MlEB LESSONS IN 1 GARE OF RUTOMOBILE Gnerrlich Explains IA ^ Understood Punction of the Torque Arm. NT QUESTIONS ANSWERED imnbllp Owners Find A aluiible plnformation as to the Solution of fK Many New Problems Their Ma | thine* Constantly Develop. raw ATTTO I.KSSOX NO. 1W. .'/Coovricht I91S. by Pr^'J. c. Gu^rrltch ? IftA little understood unit of the auto mobile chassis, is tho torque arm or torque tube, the purpose of which is to keep the rear axle housing from turning. ?? When the rear axle housing l*f held j front turning, tho revolving o* tn , propeller shaft and the driving pinion \ K' Fig. 1. would snake the gear II rt- j volve and so also the rear wheels. I . ; however, the axle housing wer< fr . so that it could revolve, then instead of the gear and wheel revolving saj . In tho direction of tho arrow No 1 ? the pinion 1C would roll around the gear H. and thus both axle and I',nl'\n I housings would . revolve in the dtrec- j lion of the arrow No. -. the whetl rc- j inalnLng stationary. ! V-vIf the ^resistance of tho wheel to {turning be greater than that of the . bousing^ then the housing vv111 i VOlve; while, if that of the housing he Brwter. the wheel will re\ol% ? Kow there is a natural resistance to fche whMl turning. while praotica.ll> none for the housing. Therefore, it is toeoessary to add some device to hold - 'tho housing against revolving. Three methods are used to hold the housing from revolving; namclj tn ";or hold tho axle out of line, or out ^txtCT in any way. it must be so con- j footed to the housing and to the iTO. . lumber of the frame as to swnei in j rractlally in all directions. ; tRius the torque arm Ts cenerauy | encd to the housing by means of a anng bolt A. on which it can swivel or jswtng. If this were not done, and were ? ilhe front end fastened either too> fj*T ; to the right or left, one wheel would be Afield forward and the other back, with the result that the car would tend to travel In a circle. Due to the swinging ?f the car body, there will always be a ?wtni?inB of the arm on the bolt A. and ? Bo, in time, the bolt or the bole through 5'"Which it passes will wear. AShen this happens there will be a poynding noise j tinder tbe car every time it passes o\er an irregularity or is started or stopped. Many ears are equipped with bushings l&fB) which can be replaced when worn " The front end of the torque arm is qnaVlv'PfaMened to the cross member ?of the fra^e. as shown/ You will note that the arm terminates in a ball (C) '?which fits in sockets (P>- By having this ball and socket, a twisting of the arm which would otherwise result when one wheel Is on an obstruction or in a hollow, is prevented. To allow a slight movement of the arm the bumper .sprinus (F.) arc fur SISied 1 might say here that these ?mrinin* cushion many severe blows. ?Ed th^t they often break. When brok en there will be a bad metallic knock jrfnc Just under the front seat. i There will also be a bad knocking , When the bolt (TO. by which the bum per tube (G) is fastened to the cross , member of the frame, Is worn. As a ! rule this holt is equippedwUh a grease j run the same as are the holts oi uie ^ snri'nus. As this grease cup is not seen, .,'i i* hard to get at, it Is much neg lected. Neglecting to use it will soon result In knocking, which will prove verv disagreeable. Many cars, instead of a torque arm. have a torque tube. In this ca.se a tube, through which the propeller j?baft passes, is bolted to the axie or the pinion housing, the other ?'^ng ?on nected to the cross membet of thf frame. Figue 3 shows the torque tube. ?Here (A) is the torque tube. You will note that the rear end of the tube Is rigidly connected to the housing, but that the front end is^ con nected to the cross member of the frame by a ball and socket, so that | the tube can swlnu in any direction, j In addition to taking care of ho d- | ing the rear axle housing from revolt ing, the torque tube also transmits th drive or push of the rear wheels to the body of the car. so that the spring are'not required to do anything in ad Edition to absorbing the road slim K>. While the torque arm also transmit! some of the drive of the wheels to tin car. the springs, when they are u. e C'. X JinVbf'i! int.' h lr.t"rest In vnur wfltlWii UDiler ,Th? Autoriiol.-ile n.j.lttb-.; " ix'There is nno thing. ir w. v. r v hi. n is not to me. and tli.?* *- wi.cti.'r ? t not r ne coil unite are enr,' *<"? in s-riej. !'?>?? r.-& non I 8#k about tl u- t>)U> H-.r--- . me that the < > was no rh. could wire ar^ui-.d it. a t' <- - ?? ? ? :iU.- A? soon us ho tol K. I th.-n -hanee.i from < to 3 at-.'! th?n - and N . I cutting out a cylin-'.-r i.n.e : 11. - i thc Information 1 ? n aft. - \. ? v i? m thai connecting with No. ' ? .a;.-n ? ng.n? run .??> nil four cylinder?. :>i--t r ? - Mr?- v when connected with '??>> ? r t v,.. ?when conr.ecloil- with N? f ? ?; iry w r If the unltH \v> rt ? : ???-?I ? . ? : v " cells It would !??? 'ii?? me that each unit ;v 't ? r. ? ? ? i? h n-h the liuss liar a! th* t< i.. ? tin . \ ?' Is connected to th'- i.ri . n .? r. j ->. - , j V' think that the 'nciii' ?"j: : -ir. 7. Tieoted with. \\ . ? \ ? A. With the * '.r'v ( I ; l; Switches It was T>o*?:M?- ? > :.r- . .tr. iji ?! | i.\|he switch as you mv in w hi h ??as.- 11. ri eneine would run <-n tbr- ? ? - cylinders heing 1. C and ?? ? ? ? ? f-.ilfon was made to N . Th i .. . ? ; clve a spark on the - . . < .rr.:r.-s>, ?{>.?n | * see why thia did not u. wj,. i ,< tK'innected to No 3 ^nd i . N-. . l i. Kone ?o far as to in:u > tl.. 1 mi- r. ? v-j'fo get the nanus result a<= you - . . T , . In?r lo numht-r thr'-- l.- . u ? .. - ., . cylinders 1 t and 4. tl>< r< ,,r? : No. i at the same rijr..- th- ,:i,. , j, none for its m.w. r cir ? Q I have an ( ? ti.:i.-hln> M f'.chins stepped on an ..- ii. 'i --if... v ??, ,Jt warring. I examine.1 ar.-i x"..un.1 .t . ? , around the crank u.- w?,< ? ? th. , in. How long ...- ^n.t i ui in it cane? No 2 Mv ri-i'lrt'-r i Arl.iir.-l >>; t r<* 'roavld acrew. about nr ..I,.) ,.u, I,..)/ II ong. ;hr? i. Function of the Torque Arm nstall the new crank case, as It will be necessnrv to scrape In the bearinc. No. -? Mote than likely the flexible driving shaft Is broken. Any mechanic can repair It. un ions a new one ts necessary, in which case you can get i! from the speedometer makers. . No. 3. Hither the second speed gears urn worn to Hit ancle, or the locking ?levlre is . not working properly. No. 4. There will al ways bo a little play In the steering hand I wheel, but if you think there is too much ' in yours, you can lake it out by turning . down on the larne nut on top of the steering | mechanism at the bottonj of the Hteerlnu ? column. When dolne this have both wheels Jacked up and try the hand wheel so as not ; to net a "bind.** It would be well have i an experienced mechanic do this. No. 6. ; If the screw roes in so far that the head . touches aii-l bears on some metal part. u?o 1 a lock washer, but if It protrudes screw a ? lock nut on it. (j. Would you please answer the follow- I lnc questions: No. 1. I have a 1;<1S t > I car. run only 100 miles. It has developed a I peculiar sound lately. It appears to como 1 from the rear ' of the machine, and is a', winning sound which Increase In pitch with , the speed of the car. llad this ought to be j so"* Also the roller bearing Just ahead of! the tllllTeniial on the drivn shaft heats ; slight ly. What is the cause of I his? There i is plenty of grease In the differential. No. ". ' One o.f the front wheels was too loose. I 1 tried to adjust it. but when 1 got the cone ] in the proper position. 1 found that to bring j the spindle nut slot opposite the hole for ; tliu cotter pin. It was too loose, while turn- ; inc it up to the next slot made it too tight. I Is there any other way to adjust these cones? K. It. 11. A. No. 1. Hoth the whining noise and the heating of tho bearing are probably due to the differential driving pinion not being set correctly with re-suect to the large ring gear of the differential. I would have the near est service station look to this for you. No. i!. Yi'U might try changing about the nuts of the two wlieels. If this does not help, send for a new nut with the privilege of re turning the on?* you now have. Using a washer also helps, btit 1 do not like to recommend this, ajs it Is a makeshift. SLAV REA>YTl"UGT~PRbFIT THROUGH SIMPLE SCHEME With Japan iu? Dane lie Dtryn Up itusnlnn Money and Sella It Mt Uereiuie. HARBIN, Manchurfa Aug. 31?While wca.lt.hy people here are gambling feverishly with roubles on the chance of winning through intervention, there is in Japan, quietly netting at regular intervals immense sums as the result of tho ebb and How in the value of the rouble, a Russian financial genius who ha-? built up an extraordinar> rouble selling and buying organiza tion. The story of this organization which is creditably reported to bring in its founder a million roubles (nominally $500,000) profit monthly is certainly one of the most remarkable romances of the war. It must be understood that the value of tho rouble differs according to the I place. Kor Instance, it may be at ! Harbin, and vice versa. The essential fact that the price of the rouble at New York, Tokyo, Peking, Changchun. Harbin, Vladivostok and Shanghai ts never the same. Here. then, is the secret of the huge profits of this shrewd rouble dealer. By means of his perfect organiza tion he is continuelly buying in a cheap and selling in a dear rouble market. The system is simplicity It self so much so that it is a wonder that this tield of enterprise is left almost entirely to 1 The system requires immense initial capital and perfect knowledge of ex change rates, which "the rouble king" possessed, as well as his clearing house. | He has no worries. He canntiot help making extraordinary profits but one pities the wretches who have not the same financial skill and who cannot sleep for thinking whether they ought to keep in roubles or in yen the part of their fortune which they salved in the Russian debacle. >"o Morr Gold l.ace. LONDON, August 24.?Hereafter no gold lace, gold embroidery, or trold thread can be worn by any civilian. This is by order of the board of trade which announces that such gold em bellishments can only he worn on the uniform of His Majesty's services or on the dress of an ollicer in the mer cantile marine. Therr are n lot of good liousrn and flats iidvfrtiurd for rent In the Want Ad* (n-d?T. itend them carefully. If 7011 fall to find what you ivant write an ad yourself. Maxotire ? ? A Tire Within ^ ?P\AX0T1RE,? Tour Ti,re Solves ^ Your Tire Problem. I ^SSARCO 020 "Went Hrond. Take Our Advice and Buy Your Davis Car Now While You Can We don't like to take the part of a pessimist, but the recent order of the government concerning the steel supply to makers of passenger cars certainly will cause a shortage and make prices go higher than they are; therefore, if you are in the market for a passenger car, you had better get it NOW. DAVIS? Essential Sixes A re Making Good in Richmond Davis cars are making good because they are made to make good?best materials, careful and thoughtful de signing and perfect workmanship are the factors that con tribute to the Davis cars both in this country and abroad. Continental Motors. IT miles to the gallon. r?.1 mii? miles on tires. 11 on high. Parting, Lighting and Ignition. Warner Transmission. I'Y r Radiators. Siromberg Carburetors. Distinctive design and hand-painted. Anil, above all, greater value than you can possibly get any other car at the same prices. Ask for a demonstration "TiT^ U ? (Incorporated) KusscII II. Ivaulintrs, Pres. 318 W. Broad Street GREAT MOTOR EXPOSITION AT CHICAGO IN SEPTEMBER Will lie Followed by Vote on *(10.000,000 I?<>ml HoimI Ihaiio In ' UliiiolM. ".Since my observation of the recent national tractor demonstration at Sullna. Kans., I am more enthusiastic than ever over the splendid work being done by tractors on our American farms." says H. V. Uuelow. manager of the National Truck. Tractor and lOqiiipment Exposition, t.o be held on th? Municipal Pier In Chicago September | 14 to 21. , "Out upon those broad Kansas acres I spent a whole week watching: the | various tractors prove their usefulness under every sort of conditions, and let me say that farming has entered upon a new era in America. Tractors have proved their practicability not only on the larsre farms, but for the medium sized and even small farms as well. Naturally. 1 am glad to report that the tractor section of the national exposi tion on the pier in September will re veal these various types of tractors." Good roads gospel will receive great impetus at this exposition. Following an interview with Governor Lowden. of Illinois. Manager Buclow stated that the subject would be bandied at the exposition in an elTecrive manner on Illinois Good Roads Day. September is, when the road boosters of the State will meet on the pier to boost for the $t;o.noo.000 highway bond Issue to be voted on In Illinois this fall. "The bond issue goes hand in hand with the development of cross-country motor truck lines." said Mr. Uuelow. "The war is teaching us that it is an economic waste to burden the railroads with every bit of the intercity and interstate transportation. Truck manu facturers are meeting the new demand with Improvements that make truck train .schedules as reliable as railway schedules. Increased food production Is vital, as well as the manufacture of essential products, but the motor truck must help solve the problem of dis tribution. and good roads art! abso lutely essential to motor truck trans KoehlerT rucks $1450 5-Jt?. CAPITAL MOTOR CORP., 319 W. Broad Street. \ -GENERAL AUTO SUPPLY Pf. RCTTEMJERR, Manager. Succeeding Falcon Tire Snlea Co. 1U03 Went Uroad Street. Tiros and tubes. lowest prices In the South. J100.0O0 stock boujtht to protect our customers. Call at once to buy while you can Bave 20 per cent to 46 per rent. All tires cuar Hiitced. Howe. Kniplre and National*. All standard makes. Mail orders tilled. New Petersburg Branch now open Complete stock. same nuaranteo. ,-f.iiuo bavines. 34 llolllncbrook Street. BUiUHwiuasyf JO&2 .yA^ir +T[ W Broad SC 'iWuruod BranchRichmond. V*. portallon. The object of the exposition Is to give a splendid demonstration of these war-time requirements." Colony Factory In Indlnna. Large manufacturing centers may boast of the prosresslveness and de velopment they have brouRUt about in their communities, and yet the Auto mobile Blue Book assures us In Its polnta of Interest that Richmond, In