The Salt Lake tribune. [volume], October 12, 1913, Magazine Section, Image 48

About The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current

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THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE, SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 12, 1913.
ff . t I (iVil i
mlmm"- Odd New Discoveries About -4 ; ' n-I
PPI0fi the Great Queen Hatshepsut, , , ,
Rllilg1 Who Was First of the Militant ggp (J i J
WWSlHP Suffragettes of 4,000 Years M j '
KSliliilffl Ago, and Even Wore a Beard, TpSf f ri
Hatshepsut at Her Toilet a
Quite Feminine Picture.
fl jr w ANY new discoveries have "been
IVI made by the Egypt Exploration
Avx Fund concerning Queen Hat
6hepsnt, the remarkable woman who
ruled over Egypt 4,500 years ago.
These discoveries, more than justify
the claim of Queen Hatshepsut to he
called the Mrs. Pankhurst of her time.
Queen Hatshepsut gained full pos
cession of the throne from which she
ousted her worthless brother, assumed
the garments of a man, extended the
empire into far distant regions, erect-
Hj ed the greatest temples and monu-
ments of her time and. gave the peo
pie the most efficient government they
had ever known.
The latest worlc hearing on Queen
Hatshepsut is the complete excavation
of tlie great temple built by her at
Deir-el-Bahri, west of the Nile, near
1 Thebes. This building was erected
at the base of a vast cliff which adds
curiously to its grandeur.
The temple now stands practically
perfect with terraces and courts re
stored. The wonderful colored reliefs
commanded by Queen Hatshepsut to
record her career and. glorify her sex
are now visible to the world. The
temple was constructed on three ter
races and lies at the foot of cliffs that
rise 400 feet sheer above it.
Buried in the temple are Hatshep
sut; her father, Thutmose I.; her
brother, Thutmose II., and her balf
brother, Thutmose III. It Is notice
able that in all the decorations Hat
shepsut occupies nearly the entire
wall space. Her men relatives occupy .
Hj only the minimum space necessary to
-depict them, and they are all rcpre
sented standing, while the Queen Is
seated.'
On the upper terrace of the temple
is a shrine of Hathor, the cow god
dess, the favorite divinity of Hat
shepsut. On the wall painting withiu
Hathor Is represented iu the form of
a cow suckling a boy and protecting
a man standing before her.
" On the lower platform of the tem
pie is a most interesting relief illus
tratlng the methods used by the an
cicnt Egyptinns in transporting huge
obelisks and' monoliths. Three rows
of boats tow the huge barge iu which
an obelisk is loaded.
The relief shows the pilots' boats
running ahead with the pilots taking
the soundings, the taut cable, the
swinging oars, the tender and the
rear line of craft carrying officiating
priests and the royal emblems of Hat
shepsut. In this way, with the aid of 2,000
Hj men, (he two obelisks erected in
honor of Hatshepsut were carried to
the temple of Anion at Karnak.
One of the many Inscriptions to
Hat3hepsut on the walls at Deir-el-Bahri
dec-lares: "Hatshepsut, the di
vine consort, adjusted the affairs of
the tvro lands (1. e., upper and lower
Egypt) by reason of her policies;
Egypt was made to labor with bowed
head for her."
H The 'magnificently colored reliefs
of the temple show that Hatshepsut
wore all the costume and regalia of
a male Pharaoh. She wore a crown,
dressed herself entirely in men's
garments and put on an artificial
beard. The archaeologist informs us
that an ambasador at her court
would find the way to her favor if he
addressed her as "His Majesty."
Hatshepsut, through her mother,
Queen Ahmose, v.ras the heiress of the
Hj oider line of Pharaohs, which had
left no male representatives. From
the beginning of her career she was
confronted by a conspiracy of her
father, Thutmose L, and her other
male relatives, to deprive her of her
rights, just as the modern sufra
gettes say they are being deprived
of theirs. She compelled her father
to surrender the throne to her, as
he was not of royal descent and had
no rights after his wife was dead.
She was married according to the
ancient Egyptian custom to her
brother Thutmose II.
Zlc endeavored to usurp the entire
fl power, but Hatshepsut overcame him.
First she forced him to ackuowl
edge her as co-ruler, and her next
step was to send him into retire
meat and assume all the honors and
rights of the Pharaoh. She was
H ' i
The Wonderful Temple at Deir-el- Bahri Which Hatshepsut Built and in Which She Al- M Sffl f4 ' t
lowed the Records of the Men of Her 'Family Hardly Any Space at All. ml 1 lfiU'l Xtil ' 'J'A dla
styled "the female Horus," and a
woman ruled alone over Egypt for
the first time.
Her father was still alive and plot
ted with her half-brother, known as
Thutmose III., his son by a slave
named Isis, to gain possession of the
throne. Thutmose III. held the
throne for three years, and then Thut
mose II. emerged from retirement
and secured the throne for himself,
while keeping his wife in the back
ground. But Hatshepsut was not to be sup
pressed. She gathered her adher
ents together, and at first cleverly
compelled her husband to acknowl
edge her as co-ruler. When she gath
ered sufficient strength she threw
him off the throne.
Hatshepsut was now permanently
established in power. The inscrip
tions tell us that "Egypt was made
to labor with bowed head for her,
the excellent seed of the goda. The
bow-cable of the south, the mooring
stake of the southerners, the excel
lent stern cable of the Northland is
she, the mistress of command, whose
plans are excellent, who satisfies the
Two Regions when she speaks."
Her faithful followers were placed
in all the high offices of the empire.
It is conjectured that there must
have been women among them, but
the records do not speak certainly
on this point. Her scribe Amonem
hat, and his assistant, Aahmes, stood
next to the queen, recording all her
wondrous deeds. The most powerful
of her adherents, Hapuseneb, acted
as vizier and high priest of Amon,
the great god. One scene depicts
her father, saying before the assem
bled court on New Year's day:
"Ye shall proclaim her word, ye
shall be united at her command. He
who shall do her homage shall live;
he who shall speak blasphemy of Her
Majesty shall die."
Although she is represented in the
sculptures in male attire, the ruins
indicate that she enjoyed great
feminine luxury. It is reasoned that
she wore masculine attire on state
occasions, and very delicate feminine
finery on social occasions. She used
her vast wealth to procure jew
elry of gold and precious stones.
In her tomb have been found
a magnificent necklace of gold
and amethysts a yard long and many
strings of gold beads, gold necklaces
and rings. There were also strings
of amulets in the form of Hathor
heads and gold hawks.
The perfume pots, the little pincers
and magnificent mirrors that lay
upon her toilet table have all been.
brought to light, proving that with
all her wonderful virile statesman
ship she was not above making her
self as attractive aB art could ac
complish. Her banquets were magnificent af
fairs, and the whole known world
must have been searched to provide
dainties and luxuries for them. In
one relief we see her servants bear
ing twenty-one different kinds of
meats. "Wines were provided In cor
responding variety and abundance,
for this early suffragette was no pro
hibitionist. Another of her great temples was
at Buhen. It was built of beautiful
sandstone, brought from Nubia,
which her followers explored. Tho
Inscriptions indicate that Hatshep
sut built this temple entirely, al
though her successor after her death
tried to steal away the credit by
writing his name on every wall. He
even removed whole blocks of stone
bearing her picture and placed his
own portrait in their stead.
The square pillars were all sculp
tured with the queen receiving the
symbol of life from the gods and
goddesses. Many of the inscriptions
are interesting, as showing the sent!-,
ments and Ideas of the great queen.
For instance:
"Oh, Horus, Lord of Buhen, may
ho grant life, prosperity, health, a
ready wit, favor and love."
"When Hatshepsut died after reign
ing twenty-one years, her miserable
brother, Thutmose ni., who had
hardly dared to show his head
while she was alive, hastened to de
face every one of her monuments,
erasing her face and name wherever
possible, and striving in every way
to steal the glory of her great and
beneficent reign.
Queen Hatshepsut was a great in
dustrial and scientific pioneer. She
carried on mines in the Sinaitic pe
ninsula, a savage region, far removed
from Egypt. In her own country she
established factories that produced
glazed ware and colored glass,
which were novelties four thousand
years ago.
One of the remarkable achieve
ments of her reign,
was the scientific
expedition which Lady's
she sent to Punt, Mummy
a country that is Case of
believed, on ac- Hatshepsut's
count of the ani- Time,
mals depicted in Showing
the temple paint- Approximate
ings, to have been Trousers
on the coast of and
Abyssinia. On the Satisfied
return of the ex Expression
i i I Jj
, l J M;
i 1 ' . ' i pi
Hatshepsut Making Offerings to the Gods. A Wall Painting Deir-el-Bahri Showing Her . X 0(
Wearing Her False Beard as 'Is Also Her Attendant. f J
plorers Theban troops went out to
meet them, and a great naval flotilla
escorted them to the steps leading to
the temple at Delr-el-Bahri.
This expedition maao collections
of the fauna and flora of Punt, in
cluding giraffes, baboons, panthers,
hippopotami and horned cattle. All
these things are shown in the reliefs
at Deir-el-Bahri. The trees collected
were planted on the lower terrace
at Deir-el-Bahri. Trenches cut in the
rock and filled with earth, which
were evidently made for this pur
pose, have been found during the
excavations.
Artists accompanied tho expedi
tion to make drawings of the strange
animals, fish and plants of the
country. In this respect Hatshepsut
established an enlightened policy
which Napoleon was the first among
modern monarchs to follow.
Later Egyptian dynasties were
very neglectful of Hatshepsut's tem
ple, perhaps because they were jeal
ous of her sex. In the course of
centuries a landslide buried part of
the site, and then in early Christian
timeB a convent was built on tho
highest terrace.
It was known in the early nine
teenth century that the temple of
Hatshepsut lay here, but through a
The Criminality of "Pot-Huntinff" 6nr SoBg Birds
iT OBINS, bluebirds, scarlet tanagers, golden
tT orioles and other decorative and singing
birds of the United States must not be shot
and made into pies!" Some such notice as this should
be substituted for the torch the statue of tho
Goddess of Liberty holds in the harbor of New York.
There are certain immigrants, especially thoso who
come from Southern Europe, who, so far as wild life is
concerned, can only be compared to a mongoose.
In the United Statos the Immigrant is an inveterate
pot-hunter in the north and the negro is but little bet
ter in the South. With the murderous automatic gun
and the habit of the negro to hunt in bands, over vast
stretches of the South annually, every living song bird
is slain. Nor do the laws suffice to protect. In eight
States robins may be shot and sold for food, in five
curious accident in modern times c
the extent of the ruins was con- -
cealed. The early French excavator , tj
Mariette, who went to work In 1858 ) n
on tho upper platform, threw the J.
earth and rubbish he dug up near g J
the spot where he worked. In tiia -
way he concealed under tons of ru .
bish much more than he revealed.
The regal chapel of Thutmose I. I
and the inner court containing an y,
Immense white altar, the finest ever w
found in Egypt, were covered up W '
him. Another French arcnaeologlst, s
Edouard Navllle, went to work here s , a
In 1893, and after years of labor aai .,
completed his task. 1 Ir
States, Including the District of Columbia blackbirds
may be baked in a pie; in North Carolina toe meadow ;v
lark is legallv a table dainty, and over half the Statea ,
permit the killing of doves for food.
More destructive still is the house cat . About three- ,
quarters of a million song birds are killed and eaten
by domestic cats in Massachusetts alone. The New
York Zoological Gardens suffered fearful losses, not ,v
only of song birds, but the neighborhood cats were seen
to catch and kill rabbits, gray squirrels . cWpmunM ,
and quail. In the open wild Me. the domestic cat soon
became a fierce and intractaolo creature, and tnrea .
States have passed laws requiring cats to be 1 Icensej, f
at the same time permitting the slaughter oi wild cag
Of all men, the farmer cannot affora to tolerate ;
existence of hunting cats, they are too .trucme to r ,
the bird life which feeds on the insects that injure m , .
crops. i; i
i n
fl ' Believe in and That Was the Hunger Strike-as TWs Wall Painting of Minions Bringing Tribute to Her
H Copyright, 1013, by tho Star Company. Great Br tain Rtffhts Reserve. J;-- jj .'