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Sl'XDAY. J I'T.Y IS. 1015.
Boston Gets 11 Shock
BOSTON joins the ranks of other American
cities which have found themselves living
beyond their incomes. Boston's fiscal year is
but half-spent. but the city has only $30,000
in the reserve fund and ?1!H?.000 available
from the tax levy to meet expenditures for
the ne\i fix months A large deficit seems
inevitable. Everybody in the Hub of the
Universe is greatly shocked?city officials
most of all.
One of the most engaging spectacles fur
nished by the government of American mu
nicipalities Is the naive surprise wifh which
officials wake to the fact that a ticficit im
pends. They never are able to understand
it at all. Generally they seem to proceed on
the theory that a city treasury is a sort of
modern widow's cruse, operating automati
cally to supply their needs. They are dis
mayed when it fails to function in that par
ticular way.
However, there are signs of a better time
coming, when even city governments will be
able to figure out that twice two is four, and
that seven taken from six leaves rather less
than nothing. When that glorious day
arrives, American urban populations will
have sound reason to rejoice.
Where Kultur Rents Culture
RETORTS that strikes are threatened by
workmen In the Krupp munition plants
at Essen may be exaggerated, but it is prob
ahlv true that the German working classes,
'ike the British. are growing weary of what
they consider too heavy contributions to the
conduct of the war. Such discontent is but
another symptom of the unrest that has ani
mated leaders of German socialism and led
them to protest against various policies of
the Berlin government.
However. Germany knows hew to deal
with such matters far better than does Eng
land. It" England propped a half-score Welsh
coal miners against a convenient wall and
shot (hem to death, there would be trouble?
just as under similar circumstances there
would be trouble in this country?but that
procedure is quite in the German manner, nor
would Germany in the mass be likely to
rer.ent it.
In this world we cannot have unless we
pay, and democracy,<? like other blessings,
takes it.- toll fof.orio'thing. it makes sum
mary executions of this character, however
necessary or desirable to the efficient couduet
of war. highly unpopular. Autocracy feels
no such sentimental limitation. We have no
difficulty in predicting that the strike at Essen
tever will amount to much.
T
Editors at Work and Play
HIS year'? meeting of the Virginia Press
Association, which was concluded yester
day at Newport News, afforded unusual in
terest. pro!:! m i pleasure to the association's
members. There was a large attendance,
many instructive addresses and enough enter
tainment to make each day's program a salad
of commingled work and play.
Truth to tell, this is not quite the weather
when too mu'h ex. rnon, whether physical or
mental, make.- :k compelling appeal to the
average man -and the editor attains his suc.
cess by striking the average more accurately
than any on. else in his community. We
trust our brethren at the convention kept this
:n mil i ar.d did not endanger their health.
The aa.-"fiatirm. after listening to an ad
dress by John Temple Graves, of New York,
passed resolutions railing on Virginia's repre
sentatives in Congress to work for the up
building of the American merchant marine.
It is certain U <? representatives in question
will be gla 1 i to heed this instruction, if they
only knew how to go about it. Perhaps Mr.
Gfavea unfolded the secret to the editors in
private discourse nnd in that hope we shall
scan the column: .>! our contemporaries, seek
ing guidance and ight
Common Sense in IXefornr
LAWMAKKKS shouitake <1 ue warning
from the example f the spamc-n'R act.
This measure, which will go into effect in
November, has already proved disastrous to
American shipping interests .Ju t. at the
moment when so murh depends upon rmr
building up a merchant marine the La Toi
lette act has corne along "? wre< k our hopes.
The whole press of th? country with f?-w
exceptions, deplores thi. unfortunate law.
It should he stated right here that the art
?was passed with the best of in'entions it
?was fathered hy that impractical idealist.
Robert M. La F'ollette, who hails from the
far interior State of Wisconsin and who has
little acquaintance with the. conditions of
ocean trade. It was drawn up with a fine
feeling for the disadvantages and hardships of
,lhe sailor's life?and It:-, only apparent effect
Ji&h been to render the sailor's lot still harder
J^y paralyzing the business that give:, him em
ployment
The sailor's lot i-; a hard cue; no worker
endure& tuch. htrdahipb, serves such hours
and receives such poor pay. Still, this iB the
lot iu life of thousands of men. and the pay
and conditions of that life are determined in
the general competition of the world's mer
chant navies. Moreover, the sailor's lot has
been mitigated in recent years by remedial
legislation, and, of all sailors, tho American
is the b,est paid and tho best fed. There
fore. in going beyond tho protective legisla
tion of all other countries, in laying down
for American shipowners new and most
onerous obligations, Mr. La Follotte blund
ered disastrously. American steamer lines,
confronted by the necessity of complying with
demands threatening their solvency, are
transferring their ships to foreign Mags. Re
form is a highly excellent thing, but it is
better when accompanied by a little common
sense.
Politics of the Right Soft
POLITICS, according to Webster, "is the
science and art of government; the
science dealing with the organization, regu
lation and administration of a stale in both
its internal and external affairs."
We reprint this definition for the benefit, of
our greatly esteemed contemporary, the Nor
i folk Virginian-Pilot, which dissents from an
editorial statement that "so long as munici
pal government in this country is a demo
; cratic institution, founded on the consent and
i suffrage of the governed, it will bo impossible
| to divorce it from politics. Being, in this
: sense, political in its very essence, politics
always will, and always should, control it."
Our editorial, which started out with this
j premise, was devoted, among other things,
to the attempted demonstration of the
theorem that there are politics and politics.
There was nothing either in premisd or demon
stration to Justify our contemporary in con
cluding that what was meant was "political
control by a political party." As a matter
of fact, we dissent so strongly from that view
of the matter?nowhere hold, so far as we
are informed, by auy modern expert on mu
j nicipal government?that it did not occur to
? ns it remained as a subject of argument.
However, it is equally a mistake to con
| elude, as does our contemporary, "that the
! only principles involved in their management
j (that of municipal corporations) are of a
purely business character." It is on that
I very rock that so many so-called "business
; administrations" of American cities have
j struck and split. The resemblance between
i the government of a municipality and the
j direction of a great corporation is close and
! intimate, but it is by no means exact.
The primary difference is in the object
sought to he attained. Primarily, the object
of a privately owned corporation is to make
money: primarily, the object of a municipal
corporation is. or should be. to assure the
happiness, health and well-being, in many
aspects, of its citizenship. One seeks to
translate efficiency into cash: the other uses
cash?and rather generously, too?to promote
municipal and individual efficiency.
It is quite true that these objects interlap
and overlap. Tho big corporation, nowadays
at any rate, has to consider the good of its
employees and the profit of its customers, be
cause otherwise it will not make money, while
the city government must guard its finances
and conserve its resources?save money, if it
does not mako it?because otherwise it will
not realize its own ideal or achieve its own
proper destiny. It remains obvious, how
) ever, that the objects and objectives of mu
| nicipal and private corporations are radically
i distinct?and this distinction always will
i qualify their operation.
There is nothing essentially evil in the
! word "politics." Onr> of Webster's further
1 definitions is: "in a bad sense, artful or dis
honest management, to secure (lie success of
j political candidates or parties," and this sort
of politics clearly has neither necessity nor
utility in city government. The other sort
of politics has both. The city is intrusted by
the State with a share of its sovereign, gov
ernmental powers, and these powers in the
democratic theory, must be exercised for the
greatest gnod of the greatest number. That
implies politics?good politics?and. while
good politics is not always "good business,"
in tho restricted meaning, it is always good
morals and good sense.
Pensions and Graft
IT is now stated that the Grand Army of the
Republic has 1,711,515 members. Either
the r; A. R., as at present constituted, takes
in members who had no connection with tha
war, or else a very .small proportion of Union
soldiers were killed iri the war and have died
since. It is well known that the Union
armies included about 2,700.000 men, while
the membership of the A. R. is less than a
million short of t It is number.
It has been asserted time and again that
the pension list^ of the United States govern
ment are padded with the names of thousands
of pensioners who saw no military service
whatever. How much truth there is in the
charges of pension gratt cannot be estimated,
for there never has been a real pension in
vestigation Few people doubt however, that
the claims paid to men who rendered no ser
vices reach well into the millions.
This is the proper time for a thorough in
vestigation of tho whole pension system.
That a great outcry of protest will arise from
the countless beneficiaries is inevitable, but
we should not be deterred by that. All re
forms disturb many recipients of unearned
benefits.
Our national pension system is a relic of
a past aRo; it is an anachronism. It dates
front the seventies, when the high tariff
brought such a surplus to the Treasury that
the government did not know how to disposo
of it. Rut the United States has entered on
a new period of its history; it is no longer
tho Isolated, unthreatened. happy-go-lucky
country of yore. It must consider ways and
means of raising immense sums for war
! preparation. And in this contingency it can
: no longer afford the waste of unearned
pensions. ^
! Great Britain is beginning to hot ray a real
! interest in the outcome of tho war. In that
country, as in this, popular devotion to ideals
cannot be. brought about save after a good
deal of noise and excitement. The virtue of
. autocracy is that it gets things done with
relatively little noise and bluster, but some
of us. despite the obvious disadvantages, yet
prefer the methods of democracy.
I Turkey's protest against the alleged bar
barism of selling munitions of war will be
awaited with interest. Turkey, in all dis
cussions of "man's inhumanity to man,"
should speak with the voice of authority.
If Mr Meredith had bis way, he might ef
j feet some of the reforms to which he looks
forward, but. in the meantime, he will find
, ii rather dillicuit to get elected to Richmond
? oflice on that platform.
SONGS AND SAWS
lu (lie Wronif Hole.
I would not say an unkind word
About tho Wentiior Man.
Who does, at> 1 have always heard.
The very best lie ran;
But. none the lens. these last two dnya
Have shown In manner clear
That he can never win our praise
As weather engineer.
Perhaps he thinks folks In this town
Enjoy this sizzling heat.
That scorching sun rays, heating down.
Afford us all a treat;
But that is where. I'm free to say.
The Weather Man is wrong?
He should go somewhere far away
To sing his torrid song. ,
The Weather Man should shift his lot
To Johs at which he'd shine.
As stoker, keeping hollers hot,
I'pon some tropic line.
Or playing hob with molten steel.
Or in a Turkish bath.
I'm pretty sure that he would feel
He'd found a pleasant path.
But in his present post he fails
To please his clientele.
For every one his choice, assails
And brands this weather?well,
1 ban the word that fits with caro
These days of bllst'ring woe.
But let the Weather Man beware.
Else some time he will KNOW.
C nnalstency.
He?This weather is ex
ceedingly enervating, Is it
not ?
She?Indeed it is. Just !
this afternoon mother wanted
mo to dust the furniture, but
I told her it was ibo hot to
indulge in violent exercise.
Tlio l'esslinlHt Snj'di
Politicians are pretty good fellows sometimes.
There was one once who always added 10 per
cent to the market price of votes.
Opening 111* Heart.
"Is Binks as close-fisted as he used to be7"
"Oh. no. Coming down to business In the
morning he frequently buys a newspaper, instead
of trying to read that of the man in the next
seat."
Dlsereriou In Support.
Ortibbs?Do you suppose these Jingoes In case
of war would stand behind the President?
Stubhs?Oh. yes. but so far behind they would
be out of sight of tii? enemy.
A Mutter of Utility,
The baseball player thinks he Is
Of value over all?
He is to any one who needs
A solid-ivory ball.
THE TATTLER.
Chats With Virginia Editors
The Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch says; "Fish
may be brain food, but some folks who eat fish
seem to improve very slowly!" And this causes
lite Farmville Herald to speak out as follows:
"And as our brother lives and labors In a city
where the people do mostly feed on fish, he
should be competent judge of the value of the
brain-making diet. Pity the good people of
that goodly city couldn't have more of the
Southsidd Virginia ham and the Farmville fried
chicken Run up and spend the summer with
us and go back to your work with brain and
brawn both the better for dally toll."
The Newport News Press editorializes on the
newspaper men's visit to the great negro school
at Hampton as follows: "The hospitality of
the Normal and Agricultural Institute of Hamp
ton was put to a severe test yesterday, but It
was equal to the otvaslon, and the visiting edi
tors thoroughly enjoyed it. It was a good day's
work all round. Ass Dr. Phenix well said, it
gave the officers of the school and the now?
papet men an opportunity to get acquainted,
and they will understand each other much bet
tor from this time on."
"Down in Carolina, according to the latest
reports," says the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, "they
are still figuring what the country's corn crop
this year, as estimated by the recent govern
ment report, will amount to In gallons."
The ur,kindest cut of all comes from the
Fredericksburg Star in the following para
graph. "The German newspapers may gather
what comfort they can from the fact that Von
Jagow has penned a noti- which probably meets
the approval of William Jennings Bryan and
Herman Kidder.'"
M
The Staunton Xews wrpps as follows: "Con
I siderable disappointment is being expressed
over an unusual shortage in this year's June
bride output. All the props are now claimed
| by the government agents, tho news paper re
porters and distinguished citizens in other
linos, and quit*' naturally tho matrimonial re
sult is now appearing here and there under 'Our
; .Tune Bride Crop,' 'Our Falling Off in June
j Brides,' 'A Clear Loss of Nearly N'ine Per Cent,'
<? t c."
The editor of the Salem Times-Register is
i not exactly a Socialist, but' here is what he
j says: "The Census Bureau has figured that
the per capita wealth of Virginia is S1.0S6. If
: that's true, somebody has S1.0S5.70 of our
money."
Current Lditorial Comment
There Is good news from ail
sections of tho State as to re
sults from diversified farming.
The old proverb of "living at
homo and boarding at the samo
place" will be practically applied
this year, for food supplies are beine raised on
! a larger scale than ever before In the history
i of farming operations. Especially is this the
! case in ivhent growing, of which, speaking for
11 ? particular se<llon. tho Tifton (Cla > OasettA
says: "Reports from all the wheat mill." in this
section say they are crowded with wheat. Tho
I Sycamore mill is said to have 1.A00 bushels
I ahead, and r>t Cordele it is reported that the
Powell mill had last week Ji.OOO bushels ahead
; of them, and had wired for machinery to double
j their capacity. This is good news, not only for
i the millmen. hut for all of South Oeorgla Wo
are learning to feed ourselves, to quit paying
j toll to tho West and to raise our bread at home.
{ i ho crowded condition of the mills l> oniv tem
j pornry. however. If every farmer will wait, he
nn get his wheat ground before long." That
i Is the root of the matter: "We are learning to
ford ourselves." It is news that conies from
I every Southern State. Now and better method?
! In farming are making for a new era of pros*
! pority. Writing In the Rock Hill (N. C> Herald,
j W l'\ Rhodes, a successful farmer, sums the
I situation in a few telling words: "I cut cotton
j acreage throe years ago. 1 believe In rotation
! and diversification. I plan to feed myself, my
' family and my ptoek and tho farm from the
I farm, so far as possible." And every farm in
iho South can be made self-sustaining. It is
merely a question of the man and the land, and
the land never falls to answer to Intelligent
milt i vat ion.?Atlanta Constitution.
The monthly circulation state
ment shows that cash is being
Injected into the currents of
trade, although there Is no good
work for it to do in such surplus
amounts. There was gold enough
last year, but In June there was In circulation
Jl.fiTti.OOft.OOft. against last year 51.049,000,000.
The barks have no need of the unusual amounts
In circulation, and people are carrying more
in theli pockets than is their custom. This
year there tire out $&0,601,000 of Federal reserve
Better
Farming
Methods
Have We
Too Much
Money?
notes, although lant y?ar th?r* w?r? none, and
this year there In no greater need of them. This
year there uro afloat national hank notes to the
total of $V86.t543.fi47. although last year tho
country got along very well with $718,085,63? for
a larger business. There are other minor
changes, and. In total, the currency now In
circulation Is $3.5KB.140.626. against $3,419,168,
308 In Juno last year. That works out at $1.06
more apiece than last year and several dollars
apiece more than In the boom times of 1906.
This country has never learned how to get rid
of unnecessary circulation. In fact, there Is
more money In circulation now than ever be
fore, although Uie needs of trade are loss than
In several other years.?New York Times.
Gossip From "Down Home"
"Why can't Morehead City go into pecan
planting?" asks the Morehead City Coaster, and
adds: "It would bo a fine thing to set hundreds
of these trees of the best varieties on our main
streets and the cross streets, wherever shade Is
missing. Thus we would get a combination of
the useful and the agreeable, for the nuts are
worth several dollars a bushel and are in steady
demand, while the tree Is handsome. Other
towns in the. Eastern section have caught on
to the pecan, which is a profltmaking tree. It
would thrive here exceedingly."
Here is a wail from the Walnut Cove News:
"Wheat threshing has started In this section,
and the crop is reported as fairly good. The
greatest trouble with Stokes County farmers
Is they do not try to make wheat, depending
on tobacco for everything. When they learn
to practice diversification, producing their home
supplies first and tobacco for a surplus crop,
they will wonder how they ever lived as long
as they havo on western sow-elde and tin
boxes."
A bright picture comes through the editorial
column of the Lumberton Tribune as follows:
"Many dollars' worth of Robeson County pro
duce is being sold now every day. In a Lum
berton store to-day we saw watermelons, cab
bage, Irish potatoes, peas, beans, apples and
peaches, ail produced on Robeson County farms
The man who can bring something of the kind
with him every time he comee to town gets
along much better than the one who has noth
ing to bring until he picks out his cotton."
The Rocky Mount Telegram pokes fun at the
brethren of tho weekly press an follows: "With
final settlement of who It was that brought 1?
the first cotton blossom, the country editor of
tne weekly Is anxiously awaiting the arrival
of the tlmo for the use of the conventional
write-up on 'the biggoBt watermelon of the
season,' or better yet, 'the office treat,' etc., by
Farmer So and So. While In the meantime the
city f?*llow wonders why In the deuce he doesn't
get onto a country weekly."
The Salisbury Tost tells this story of a once
famous negro politician: "Isaac Smith, the
wealthy negro, who died In Newbern the other
day, was a remarkable fellow. He was per
haps the wealthiest negro In tho State, and had
represented his county In the Legislature. Smith
was a member of the Legislature that passed
the act calling for a vote to amend the Con
stitution. and his speech on the floor of the
House will be remembered by all those who
hoard the Newhern negro.
The Greensboro Record Inquires: "Speaking
of patriotism, who knows what the North Car
olina flag looks like?" And the Raleigh News
and Observer rushes In with the first answer,
as follows: "Looks like North Carolina be
lieves in the Mecklenburg Declaration of In
dependence"'
1 he Voice of the People
Help the Nejfro Exposition.
Tn the Editor of The Times-Dispatch:
?ir.?Feeling an interest in the negro expo
sition now being held In our eltv, I visited it
this week, in company with several friends.'and
was very much disappointed on finding the
attendance so small, but was very much grati
fied to find such a creditable exhibit. The ne
ftoes of Richmond and of Virginia have a
tight to f^^l Justly proud of the progress of
the race as reflected in this exposition.
Tt Is to be hoped that thev will realize the
mistake that thev are makine and at once give
It their support. ' THrLIP E. \V. GOODWIN'.
Richmond. July 15, 1315.
Ptihllr F.mploymfnt Bureau.
To the Editor of Th* Times-Dispatch:
Sir.?Please inform a taxpayer of this city
and give proper comment In your editorial
columns 'he exact status of the Richmond Pub
lie Employment R'irenu, which Is financed by the
eitv of Richmond at Its taxpayers' expenpe.
Is the bureau established for the purpose of
nssistine the ritizens of our city to secure work
and rbe users of labor of our city Its labor,
or was it established for the purpose, at the
cost of $r..of"') or more a year, to secure work
for men and women floating Into our city, not
regular ?-esidents?
For example, furnishing the horse boats going
to England with men. 0? per cent of whom are
floaters?cettinc nonresidents positions for non
residents'*
Money was recently refused for playgrounds.
Why not explode the city bureau, not a success
or necessity, and let this money be us*d for
t-hc playgrounds or for other purposes that
would be of more benefit to the working peo
ple of our citv than the Richmond City Public
Fmployment Bureau has proven to be1
A TAXPAYER.
Richmond. July 1ft. 1915.
One Wn-r tn F.nd the Wnr,
To the Editor of The Times-Dispatch:
Sir?I don't know that It Is wise for Amerl
car.fi to express their views regarding the Eu
ropean war. The necessary impartlalltv which
our government must show toward all those
nations at war makes the situation for Mr. Wil
son very difficult and unenviable, and we who
have no such responsibility should he careful.
I believe If the neatest number of those people
who nr' doinsr the flsrhtlng could quit and go
home they would be did to do It. provided
conditions which prevailed before the war com
menced could be restored. Does It not seem,
then, that n proposition like Miis would meet
their approval (I do not mean that of the Kings,
Kaisers and Emperors, but of the people):
That the divisions and boundaries of each
division south and west of Russia should re
main as before, and that these divisions should
become united under one representative gov
ernment
That the burden of war debt should be taken
ovf r by this new government.
That coast or ocean riphts should be owned
in common.
T iio not think either England or Russia would
go in for this, but I do think it would be gladly
agreed to by Germans and the French people,
and perhaps by all those divisions of Southern
Europe. TIARRT RL.ATR.
N'ono, Va.. July 15, 1015.
Queries and Answers
Weit Virginia Debt.
Would It not ba well that the receiver In the
settlement of the debt due by West Virginia
rhouUl have no pay till the money begins to
come in? GEORGE Q. PEYTON.
Would you unsettle the foundation of modern
government ?
Diphtheria.
'""an you give me the correct pronunciation
of the word "dlphUieria"? E. I/, COOKE.
The "ph" sound in English is not quite fixed,
in Englfind the pronunciation of "ph" In diph
theria as If it were "p" is generally avoided,
and (he New Englls"h Dictionary does not recog
nize It. The sound of "f" Is employed In this
and In most others Involving the "ph." as you
may see In Rlppman's work, "The Sounds of
Spoken English," page 37. In the Southern
States there Is a strong Inclination to prefer
'he "ph" sound as "p," and there would be Uttlo
hopo for the "t" sound but for the schools and
the dictionaries, the vogue of such works as
the Standard and the Century and the general
employment of the Webster through this region,
i In the case of the much more discussed word,
| "diphthong," for instance, the Standard and
j Webster give only Uie "t" sound, and the Cen
j turv gives the pronunciation with "C before
l that with "p."
DANGEROUS FIREWORKS
One of the Day's Best Cartoon*.
WASHINGTON, July 17 ?In a re- i
cent publication of the Smithsonian
* i
Institution H. M. Cadcll reports his
studies and investigation!! of the Klon- |
dike and Yukon gold field, including !
nn Interesting rovlew of the oarly hia- j
tory of this diatriot as well as a proph- I
ecy n? to its future development
The name Klondike was once in j
every mouth, and late in the nine- |
teenth century It nearly became a
synonym tor all that wm rich and j
prosperous. But of late It has not j
been so common, its oarly bloom hav- i
Ing faded away. The sensational j
pockets of fine placer gold, which at-j
tracted hordes of hardy advonturersi
from every quarter, aro now nearly j
depleted, and no new ohcb have been 1
disrovered to maintain its earlier rep-!
utatlon But while this part of the
Yukon district can no longer bo called
a poor man's gold field, it bt111 con-j
talr.s a considerable quantity of al-j
luvial cold which can be secured by
the application of capital and brains
It remains a region well worth visit
ing, for besides the gold it has other
possibilities of development. There ,
nre many points of geographic and rcl-|
en'lfb- Interest; in this remote and lm-1
perfectly explored northwestern cor
ner of the British empire there are;
numerous problems awaiting the dia-:
cussion and investigation of the geol
ogist and the geographer of the years,
to come. j
On hi? trip of investigation. Mr. ,
Cadell steamed up ^he coast from \an- ,
cotiver and through the Lynn (.anal ?
to Skagway. which he terms the gate. J
way to the Yukon, and describes as |
"a wretched littel town, with decaved
wooden houses and cross-grown j
streets, the scene of many robberies, j
riots and murders at the time of the ,
gold rush, which the police authorities
had neither the power nor energy to
control Skagway Is not, and^ can
never be, of much use to the United
States, except as an obstruction to
Canadian progress, but might be of
some advantage to the vast Canadian
hinterland less than, twenty miles In
land." .
Skagway is surrounded or. tnree
sides bv a plateau of steep and rugged
mountains through which two 'rails
lead to tho north over the ^ hit*
Horse and rhllkoot Passes. up whose
wild and difficult ravines thousands of
fortune trekked and Ftrufir^lod
with their heavy parks. tools and
tints in the mad rush to the expected
F1 Dorado over f>oo miles away. , oon
after the gold was was found in Quan
tities a mountain railroad was built
?r the White Pass from Skagway to
the summit and on to Lake Bennett,
o distance of forty miles, traversing a
wild and ire-worn plateau of eleant'.r
proportions, strewn with moraines,
snrinkled over with lakes ar d n
closed by snowy peaks S.000 to fi. ?
feet in heicht
Vt the head of Lake Bennett lies the
flesTted town of Bennett, where, at
the time of the gold rush there w*r?
lodzed some S.000 people n _ bouses,
huts and tents, but the onlv buildmc
now standing besides the railroad sta
tion. is a wooden Prerbyterian church,
whirh shov s th.U nt least a few right
eouH men were amonsr that ^mlW
?rowd. It was here that the first pros
pectors and miners cot into boats and
canoes and navigated their fra 1 '?raft
throueh lakes and rapids for the je
mnlning 531 miles of their venturesome
loutney to Dawson City. The last
stretch of the railroad from Sk.^wav
runs along Lake Bennett to \\ hite
Horse, a few miles above Lake Iceberg .
I where safe navigation down the Lewes
River to Dawson begins
Although the great ice fields o^ the
earlv ages swept the greater portion of
North America they missed the region
of the Klondike, and consequently the
gold-producing deposits remained in
tact until the early prospectors dis
covered therr.. The Yukon gold field is
confined mainly to the vicinity
' Dawson City, although small quantities
of gold ran be found in the sand oi
the Yukon for hundreds of miles up
the valley. ..
Dawson C'ty is situated on the allu
vial Tat 'ahere the Yukon is joined n>
the Klondike River, two tributaries
which are the famous Bonanza Cre _
and Hunker Creek. Although traces of
gold were discovered In the Tu^n,^
ley in about ISfiO. it was tw* 7?,,nd In
later, in 1381, before it wasJovnA in
the Big Salmon, and in the Lew< '
lv and Stewart Rivers. J'^nnd on
afterward coarse gold was *?ndon
the Fortymlle. a trihutaryoftheg\ukon
helow Dawson, and In 1894-18??, m
dfscoveries of Bob Henderson and
Oaorge Cormack In Hunker and'
ant\ rveeks drew miners Into Klondike
Vril'lrv from all quarters. P"* ??>"?
quantities of gold were soon foundjn
Bonanza Creek, and many minersmad?
fortunes In a short time, but untor
lunate?? most of the gold was spent
PVl?ha!ne ttken'^OOO^ oTa
cla^m' elghty-slx feet by^300 bxit,
phoveSrPteynt The^ulVk
?pt fortune on record was secured bj
two men who cleaned up gold to the
value of tfiR.onn In twenty seven hours.
Stories of the proceedings at Klondike
during these "golden days are not
edifvlng. but point to the moral that
wealth too easily and quicklv won is
.nt to wor.K ill. The total output in
UftR was $10,000,000 from which
figrres It Jumped six million annually
ur.t'll 1D00. when the production reached
$22.27S,000 .tho highest point. From
this point a steady decline began, until
in 100S when It was $2,820,131, at which
time hydraullcking and dredging began
and the total output rose siowlv until
It was $5,018,411. In 1913. It h3S been
estimated that only about $2?.000.000
worth of gold remains to be produced,
out of the original available amount of
nearly $180,000,000.
At th? height of the boom In th?
winter of 1R99 .the population of Daw
son Is paid to have reached 25,000: re
cer.tly. however. It has dwindled down
to less than 2,000 people.
Tho various processes of recovering
go!d_)n this region fall under three
main"' heads, individuals, by washing
surface gravels with shovel and pan.
or by sluicing with flume and sluice
box. small parties, by working drift
with mechanical tcrapers and sluices,
or drift mining in ehafts and sluicing:
and capitalists, by dredging with
powerful mechanical plants, hydraulic
sluicing with monitors, or mining and
stamping ore In mills The firs' class
include "poor men's digging*;." and the
second requires more financial re
sources and mechanical ability, but a
successful man in the first mav be
come a member of the second class.
While the first two classes require
fairly rich ground, only men with ex
ceptional ability and ample capital an
reach the third class and work the low
grade plirpr gravels or quartz veins
successfully.
The author describes In detail the
Feveral methods of extracting gold
from the frozen Klondike field, based
upon his p'-rsonal observations, and
shows how man has changed the topo
graphy of this district, especially in
the valleys; first the drift miners
turned the erravel upside down, then
the dredgers plowed it all over again
and threw it in'o great ridges of stonn
with mud banks between, and finally.
1 v.-he.-e there were white gravels on the
| high ground, the hydraulic "giants"
washed them down into great fan
j shaped rones. sometimes reaching
| across the entire valley, completely
| burying all below, damming up ;;ullles
! and producing new lakes All of which
i operations have made tough problems
for the future geologist
The vast territory of the Yukon dls
f < t is imperfectly explored, and al
| iho'.ich it is far north. th>* clirnale in
i summer Is warm and favorable for
agriculture and grazing. Exploration
! is now readily effected from Daw-son.
; and Mr. Cadell hopes that fresh enter
I prise will reveal new resources that
i will lead to the permanent settlement
\ of this remote and almost uninhabited
i outpost.
Women and War
(Agneit Kcpller In the Atlantic
Monthly.)
j Wo find women to-day talking and
i wilting as If none of their sex had
' anything at stake In the defense of
i their violated homes, as 1/ they had
, no sacred rights bound up with the
; sacred rights of men. The National
, American Woman Suffrage Association
j sent last autumn an appeal to organ
| lzed suffragists all over the world.
I urging them to "arise In protest, and
show war-crazed men that between
the contending armies there stand
i thousands of women and children who
j are the innocent victims of man's un
bridled ambitions."
? There was no word In this appeal
J to indicate that any nobler?and
: humbler?sentiment than unbridled am
j bttion i which, after all, is for the very
j few) animates the soldler'6 heart,
i There was no distinction drawn be
! tween aggressive and defensive war
i fare. There was no hint that men
bear their full share of the suffer
ings caused by war. The assumption
that women endure all the pain Is in
accordance with the assumption that
men enjoy all the pleasure. To write
?s though battle were a game, played
by men at the expense of women. Is
childish and Irrational. We Americans
ire happily spared the sight of man
gled soldiers lying in undreamed-of
agony on the frozen field. We do not
see the ghastly ambulance trains jolt
ing along with their load of broken,
tortured men; or the hospitals where
these wrecks are nursed back to Bome
poor remnant of life, or escape through
the merciful gates of death. But we
might read of these things; wo might
visualise them In moments of com
fortable leisure, nnd take shame to
our souls at the platform eloquence
which so readily assumes that the sor
rows of war are hidden In women's
hearts, that the burdens of war are
laid upon women's shoulders, that wo
men are sacrificed In their helplessness
to tho hatred and the ambitions, the
greed and the glory of men. . . .
Tt is possible for an American wo
man to have no quarrel with any one,
no knowledge of what Europe is quar
reling about, and no human concern
as to which nations win. But she
should not think, and she certainly
should not say, that the women of the
warring lands are equally ignorant
and equally unconcerned. The Servian
woman, no doubt, cares a great deal
for the freedom of her hard-presped.
bravely-defended country. The French
woman cares with her whole soul for
the preservation of France. The Bel
gian woman can hardly be indifferent
to the ultimate fate of Belgium. Tt is
even possible that the English and
German women are not prepared to
clasp each other's hands and say,
"We are sisters, and it matters noth
ing to us whether England or Germany
wins." The pitfall of the feminist la
(he belief that the Interests of men
and women can ever be severed; that
what brings suffering to the one can
, leave tho other unscathed.