r J U UTHE
i
< THE WASHINGTON WAS INGTON HERALD SUNDAY UNDAY MAUCH ARC1t 1 1908 19O 7
b FiiMOU FAMOUS ARCHITECTS ARCHIT1CTS IN AMERICA
Daniel H Burnham of Chicago Dean pf the Corps CorpsPlans CorpsPlans CorpsPlans
Plans Not Merely Buildings but Cities CitiesHe He Is One Oneof Oneof Oneof
of the Worlds IYorlds Experts on fn the City Beautiful BeautifulCass BeautifulCassGilbert BeautifutCassGilbert Cass CassGilbert
Gilbert Famous in the West as the Architect of the theMinnesota theMinnesota theMinnesota
Minnesota Minnesota Capitol and in the East as the Architect of ofthe
the New York Customhouse CustomhauseFlagg Flagg and Others
By n DEXTER MARSHALL MARSHALLIt LtRsILLLIt
It Is sejd sct of many mon that they are at atthe atthe atthe
the head of their th lr professions rofossIons but It is istrue fs fsc s strue
c true of few One of the few Is Daniel DanielHudson
Hudson Burnham of Chicago certainly certainlyAmericas certainlyAmorfClLS certainlyAmoricaa
Americas leading architect architectusing using the thewnrd theword thewnrd
wnrd in tho Broadest brolUl6Stsonsennd sense senseand and perhaps perhapsgreater perhapsgrenter perhapsgreater
greater In his line than any other living livingman JIvingman livingman
man He does not plan buildings merely merelyhe merelyhe merelyhe
he s planning cities And An yet et he said saidnot saidnot saidnot
not so very lQpg ago In answer to a re request relUest roquest ¬
quest for some Information about the thowork tllGwork thework
work he has done doneI doner
I havent ha haent nt done much I have just justserved justsencd justserved
served on a fw commissions commissionsMr
Mr Burnhams not much includes the thetreaUon thef theration
ration f > aUon of the famed White hlte City of ofthe orth ofthe
the th Chicago Worlds Fair the majesty majestyand majestynnd majestyand
and beauty of the buildings which made madethe madethe madethe
the grpot grat exhibition an artists vision Ision of ofloveliness ofloveliness ofloveliness
loveliness were Inspired by him He Is Islooked Islooked islooked
looked upon as R the father of a business businessaccessory businessaccessQry bugtnessaccessory
accessory peculiarly American Americanthe the sky skyscraper skysiraper skysrapor ¬
scraper In a score of great cities he has hasdesigned hasdesigned hasdesigned
designed massive commercial structures structuresin
in which delicacy of outline and skeloton skelotonllke skelotofllike
like construction have been combined combinedivith combinedwith combinedwith
with enduring strength The Masonic MasonicTemple MasonicTemple lasonlcTemple
Temple and nearly all Ole other famous famousskyscrapers t famousskyscrapers mous mousskyscrApers
skyscrapers of Chicago are his work workwhile workwhile workwhile
while the Flatiron Building Is among the thebig thebig thebig
big structures In New York for which ho hofurnished hefurnished befurnished
furnished the plans plansAs plansAs plansAs
As a representative of his government governmenthe
he planned great swoops of driveways drivewaysand drivewa drivewaand drivewaysand
and harbor lines and Impressive public publicbuildings publicbuildings publicbuildings
buildings in Manila The architQctural architecturalbeauty architQcturalbeauty architQcturalbeauty
beauty of San Francisco blotted out In Inthe Inthe Inthe
the great earthquake was due to him himand himand himand
and what architectural beauty boou the new newSan newSan newSan
San Franelsco will havtf will be due al almost almost almost ¬
most solely to him also 150 Ho Is chair chairman chairman chairroan ¬
man of the commission whose plans will willeventually willeventual1y willeventually
eventually make Cleveland one of the thomost th thmost themost
most beautiful cities In the world HP HPs
s chairman of the national commission commissionwhich commissionwhleh commissionwhich
which has for its task the beautifying beautifyingof
of Washington Ynsldn ton on a scale so vast that thatthe thntthe thatthe
the improvements are estimated to cost costbetween Ostbetween < costbetween
between a a halt and threequarters of a abillion ahill abillion
billion hill ion of dollars And some of the things thingshe thingshe thingshe
he has In mind for or the beautifying be utlfyIng of his hishome hisllome hisborne
home city clt are harbors outer parks great greatboulevards greatboulevnrds greatboulevards
boulevards widened streets and uniform uniformarchitecture untronnarchitecture uniformarchitecture
architecture architecture3Inn architectureJlnn
3Inn Unii of Varied Ynrh ll Art ArtTruly ArtTrub ArtTruly
Truly a man whose hQ a art Is varied whos whosimprint whoslimprInt whosimprint <
imprint is almost indelibly shown In every everytype oer oertype everytype
type of structure that goes to make up uparchitecture uparchltecturQ upIc
Ic architecture of the present generation generationyet generationJet generationyet
yet ho himself says 3S that ho has not done donemuch donemuchonly donemuchonly
much muchonly only served on a a few few 1ev commissions commissionsSixtyone commissionsSixtyone commissionsSixtyone
Sixtyone years of age and fl d now In the theprime theprime theprime
prime of his achievement Mr Burnhams Burnhamsfriends Burnhamsfriends BurnhamSfriends
friends say and his course In life quite quitebears quitebears quitebears
bears the statement out that the greatest greatestluxury grentestluxury greatestluxury
luxury of his successful years cnrs have havebrought havebrought havebrought
brought him is the fact that ho need not notwork notwork notwork
work entirely for money It is undoubt undoubtedly undoubtedlY undoubtedly ¬
edly true that more commissions are arewaiting arewafting arewa1ting
waiting for him than wait for any other otherliving otherUvlng otherliving
living architect yet he gives a large per portion vortlon pertion ¬
tion of his time to their exclusion to tolabor tolabor tolabor
labor along spiritual lines This is his hisit hisgrpat Msgreat
great it hobby hobbto to make the great cities of I
America tnfrleft oven more beautiful b nutlful tnan uien uienEuropean their theirEuropean tneirEuropean
European rivals and when he sees s cs the themniotest theTP theremotest
remotest TP lotest possibility of furthering his hob hobby hobby bobby
by he will not allow so little a thing as a afat
fat commission to stand in the way of his hisschemes hischcmes
schemes = of beautIfication beautlficatlonWhen beautIficationWhen
When Mr Burnham works for private privateindividuals privatein
individuals in h1duals lIs Is fees are probably larger largerthfUl largertIin
than those ever paid to any other archi archlt4
trot t4 but now that ho has plenty pJcnt when whenhe
he works for the public his services are aregiven areSlVen
given gratis This is a matter of pride prldQand prideand
and principle with him He considers he heIs
Is sufficiently rewarded in seeing the city citybeautiful citybeautlul
beautiful brought a step nearer to real realIzation reallzatfon
Ization lzatfonInllc
Made Inllc World Worlds Fair Artistic Artl tlc tlcAnother
Another matter of principle with Mr MrBurnharaiis MrBurnham MrBurnhamils
Burnharaiis Burnham Is that ho will take up no work workIn
In which there could be a suspicion of orPQUUcal
political jobbery BurnhanV said one oneor
of his close friends ubas has refused many a aprofitable aprofitable
profitable commission simply because pol polItlcs polJtIcs
Itlcs controlled the undertaking You will willnot wUlnot
not find his name upon the frontal of any anygovernment an angovernment
government building in the country He Heeven Heevpn
even eschews courthouses and city halls hnllsIt
It was Burnham who almost single singlehanded singlehanded singlehanded
handed made the Chicago Worlds Fair Fl r a amemornble
memorable one architecturally architecturallyWhen nrchitectura1IVhan architecturallyWhen
When Vhan Chicago secured the fair Mr MrBurnham MrBurnham MrBurnham
Burnham was a mtfmber of the firm of ofBurnham ofBurnham
Burnham Root which was among the thefinst
first architectural firms called on to help helpbuild helpbuild
build the d White City The firm had hadgained hadgaIned
gained an enviable reputation in Chicago Chicagoand Chicagonnd Chicagoand
and Mr Burnnam was early made chief chiefof chlarof
of construction and supervising architect architector
of the exhibition Later he was given the theadditional theaddlUonal
additional power and title titi of director of ofworks
works This This was subsequent to the death deathof deothof
of his partner Mr Root Root when tho whole wholeresponsibility whole wholeIcsponslbllft wholeresponsibility
responsibility of the architectural success successot
of the fair devolved upon his shoulders shouldersWhen shouldersWhen shouldersWhen
When ho was made chief of construc construction construction
tion wise 18e men went about declaring that thatBurnham thatBurnham thatBuroham
Burnham could never get the buildings buBdlngscomDletetI buildingscompleted
completed in ftwlce twIce or thrice the time al allowed rulowed allowed ¬
lowed him When ha h became the one dl directing dlrectlng dlrecting ¬
recting hand of the work his detractors detractorswere detrActorsere detractorswere
were ere wellnigh legion and not a few in influontlal inuontlal Influentlal
fluontlal men went so far In their theIrenmity theIrenmityof tfl iPonmity iPonmityof enmlty enmltyof
of him as to throw all sorts of obstacles obstaclesIn
In his way Burnham knew all this yet yetnot yetnot et etnot
not oven ven to his closest friends did he hemak hemakp hemnk
makp mak a remark that could be construed construedinto construedInto construedInto
into a complaint or protest The only onlynotice onlynotice onlynotice
notice he was was over known to take of the thedoubters thedvubters thedcubters
doubters and the opposition was embraced embracedin
in a simple declaration which he was wasoxprheard wasowrheard wasoverheard
overheard to male to himself ond day as ashe s shE itshe
he stood surveying surve lng the halffinished build buildings bundIngs buildlngs ¬
ings of the fair fairBy falrBy fairy
By y heavens Ive undertaken to build buildthis bundthis buildthis
this fair and Im going to do it itBounty It ItDennb ItBeauty
Bounty I b ii Apparent ApparentWith AppnrentrUh ApparentWith
With rUh the Whlto City at last completed completedand complotedftd completed3nd
and its beauty beAut apparent to every everyone one Mr MrBurnhams MrBurnham3 MrBurnhams
Burnhams detractors raised the cry that thatthe thntthe thatthe
the result r 5ult was as not duo to him but to the theplans theplans theplans
plans of his dead partner which he had hadsimply hadslmvl hadsimply
simply slmvl followed Again there was no pub public public public ¬
lic statement by Mr Burnham but to tcevery toeveryone toevcry
every everyone one who talked with him about aboutthe aboutthe aboutthe
the architectural side of the fair he free freely freely freely ¬
ly gave a large portion of the credit to toMr toMr toMr
Mr Root One of his strongest charac characteristics characteristics characteristics ¬
teristics is to take no notice of cavilers caviiersWhen cavUersWhen cavilersWhen
When ho feels that he is right no amount amountof amountIt amountof
of adverse criticism no matter how sting ¬
ing can move him himHis himHis himHis
His Worlds orids Fair work revealed his eye
for beauty beaut on a grand scale his wonder wonderful wonderful wonderf ¬
ful f executive ability and his shrewdness shrewdnessIn
In surrounding himself with a corps of ofarchitects ofarchitects ofarchitects
architects recognized as loaders of their theirprofession theirprofession theirprofession
profession In this country His architec architectural architectural architectural ¬
tural daring was
shown when
some someyears someears someyears
years ears previously he h became tho father fathersocalled fathersocal1ed fathersocalled
socalled of the skyscraper skyscraperFather skscraperFather skyscraperFather
Father of the Skyscraper SkyscraperThe
The late W V L B Jenny of Chicago Chicagohad Chicagohad Chicagohad
had erected an office oflce building in Chicago Chicagoon
on plans approximating the modern skele skeleton skeletOn skeleton ¬
ton construction to the extent that
some someof someof someof
of the walls were carried on iron beams beamsA beamsA beamsA
A year or so later the Idea was carried carrieda
a little litt1 further in the Tacoma Building
in the same city An architect noted for
his progressive ideas from the time he hebegan hebegan hebegan
began to practice his profession when he liewas hewas hewas
was given in 1889 tho commission for the theRandMcNaily theRandMcNallY theRandMcNally
RandMcNallY Building Mr Burnham Burnhamdared Burnhamdared Burnhamlared
j i dared to take the step that brought the theskyscraper theskyscraper theskyscraper
skyscraper Into being beinghe he used a steel steelframe steeltmme steelframe
frame throughout carrying the walls for toreuch foreach
each story separately on beams thus do doing doIng dolog ¬
ing away nwn entirely with the necessity necesslt for forheavy forheaY forheavy
heavy masonry support at the base baseI baseThis baseThis
I This was a veritable revolution In the thebuilding thebuilding
1 building world The enormous enoTI1ous thickness thicknessof
of walls hitherto considered necessary in inthe Inthe Inthe
the construction of taIl buildings bundln s with withattending withnttending withattending
attending contraction of valuable space spacehad spacehad spacehad
had long been a serious problem with withproperty withpropert withproperty
property owners Thon too too immense immensecost hnmens8cost Immensecost
cost of stone and tho slowness of erection erectionhad erectionhad erectionhad
had retarded building 1x Udlng operations in every everygreat everygrent everygreat
great city ctt But here was a building buildinggoing buildinggoing buildinggoing
going up with a a dead d Qd wall area one oneeishth oneeighth oneeighth
eighth that of the tall building preceding precedingIt
It and the cost was to be less than hair hairas halIas haltas
as much If erected under the old way waySmall wa waSmall waySmall
Small wonder that Mr Burnhpms ex experiment oxperiment
periment was watched with the Keenest Keenestinterest keonestInterest keenestInterest
interest by architects throughout Amer America AmerIca Amerion ¬
ica and Europe TJiore Thore were numerous numerousI numerouspredictions numerouspredictions
I predictions of course that the building buildingwould buildingwould buildingwould
would collapse and not all of them were weremade weremado weremade
made by b laymen In men gaping upward In as astonishment astonIshment astonishment ¬
tonishment at the skeleton frame and andthe andthe andthe
the walls being stuck on here and there therein thereIn therein
in apparent haphazard fashion and andWithout andvlthout andWithout
Without apparent moans of support In Indeed Indeed Indeed ¬
deed months after the building was oc occupied occupled occupled ¬
cupled architects from all over the coun country country country ¬
try traveled to Chicago especially to in inspect inspect inspect ¬
spect It and Incidentally to marvol at its itsfailure Itsfailure itsfailure
failure to crumble into twisted beams beamsand bOlrnsand beamsand
and shattered masonry masonryMany masonry3ktii
Many 3ktii 11 Beautiful Building BuildingThe nuUdln nuUdlnThe BuildingsThe
The Masonic Temple which does not notrevolve notrevolve
revolve at high noon on its axis is despite
DANIEL HUDSON BUIUVIIAM BUIUVIIAMBuilder DLR II11 II11BuDder
Builder of dUos as a well w 11l ll as buildingassertions buiJdillltlas building
t assertions as a crtlons to the contrary the Rookery Rookerythe Rookerythe
the t he Monadnock the Womans Temple Templethe Templethe
the t he Railway Exchange ExchRngethe3o these are but a afew afow
i few t ow of the many buildings which have havemade hnomade havemade
1 made Chicago famous architecturally architecturallythat archftecturall archftecturallthat
1 that t hat are the handiwork of Mr Burnham BurnhamCleveland BurnhamCleveland Burnhamleveland
Cleveland C < Philadelphia San Francisco Franciscoand Frnnclscoand
and a nd New York are some of the other otherlarge otherlarge
1 large arge cities that number Burnham sky skyscrapers skyscrnpers skycrapers ¬
scrapers s among their noted ones In Inbrief 1nbrief
brief b rief nearly every city of the first and andsecond andsocond
second s class In this country can boast of oftowering oftowering
towering t specimens of Burnham
architecture arcldteoture archi arehieoture ¬
j tecture teotureHe t tectureHe eotureHe
He has been bCen the the father of more famous famousskyscrapers famousskyscrapers famouskyscrapers
s skyscrapers s than any other architect architectAnd architectAnd
j And yet from his point of view he hasnt hasntdono hlsntdone hasntone
f done d one much His friends trle ds say that he will willprobably w111probably willrobably
probably p go to his grave set In the belief beliefthat belterthat
that t hat he hasnt done much unless he can canbe cnnb
be b e assured beforehand that his plans for forbeautiful torbeautiful foreautiful
beautiful b Cleveland or beautiful Chicago Chicagoor
or o r beautiful Washington or beautiful beautifulSan boouttrulSan beautifulan
San S an Francisco will ultimately be carried carrcdto carriedto
j to t o completion in whole or large part par So Sowrapped Sowrapped Sowrapped
wrapped up is he in the idea of the city cityeautiful
j beautiful b that It Is the one subject on onwhich enwhich n nwhich
which ho will talk to any great extent extentwith extent1t11 extentwith
with 1t11 a stranger or an acquaintance Of Oflate orlate Ofate
late l ate years he has spent a good sized for fortune fortune forune ¬
t tune t une studying the cities of Europe famed famedfor tamedI famedor
for f or their beauty boout and in collecting data dataon dataon datan
I on o < n his favorite subject He is beyond beyondpreadventure beyondproodventure L Lproadventure
preadventure of a doubt the countrys countrysleading countrySleatIlng countryseading
leading l authority authorft on the city beautiful beautifuland beautifuland beautifulnd
j and a nd his collection of data cannot be beequaled beequa1ed hequaled
equaled e < in this country or abroad His Hisfellowmembers Hisfetlowmombers Hisellowmembers
i fellowmembers f of the national commis commission commission commislon ¬
sion s lon for beautifying Washington freely freelyadmit freelyadmit freelyadmit
admit < that his was tho master mind In Inthe 1nthe Inhe
i the t he preparation of the plans which if ifcarried itcarried ifcarried
carried < out will make Washington a city cityof cityor cityof
i of greater beauty even than Paris ParisThese ParisThcs ParisThese
These plans Yere were much written up in the thenewspapers thenewspapers thenewspapers
i newspapers about four years ago agoFailed agonnl agoFnIIil
Failed nnl to Get Information InformationWhenever IDformntlon IDformntlonWhenever InformationWhenever
Whenever any anyone one has the temerity to tomention tomention tomention
mention to Mr Burnham that he may mayhave mayhtwe mayhave
have a a personality other than that of a aboss a aboss aboss
boss architect he shies like a scared colt coltA
A Chicago interviewer once called on him
by appointment Mr Burnham answered answeredpolitely answeredpolitely answeredpolitely
politely enough all queries put to him ro regarding rogardlng rogarding ¬
garding architecture Then the Inter Interviewer Interviewer Interviewer ¬
viewer worked the old gag of asking a klng him himwho himwho himwho
who some of his friends were Burnhamlooked Burnham
looked the caller in jibe he eye and said ac accusingly accuslnglY accusingly ¬
cusingly cusinglyYou cuslnglYYou cusinglyYou
You are after funny stories arent arentyou arentyou arentyou
you youTho
Tho other didnt answer answerI
I havent any friends who ho will tell you youany youany youany
any he declared and rising bowed the theother theother theother
other out outOne outOne outOne
One of ot the man mans dominating traits is
his wish to be taken seriously and to
this end he had succeeded admirably ndmlrnbl In
hiding his strictly personal side behind
his professional one oneTo oneTo oneTo
To those who have met all three Mr
Burnham BU hnm at first sight inevitably
ge gests ts > two other icr notable nO 1ble men In lines not not
far divergent from his own One of these thesewas thesewas thesewas
was Stanford White the other Is that thatpoet thatpoet thatpoet
poet novelist architect engineer whose whosegenius whosegenJus whosegenius
genius is equally at home when he sits
before his easel with his water color
brushes poised when he stands upon the therocks therocks therocks
rocks of famous Diamond Shoal directing
the construction of the most difficult
lighthouse on the American coast and andwhen andwhen andwhen
when he sits In silent study stud pen In i hand handproducing handproducing handproducing
producing notable works of fiction fictionF F
Hopkinson Smith The men can scarcely
be said to resemble one another facially
but the resemblance is at once apparent
Both not Stanford White and F Hopkinson
Smith came instantly to my mind when
I entered Mr Burnhams office and saw
him for the first time timeDeclines timeDecllncs timeDeclines
Declines to Talk of Himself HimselfMr IllmseliMr UumnneI4 UumnneI4Mr
Mr Burnhams voice is pleasant and andreverberant andreverberant andreverberant
reverberant as Is Smiths and as was wasWhites wasWhitcs wasWhites
Whites he has a habit of the other two twoin twoin twoin
in studying habitually some small object objecton
on his table as be talks like both other othermen othermen othermen
men he Is very loath to speak about him himself hlm hlmself hintself ¬
self It Is conceivable that Hopkinson
I
CASE GILBERT ERNEST FLAGG PLAGGArchitect FLAGGArchitect FLAGGArchitect
Architect of the Minnesota cajntol lI which bo con Hater of tkyacrapers and nd architect of the SInger Slasnrelder SIngersidt
elder sidt Ma best work building tho worida world tallest office atnianre
j Smith might tell a good story on himself himselfeven himselfeven himselfeven
even to a stranger StanfTd White would wouldhave wouldhave
have been almost sure to do It It Daniel DanielHudson DanielHudson DanielHudson
Hudson Burnham is quite Incapable of it itIf itIt it itIf
If his surroundings are to judge him he heIs heIs hois
Is simpler in his tastes than either White Whiteor
or Smith His offices in the Railway Ex Exchange ExohanSG Exchange ¬
change Building Build InS one of his late skyscrap
ing children are purely business hand handsome handsome bandsome ¬
some enough but severely plain Smiths Smithsare Smith Smithnre Smithsare
are more elaborate Whites were ole elegant olegant olegant ¬
gant luxurious Burnhams office win windows windows windows ¬
dows command a splendid view of Lake LakeMichigan LaJteUchlgftu LakeMichigan
Michigan it is one of hie ht delights to have havea
a few te minutes of spare sJ re time to gaO out outover outover outover
over the panorama of water and study stud it itwith Itwith Itwith
with the eye of an artist He frequently treQuentJ treQuentJbecomes
becomes absorbed absorbed as deeply In this pleas pleasure pleasure pleasure ¬
ure as he does In his other still more de delightful delightful dolightful ¬
lightful recreation of planning cities citiesbeautiful clUesbeautiful citiesbeautiful
beautiful beautifulBorn beautifulBorn beautifulBorn
Born in 1S4G Burnham Is eight years yearsyounger 3onrsyounger yearsyounger
younger than Smith A native of New NewYork NewYork NewYork
York he was taken to Chicago by his hisparents Illsparents hisparents
parents when ho was ten years oars old He Hereceived Hereceived liereceived
received his preparatory education there thereAfter tbereAfter thereAfter
After getting his collegiate and technical technicaleducation tecbnlcaleducation technicaleducation
education in the East he returned to Chi Chicago Cblcago Cliicago ¬
cago and began the practice of big pro profession profession profession ¬
fession Ho was burned out in the tire tireYou 1treYou fireYou
You already know how he has helped to tobuild tobul1d tobuild
build the new Chicago and 00 to him Chi Chicago Chlcngo Chicago ¬
cago is the choicest spot on Gods foot footstool footstool footstool ¬
stool stoolMr stoollr stoolMr
Mr lr Burnham is more than medium in inheight Inheight inheight
height gently inclined toward portliness portlinesswith porUlneswith portlinesawith
with a complexion bright and clear as a aboys aboys aboys
boys and hair and heavy mustache in inwhich Inwhich inwhich
which gray has not by any means en entirely entirely entirely ¬
tirely overcome the natural brown brownCna brnftI brnvnCass
I Cna Cass Gilbert Capitol Builder BuilderCass DoUlIerI BuilderCass
I Cass Gilbert famous In the Northwest Northwestas
I
as the architect of the Minnesota capitol capltoland capitoland capitoland
and In New York as the architect of the thenew t tnew th thnew
new custom house has felt the hardships hardshipsthat bardsbipsthnt hardsbipathat
that come from rom lack of money some something somethIng something ¬
thing that Mr Burnham whose father fatherwas fatherwas fatherwas
was fairly wealthy woalth has never experi wperterlced axperlembed experierioed
embed erioedPerhaps erlcedPerhaps embedPerhaps
Perhaps Ills leanest days came to him himwhen himwhen himwhen
when he was studying abroad and aDdhis paying
his way with work While he was in inLondon InLondon inLondon
London ho engaged in newspaper worK to toget toget toget
get his hi daily daf1 bread and truth to tell he hemade bemade hemade
made such a poor newsgtuherer that he hewas hewas liewas
was often compelled to subsist on one onemeal onemeal onemeal
meal a day and that not a very ery satisfy satisfyng ¬
ing i ng one at times He and a companion companionike
like l ike himself n newspaper worker often oftenessened
lr lessened l the importunities of hunger by byremaining byremnJnlnG byemaining
remaining r in bed most mo t of the day
Before going goln abroad d be b had been a stu stuent ¬
dent d ent of architecture at the Massachu Massachusetts Mehu5etts Msaehuetts ¬
setts s etts Institute of Technology where he head
had h ad won various prizes in scholarship
One day while he was wandering about aboutthe aboutthe abouthe
the t he London streets and wondering where
his next meal was to come from he fell fellin fellIn felln
in i n with other former studehts of his col eeloge ¬
lege l oge They soon made themselves ac acquainted acqunlnted acquainted ¬
quainted with Gilberts GUbort state Through Throughtheir Throughtheir
their t influence be gave up the London Londonstruggle Londonstruggle Londontruggle
struggle s returned to America and knd nd se secured secured seured ¬
cured c ured employment with MeKim MeadAvhltft lI Mead Mendhite d dhila
Avhltft AvhltftSome hila hilaSome hiteSome
Some years later when that firm se secured secured socured ¬
cured tho contract for or constructing all allthe allthe L Lime
the t ime stations 5tatl ns and other buildings of im importance importance iraportance ¬
portance on the Northern Pacific Rail Railroad Pallroad Railroad
road Gilbert had risen so high in the es estimation estimntlon esimation ¬
timation t of his employers cmvlo ns that he was wassent wassent wasent
sent s ent West to handle l ndle all this U work under
Honry Vlllard who ha bad < J obtained control controlof controlor I Iof
of the road Everything looked resy
Gilbert was In the seventh heaven or fast fastnearing fastnearing fastnearing
nearing It when Villard fell r lI from power powertho powertitO powettic
tic Northern Pacific < passed into the i
hands of receivers and iae ie architect architectstranded arc architectstranded itoct itoctstrnnded
stranded In St St Paul was left to his own I
devices
Works Vork JIb Way Vn Up UpIt VI VIIt U UIt
It turned out all right in the end Being Beinga Boinglittle
a little shy of money and also because becausehis becaulehis becaumThis
his widowed mother was living in St StPaul St StPnul StPaul
Paul Gilbert decided to open up an office officein omcein I Iin
in that city elt Three years later consist
I l r fi I ICURISTOPHER
CURISTOPHER GRANT RA T LA FARGEArchitect FARGEArchitect FARGE FARCEArchitect
Architect of the Cathedral of St St John the Divine Divineent D1Tlnecnt firmsent
ent hard plugging had made him one of ofthe orthe ofthe
the citys leading architects That was wasin wasin wasin
in 1SS5 lSS when he formed a partnership partnershipwith partnershipwith partnershipwith
with James Knox Taylor now Supervis Supervising SupervIsIng Supervislng ¬
ing Architect of the Treasury Depart Department Depnrtment Departmeat ¬
ment Quite a few years later when his hisplan hisplnn hisplan
plan for the capitol of Minnesota was ac accepted accCDted accepted ¬
cepted Mr Gilbert had cause to thank thankhis tltnnkhis tIankh1
his h1 star fervently that on a day way
back In the early SOs he had been beenstranded beenstranded beenstranded
stranded In the city of his boyhood his hisparents hisparents hisparents
parents when he was five having moved movedto movedto movedto
to St St Paul from Ohio rhere here he was wasborn wasborn wasborn
born St Paul Is full of Gilberts Gilberts work workjust workjust
just as Chicago is of Burnttams BurnttamsWhen Burnl1amsVhen BurnilamsWhen
When Gilbert went Into partnership partnershipWith partnershlvwith partnershipwith
With James Knox Taylor the latter was wasthe wasthe wasthe
the big man of the firm nr A few few years yearslater yearsInter yearslater
later It was really the other way about aboutthough aboutthough aboutthough
though Taylor was still looked upon by
laymen as the brains of the combination
According to a story of wide circulation
In St St Paul Gilbert stood for being the
second man for some months then one oneday onedny oneday
day ho went to Taylor and in the friend friendliest frlendUest ¬
liest h ost spirit actually talked him into the thebelief thebelief
belief that he was the one to leave the thefirm thefinn thefirm
firm At any rate the partnership was wasdissolved wasdissolved wasdissolved
dissolved by Taylor pulling out This Thisoccurred Thisoccurred Thisoccurred
occurred in 1S01 quite some time before beforeGilbert bororeGllbort
Gilbert received the commission to beforeL build buildtho buildthe buildthe L
the New York customhouse recently recentlyoccupied recentloccupied
occupied by b the government governmentIn 1
In certain quarters the opinion has been beenhold beenhold I Ihold
hold that Gilbert got the big job because becauseho bocauseho 1 1ho
ho and Taylor were still partners at the thetime thetime m mtime
time it was handed out out As a matter of offact offact 01 01fact
fact Gilbert had no thought of entering enteringdesign OfttorlngdeslJm entorIn entorIna
a design In the competition for tho cus customhouse customhouse customhouse ¬
tomhouse until he was urged to do so soby 80by et etby
by the Boston capitalist for whom he heplanned henlanned h I Iplanned
planned the famous New York skyscrap skyscraper sk CI1lP CI1lPer ¬
er known as the Broadway Chambers ChambersThen ChambersThon ChambersThen
Then ho turned out his design de lgn under high highpressure highprcssuro hlg I Ipressure
pressure partly because other work was waspressing waspressIng I Ipressing
pressing and partly because he bellaves bellavesthat beJlfIcstbnt I Ithat
that he doos his best work when so sokeyed sokeyed sc sckeyed
keyed up
Is I a Rapid Worlrer WorlrerGilberts VorkerGllberts orker orkerGilberts
Gilberts first training In his profession professionwas proosor I Iwas
was acquired several years before lie liewent bewent hi
hiI
went to tocolinge college when be helped 1lol d to build buildI I
I a a church at Rod Wing Minn under the theeye theeye i ieye
eye of one Radcliff a curious curio character characterwho characterwho characterwho
who combined the callings of architect architectand architectand architectand
and patent medicine seller RadcUff was wasfprever Vooaatpreftr waifprevr
fprever preaching attention to the slight slightest altgbteat aUghteat ¬
eat detail and practicing his preaching preachingtoo 1rOllcblnttoo
too Gilbert has been known to throw throwever tbrowonr throiever
ever remunerative prospective pectte buelaess buelaessthat buslleEthat businosithat
that he might havp time to look after the thedetails Utedetall th thdetails
details of work in hand He is a phe phenomenally phnomenally ph phnornanally ¬
nomenally rapid rvl worker worke were it not n for forthis forthi fei feithis
this thi fact he would wul be compelled cmpole doubt doubtless dobt doubtless ¬
less 1 to leave loQ the oversight overgbt of detail detn to toassistants t ti tiassistants
assistants 1 Itat as other oter WK bG men of bis biscalling bbcaling hI 5 5calling
calling caling do doGilbert doGibrt doGilbert
Gilbert Gibrt hns h15 a rsmarkabla remarJo memory 91l Let Lethim Let La t thini
him catoh ct a 8 floating toeUng glimpse gUmp from a rail railroad ml mlrd railroati ¬
road rd train tlln of f a building buidig with 1th some Se nov novelty DV DVelty novelty ¬
elty of construction and u days ds later I ha hacan Is Iscan
can en reproduce NPrduce it true tr to life Ife IB a a sketch sketchor sth sthr Sketcior
or r water colors in which whh he is I 1 fond fJ of ofworking otorg a aworking
working org He has bs found foun this thl power pwer of ofmemory ofmemor e f fmemory
memory memor of such great lrt help to t him Jal that tht he hedrills Is Isdrills
drills dl his hi assistants aaAts lztants with wit Uto t4 tl persistence persistenceof pCt6e pCt6eo i iof
of o an oldtime otm schoolmaster bom ter in 1 th th the same samemethods amemet aani S Smethods
methods met of quick qlk comprehension empfeen and an re retentiveiiess reAs
tentiveiiess tentiveiiessAs tenUn tenUns
As s a devotee dCttH of the th sport spr made mde famous famousby 11 5 5by
by Izuak IZk Walton alton Mr Gilbert Giber has whipped whippedmany c hippe I Imany
many mn a a stream strem in th the Northwest NerUwot When Whenho Wheiho F
ho h was ws a resident reient of St St Paul he also AIS got gotfrom gotfrm go t tfrom
from frm under uael business bune cares Cre by b helping helpng to torow t ti S Srow
row rw the shells sbell of the Ue Minnesota Um s Boat BoatClub Bt BtCub Boa t tClub
Club Cub to victory He has bs a great repute reputation rOt reputetion ¬
tion tn in St Paul for sociability 51011 which whih hs hshas D8bu li a ahas
has not dimmed as A J resident rent of New NewYork N Ne e eYork I IYork
York He delights delght in the company Cmp of art artists ar artists ¬
ists Jst sculptors musicians muscn and the th like likeand Ukea likeand
and a his hi friends fronds say 3 that he ever stands standsready sts stsTdy S Sreedy
ready Tdy to t assist any a such deserving deering it It By Byway B Bway ir irway
way of Illustration Uutaton they the tell the th story stor of ofa orB o C Ca
a B young yung Norwegian Norwalan sculptor slpor who wh pen penniless p pennlleo ¬
niless nl6 nlleo and stricken strke with wih consumption cnumpion in inMinneapolis InnnopUs L a aMinneapolis
Minneapolis nnopUs longed to see se his 1 old home homeagain homeagIn hm e eagain
again agIn before befor he died died Gilbert Glbt havipg bvrc ac accidentally accldn accidentally ¬
cidentally cldn 11h become bme acquanted fcquanted with wlt the thesufferer thesurerer tim S Ssufferer
sufferer surerer and incidentally incldontal learning lering o of his hiswish hi hi S Swish
wish wish promptly prompty supplied suppld the t necessary necessaryfunds net necesaat necesaatfunds
funds for the voyage home homeJinildH heme homeflnhiIN
JinildH Jh1llH Skyscraper Sk lCrlCrJlnteo Hutu Ifatee Them TlicmSmall Tem TemSmal ThemSmall
Small Smal and an stooped stoped with Jt an oxtremely oxtremelyprominent otrcely otrcelyprominent oxtremei ir irprominent
prominent forehead forehOd a B clean clen shaven shv face faceprematurely faceprematurely faceprematurely
prematurely gray gJ hair the chin of a adoer ador adoer
doer dor and an the eyes of a n dreamer dreaert dreamerthe this i iErnest i a aErnest
Ernest Eret Flamr Flatg hater of the tb skyscraper sk lpr and andyet andet an anyet
yet et the 08 father of the Singer Building Bulding tho tholoftiest tholofe tim a aloftiest
day loftiest lofe t business busInes building buldln in the world wrJd to today todaJ I Iday ¬
dayFifteen daJ
Fifteen Fltten years ers ago Flagg was ws writing writingvigorously writng writngvigorously writin g gvigorously
vigorously against aginst the skyscraper and do doIng doIng I Irng
Ing all al else in his power to arrest II5t the thetrend te tetn th 0 0trend
trend tn toward t wnrd it it Today he Is just as bit bitter bitter bitter ¬
ter an enemy as ever or the te tail tl building bDing
though he builds buids it I on demand and will willlet wU wE 11 11lot
let business busins go hang for hours hour to t inveigh inveighagainst Inveighaginst Ii Iiagainst
against aginst it itOne ItOne it itOne
One of his pet contentions is that there timer 0
should be a law ro restricting trlcting the height ot ota c if ifa
a building buiding to one and a half hnl times tmes the thewidth thewidth th e ewidth
width of the street on which whih it i is I erected erectedWhere ercte I IWhere
Where her skyscrapers sl yscrvt are ar permitted pnlte he be believes beleves be beIleves ¬
lieves leves there should be a law regulating reglatng regulntin g
the te height to which the building bun in proper propermay propermay propo r rmay
may rise and the tower towel should shuld not be beallowed bealowed t le
allowed alowed to cover more than onefourth onefourththe onefourththe h hthe
the ground gund space occupied by the buildr buildrIng buid buidIng bulk t ting
Ing Only in this way he declares
deolar can cana en ena en n na
a city Ilty of skyscrapers skyscr perg be protected teem a awidespread awidespread U Uwidespread
widespread conflagration confiagrton for he holds holdsthat holdsthat hold 5 5that
that the average aver e skyscraper skJscrper once It I gets getsafire getsafire gel s safire
afire will wJ burn bur more rapidly rpidly than the thenonskyscraper thenonskscraper tli I0 I0nonskyscraper
nonskyscraper nonskscraper because when all al is said saidand saidand sal d dand
and done there Is much more wood in a askyscraper nskrscraper askyscraper
skyscraper what with the enormous enormousquantity enormousquantity IS ISquantity
quantity of trim trm floors toors furniture fc fcCreator h t
Creator Cretor of the new Annapolis Anapols Mr M lr r
Flagg Fagg says 8Js that such sch work where one on to
has ha room to plan approaches would be bea bea t mc mca
a pleasure I if folk would only leave a fel fe I ¬
low alone alone From nil al of which it may be begathered begathere I e egathere
gathered gathere l that he is a man of determined determinedIdeas detetlned detetlnedIdea d dIdeas
Ideas Idea and is not afraid to express them themEducted themEducated
Educated Educted in this country and ard at the theI tI 10
I Ecole des Beaux Arts As where wher so many man y
Yankee architects nrchitect have been bee trained trined Mr M r
Flagg has never been ben in a a firm fr he has hasalways hasalwys hr is isalways
always alwys worked by himself Though he I iC
has more business than ho can en handle handlewith handlewih hand to towith
with wih comfort and the tJc assistance oslstanc of a n
large staff stt he Is still stil the student and an d
he Is happiest perhaps when he Is deep dee p
in some complex French or German Germa a
treatise on architecture nrhlecture He devotes devote his h is
time tme to and andtrom from his offlcs otc to such read sew I
Ing and practically practcaly all his evenings cyenlng are an 0
likewise lkewise occupied Once In a great greatwhile greatwhie gren it itwhile
while whie when Mrs rs Flagg gets him hi out to tosome tosome I 0 0some
some social function Cuncton he spends the great greater greatei grea t ter ¬
er ei part par of the te evening with his eyes fixed fixedon fxed fxedon fine d don
on a wall wal apparently seeing things thingsarchitectural thing thingiarchitectural
architectural architecturl Though ho has plenty of ofmoney otmoney 1 f fmoney
money which he has never worked espe especially espe cap 5 5daIly ¬
daIly to acquire he leads lcds the simple simp e
life on Stten Staten Island Islnn he Is thoroughly ly
content to let the ornate orate be in his work workalone won k
alone
aloneJII
JII Hi Specialty Slecinly Is Churches ChnrchesChristopher Chareh CharehChritoPher ChurchesChristopher
Christopher ChritoPher Grant La L Farge Far with wih his hisclassmate J ii La Laclassmate
classmate classnto at Massachusetts Massachusett Tech the thelate thelnte ti i8 i8Into
late George G orSe L Reins joint creator crator of the theplans theplans ti e eplans
plans for the famous Cathedral Cthedrl of St S t
John the Divine Divne now being erected In
New York City Ciy Is an example of a fa famous fa fi a amous ¬
mous mans son S0 who has secured fame of D
his own making m mai Ing His father Is John ohn La La I a
Farge known on two continents contnents as a a apainter apainter apainter
painter a worker worker in stained 5tarne glass glss an anart anart g in inIt
art critic crtic ajid and nd an art ar collector cOlctor Forty Fort Fortsix It
six In ir January Jahuar Jahuar Grant Grnt la L Farge looks lool s
like lte a n young young man of twentytwo tent two or so a 0
his youthful youthul appearance appece has b often otttI ottc caused cWec caust d
persons pe ons to i wonder how he came came to t be b in intrusted Intrusted intrusted ¬
trusted with the work work of planning plantng and anddirecting nnddirectng anddirecting
directing directng the construction constructon of the great greatcathedral Jet Jetcthedrl greatcathedral
cathedral cthedrl His Il speciality BpeclaUt Is churches churchesand churchesand churchesand
and In this line lne he is considered c cbnsldered nsldered one of ofthe otte ofthe
the te countrys counts foremost authorities authoritiesOf authorites authoritesor
Of course among the topnotchers topnotchers of ofthe ofthe ofthe
the countrys countys architects archiect are rc Charles CharlesFollen CharlesFollen CharlesFallen
Follen McKiro McKm associated usociate with wih Daniel DanielBurnham DanielBurnham DanielBuenham
Burnham on the Washington Vahlngon beautifying beautifyingcommittee beutfying beutfyingcommitee beautifyingcommittee
committee commitee and William Vfa Rutherford Rutherord Mead Meadpartners Med Medpaers Meadpartners
partners paers since 1877 18 and whose work Is Istoo Istoo Istoo
too well known to need any mention menton here hereSuffice hee heeSufce hereSuffIce
Suffice Sufce it i to say that Gilbert Giber is only one oneof oneof oneof
of the te wellknown welknown architects arhIccts of today todaywho todaywho todaywho
who were trained under them among amongothers amongothers
others are John M Carrere Carre and Thomas ThomasHastInis
Hastings H2tn whose plans for the new York YorkPublc
Public Publc TLlbrary Abrary brary Building won out over the thefiood
flood of 0 gthers other tberz submitted submfted submftedThou
Though Thou 1 he has ha not been ben heard her of much muchoutside muchoutide
outside outide the profession In it I E L L Mas Masqueray Masquem
queray quem who as a supervising architect archiet archietW3
was W3 responsible for the architectural archietural archieturalbeautyot architecturalbeauty
beauty beautyot of the St Louis Luis Worlds HiI BWr Is 18rgrded
regarded rgrded as a 3 newly risen rsen leader Of all allthe
the architects architeot here mentioned mentoned he is the theonly theonly
only one not of American Americn parentage vaentage he hehimself hehimsel
himself himsel says says that he is l an al American AmerIcn by byway byway
way of France Frnce and ad his tongue backs backsup
up his statement Like Like the average averagearchitect averaseachiect
architect achiect he Is Ismuch ismuch much averse to talking tlking tlkingabut talkingabout
about abut himself himsel but will wU go to infinite Infnie pains pans pansto
to explain some detail deti of architecture archiecture in inwhich Inwhlch
which whlch his bl visitor may my show Interest Interot InterotTo
To sink their personalities pernaUtie in their work workseems worksems
sems seems to be a ii trait trt common emSon to all al the theCountrys thelountrys
Countrys lountrys really renly big architects archiect of imagine
tion ton In the field fiel today tody the to men me who are
tccture making America Americ famous lmous for its Is3rchl Is3rchltrcture archi arch archtecture
trctureCPj Copyright CPj 1903 19 l by Dexter Deter Martian MartianENGLANDS IaI n nEGLS
ENGLANDS EGLS GREAT SEAL SEA SEAInJ
Many InJ Precaution pee utn Taken to Ir PrCTcnt PrCTcntbrft Tcnt TcntTheft
Theft brft or Injury InjuryFron InJur InJurk
From k Chemises 1b Jonnul JonnulTha JoaruelTime
The seal sol consists cnsists of a largo mass mas of ofsterling orsterlng 01terling
sterling sterlng s silver stvor measuring meaurJng about 6 6Inches 6Inches 61
Inches i in diameter diametr by 1 inches Inche in indepth Indepth I
depth or thickness It I Is In two parts partsboth put
both smooth on the outer side but butelaborately butelabortely
elaborately elabortely engraved engravo within wihin wihinThe withinThe
The two surface surfac are are Impressed Impr 6ed np
on O a lump of ot wax a attached attcbed in an I
ingenious ingenlou i way to any document doument to towblcb te I
which his majesty maJot as a sovereign soerelg gives I
his Is
royal assent aS6t aS6tThe
The weight of the Uo seal sel Is I 1S5 18 ounces ounco
and Is valued in metal metl about 150 10 I
Each seal is engraved cngrel during the reign reIgnof t
of the sovereign sOQolgn whose whe name nme it i boars bors borsad
and the collection
ad clotun presents pr ent a curious I
and accurate a curte epitome epiome of English his hlstr
tory tr
All U loriji lorI or chancellors conOQer have ae taken tken the S
te tegletet
greatest gletet care Cro of the seals 80ls in their theircharge ther therchrge thou r
charge chrge and have contrived catriv recesses S
amid elaborate elab rate devices delc for their safe I
custody custodyOne cutody cutodyaDO custodyOne sae saecutody
One of thorn in the reign of Charles 3
II I actually Actuly slept with wih the Ua seal S1 under uDderIds I
his pillow plow and 4 by this precaution prcutn prcutnsn I
saved it from theives who one t
sn i thele night nightbroke nlJht nlJhtbroke nigh
broke Into his house bout and a carried crrie eft eftthe t
the th mace belonging to the House Hous Of 0 r
Lords and other otb r valuable property propertyMEXICANS
MEXICANS CARRY CASH ABOUT ABODfEven ABOUTEven ABOU 1
Even the Indians Idan Have Hve a large largeAmount lrge lrgeAount
Amount Aount of Money with wt Them ThemEasier ThemEnle
Easier Enle to to Pat Thron Tlroatb Through U a aUnsincm Bnnlnca BnnlncaDeal DUIJnC51 0
Deal Because lccnulc Checks Are AreAot re reot
Aot ot Popular PopularAlmost PopularAJ PopularAlmost
Almost AJ any ay Mexican Meln in professional p or orbtt orbN a r rbuIae
btt bN buIae inSB life 1e carries e on O e his ht person Dr any anywhere a3we ahy ¬
we where between btwen M and am SH Bvan Ee yea the thepoor th thpoor
poor pr Indian Indn in his h blanket baket can c ea more m mor than ta ta1oy thai I
likely 1oy produce pu more mr than tan many may foreign foreigners forageI eS ¬
ers el The Te ordinary orinr Mexloftn Me profe8Hwl profe8Hwlman piOe86lnntman profeesluneman I
man will be found to carry sums of ofmoney Qmont it itniouey
money > on his person rSOft that wovM surprise surprisethe 0 0the
the ordinary > traVdldr Ua lor and even cause Mm Mmworry MmworlJ his mm
worry were be forced to carry it wkh wkhhim whhhim wie it ithim
him yet the Mexican never even thinks thinksof S
of ofit ofitIt it itIt ItIt
It was but a few days dy ago that an in instance Instance I IstAses ¬
stance of this kind was brought to at attention attentton ¬
tention says 8 S the Mexican Herald One OneMexican Oni1eiICfn On 0 0Mexican
Mexican of the middle class asked askoa an another aaother I ¬
other in a casual way WII if he could change changea 0
a a 1003 1 3 bill The other pulled out a wal wallet walJet I Ifroth ¬
let front his inside In lde pocket and counted countedout COURtedout counts ii iiout
out nearly J2e 2 ZQO i Tim Time after time this thishas thishas Umi Umihas
has happened and it I it seems no O uncommon uncommonthing uDeOmmonthing a athing
thing for a Mexican of the thmlddle middle class classto dassto clas S
to carry between betw Cft LWft 1 lP and n 2S eO pesos on onhis Ofthis o a aperson
his person personThe personT personThim
The T check idea seems temliii to have taken takenbut takenbut take a am
but small hold as yet upon the citizens of ofMexico orr it m
Mexico r leo especially when small amounts itf of c C
less than jUl00 1000 are concerned They con consider co C0 5 ¬
sider It much easier to pay ay y spot cash cashthan cashthan ceo it itthan
than to give a cheek for amounts of 50 50or ji SQ SQor 10 10It
or ° 100 100 and they claim with tJt some amount amountof amountof amour amourof It
of reason that a business deal can be put putthrough in it
through with batter advantage when the thecash tbecash tIn e ecash
cash ts s in sight sightEven sightEven gbt gbtEven
Even the Indian in the street carries carriesamounts cam camameunts ma maamounts
amounts of cash that would never nev r be besupposed beupposed I me mesupposed
supposed to be in his possession They Theycarry Theycarry The I Icarry
carry their money in a leather belt fas fastened fastened fa i itenod ¬
tened around their bodies bodI s inside the trou trousers trousers treesers ¬
sers These belts belt are hollow and are areopen areopen an 0 0end
open at one end cmd Into the open end the theIndian theIndian tii e eIndian
Indian slips his pesos or bills until he has hastho sth he s sthe
the th whole full The belt then is J either eithertaken elUaertaken eltimi mr mrtaken
taken off and hidden away or the th bills billsare billsare btt Is Isare
are changed for larger denominations and andstill andsUIl as id idstill
still carried around the body But the theIndian theIndlPn ti me meIndian
Indian is a stickler for pecos duros or orhard c chard
hard cash and prefers them to any anyother anyother an another y
other class of money oxcept gold goldTo goldTo goldTo
To the Indian money Is money and a abank 3 3habit I
bank book stands for nothing in his way wayof wayof we y yof
of reckoning A check he will not accept acceptunder acceptunder acce t tunder
under any circumstances because he does doesnot doesnot doi doinot
not understand undo tand It It A coin or paper cur currency currency ciii ciiiency ¬
rency r ency is what he Is after and that is iswhat Iswhnt isme ls
what he Keeps his hands on when he hegets hebets I Igets te
gets it itSaid
NATURAL ELECTIOV ELECTIOVSaid ELECT1ONSaki
Said mammy mumn ta t Misa Slim 111f1 Molly MoHjrAs lIoHrAs MollyAs
As she brought brou Bt ber up time stain stainWhy sUm MaimslYhy
Why We bJeM bles de graciouc hescy hescyVttere heBcrnen hesc hescWhere
Where Vttere nen did you uu get d dm n atrst atrstWhen ain ainWhen skiWhen
When I tries to tie your apron strings stringsYeuse stringsYixie
Yeuse jerkin and atwlstin atwlstinVhen atwistfnWhen atwistlnWhen
When Vhen I minds you U bout your mannersea mannerseaYouso mannersesYOIso niannuseswean
Youso 11gb Rly OH wean weanew liiteo liiteoK liteSew
K Sew ew w be er ISttte lady ladyAn lad1n ladyMf
An n quit kickic mammy mammyEf 19 19BC s sEl
Ef yen d thou 8o < n l leers are off dat ptockia p4nckiaShe ptockiaShe
She S e vr ws a lore IoTceU you any mo moWhile moo mooWhile no nohile
While hile Im rattle up p de pfllers pfllersAn piUmAn pUlersAn
An a cittlR Uti out JB camYon JIIUWYCMI cam gaunyell
Yon beel right by the soty sotyAn solIo iofyAn
An o say u Now I toy me dawn dewnDOBH dawnDoaB downDineS
DineS be pccpia at de kittes kittesDe kitten kftienbe
De Lend drern doa like don trays traysKf wayslit
Kf He sees you Is afmila afmilalie fooUn fooUnlie CooI1olie
lie warn lUsin U hash in when you prays praysNew iwsiner
New er lemma Im git due okise close off offAn oftn alttn
An n put you in de tub tabJos tubJ5 tubJ
Jos J skat your eje qes ej to raid Id de soap p
When boo I fires ites your lJUr fare a rub rubQuit rubQuit rubQuit
Quit tplafhin out de water traterOr waterOr waterOr
Or ycwTl ciffl ziws gi poor mammy co coEl col colEf cola colayou
El you 011 wets wr I Wr r up like dat now nowPsr oarrFer newPer
Per mammy giltla ole oteNow oleSOW oleNow
Now jes es hole ttill tin er misfit mjanltWhile misfitWhile t tbile
While bile I git jw warm an dry
An jsit you In de b bed d dar darYouss dareYOl8 dayYouoe
Youss too big for rockaby
An den III tell my chile a tale taleDat taleDatml taleBat
Bat Datml my mammy talc tar me meOf meOt meOf
Of de white folks and de black folks tettiAn fetksAn folksAn
An de way dej de ey notes be beIn be beIn beIn
In den ole times tfm when folks folk was wile wileAnr ruen wileAn
Anr An n did diilen n wear no close closeDey clMeDes clewDey
Dey was two men went roamin roaa roaaAn rounAn roenAn
An done jes what dey choseDe choseDc chose choseDe
De lord He J1 seen cm comin cominAn cominAn cuminAn
An He waited in de track trackOne trackOne trsckOne
One of cm was a white man manAn DUUAn manAn
An do yotber one was wasDC liS black blackDe blackDe
De Lord He tuck a pencil pencilAn poocilAn pencilAn
An laid it in lade de way wayAn warAn wayAn
An den He put a a shnvel down downTo donTo downTo
To make out what rfeyd pay ay
De nicser er tuck do shureV sbUtc1 sbUtc1Canse shuselcnce
Cansa it look so new and bright brightAn brightAn
An do white man cot de pencil pencilAn J1 pearlAn ndl ndlAn
An learned him how ho to write writeNow writeNow writeew
Now ew errs since dan days of de ole
When de d nisscr n had de choosinV thocrdn thocrdnwhite
Da white roan ho bin gittln up
While de nlgzer he bin losin loam loamDeblack
De Deblack black men totes toteade de alarms still stillAc stilln atUlAc
Ac n de white man writes Ulit < de figgcrs
Wears do shiny hat and de longtail coat
While de nzccr n2rrtt still is I isnlggers nfyjers nfyjersiraa uf rs rs1RS
iraa 1RS R uo a POWELL
231 i North WashJnjtca W WahIntcn street 8Utet Alexandria a
INTERURBAN ROADS ROADSBy
By FREDERIC F BDERIC J HASKIN JL4 SKIN
No more wonderful revolution u On has ever e r rtaken
t taken ta ken place in the transportation world worldthan
t than th an has recently been taking place in inthe
t the th e more populous sections of the United UnitedStates UnitedStates
Q States St ates Interurban transportation is dtetinetly dlllUnctly dte
tinetly ti netly a twentieth century development deoJopmentThe
T The Th e electric railroad hag wrought won wonders
d ders de < rs It has brought remote communities communltIefJInto
J into In to close touch It has made the city cityman cityman
r man m an and his country cousin close neigh neighbors
bors ho rs It has gradually encroached upon upoathe uponthe
the th e domain of steam stdam until today It Itthreatens Itthreatens
threatens th reatens to drive that sort of power out outof
of ° the transportation field The most mostnmbltlous
a ambitious step electricity has taken is its itslast
i last la st one This ia the building of the new newWashingtonBaltimore newVashlngtonBaltlmare
WashingtonBaltimore W electric line which wbickIs
j is to be opened shortly It proposes the themost themo3t
most m ost serious competition compctltt for interurban Intensrbanpassongor
pi passenger traffic that an electric railroad raUr d dhas
h has tas ever undertaken Usually interurban iaterurbanelectric
e electric el ectric lines have not given bty so much at attantloh
t tentloh to nUoui to speed contenting themselves themselveswith thents themselvesith l 3 3with
with w ith giving lower fares and relying on onthat Onthat onat
wth
that th at to make up any loss of traffic that thatmight thatmigllt
might m mtl ight result from slower schedules But Butthe Buttlte
tj the tl i WashlngtBBBaltiiaere Washln 8BBaltlmore line proposes proposesto p poses posesto
to give iv as fast a schedule a d then add uathe
the th e lower rate rateThe rataThe
The competition the H Hoe e will bare to 18meet
meet ma cat is strong No twe cities are eon eonnectod oenneetoo
nectod n ected by a better steam m car service than thanthat thaAthat
that t hat which idclt connects the he CIty of MagniS MagniScent XagalftcootDlstanc811
c cent cootDlstanc811 Distances with 1th the Monumental M DUlR Rud City Citylbero
There 1 are 128 l passenger er trains katRa a a day de3rangtn
r ranging rangtn from the splendid Consrossional Consrossionallimited eMIHaI eMIHaIUmlted
j limited li mIted and the famous Royal Blue raak raaking JDakhlG
j ing ug the trip in fortylive minutes Rutes to the tbeaooommodations theI
a accommodations that make the run in blmnety isinety I
a ninety n inety minutes The service IY1ee Is Istht everything
t that th at one could hope for on a aoad steam at at108d I
r road but the WashtogtoaBaltinMMre line HDeis I
j is s to have a schedule of one hour from fromthe tremthe Z1O51he
t the he shopping center of Baltimoee to the theoutskirts theoutskirts th thtskirts
outskirts ou o tskirts of Washington Thus it com competes COMpoteoa corneteg ¬
r petes Im eteg with the steam line in speed and andselling Adelllng aeL
s selling a oneway ticket for fori5 75 7 cent and anda allda i
a roundtrip for JL25 L where the theehane raiiroa raiiroacharge rabirossle I
e charge t te tOI each way w It gets get the advant advaatage
a age a g of rates ratesThe ratesT
The T five hundredmile city citybat but lately latelya lalebvioa P
a a vision and a drearn dreamJs te soon be realized i
j Already Alre A lready d1 one nay ma ride by interurban dec dectrie ftectrle elecric
t trie ric cars from f Portland Maine to Now NowYork NevYork
York Y > ork There are but a few small nalI gaps to totlU U
fill ti ll in until he may ma make b the trip tripfrom trt
f from f rom New York to Washington wuidn With WithtbewikUBg WiltI I
t the tbewikUBg he buttdteg of the lines HIt now projected projectedoaa projocteilS I i i0Ib
oaa 0 50 wJH i Ve be able to start at Portland go gote sI sIto go goO S
te t O Boston tOII and a thence by easy sUses M eS att at I 1
the way through thronh to Lincoln LIfteoIa Nebr One Onemay C I Imay
may m now go from Lotttevill Loulowiuls to Indian Indlaaapolte Indianpeik i iaJGUa
apolte a peik and from there to Cleveland De Detroit De Detroit ¬
Doa
troit t rolt Cleveland and Cincinnati are also ateeconnected aIcouccted a
connected c But little remains to be done doneuntil daMuntil I
dealI
until u ti1 St Louis and Chicago Ch will be on onthe 011Ute oi I
ut the t he same trolley lute The Th whole central centralWest ceatralWdt contraWest oiI I
West is fast becoming a network of else electric eIectrlc ¬
tric t mic railroads raftro d Most of them are new 1IeWr neeodo r
roods r though some are small steam steamroads MMDI1eIWs stetuSSSLS
roads i which have 1Ia been electrified and andhereby adDY aao
aaot
U hereby DY changed from a dead iavesUnaot iavesUnaottote IarestalQAtMte tavesimmniits t
tote h its a a Wring HTlDgThe enterprise enterpriseTho
The interurban car earls is a great eat city buM buiUr DuIWere a
buMI
ere I r Dayton Ohio with her population of ofM ofaouIa 0 0m I
M m M souls uie binds herself through her berad be beand
tsbutban and Interurban car tees UIae the thecenter tileter lb
lbIt
center c ter of a populatttK of not tar from from3Hm fNIRlOUis fros frosaozis It
3Hm souls lavesttgatlDM ba in Indiana Indianashow IMtuashow I
j Ia
show s that towns on interurban tR lines linesgrew JtDMgrow line a
grow faster than those oa steam linee lineeDetroit 1iMsDetroit I
heag
Detroit with its wonderful network of ofntemrbsn oriael1lra a aiotrurban g
ntemrbsn lines lifle has made itself a a ckr ckrfar rk7tar ek
ekI
far f r above the tim daM In which Its own ownpopubttkm ewa ewapopulation mw I
population puts it U The whole wBaiefor wbe country countryf eouatg mwT T
f for or r from rout fifty to one hundred h1IR miles is isnwde JJ I Idc a
nwde J dc tributary to it itPerhaps ItPerbAJIi It ItPerhaps
Perhaps the best b idea of eu what an ex extensive extonstve ciOflSFPEm ¬
tensive t Interurban service suvic moans mea meaa to a acRy a acity
cRy 1tY may be gleamed from figwefi gusss of In Interurbaa lRtenlrMn Inerurban I
terurbaa t traflic at IndianapoUs This city cityis dtJIs th I Is
is i s perhaps the leading interurban center centarof centerof cente Is Isof
of the United UJ tect States It has lines run running ntDDJn ¬
ning DJn toward every point poi t of the compass compassIn OOIItJMUlSIn
In VK I3S there was 5 57738 round trips made madeby mHaby mail mailby
by the tlt cars entering the city They car carrled carled
led i approximately IttMG 8ID IOIIG O roundtrip roundtrippassengers roulMltrtppastteJ1sers roundUi p ppassengers
passengers This is an 1Dc Increase of a quar quarter quarter 1
ter of a a million over the previous year yearThe yeecThe yeair r 1r
The extent to which the interurban sen service senlee sence r ¬
ice I ce is patronized hi the various States Statesis Stats a as
is i s startling Massachusetts Ma ae UStts reports that thatits thtits the t tts
its i ts lines carried < nearly near 780000098 000019 pasaen pasaengers aSleBers pasacsgoes
goes ers In 1S07 as compared C mpued with less tbaa tbaa4MOOQOW tins tins4SIOOlhGO I
4MOOQOW roo ia ISM Connecticut electric electricItiKfs he heBans i i1ba
Bans 1ba carried 127sQICQ9 14 ma passengers ia i ias B JHi1 7 7as
as > compared comp red with 78WiWO ii carried by b the thesteam tIn 0 0roads I
steam 3 eam roads Illinois cairUid us usptlSftngers JSSW U2I U2Ipassengers WI WIpassengers
passengers on her interurban lines in insws I a aset
sws swsAnother set I
Another remarkable thing about the theelectric lii me meelectric i
electric railroad is the freedom o from ac acI no nocidents
cidents as compared with the steam steamroads slolQaroads sloan a aroads
roads In 100 ii 05 the IUiM llUaoIs > electric roads roadskilled ro roeil qs d dkilled
killed one peasenger p8Eeeger for every 2 2G 2Gpa 2G2 S3 H Hpaaeengers 14carried
paaeengers pa carried while blla the steam roads roadskilled roodskUiecl read s skilled
killed one out of every W 1JII3H 4 so o carried rlecl rleclOne I IOne
One passonger on the electric oleet roads was we Is
injured d out of mjm carried oa tho thosteam tIIosteana th II II5t1a
steam roads the percentage was one e oat oatof outor oo it itof
of every SCOt Stl00tMtuU Setil SetilMany
Many of the interurban Hates operate operateluxurious operateluCurious e eluxurious
luxurious cars on some of C their trains tral traland I Iand
and in thtjcentral tlttt central West so important and andfarre an d dfarreaching
farreaching farre eb1D5 has the electric railroad be be become hi I Icomae
come that a a palace car company modeled modQlednfter ml mlafter i iafter
after the Pullman company has been oi or orgaAtZed oi N Nganlzed ¬
ganized and is now furnishing ears to toIDflny I IflY
many flY lines Trolley sleepers are now be being beJng Is I Ilag ¬
lag operated on o many lines in the Central CentralWest CentralVest Centri C CWest
West the one from East St Sl Louis to toDecatur toDecatur i 0 0Decatur
Decatur via Springfield being a notable notableinstance notableInsta1c6 notab to toinstance
instance Out of Indianapolis there are aremany aremany an e emany
many trolley sleepers pers n Un n aad buffet and andparlor andparlor ann annparlor
parlor cars are carried carm OR their U4yers U4yersand flyers flyersand Iiyerrand
and limiteds Drummers find the inter interurban IRterurban I Iurban
urban an unending unen lng delight in the the promo promotion promotfC a atin ¬
tin l1 of business Baggage cars are run runon mnOn ma in inOn
on many of the trains and an a a hustling hustlingsalesman busUIDgsalesman hustihi ig igsalesman
salesman can make three towns now nowwhere no w wwhere
where he made one traveling by stoain stoainroads stosi m in inroads
roads roadsPrivate roadsPr1te
Private cars have been built for several severalroads coven a arods r
roads and these may be rented at I 3 25 per perday po r rOily
day These cars consists of a parlor din diningroom dinIngroom din dinlagroom ¬
ingroom and kitchen The rental in includes iAeludes ii iieludes ¬
eludes the service of a motorman con conductor cotziuctor ¬
ductor chef and porter The foodstuffs foodstuffsare fOOltstuffsare f fare
are furnished by the railroads at actual actualcost actualcost actut actutcost
cost The Des Moines interurban has hasone liasone lii LS LSOne
one of these cars and it has been In fatgreat Insro Ingreat
great sro t demand by y trolley parties Many Manyroads Mar Ian Ianr ly lyroads
roads r ads have specially equipped funeral funeralcars funeraloars tuner a aears
cars The Aurora Elgin and Chicago Chicagointerurban ChicagoInterurban CMea O Ointerurban
interurban runs past five of the ceme cemeteries cemeterIes cern cernteries ¬
teries adjacent to Chicago and its fun funoral funoral fm a aoral
oral cars are in great demand On Or the theInland theInland tI a aIsland
Inland Empire line from Spokane to toCouor toCouor 1 toCoiner
Couor dAlenc theater trains of all parlor parlorcars pallorcats pal ir ircars
cars arc run and are widely patronized patronizedA d dA
A small extra charge Is made on these thesetrains thosetrains tho e etrains
trains trainsAnother trainsAnother trainsAnother
Another Important feature fe ture of the inter interurban interurban into r rurban
urban lines is their arrangement arr ngement to carry carryfreight carrytrelght earn ry ryfreight y
freight While few Jf any of them com compete compete corn a apete ¬
pete with the railroads on heavy freight freightyet freIghtet it ityet t
yet et on small freight they do and the themore themore U to tomore 10
more explditlous movement combined withlower wit with withlower Lb Lblower h
lower rates makes the Interurban service servicea servii iO iOa e
a strong competitor in the highclass highclassfreight highclassfreight hIghcIa so sofreight 53
freight and express service The Electric ElectricBaggage ElectricBaggago Electr IC ICBaggage Ic
Baggage Company for Instance of Cleve Cleveland Clevemnd 0 0land ¬
land Ohio sends out twentytwo freight freightand freightand freIg bt btand jt
and baggage cars every day to deliver delivergoods delivergoods dcliv or orgoods
goods and receive products Farmers Farmersbuy Farmersbuy Fa ± me ms msbuy
buy tickets for their milk cans cans2e 20 cents centsfor centsfor con ts tsfor
for every tengallon can being the rate rateand rateand 1 1and
and the baggage company takes It to the thecity thecit 11 he hecity ic
city cit delives deU dellvejs It to the consignee consl ec and then thenreturns thenreturns tho ifl iflreturns ic
returns the empty emptcan emptcanAU can canAll canAll
All sorts of experiments are resorted resortedto resorti nd ndto d
to to get business Lrnln One road has a solic soliciting salt 8011IUnS 0 0jUng f ¬
jUng agent He H calls Up the farmers farme rs
all along aJong alo ng his line once every week to find out outwhether outwketiMt outhether
w whether hether they are going to have anything anythingto anythingship
t to ship the seven days following If an anaffirmative anaWm8tfve anlimnsatlve
affirmative al answer is received the agent agentbegins asentbegins agentgins
begins be gins a campaign to get that business businessAnd businessAnd businessd
And An d he in te usually successful 5UCCOB lut Other roads roadscreate roadscreate roadsett
cr create ett business by exploiting the territory territorythrough territorythrough territoryrough
through th thth h rough which bleh they run One road found foundthat foundthat foundat
t that th at the soil in its territory was Yo partic particuiary particuktry particary
uiary ul > ary adapted to the growing of potatoes potatoesIt
It began to advertise advertl e that fact and andtere be before bere ¬
J
fore to re long it had doubted its business In Intfew InNew Inew
New N ew England a favorite way to get traf traffic tratftc trafIs ¬
ftc te to interest t tourists in the scenery sceneryalong sceneIalo sceneryong
aj along alo ong g trolley trol routes Booklets are is issued is isSUed ised ¬
st sued su sufu ed telling of the wonderful and beauti beautiful beautIful beautbl ¬
ft ful fu l things that may be seen To the theBerkshire theBerkahfte theerkshire
Berkshire B HillS RD by y Trolley is an exam examj examof
j > l te e of the alluring titles these booklets bookletsnave bookletsan bookletsve
J
an lia nave ve Some roads sell power for running runningfarm runnlnfarm runningrni
farm fa rni machinery to the farmers along alongtijetr alOongtheir alongelr
y their th elr lines They ftnd that this Is So profi profitable profitable proftble ¬
ta table tath ble investment in I that they make some something somethlll sceneing ¬
tl thing thlll th ing out pet of the Ower > ower thus sojd aDd at atthe atthe ate
tl the e SSAM sss time get addqd good will from fromthe fromthe fronte
the th e farmers farmersThe tannersTtae farmerThe
The steam railroads are acknowledg acknowledging acmcn acknowledag Jedg JedgIn ¬
ing la g the tin superiority pertorlty of 1 the electric road roadm roadJa roadthe
m Ja 1 the bundling of 0 the sborthaitl pass passeager pusglK passger
eager sa glK trxffl mPresid8 President t Tattle Ttlttle or the theBoston theBo theoston
B Boston oston and Maine says that the electric electricHues elect1hHAeC e1ectrhsa
Hues li sa can haul this class of traffic more morecheaply mOorecheaply moreeaply
lich
cheaply ch eaply President kleftt Baer of the Headingalso Rea Heading Readingso nS nSa1sct
j
also al so concedes that the suburban traffic trafficis trafficis trafficbatter
is better bandied by electricity than thansteam thansceuR thaneam
steam st eam TO offset the disadvantage CU5f1dn ta e at atwhich atf athich
u which f taleb the treHey tr trOll lines place them the tharailroads theraBroaeIs theilroads
r railroads ra ilroads are acquiriiig control of the thetrolley thotrolle theolley
trolley trolle tr olley > lines so that they can prevent preventtejnry preventllijvry preventjury
tejnry in jury to themselves ftfi The New Haven HavenRoad RavenRoad Havenosd
B Road R osd for instance tastaDee has gotten a control of offiftyseven orfttt7Mven oftyzeven
fi fiftyseven M tyzeven per Ps cent of the trolley lines linesof Unesor linesf
o of f Connecticut The Defetwara and Hud Hudson HudJIas Hudbought ¬
9 son has bought the control of a compet competing CQ lpetIBg coinpetg ¬
fa ing ta g electric line Ime and a number of other otherreads oth otherare r rrca
reads are are following lf suit suitThe suitTbe suitThe
The enormous growth of the interurban interurbancar
car c as line is shown by the fact that where f fa tlie ethere
a lie there wer were only SMI s S miles of such suchlines su suchnes h hJInes
M lines nes in the tin United States fifteen tteen years yearsago yearsaso yearsgo
ago a go there are r today more than 36009 36009miles ai aiMIles O Oftes
miles ftes There are enough lines now w pro projected pro projected proected ¬
j jected ected and reasonably sure e to be con constructed constructed conto ¬
structed to insure e the doubling of this thistrackage thist thisrackage
t trackage within ten years And while whilethe whi whitile whilehe
j
t the he Interurban electric lines are increas increasing lIIcreastat cres cresg ¬
to tat I g many 113 small steam roads are being beingelectrified beingelertri beingleetrilied
electrified it IecL Furthermore the big terminals terminalsof
of f the United States Stat are ar substituting ele eletrictty ele eletrldty dc dcr
t trictty r ° cIty for steam notably those of New NewYork NewYork Nework
York Y ork The progress of electricity as asmo a amotive apower
motive power has been lj unprecedented unprecedentedYet upedentedelectrical
Yet electrical engineers ra say that the past pastfe PUtwIleR
fe as 5 nothing when compared With rtth what whatthe whattile whate
the th e future is to bring forth The reign reignof reignof reignf
of o f the Scent ceut fare farets fa expected to come comewith comeith comewith
with ith the electrincatkm of the steam steamrailroads steamrail steaniilroads
i railroads rail ra ilroads of the United States StatesTomorrow StatesTomorrowClol StasesTomorrowClose
Tomorrow TomorrowClol Close of the th Social SocialSeason SocialSenson Socialeason
Season SensonI S eason easonJ
THE DOMINANT SIGHT SIGHTA
I
J A Sinister Superstition anil an Its ItslfifTect1 ItsB1Tcct Itsl1Tects
lfifTect1 Upon the human Mini MiniIt JUndIt Mindtook
It took a whole generation time of ofetxBcrimettis C Cts ofXrtxieets
etxBcrimettis ts aM 4 mechanics h to learn learnthat learntUt learnhat
that t the engineer must stand or sit siton sittlM sitright
on th tlM right side of Ute engine et or cab cabin ca cabat u uIA
in t at order that he could c aW look ahead aheadwttk aheadUt aheadwIUt
wttk hi aH right t or dominant ey eye < only onlymad onlyaJNI onlynd
mad a nd without sticking kIDS his 1a entire head headour bfactt beadt
our t t as h he would have Te to do if he ant antor seto t tDr
or o stood oo the loft side aid says D G M MGmOd w wCeeW hiCould
Could CeeW ia the M4fccal l Record Re ord The Thorailroad Th Thrd1nMId Therailroad
railroad men never learned why this thisis tbisIs thisdo
is so so do not know why today toda and andto anda nd ndto
to a nMLkth JJIka the desirable change In two twoAsterfeaa twoAmericu twoAmerican
American left passing double track trackrailroads trackrailreacls trackailroads
railreacls r railroads while it would finally avoid avoidexpense avoidexJellSe avoidxpense
expense e and accNeats accidents would cost at atonce atODee atmnifitons
once many millions of dollars dollarsThousand dolJarsT dollarsThOusands
u Thousand T of years ag age knights kalg kngbtsand kngbtsandmen tsand tsandJHeIl and andmen
men fighting oa foot or horseback horsebackhad bonebackMui hOrsebackhad
had to approach and pass one another anotheron otb r
on the left in order er to strike or apearone 5 spear spearanother ar artHtO
one another aaot er with th tile ri right bt hand handwhfte ltandwhD handwhfle
whD whfte the th shield hand held the theshield thQaldeW theshield
shield or 0 the reins The Th railway railwayengineer railwaygtaeor railwaycivil
engineer gtaeor civil hU or locomotive l motin does doesnot doesnot oes oesot
not ot know that the knight was wa his hisrighthanded hisrlgiatJlaDded hisilghthfldOd
righthanded and righteyed pro proganitor progeattor progealtor
ganitor gealtorsand < sand and eadowor eadoworA
A flood aO of light 1I is thrown t upon uponhistory uponJaI uponhlery
history JaI tery soefetagy sail medicine medicineespecially m841lclaepeelal1y medicinespecally
4 especially peelal1y upon peychotagy neurol neurology DeurolotW neurotft1Y ¬
ogy ft1Y and psychiatry p ycbillttry by lefthaaded lefthaadedaoss lett1Iaa lefthandedness led ledaftlll
ness and its sequels Of every mil million mllU railup ¬
lion U born at least 3 tM probably probablymore prObahbmorq probablymore
more are naturally lefthanded so sothat 50tha sothat
that in the United States there t ere are areaenriy arerty areaetry
aenriy rty 3OMA04 and in 1 the world worldmore worldMOre worldmore
more th u timsa n 45 4000 55KWWt thus handicap handicappod handicappotl
pod An 1D iadaftaito dJalte proportion of ofthese ort ofthese
these t have nave been b ar are being bela doubly doublycursed doublYcursed doublycursed
cursed by tile tin efforts e orts of the UI foolish foolishparents foolishpareats foolishor
parents or teachers teac ers to make them themrighthanded themrfgktltaade themrighthanded
righthanded Sad suggestions and andillustrations andUlustrlttlons andIllustrations
illustrations of the baleful results of ofthe orthe ofthe
the work of these Improvers im > rovers of ofnature orn otnature
nature n tllre exist in such simple facts as asthat asthat asthat
that Nrlght right which should slteuldmeaa mean on only only only ¬
ly dextral or orrlgkt1tBcled righthanded has come cometo cometo comemean
to mean good moral advisable and andleft andleft endtIft
left left or sinistral f has become sinis sinister sinister sinistor ¬
ter awkward unlucky to be avoided avoidedboth avoidedboth avoidedboth
both person ner and thing Dexterity Dexterityand DextorltJaad Dextorityand
and dextronsness properly mean meanI meaning meaning
I i ing S ow only lextrality hav baTe become becomesynonymous becomesynOAymOus becomesynonymous
synonymous with expertness and ex exceptional IXcepUo cxceptloaisI ¬
ceptional cepUo l proficiency pr ftclcnc whereas every ¬
body bod knows that the leftbanded per person person person ¬
son if purely so is as cunning of hand handas hD41S bandthe
as the rightbanded Even the th super superstition supe supestitlOR superof ¬
stition of the evil eye eythe the non nondominant nondominant nondominant
dominant on O oneteaches teaches the same les lessons 1fSsou iccall ¬
sons In all ages ais ges ad now surely
there are everywhere strange and un unaccountable unaccountable Unaccountable ¬
accountable cases of failure in life lifepeculiar lIteopecullar lifepeculiar
peculiar odd awkward folk folkcranks folkcranks folkcranks
cranks of a hundred hund = e types misfits misfitsstutterers misfitsstutterers misfitsstutterers
stutterers and all that What Wh t a light lightthe Ughtthe lighttime
the misplacement of the t o cerebral cerebralcenter corcbncenter cerebralcenter
center for speech and writing or its itspernicious itspernielous itspomnieIou
pernicious double placing and mal maleducation maledticatlon mateducation
education and crippling 1y imbldes imbldestralists ambldetralfats ambidexrealists
realists throws upon the origin and
tate of many man stutterers and upon uponmany uponmany uponmany
many of tHe hopelessly stupid the thelaggards thelaggRds thelaggards
laggards in school se ool How many manyof of the themedieval themetlteVl themedieval
medieval court jesters and the thederided thederIded thederided
derided the town fools the kyphoticsand kyphotlCand kyphotics kyphotlcsand
and cripples were the products of tho thosinister thosInister thesinistsr
sinister superstition of the right righthanded nghthan40d righthanded
handed han40d tyrants And how many of ofthe otthe ofthe
the morbid minded and insane insaneExpensive InstUleExpenai1c InsaneExpensive
Expensive Toy Finn FinnEfcxn FbhFrom FishFrrtn
From UK Phttadtphia P I Retard RecmrmLWIllIam l lWI1Uam
William H Heimbach
of Allentown an anesportfEreador anUpiSrt anonpmnrtllbeodor
esportfEreador UpiSrt reooor > of fancy fishes has recent reeent1y recent1v
ly sold a a lot of Japanese trIngetaUs and andsome andsome
some Chinese fantails fer 10 10 each Several Sev Sewera
eral era of tho fringetails with bodies less l lessthan e eUaan
then three Inches long have tails meas msurlng muonsusing
using four inches The parent stock was wasmported wasimported
imported from ta the Orient but Mr Helm Hclmbach Heimbach Helmbach
bach has succeeded in raising about ieo ieoof 00 eoof
of the nah In an elaborate hatchery he hebuilt hebunt hebuilt
built adjoining his home The fad in inaddition inaddition inaddition
addition to being expensive requires in
Unite patience pU rne and care The fish must
be kept and bred In still water which hlcla
IK l supplied with oxygen by means IDQ M of o odd oddplants oddplants
plants procured chiefly from China The
breeding of these toy to fish of which single singlespecimens slnslespoclmens singlespecimens
specimens are worth from Jl to 51BV sm 3I is issaid
said to be the acme of piscatorial cultur
A well stocked st kd five gallon acquadum acquznu Is 1worth Isworth
worth about 15Q 150 l54