue i >.i monotonous that we
should 1 iV.? a cliar.Therefore, tile one j
and only s. I: ? ? I:*: ? candidate is a joy and
a delight. M :y he 1 i\ ? loir.' and draw a |
salary!
Making Your Own llrcad
A1JAKI.U. irritated bv the charge that his
? lass had raised the price (if brei^l to
make money out ot a hard situation, retorted
recently tha* il v < :nei wmhi run hi. bakery
for two weeks they < <. ild have any profit
coming out, for tin :I- 1. verite charity One
woman promptly n.. t )]? ? hale-iii'.? by declar
ing ihat she had always mad" bread at home
far cheaper than she could buy it, weight for
weight and quality f? >r <iuality
So the dispute rt-.ted. Th< question was
raised whether women could ot could not
economize by cutting the baker lor tlje period
of high-priced loaves. This leads to a far
more interesting <inei,tion: what has become
of tho old-fashioned woman who took pride
in her bread, and whose hands wi re the only
hands that touched it? l.et the price of
bread go to the winds; where is the good old
fashioned broadmaker of the American home?
This query applies not. only to bread, but
to cakes and pies, and to good old hash, and
to the leftovers of a meal that uned to go Into
& dclecuiblo dl*?h lor tho neat day, Christ
mas turkey in former days used to make a
line hash or croquette after the lirst meal, and
the bones went into a splendid soup.
To-day Hie meat scraps go into tlio garbage
to enrich rats and stray dogs and cats.
Why must everything be bought that used
to be made? Why do women to-day order
by telephone, whose mothers formerly went
to market with a basket and made sure they
were getting the greatest possible values for
their money? Isn't it true that a dollar used
to go twice as far as it does to-day? Ad
mitting that, for the sake of argument, which
of tin' two ages produced the better and
happier families?
Fifty Years Ago?and Now
THAT very interesting department of this
page, "War News Fifty Years Ago."
which is reprinted from the war-time issues
of the Richmond Dispatch, begins to tell the
reluctant story of the Confederacy's impend
ing fall. Sherman has marched through
Georgia to the sea, Savannah and Charleston
have fallen, and ,the conquest of the Caro
linas has been begun. Grant is massing his
forces for a new attack on the Army of
Northern Virginia.
The old Dispatch does not yield readily.
In the midst of the gloom and depression that
enveloped the Southland, it whistles to keep
up its own courage and that of its readers.
Hut despondency is apparent, despite all
these valiant efforts?and the principal
cause of despondency quite as well. Take,
for example, this extract, from to-day's in
stallment:
The markets arc very poorly supplied
with eatables, there being no vegetables
in sight. ami very little meat or brend
of any kind, and all of these that show
up are li<*Id at very extortionate figures.
Starvation, actual aud menacing, walked
abroad over the South. Soldiers were quit
ting their posts without leave, because of
news that members of their families lacked
the bare necessities of life. General Lee's
army Ik fore Petersburg had a paper strength
of 130.000 men, but wounds, illness and ab
senteeism had actually reduced the number
present and available for duty to below
f.0,000.
Colonel Taylor has described in moving
phrases the terrible choice that was presented
to many of "Lee's Miserables" in those days
that tried men's souls. He says:
Tlio condition of affairs throughout
the South at that period?the winter
of IStH-i'.fi?was thoroughly deplorable.
Hundreds of letters addressed to soldiers
were intercepted and sent to the army
headquarters, in which mothers, wives
at>l sisters told of their inability to
respond to the appeals of hungry chil
dren for bread, or to provide proper care
and remedies for the sick; and in the
name of all that was true appealed to
the men to come home am/ rescue them
from the ills which they suffered and
the starvation that threatened them.
Surely never was devotion to one's
country and to one's duty more sorely
tested than was the case with the sol
diers of Lee's army during the last year
of the war.
These are the sufferings that Great Britain
and Germany are trying to-day to inflict ou !
each other's civilian population. Such hor- !
rors move the soul to anguish, but they are 1
a part of war as it has always been practiced '
?certainly after the lirsi line blush of ?
chivalry and consideration for the enemy has i
been blotted out in the battle's smoke and
bloody shock.
Perhaps there is no particular use in re
hearsing these facts, save as they uitty Indi
cate to critics of Britain and Germany, eapo* I
dally in the Northern States, soino kindliness ;
of judgment and some curtailment of the use i
of llorid rhetoric. General Sherman knew
what he was talking about when he pub
lished his celebrated definition, civilization
lias not revised it, and, in essence, there is
not much difference between war news to
day and "War News Fifty Years Ago."
Got Kid of Worthless Dogs'.
SlIKKP raisiug is a particularly valuable
industry at the present time, ana one for
which Virginia is well adapted. We liavo
much hilly land of light soila which should
tie covered now with great flocks of sheep?a
source of wealth. Why are our landscapes
uot v.hite with sheep?
The answer is easy enough. Dogs. Vir
ginia is; one of the worst dog-ridden States
in the Union, if it does not enjoy the proud
pre-eminence of being the worst. The malign
presence of the ubiquitous and half-fed cur
has killed our wool and mutton industry.
A dog or two on a farm may be of use, but
our farmers lean towards good-sized packs, )
which they are olten unable to feed properly.
These ill nourished beasts must roam to live,
and their natural and ready prey are the
sheep, which no guarding can long protect,
from the astute robbers. In fact, many of
our dogs revert to the semiwoif state.
They do more than destroy sheep; lhe>'
men tee us. Hydrophobia is on the increase
in Virginia; a number of deaths have oc
curred from this dread disease in the last few
years, and at the present time the dogs in ;
some ?>f our towns are muzzled as a precau
tion.
Something should be done in the case.
1'he ileg question is one of the oldest and
most vi xed of all our local questions, but it
ought to be settled on a basis of common
sense. The Assembly will meet again soon
to complete the tax program. No better lav.
could be passed than one imposing a heavy
tax on dogs; with a heavy line for infraction i
a tax so heavy that the lean packs would
have to go. This law might meet with some ;
grumbling at first, but public opinion would
soon support it strongly. The passing of
that wretched, wandering brute, that four
tooted bandit which infests all our fields and
roads, would mean added prosperity for the
State and the removal of a grave danger to
our lives.
Every little bit helps. A burglar in
Newark, finishing ransacking a house without
arousing the occupants, tore something 011 a
nail getting out the window, went hack to
the second floor in his stocking feet for a
safety pin, stepped on a tuck, made such a
noise the family awoke and began yelling,
and lie had to dive for liberty, leaving his
loot lit hind.
Hritish newspapers call the air raids over
Essex "the crowning joke of the war." The
liritis^i sense of humor is peculiar. Nothing
less than a death dealing, home-breaking,
bank-wrecking war seelus to bring it out.
Russia says the German reports of tho
complete destruction of its armies in North
Poland are lil<e Mark Twain's comment on a
premature announcement of his denise?
"greatly exaggerated."
President Wilson ban Joined Iho r;*nks of
those who approve the purchase of Motitieello
? by the national government, Tho coun'.ry
J fcela tho uamo way about it.
SONGS AND SAWS
Hlglit to Have.
Young Ikey Short, whoso mount has (led.
Keels lie's been treated badly,
And that is why he shakes his flat
And talks of things so madly.
"1 would not mind at all," ho
v says.
"This almost painless spill
ing.
Except that on that ugly
plug
I'd hoped to make a k 111
ing.
"He dumped me when ho might have won
This horse raco in a eanter?
It certainly Is not the tlmo
Kor Jesting or for banter."
The IVN?linlNt Snjnti
Th'-re may bo no sui-h word as "fall" in the
bright lexicon of youth, but the word has had
a conspicuous and profitable place in the diction
aries of many highly successful business men.
' ('<11111 trrlrrl ( ut Ion.
"Do you derive any pleasure," asked little
Johnny's long-sulTerlng father, "from the- opera
tion of twisting that cat's tail'."'
"No, sir,"' responded Johnny, respectfullyi "I j
am Just trying to show sister there are?worse
noises than those she makes when she tries to
sing."
Tlir IMnVrciice.
Grubbs?Marriage is a lottery.
Stubbs?Well, that operation, while all right
in a general way, is not absolutely accurate.
You must remember that in a lottery there is
at least one grand pri/.e.
Every Mope llnnlNhed.
"Do you think Titewad will recover from his
?present illness?"
"Not a chance of it now. Some fool friend, in
an effort to cheer him up, told the old fellow
that cemetery lots and collins were cheaper now
than they had been for years. Of course, he is
not going to neglect a chance to save money."
WI*<ioin.
The wise man in this vale of tears
Knows he must be a learner?
He knows tliat Joy ne'er hides her face,
Save from the clods who spurn her.
Tl-IK TATTLER.
Chats With Virginia Editors
"The kickers and croakers have no place In
a city with the push and progresslvencss of our
town," says the Sandy Valley News. "The man
who opposes needed public improvements and
stands in the way of progress is not a good
citizen." Probably the best thing to do for
an undesirable of this type Is to get him *.o
stand in the way of a sixty-horsepower auto
mobile.
Sound advice from the Fredericksburg Jour
nal: "There is little room for whiskey drink
ers in the present civilization?and what lit
tle room there is will grow less. Who would
employ an intemperate man to-day? The rail
roads won't have him, the factories won't have
him, the business men have no use for him.
The moral is to get on the 'water wagon' and
stay there." Well, the whole State Is sup
posed to be headed that way.
Here speaketh a proud father, in the editorial
columns of the Urbanna Sentinel: "The Legis
lature must have had some folks around here
in mind when it rearranged the State income
tax law, so as to allow the single man a $1,200
exemption and the married man $1,800, with
$200 additional for each 'child. That lets us
out. Much obliged, boys!" What happiness
there would have been in Urbanna had the Gen
eral Assembly decided to distribute bonuses,
graded according to the size of the family!
"We do not altogether agree that cakes and
pies are luxuries," says the Lawrenceville
Times. "To some people they are almost as
much of a necessity as bread Is to others. All
these eatables are made out of llour. We ?an
not expect every one to acquire the same taste,
hence we must let them liuve their choice; but
we do xiyree with those honest bakers who
contend that It would be better to raise the
price of a loaf and make it full weight rather
than to reduce the weight of the loaf und not
the price. In the latter case it would be hard
to establish a standard, and the chances for a
baker without a conscience would be too great
to have the bread full of holes like a Swiss
cheese."
Current Editorial Comment
The superintendent of public
Thev Draw welfare In Chicago, a department
. " . . thai maintains a labor exchange,
, V!110 reports that only last week as
at the I'anil niany as liOO inen .a day visited
the oflice, seeking "work of any
kind." As there were requests from the sur
rounding farmers for able-bodied men, these
opportunities were presented to the applicants,
but in very few instances were they accepted.
They drew the line at the farm. Yet farming is
a healthy occupation, and the terms that were
held out to t hem were such as might well
appeal to men of thrifty and independent Ideas.
The> would be insured three square meals a
day, with lodging, and in some cases wash
ing, while the fair wage that accompanied the
offer would be practically velvet, since other
expenses would be largely of their own making.
I'>ut no persuasion could make these offers at
tractive. Between back to the soil and back
to the soup kitchen, the latter was chosen in
an overwhelming majority of instances. It may
be admitted that it requires some imagination
to enjoy life on the farm, and that is perhaps
a quality with which the stolid immigrant is
not always abundantly blessed. It might be
thought ho would prefer contact with the fresh
and fragrant soil to working in the slush and
slime of subway or sewr construction, but that
does not appear to be the case. Time was when
the farmer in New Kngland could go down to
New York and pick out as many stalwart new
arrivals from the ltritish Isles or (Jerniany as
be needed, with perhaps a domestic to assist
his hard-working wife. Hut the lure of the
cities has constantly grown stronger, and the
character of immigration has changed. The
newcomers cannot be happy outside groups or
gangs. They would rather starve or live by
charity than to separate and enjoy health anil
independence in nature's own workshops. Kor
lack of willingness iti this direction, the farms
are languishing or not kept up to the point
of etliclency that would otherwise be possible.?
lioston Transcript.
Vassal*
Gains New
Charm
college for women only during the half
century or more of Its existence, has just been
granted by its new president. Dr. Henry iN.
MacCraeken. What is more, according to the
returns from 1'oughkecpsle, the very tlrst open
Sunday bVought an attendance of about 200 men.
ltoughly speaking, one Vassar girl In . very six
had a gentleman friend on the Job. There goes
the superstition that a women's college needs
to be run on penitentiary principles. Mere comes
the revelation that American young women of
I college age do not require to be cooped up for
safety's sake. Mow far the new idea h.-ts pro
gressed Is not sure, but with this impetus at
Vassar it ought to extend rapidly until girl
students there and at other Institutions of Its
kind aro accorded as much social liberty as
anybody. The concession, it is true, comes from
a man?after generations of Vassar girls, It is
fair to presume, had failed to elicit It from his
predecessors, either male or female. Itut so do
most of the concessions to woman's onward
inarch proceed from complacent man. The Sun
day fussing' privilege Is no lean a victory of
feminism for that, nor for whatever Dr. Mac
Craeken may have had in mlrid when he granted
It, It hla thought was to rendor tho Institution
Vassar girls may now walk out
with their beaux on a Sunday
afternoon or entertain them of
a Sunday evening quite like
regular American girls. This
privilege, unknown at tho famous
moro attractive In the eyes of prospective stu
dents, tlijs motive scciiih shrewdly planned.
Youiis women with minds open to the cultural
advantages of the social phases of college llfo
will think better of Vausar?particularly If,
Instead of being an exceptional phenomenon oc
casioned by morbid curiosity or lovo of adven
ture, the llrst Sunday's crowd of trousered
callers comes back stronger and stronger on
succeeding Sundays, even to the point of need
ing excursion trains from Now Haven and New
York.?Cleveland Leader.
War News Fifty Years Ago
(From the Richmond Dispatch, Fob. "7, 1SC5.)
General (5rant is again massing his troops
at and about Hatcher's Run, on the Confederate
extreme right, ten miles southwest of Peters
burg, and it is thought that another attempt
will be made by his columns to gain possession
of the Southside ltailroad. The last attempt
along this line was largely prevented by the
timely rain that came along to intercept any
heavy movement of artillery and cavalry.
x There were the usual number of wild rumors
from the South yesterday, none of which were
authenticated. One of these wild reports was
to the effect that Sherman had been killed, and
that the onward march of his army had been
blocked somewhere in Soutli Carolina. Unfor
tunately, both of these reports were sadly lack
ing in the matter of confirmation.
General Joseph 15. Johnston has assumed en
lire command of all of the army forces confront
ing Sherman in the Carollnas. Johnston takes
the place recently held by General Beauregard.
According to the Northern papers, Just re
ceived. .Major-General llooker In nt last In
Washington to make a filial report to the cum
gresslonal Investigating committee of his failure
to do tilings at Chtinccllorsvlllo. At last "old |
Joe Hooker has come out of the Wilderness," as I
he was sj often Invited to do by tlio late General !
Jel> Stuart.
President Lincoln has nominated Hugh II.
McCulloch to be Secretary of tho Treasury.
The State Senate of Kentucky bus rejected tho
constitutional amendment abolishing slavery In
all of tlie States of the Union.
John S. Meade, a son of Major-General M>*ade,
of tho Northern army, died in Philadelphia on
the 22d of February.
General Singleton, of Illinois, and Judge
Hughes, of Connecticut, claiming to hold
credentials from Lincoln, are said to be on j
their way td Richmond on another tomfool j
peace mission.
It is said that the question of enlisting 200,- :
000 negroes In the soldier service of the Con- [
federate States Is to be brought up again in the '
Confederate States Senate, unci this time will '
be considered In open session. It Is stated, I
unotllclally, that General Lee favors the enroll- j
nient of the negro troops, and this may have 1
much effort upon the otherwise obdurate Senate. ?
Gold has gone down to 200 In New York. In j
Richmond very little of the precious metal Is ;
being offered for sale, and such as comes to the |
front readily brings $30 for one.
The markets are very poorly supplied with
eatables, there being no vegetables In sight, and
very little meat or bread of any kind, and all ,
of these that show up are held at very extor- I
tlonate figures. I
The Voice of the People
"Keep Out of Unnicer Zonr'."
To the Editor of The Times-Dispatch:
Sir,?Diplomats of various neutral nations fnr
the past week have vigorously discussed the
conditions resulting from* the action of Germany
In Its attempt to Inaugurate anil establish a
danger /.one In the waters of the British Isles,
in retaliation for Intercepting foodstuiTs, which,
it is claimed by Germany, are designed for the .
civil population. He this as it may. both Kng- '
land and Germany are doing great injustice to
the neutral nations, which nre using all th<- 1
legitimate means in their power to avoid
trouble. As to this country, would it not be
well for the government to notify shippers that 1
it will not lie responsible for the loss of life or I
property of those who insist in navigating tiie j
waters designated by Germany as the danger
/.one? i
Those who disregard the notification of the
government must take the risk of being do- i
stroyed by initios or submarines. If shippers
coulil be convinced the government would not |
be responsible for losses in their hazardous en- j
terprises, there would be but few. If any, i
disasters. O M S15 R V15 R.
Henderson, X. C., February 24, 1S15.
Our Duty to Help Ilelglum.
To the Kdltor of The Tim?-s-Dlspateh:
Sir,?1 noticed your editorial, "Condition of I
Belgian Relief," in which you accuse Germany j
of starving Belgium by the seizure of all food- ]
stntTs. No doubt, It will h?- remembered that
the German government seized foodstuffs iri Ger
many only a few days ago. not to starve out Ger
many, but to keep it alive. In newspapers re
ceived from Germany some time ago I find
Identically the same propaganda for a "Belgian
Relief Fund" as we had it in our papers here,
and now they are collecting for the people In
East Prussia and Russian Poland, where help
is moro needed than in Belgium. It will be well
for us to remember that as long as we are send
ing guns and ammunition to the warring nations.
; we are helping to destroy houses, homes ami
j families. Is it, then, not our solemn duty to
1 alleviate the sufferings caused by this world
? war? FRIED It. W. LUTZ.
Richmond, Va? February 2.r>. 1 !?!*?.
Queries and Answers
A Correction.
Acknowledgment is made with thanks for
many letters calling attention to tho solution
of a recent problem, in which the awkward
blunder was made of treating- a variable dif
ference as fixed. The problem was to divide
si dollar so as to make one part one-third more
than the other. A division into parts propor
tional as three and four would make the larger
ccniain as much kh the smaller and one-third
of the smaller more. Dividing 10ft cents by 7
and multiplying the result by :i and by 4 would
give 42 0-7 and 57 1-7 as the two parts.
Criminal I.hit.
May a minor be electrocuted in Virginia? Can
one juryman cause a disagreement? May n
person be electrocuted for killing If he can
prove that when he left home he did not intend
to kill any one? E. R. R.
The answer to each is "yes."
Poem Wanted.
Can you print the verses. "The world to-day
is better than it ever was before"?
M It.S. H. B. M.
Will some reader kindly send copy?
WE 1IUIL.D TICK I'ADDKIt.
[With apnlOKX for the blunder which re
duced J. (.!. Holland'." poem In two stunzai
in a recent Issue, we print It below In full.]
Heaven is not reached at a single bound;
Rut we build the ladder by which we rise
Krom the lowly earth to the vaulted skies.
And we mount to the summit, round by round.
I
! I count this thing to be grandly true,
' That a noble deed is a step toward (iod,
I s Trifling the soul from the common sod
; To a purer air and a Jjroader view.
Wo rise by the things that are under our feet.
Hy what we have mastered of greed and gain,
Hy the pride deposed and the passions slain,
And tho vanquished Mils that we hourly meet.
We hope, wo aspire, we resolve, we trust.
When the morning calls us to life and light;
Hut our hearts grow weary, and, ore tho night.
Our lives are trailing tho sordid dust.
We hope, wo aspire, we resolve, we pray;
And we think that wo mount the air on wings,
Heyond the recall of sensual things.
While our feet still cling to the heavy clay.
Wings for the angels, but feet for men!
Wo may borrow tho wings to find tho way;
We may hopo and aspire, and resolve and p.ray,
Hut oyr foot must rlso or wo fall again.
j
Only in dreams is a ladder thrown
Kroui tho weary earth to the sapphire walla;
Rut the dreams'depart, and the vision falls,
And the sleeper wakes on his pillow of stone.
Heaven Is not reached in a single bound; ^
Hut we build our ladder by which we rise
l-'rom the lowly earth to tho vaulted nkles.
And we mount to tho summit, round toy round.
SAVAGES
Ouo ot the Duy's Itcut Cartoons.
EASY TO SINK SUBMARINE
LONDON, February 10.?The Syren
and Shipping explains in its latest issue
its offer of ?'i00 (IL'.ROO) to the llrst
British merchantman lo sink an enemy
submarine and offers suggestions of
tlio manner in which it believes the
feat may be accomplished. Itritish ship
ping is ut g< d to he constantly on the
alert to rid Krilish waters of ticrmau
craft.
The Syren believes that the task in
not so ureal as might appear, once a
merchantman comes into close quarters
with the undersea craft. "It must lie
remembered," the paper explains, "that
the war vessel does not spring up sud
denly from the depths. She must Jirst
have ascertained by means of her peri
scope that there was a possible quarry
in the neighborhood and must then have
manoeuvred until she got into the de
sired position.
"Iii other words, a sharp lookout
aboard the merchant vessel would have
revealed her presence long before she
was ready to strike, for a periscope,
small as it in. Is not the sort of thing
which any quick-eyed seaman would be
likely to overlook.
.Not I.lkrl)' to (,'nr (iliim.
"If a merchantman refuses to stop
when called upon to do so .by a sub
marine it is extremely unlikely that
the latter will use her guns (suppos
ing that she hits any); for the sound of
tiring would be certain to attract the
netice of Uritish mosquito craft in the
neighborhood; and it is even more un
likely that she will waste a torpedo on
a small cargo boat, more especially If
tlie merchant vessel is sulllciently far
away to render the prospect of hitting
her a doubtful one."
Kegarding the legal position of mer
chant vessels which engage in hostile
operations, the Syren says:
"The man who is suddenly confronted
does not stop to reflect that he hlm
by a footpad armed with a bludgeon
self has no ofiiclal standing as a cus
todian of tho peace. What he will
probably do is lo attack his assailant
with all the vigor whicJi ho can com
mand and if possible cripple him. His
actions may not be strictly in accord
ance with the rules which provide for
the maintenance of law and order, but
if interrogated he would doubtless
reply that it is better to break the
law and keep one's life than to observe
it and be murdered. That in precisely
the position of the merchant vessel pur
sued by a (iermaii submarine."
10.vplaining its offer in detail, tho
Syren says:
"We have been asked whether our
offer applies to vessels engaged in
transport service or other work for
the admiralty. The answer is in tho
negative. Only merchant vessels en
gaged upon their ordinary avocations
are eligible. They may carry arms,
but the armament must not have been
supplied by the government. Our an
nouncenient naturally has excited a
good deal of debate as to a merchant*
maii's chances of dealing successfully
with a submarine, and tlx* general con
sensus of opinion seems to be that they
would not In- all in favor of the latter,
(?erinitnn Iteall/r llniiu'T.
"Indeed, a fact stated liy the naval
correspondent of tin- Times indicates
that the Herman submarine command
ith thernselfcs realize the possibility
of such an attack, and that they by
no means dcxpi.se Uie danger. 'It will
have been noticed,' says the writer in
question, 'that in every case whore the
submarine has appeared on the surface
to overhaul .1 merchant ship she has
been tirst seen on the quarter or some
where a baft the beam, tins Intention
manifestly being to use n torpedo if the
vessel overtaken tried to turn toward
her. In other words, tin* submarines
seem to have been prepared for any at
tempt to ram.'
"This is deeply significant. It Is evi
dent tiiat if a submarine manoeuvres to
'avoid an attack she not only expects
such an attack, but fears its conse
quences. It is not to be denied that the
| merchant vessel which discovered a
submarine close on her quarter would
I run a very grent risk If she then took
the offensive, but it must be remcin
I be red that the war vessel does not
spring up suddenly from the depths
Into that particularly favorable posi
tion.
"It should !>?? clearly understood that
the power of the submarine rests to a
I considerable e xtent upon l?lu(T. That, at
! lease, i.s the case whetl OlMf Nhe has
been spotted. She Is formidable enough
when slus can creep up and deliver an
[attack upon a stationary mark, but
w hen her quarry has seen her in time
and either runs or turns upon her she
| Is the most Ineffectual of war craft.
At the first indication of any intention
on the part of the merchantumn to take
the offensive the submarine would
probably become invisible altogether,
but it must also be remembered that
' such a craft, although entirely out of
sinht, may be by no means entirely
| out of reach, more especially If the at
' tacking vessel be of fairly d??ep
I draimbt. Although she cannot be seen,
- she is there to be rammed, and the
slightest touch will probably do the
j business very effectively.
Vol Offered Much t'bolef.
"Those on board the merchantman
may well ignore the fact that forcible
resistance, if it should be unsuccessful,
may entitle the other to deal with them
las privateers, for it is practically cer
: tain that if they do not resist they will
! he drowned. The choice before them is
! that between lighting and possibly
? winning and submitting and being mur
J dered. No man of spirit would waste
' much time in deciding which course to
adopt.
PETER THE GREAT RULES STILL
When the full history of the great
war comes to he writtt n. two docu
ments will he cited as having been
largely responsible for the colossal
struggle now raging on tin- Continent,
says a l-'uropean correspondent of the
Xew York I'ress. One of these is the
famous "scrap of paper," the treaty
concerning the neutrality of Itelgium,
wlille the other is a parchment scroll,
yellow and cracked, which lies in the
Czar's palace at Petrograd.
This amazing document is the will
of Peter the Great of Russia, and it
contains counsels which for two cen
turies are believed to have guided the
destinies of Russia. Kvery f'Kar on
his accession to the throne has tho
will read to him, for it tells how the
"Country of the Knows" may become
the ruler of the whole world. The
present war is one of tho stepping
stones to this end. The events which
led up to tho mobilization of Russia
last July were prophesied by I'eter
the Great with almost uncanny ac
curacy. In his historical will, which
he penned in 1725, he wrote:
"In her bid for world supremacy
Russia must take pains to establish
and maintain an intinutte union with
Austria, apparently countenancing its
schemes for future aggrandizement
and all the while secretly rousing the
jealousy of minor states against it.
In this way we must bring it to pass
that one or another party shall seek
aid from Russia, and thus we shall
exercise a sort of protectorate over
the country, which will pave the way
for future supremacy."
Austria, according to Peter, was to
be considered only a pawn in the
diplomatic negotiations by means of
which Russia was to force its way to
unassailable power. Mis plan was to
cajole the nation while It eould be of
use to the Russians, arid to strike it
a deadly blow when it stood in the
way of the country's progress.
More than 200 years ago Peter tho
Great's failing band laboriously in
scribed these prophetic words, prov
ing tlint he had tho power to trace
the course of llalkan diplomacy with
amazing exactitude. Home months ago
all that ho anticipated caino to pass.
Kerbia and Montenegro wero provoked
to war, and they turned to Russia for
aid. That furnished the spark which
kindled tho European conflagration, and
whatever tho outcome of the stTJJgKle,
I Russia's lnlluenco In the Kalkan states
will be Infinitely greater In the future.
As regards Austria, Russia Is now
striking with a vengeanc.o.
l By means of his will, PctorHho Great
I meant to guide the future Czars of his
i country, so tlint they might best fur
ther i If power of Russia. 111k counsels
deal with I'Vi'ry phase anil turn of the
i country's diplomatic relations with the
nations of Kurope.
j "Russian princes should be ennour
aged to take Gorman princesses to
! wife," wrote Peter. "Thus will wo
| draw their best blood into our nation."
The dead C/.ar also hoped that by this
means Russian royalties would absorb
tho bonellts of Gorman cIvlllKatlon.
This was one of the old man's few
errors. Ho could not foresee that In
i 2('0 years' time German "civilization"
would be held up by Knglaml, Francs
sand his nation as a tiling to be scorned
' and crushed.
The Invincible Trio.
German blood is in tho veins of most
of tiie leading royalties of Russia. Tho
present C/.ar is the son of a Danish
princess, who was half German. J.Its
wife was a German princess of tho Gor
i man State of Hesse. Tho Grand Duko
l Cyril married Princess Victoria of Snxe
| Coburg, and the Grand Duko Paul
j'married Countess llohcnfclsen, who
j came of German stock.
The power of Holland was not
1 overlooked by Peter tho Great. His
I counsels in this direction bade Russia
j make. Great liritain a commercial ally.
, To-day this has been to a largo extent
! accomplished by tho Triple Kntcnte,
: which binds Prance. Russia and Kng
land together in commerce as well as In
war.
Will Russia ('oilfiller the Worldf
Peter the Great did not endeavor lo
hide the fact that he anticipated Rus
sia becoming the world's greatest
j vower. His counsels to his successors
ion the throne of Jiis country are lengthy
and ambitious in the extreme, and they
all have in view one goal?tho conquer
I ijig of tho world by tho Czar's legions.
His plans for the Pinal strugglo for
world supremacy consisted of overtures
which were to bo made secretly to
Vienna and Paris lo share in tho domi
1 nation of tho world. Tiie two powers
would bo then forced Into a life-and
death struggle, wJJich would ellmlnato
ono from the. field. Hussla would then
step in and demolish the weakened sUr
vivor. 1
"I found Russia a rivulet. I leave
It a rlvor," said Peter the Great In con
cluding his amnzlng will. "My suc
j cessors will mako it a largo sea, des
tined to fertilize tho Impoverished lands
of lOuroRc, anil Its waters will overllow
In spite of opposing dams erected by
weak hands, If our descendants only
know how to direct Its course,"