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nn THE WASHINGTON HERAXJD. SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 17, 1912. LCS of 'them are following the courses oCUtersture.and.hlftory, C30 areengaged In natural sciences and mathematics, 62 In medicine,'. 71 In political economy or agriculture. 39 In law: study, 23 in dentis Humane Method of Slaughtering Animals Devised New-Device-for Dry Wringing-of Mops. try, 7 In pharmacy, and u in tocology. A CURIOUSLY v ERODED1 STONE . 3 ,-.. - . - . - j r ret ray waarH? is, ttjLbmm-i. -.- fa apfepft HTprfSpoSEK VlKs& Mr6 MtdN MWBHMiMBafcSI i IninwBwWnHll u 1 ' SLAUGHTERING A STEEll WITH A BUIXGTLGSS PISTOL. (Th nutter b erfustrely for m fa this pile, prepared by the Scientific American.) The accompanying photograph shows an up-to-date and humane method of slaughtering animals, which Is now being used largely In England. The Instrument emplojed Is known as In the World (Tbia nutter Is r-irfumd for cm in this paje, prepared by the hdcotlfle American) An Aerial Railway on Mont Blanc Aerial rallwavgft which carry their pas sengers In cars suspended on cables, are the latest departure in the commercial ization of the Alps. One of these unlovel) but convenient devices Is soon to be In stalled on Mont Blanc Starting from Chamonlx. at an altitude of 3.000 feet, it will ascend to the Glacier des Bossons at 7.500 feet, with two Intervening sta tions. It will have a grade of SO to SO degrees. The line will finally be extend ed to the Aiguille du Midi, at an alti tude of 11,500 feet. The first section is to be completed in 1913 and the extension the following jear The road will be worked with three cables the carrier, the tractor and a cable for the brakes. Each carriage will accommodate twenty four persons The Brahmaptura Expedition, recently undertaken by the British authorities in India to punish the Abor tribesmen for the murder of Commissioner 'Williamson, has not yielded all the geographical In formation that was hoped for, as It was not found possible to explore all the un known portions of the Brahmaputra Tsangpo However, a total of thirty five square miles was surveyed, material ly reducing the unexplored part of this territory, and much other scientific work was accomplished Incidentally, the at Portable Searchlight for Coast Defence Is Perfected DESIGN OF THE l'OHTlDlE SEARCHLIGHT FOR COAST DEFENCE. Simplified form of Diving Suit Maks DiveVs Work Easier (This matter is exriusirely for nao tn this pace, Jrepared by the Scientific American.) Few people realize how utterly help less a diver Is when clothed In the ordi nary diver's suit topped with the heavy Drass helmet. The air that Is pumped down to him fills not onlv the helmet, but the entire suit, puffing it out to such, an extent that heavy weight are required to keep the man down. The diver cannot possibly move about UKe tne swimmer, but must signal to the tenders above when he .wishes to be raised or lowered. The gloves upon his hands are cumbersome, and' the work that he can do is really very limited. One of the annoyances that he has to endure Is the fact that he cannot reach inside of his suit to ease any discom fort. There Is a case of a diver who dlscov ered a June bug in his helmet -when he was down under water, and he was obliged to endure all the torture -of hav ing the Insect crawl over his face with out any possible means of reaching It to destroy it or even brush It away. Evidently conditions- such as these in fluenced a French Inventor to devise a divers outnt wmen dispenses witn every thing but an abbreviated form of hel met. The outfit consists of a cap of rubber which fits closely over the diver's head, covering his ears so as to prevent water from entering them. -V There Is'also a strap that fits over the mouth, and bears the air supply1 device. Air is pumped to the diver in the usual way. through a pipe which Is attached to his helmet at the back of the neck. Thus equipped, the diver does not re quire any great weight to hold him down. He can readily swim down to the work and swim up again to the surface. To assist him in descending he Is pro tided with' a weight, -which he carries the Behr pistol It Is a spring-operated device that projects a sharp blade Into the animal's head No bullet enters the animals, and as no powder Is used, the pistol may be placed directly upon the vital point of tho skull of Science. tempt to chastise the Abors was a failure. Coffee Without Caffeln The American consul at Tamatavr. Madagascar, has sent to the Bureau of Manufactures in Washington samples and photographs of a natural caffelnless coffee growing in that inland It Is locally known as ""man taska ' or cafe sauvage." grows to a height of i: to 20 feet, and resembles the ordinary coffee tree, but has smaller leaves and a jellowish berry Reducing the Brlttleness of Glass The brlttleness of glass is due to the quick cooling of the hot substance. It is known that constant motion tends to rearrange the molecules fn any substance and a similar effect is observed when glass Is boiled In a w eak solution of salt in w ater, a'nd allowed to cool gradually. The toughness of the glass is Increased very much, and the effect of quick heating Is less disastrous to It. This Is easily applied to articles used In the laboratory and to glass globes for lighting purposes. and prevents much breakage. The Twelve Biggest Brains in the World In point of brain weight the fol lowing in the order named are the twelve leading name, the weights being Indicated In grammes Ivan Tourgenlef, Russian novelist. 2102. Joseph Bouny, French Jurist, 1.9K, George Curvler, Franco-German naturalist. 1 SM E. H. Knight, American mechanician, I.S14, tranz X. Kraus. German theologian. 1.SO0. John Abercromble. Scottish physl 1 Slmplfled Diver's Helmet That Dispenses -with an Inflated Salt. In his hand. This Is tied to a cord, by which It may be recovered when the diver discards It. Having far greater freedom than the ordinary diver, he can do far better work tinder water. aaaaaffBaaaaaaaaaaaV'iaaaaaaaVVBaaaacaaaaaH JcSHBaaaaaaaPETBflHaUE so that the aim will be unerring death, will be absolutely Instantaneous, and the animal will feel no pain. A similar in strument, butjof smaller pattern, is made for use on dogs, pigs, sheep, and other small animals. clan 1.7S6; Benjamin F. Butler. American statesman, 1,758, Edward Olney, Ameri can mathematician, J.T01; Herman Levi, German composer. 1.690, A. WInchell. American geologist, 1.606. William M. Thackeray, English novelist. 1 658; Rudolf Lenz. German composer, 1.636. Street Lighting as Police Aid An In diana city has recently utilized a special street lighting svstem that had been In stalled for ornamental Illumination to as sist the police in case of an alarm after the lights have been turned oft at night. A controlling switch in the office of tho chief of police enables the lights to be flashed on while officers are scouring the streets. CURIOUS ICE STALAGMITE (This matter is etdiui?elr for uae in this para, jrrpared by the Scientific American.) It Is not often that one sees a column of ice In the woods standing 30 feet In height like a ghostly white monument. Such a column was recently to be seen in the vicinity of Schroon, N. Y. The column naa me appearance oi a suu- agmite of dazzling whiteness, and it' proved to be a hollow pillar. I Th . fht ot.hirth n thi. ha.l tiful column of ice were simple enough, although to the uninitiated the puzzle was extremely baffling The monstrous stai-, agmite stood about half way between an old stock farm and the mountain reser voir which supplied spring water to the house and barn. A vent plug was removed, permitting a fine Jet of water to shoot up 30 feet into the air and gradually build up a hollow cylinder of Ice. The column proved a great attraction, and created widespread interest. People came from miles around to see the curious spectacle. The Falsification of Evidence by Suggestion (This matter is ezclmirely for nae in this pais. prepared by the Scientific American.) From the writings of Prof. Munster berg we are all familiar with the Irre llablllty of the human memory and the dangers and pitfalls which arise there from in the matter of legal testimony. Some very interesting facts are cited from his own observation by Prof. Duck In order to test the memory and sus ceptibility to suggestion of his pupils he performed the following experiment on forty-eight bos between the ages of fourteen and seventeen He passed a silver coin about the size of a CO-cent piece around the class. In structing each boy to carefully examine It, but giving no further Indications as to the purpose of his action. At the end of the lesson, which in other respects proceeded as usual. Prof. Duck, having taKen possession or tne coin, addressed the class as follows "lou have no doubt observed that the coin which I handed around had a hole in It: now I would like to test your powers of observation. I am. therefore, going to ask each of you to Indicate the point on the coin where the hole Is found. Just take a piece of paper, draw a circle upon It. and Indicate roughly the position of the head on (the coin and of the hole which you observed. As a matter of fact there was no hole In the coin at alL Nevertheless no fewer than forty-four of the forty-eight pupils indicated tne position or tne alleged hole inhfe coin, some even Indicating the position of two noies. Of the four re manlng pupils only one positively assert ed that there was no hole In the coin the other three merely said that they had not observed the hole. This alone is interesting enough, but there were several other features In the case wnicn are well worth recording the first place the one and only Indi vidual wno naa nor been open to sue. gestlon was a boy who had previously shown his independence by giving consld- erame dimcmty in matters of dlsclp'Ine. urrnermore. several of -the lounger dojtj, eien alter tney were told that there was no hole in the coin, absolutely re fused to admit, it. It hardly heeds to be pointed .out how significant an observation rff this char acter Is In its bearing oh legal testimony. We must not be surprised' that the wit ness, may under certain circumstances not merely mage a certain statement In. compatible with' facts, but may even in-" risi in nis erroneous seller In, the face of overwhelming- evldenoe'agalnst it and all this in perfectly good ,falth. WOMEff STUDENTS IN ' GFUMAN COLLEGES At last accounts there were 2,558 women students In the colleges cf Ger many, and tho figures show that the number Is increasing wnstantly. These women are distributed' as follows: In the Prussian universities, 1G; In the three Bavarian universities, 279; In the two Baden ttnlversltles, HT,"and for the oth ers In the German Empire. 300; 2oo of these students are of German nationality. (This nutter is excluslrely f or toe la this pact, prepared by" the Sdeatinc American.) A very remarkable example of erosion Is shown in the accompanying photo graph. The specimen Is a single piece of stone that has 'been ground Into a fantastic shape by natural causes. The stone was picked up by an old Indian on the shores of Lake Superior last summer. It was lyloc when found In 'the natural pocket which formed it. It would have been most interesting to note the proba ble eddies which caused it to grind Itself Into Its present shape. An Oddly Eroded Stone. V-uHt2jlaHaaBMaV 'VlJ aaaaaaaaaaaaaNEBaaaHaaaasKaaaaaaHaft&Ul aaael?- Ssaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaal W&S&tit H '- iLaaaLaBai JfeiSi?;' -, Baaaaaaaaaaal eaaMSlrSf? fcSSLii VaaaaaaaaaH How One Can Make Perfume At Home From the Flowers (This matter is exdnsirelr for nse in this nice, prepared by tha Scientific American) In order to be successful In making nerf una at home It is very necessary that .u- m . u...u .. .,!.- r... en .-ir " ""' u-" yy -. lrac ui-ram r u. ,t . a ..u.. delicate matter drying the nowers, as unless the process is done quickly the netalx will wither and the natural frac j ranee depart. For tn pUrpose of dryin(r !t , a good . , . ' .i, m, i plan t0 PPare a framework with wire netting stretched across. Into this the I blossoms may be placed in a single lajer J and the whole thing moved up and down with a swinging motion so that the air rushes freely around the blooms. a short while It Is found that all traces of moisture, which Is almost certain to have been present If the flowers have been gathered early In the morning, will have gone. It will now be necessary to obtain some very pure Lucca oil The next step to secure some pieces of wadding such as may be purchased at any draper's stores In lengths. Last of all we shall need some wide necked Jars Now with a sharp pair of scissors cut the wadding Into circular portions such as will easily fit Into the jar. Next pour a ouantity of oil into a dish and In this Immerse the pieces of wad ding As It is desirable that the wadding should be well soaked. It Is a good plan to leaveMhem for a while. Meantime we may come back to our (lowers. Taking tare to injure the petals as little as possible, pick each blossom to pieces. Bo very certain to use only the petals of flowers, in order to make sure that no bits of stalk or leaves are In cluded Everything Is now ready, save that a small quantity of table salt finely pow dered should be at hand Be quite sure that the Jars are quite clean, and then sprinkle a thin lajer of the salt on the bottom of the first Jar to be filled. Now cover the salt with a layer of petals, and over this place, a section of the oil soaked cotton wool, then sprinkle a little more salt, next arrange another laver of petals to bo followed by more wad- This routine Is (av,bc repeated until the Jar Is full and In order to get a number of sections of wadding into place It will be necessary slightly to press the con tents of the Jar. We must now make Soak Pieces of Wnddlne In Pure Olive Oil In a Dish. Placethe Fetlas and Layers of Wadding Alternately In a Jar. 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TWflfllaBTa'aMr?aaaaP'laalBr,,l rjWjrtr W, 1KJmjMWrfjiXf!ri "'"w:jiHrV aSaafKaaaaVllaaBaaaaaaaaf MfcUbY etvaBBU-BBBBBBVnBBVTaZaBBBfTfiaaBBBBBBBaT.jStt'.' 1) vi&zlw if!asfJ1-'4 .BaBBBBaBY-HHasaBasF.&BBBBBBaaBBBBBBBBaV lraHa&l3flsaaaailaKStia63BaaBaaaaat WtllKSBIKlSpti&'tmjj HaaaaaaaaaaaaaaHaaaaaaaaK$"'iaaaa2aB RBBBHIBBBBBBBBBBVfiHBBBBHBaBBBaBaaBEBBBBBBBBBBaBBBBBrr I aaaaaWaaaaaaaaaaaaaaBaBaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaESi I BaaaaarajaaaaaaaaaaEaBaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaflaaaaaaaaaaaB' laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaBfliaaaaaaHajPl (Thli nutter is etchnirly for use In this pale, prepared by the Scientific American.) A new device for the dry wringing of mops, clothing. &c, but especially adapt ed for quick service In large office and other public building Is Just now dally demonstrating Its great labor and time saving qualities at the Museum of Natu ral History, New York, where the ma quite sure that the contents of the Jar are protected from the action of the air. A large cork answers the purpose well, but In any case parchment or grease proof paper fixed over the opening Is quite sufficient. When all the Jars which it Is Intended to fill have been prepared they should without any delay, be sealed down as It Is unwise to leave them open even for a few hours. Now find a shelf which the receptacles may stand: thli la-., (,, If If ! snoum u .u u. wU -"- " " M feet In diameter occupied by the fam posslble to get a sunny position, so much, .... , j,. D.vi "" I "les ot Archangelo Couz and John Robln- .!L !Ur' ... . v. i.e. .. ""- The situation Is Maple Street and The Jars of petals must now be left at ,, .i... .,. k. t,. . least ten days or a fortnight. At the end, " "" " the abode has been of this time the vessels may be unsealed j known as the 'Round House' and The and the oil drained away from the sat urated wadding It is a good plan to tie a piece of fine muslin across the mouth of the Jar, but before doing so It Is well to press the wadding with a spoon or some Instrument so as to drive the oil from the material into the. body of the Jar It will be found that the expressed oil is verj highly perfumed, according to the kind of flower which has been uieLin deed, the qualit) of the scent made on these lines Is much more lasting than that which Is usually purchased AS soon as possible the essence should be stored away In tightly stoppered bottles. A very pleasing fragrance mav be made by combining rose leaves and lavender together, only of course to secure the proper results we must emploj less of aromatic herb than of the delicate rose petals A few pinches of the lavender scattered over every laver of rose petals wiifebe quite sufficient to give the desired zest to the perfume In tho same way a small quantity of rosemary or bay leaves improves the fragrance of violet perfume, nlthough the result Is liked by some people more than by others. It is very necessary in adding the leaves of an) plant to see that the are perfectly macerated Each leaf should be cut off separated, and al lowed to fall Into a basin, care being ob served to take only those leaves which are fully matured. Early Self-starter That the self-starter Is not new Is shown by the record ot one American company manufacturing air- cooled cars. As long ago as 1903 a syra cuse man. John Wilkinson, owned a mo tor equipped with a motor starter of tho compressed air type. Drain the Oil Slowly Tnroaiila Mus lin After It Has Stood for Sev eral Days. Aromatic Leaves Should Be Well Bruised with a Pestle. New York's Mammoth Transportation System During the year ended June 30 there were carried by subway lines of the City of New Tork about 800,000.000 passengers. With the-extensions and enlargements 4bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbBbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbV THE DRY RINGEK IV OPERATION. chine has been Invented and constructed Every morning an area of ten acres, or a highway equal to twenty-five city blocks, sixty feet wide, about one and a quarter miles long. Is thoroughly cleaned by a quad of twenty men and four wringers in two hours. Previously, under the old methods, the same men consumed nearly half a div in going over and mopping up this same floor space The wringer is also adapted which are contemplated the rapacity of the subway system will be increased to 1000.000,000 passengers a jear. The com missioners state that the estimated cost of the new developments will be not un der aXO.000.000. They estimate that the total length of the single tracks In the whol system, including the existing sub way And elevated lines In Manhattan and the Bronx and the Rapid Transit lines of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, will be 62) miles as against the length of f6 miles of the existing lines BUILT HIS HOUSE ROUND. Thonffht that It Would Equalise Seasonal Temperatures. - I "?" ?J ? I UlCie 13 B. ITJUI1U UUU9C 111 ,1UU1KUUIll, Jewsharp " It Is said that a sometime Smith College girl gave It the name of Jewsharp because of an L which seemed a reminder shape of the lire formed In strument known as the Jewsharp. The main house is two stories in height and of brick, plastered on the outside It was built in 1X3 by Seth Strong, a build er who had a notion that a house of the shape he left would be warmer In winter and cooler In summer. Jut wh). not c1 en the oldest Inhabitant can guess. Big , ore Dlaces caDe in ev ery room, and in the rear of the dwelling Is a commodious oven and smokehouse The L, which was built on several J ears after the main hou'e wis finished. Is 1 one story addi tion Looking at the house from tho outside one would think that every room Is shap ed like a wedge of pie. but this is not the case. A wide hall runs from the front door through the houe, and about two thirds of the distance from the door is a brick wall at right angles to the cen tral hall Thus the parlors on either side of the h ill are like sections of pie. but the other rooms are rectangular on three sides and curved on one Back of these rooms Is the kitchen, with two large, brick ovens. Near the ovens is a set kettle, known In early dava as the "the 'brass kettle" In the circumference of the wall are four sn-eat double chimneys, for there is fireplace In each ot the eight rooms lri the circle. The triangular parlors are odd In ap pearance Carpets have to be specially made for them But the designer succeed ed in making the house warm and firm. for the plastered brick wall has never let the winds through. Tne conical root of fers little resistance to the wind, and there, are few useless corners to be heated. EDISON TRAIN A SUCCESS. Tb.ree-c-nt Storage Battery Deni onstrutlon to Be Given. Kroo the Xew Tork Times. Successful tests of a three-car train of Edison storage battery cars were made last w eek on the Watchung branch of the Erie Railroad, between West Orange and Forest Hill. They have en couraged Mr. Edison to such a degree that he has arranged for a public dem onstration on Wednesday In a trip from the Pennsylvania Railroad station. New Tork. to Long Beach. The train will leave the Pennsylvania terminal at 3 o'clock In the afternoon. It is expected that it will reach New York on the return about 6 o'clock The cars to be used In the demonstration have been built by the Federal Storage Bat ter Car Company, of Silver Lake. N. J, for the United Railways of Cuba. The novel feature of this new step in the development of Edison's storage bat tery Is the fact that more than ono car will Te operated by one controller, under the multitude unit control, which Is char acteristic of the operation of trains In the tubes and Subways and elevated rail ways of New Tork Cltl. Each car wilt accommodate forty per sons and is equipped with four SCO-volt motors and US cells of Edison battery Tests Indicate that with a full load the (rain will be capable of a speed of thirty miles an hour. The Cruel, Cruel Anintr. From Judge. "See, darling!" and Mrs. Justawed held up for her husband's gaze three mirrors arranged so. as to give as many reflec tions. "I caji get a triple view of my self." "Humph!"' gurgled her brute of a. man, struggling with his collar. "You seem to bo quite popular. With yourself;" ' for dvers and large seashore bathing houses. Mr. 11 Bears is the inventor and patentee of the machine The wringer is attached to the tub, bucket, or other vessel by means of a frame, provided with clamping device. This .process of wringing or drying a mop Is absolutely sanitary, there being no necessity of coming In contact wltlii the mop or polluted water with the hands or clothing GENTLE TOUCH OF A WOMAN. W hole Social and Moral Tone of as Factory May Be Changed by Her. From Cbllifr a TVeealy It is unfortunate that the entrance ot educated women into the responsible po sitions of the industrial world has not kept proportionate pace with their Influx into the ranks of clerical work and un skilled labor However chivalrous and kindly the masculine employer may be. his treatment of the girts and women In his charge must alwavs be of a some what formal and alien nature He can never Intimatelv understand their needs, nor can he quite win their confidence But as larger numbers of women take places of responsibility In shops, mills, and offices co-ordinate with those of the men who are in power, a vital and inti mate relation between the business and Its women emploves will tend to be de veloped, one similar to that existing In the best firms and factories between the employers nd the men. Women are given to steadfast Iovaltjes and are especially s&nsltive to the per sonal touch The whole social and moral tone of a factory may be changed by the advent of one woman of refinement among its employers. The quick. Imi tative minds of the little- foreigners ab sorb with startling rapidity the atmos phere which she carries with her Voices are lowered, swearing is diminished, clothes are modified, and gentler manners are fostered when "de boss is a loidy " And a feeling of security grows in young minds overtried by fighting an alien world for bread and decencv becauso she is also a woman and she under stands. Much Eood may be accomplished by the estimable services of the profes sional social worker, but It will alwavs be as a mustard plaster applied to tho outside. The picture which often seems most touchingly beautiful of those bequeathed to us from the "good old times is that of the woman of the manor, with all the dignlt) and gentleness of her position, superintending the work of the women the spinning, dvelng. and weaving, the baking and brewing, the preparing ot herbs and the making of clothing and teaching to the maidens about her the care of their minds and bodies and mor als In preparation for life. Why is such a position of dignity and power consid ered less beautiful for the gentlewoman of to-day' American Phvstciana Lead. From tha Century In the practical application of preven tive medicine American physicians are acknowledged to be the leaders of tho world. They have not lost the primacy in this respect which twenty years ago led their confreres In Vienna to say: "We are astonished at your achieve ments, over hero we wait with Impa tience for the publication of your vol umes.'" Twenty-five vears ago Mr. Bryce in his great book, "The American Commonwealth," quoted the appreciation of 'competent authorities' of our "con tributions to biology and medical sci ence " "Indeed. It Is remarkable." ha Lsald. ' how far from showy and sen- erai science) now done In America." What must he say now of the great pro portions which medical and surgical re search have since attained! The pur suit of medicine in America fairly seethes with progress and Interest. It has all the zest of exploration. Millions of dollars are Invested in the study of diseases once thought incurable: unrelenting warfare. Is waged upon contagious infections, and heredity, the education of the public on matters of health Is systematic and thor ough, and back of the professional hon or which impels It all Is a spirit of quiet altruism which Is a better substitute for the knighthood ot the Middle Ages. Once more we say, gratitude and honor to thi good physician. A Slilltary Genius. From tha rathSnder. It was during" the sham battle at Chlckamauga last summer that a young sergeant gave a command that will pass his name down to posterity In the un written legends ot the national guard. His company held an exposed position. and in the ardor and excitement of their first baptism of fire they had disposed of enough cartridges to last a veteran through an all-day battle. Suddenly they found their belts empty and neces sarily the din of conflict lessened. It was then that the gallant sergeant, hat less and flushed with battle frenzy, rushed down the line and shouted: Keep up your fire, boys! Don't let th nersy know your ammunition, la outl" V 'x J&,v-JtekJS8&&&n 4&ft&& rfLofc&iiferMart-a affe .alBMIfe'vA.w j,. A-saisS c -,. TarW&jt..&fc.,,