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HERE'S the LATEST in FIRST AID METHODS TE recent perfection of the Schaefer, or prone pressure method, is prob ably tho" best discovery In the science of first aid, or resuscitation from suspended animation. In previous years many made unconscious by an electric shock, or asphyxiated by fumes of gas, were pronounced de.-.d after a hasty examination and no attempt at resuscitation. Consequently many cases of this kind were lost, owing to the in- Fia.l Zv?oj?A?rrcirv'sjf?rs's&7&r aw ability of the phvsirian and fellow work men to administer the proper treatment. With the development and practice of the prone pressure method, many of those lives can be saved. It is an un welcome fart that over ninety per cent of physicians and employees of electrical and manufacturing concerns are entirely ignorant of the prone pressure method. When the occasion demands it. they are utterly unable to give any assistance to the patients and much valuable time is wasted in awaiting one who understands the method. Therefore it is very im portant that the men who are employed at dangerous occupations, such as miners and linemen, be instructed in what to do if an accident does happen. Several men in every department of a company should be chosen to work upon the patient immediately after the acci dent has happened, a.-, time cannot be wasted in awaiting the arrival of a physi cian or a machine used for the purpose. The men should be drilled to have per fect team work, to act Instantaneously and to work with ceaseless energy for hours If necessary. Many a life lias been saved after three or four hours of hard work. The purpose of the prone pressure method is to induce artificial respiration. tig. z-EXPrxATatr, jtssszneE ow until the brain recovers it.- normal ac tions. In case of smothering or drown ing the blood rushes to the large vessels in the region of the abdomen which causes an anemia of the brain, which in tnrn causes an interference of the action of the heart. To restore the normal ac tion of the heart, artificial respiraiion must he adopted. With t ho returning regularity of the heart beats will come 'he gradual recovery of the functions of the drain. The prone pressure method consists in simply moving the body so that it will undergo the same actions it undergoes v.-hen the person Is breathing. This action will reduce the hlood in the abdominal vessels and cause the normal flow throughout the veins and gradually 'he hrain will resume its normal con ditions and the victim will lie restored t nsciousness. ""B LATEST Is Pneumatic SCENERY PNKI'.MATIC scenery and stage set tings ai- now being used in an en deavor to make them more realis tic and at the same tune conserve the portableness and convenience of the present type of flat and built up paper and wood forms. This is made of a rubberized fabric and so arranged that MOTORCYCLE THE uses for a motorcycle are un limited. They are used as pleasure vehicles, for delivering messages, packages and lately are developing into useful conveyances for heavy loads, as they are built more powerfully and with more endurance each succeeding year. The last word in usefulness is their adoption- by several European nations as conveyances for the wounded in hattl. IbBSLbbBbIbw fHBB xP'Jb iRt N. "y The DUMDUM Bullet as SEEN by the SINCE the outbreak of the European war. charges and counter .charges to the effect that the different armies are using the so-called "dumdum" bullets have been almost a daily occurrence. In a recent article Dr. Haydn Brown, of England, who as an army surgeon saw service on the battle field In former campaigns and has made a collection of dumdum bullets, de scribes the various kinds of these deadly missiles. To begin, the term dumdum may be applied to any bullet which does not make a clean passage through any part of the body it strikes, but expands, splits up Into several parts or "mush rooms." increasing the havoc wrought In l he wound and making a larger hole at the exit than at the entrance. The most common Kind of dumdum bullets are the soft-nosed type. These are used very exteuslvely by sportsmen in target practice because when they hit the protection shields at the ranges "they flatten out and fall harmlessly to the ground instead of jjenetr'ating tiie shield. Dr. Brown points out in this connec tion that owing to the fact that such bul lets are used extensively in time of peace by sportsmen, it is very likely that men of all armies are likely to have them in their possession while franc-tlreurs, or citizens who fire on the troops indiscrim inately, probably would be able to pur chase these bullets and use them, per haps unwittingly. Another very common type of the dumdum projectile is that i'u which the bullet is hollowed out at the free end. This type, like the soft-nosed kind, flat tens out or "mushrooms" on coining in contact with an object anil uf course in the case of hitting a human target goes tearing its way through the te-h. leav ing terribly lacerated wounds. The hol low typ,- is used a great deal in revolv ers or automatic pistols by sportsmen. A very cruel type of the dumdum bul let at short range is the conical shapeu kind. This bullet appears to be sharp ened to a very fine point. The reason it is so disastrous in its effect is because dis tribution of weight throws the bullet out of balance so that it goes wabbling through the air. To correct this form. it is necessary to increase the weight at the tip and decrease It at the base with out changing the shape or carrying power. The most deadly and cruel of all the dumdum bullets is the type which soldiers improvise while lying in the trenches. This kind Is made by notch lng an ordinary bullet across the nose with deep furrows. In nearly every in stance this notched bullet will split on hitting its target. Shrapnel shell also has a dumdum effect. Irregular in shape and rough at every point, the shrapnel most generally works with awful effect, producing a wound very similar to that of an ordi nary dumdum. It was the British troop in India that first brought into use the dumdum bul lets. In the petty wars on the northwest frontier of India British soldiers were often exposed to night attacks in camp by fanatic swordsmen known as Ghazis, or fighting dervishes, and it was found that the rush of men of this sort at close quarters was not to be stopped by the needle-like prick of the modern rifle bullet, and that it was absolutely neces- WHO the COSSACKS Arc Is CAUSE of Much M IOHK controversy has probablv arisen in regard to the origin of the name Cossack than in connec tion with any other word in the world-, languages. The name of Russia's fa mous soldiers has been variously de rived from words meaning, in distinct. languages, an arme,i man. a sabre, a rover, H goat, a promontory, a coat, a cassock, and a district in Circassia. liy it may he inflated quickly and moved about with ease. The idea has been worked out in reproducing trees upon thi stage, with the result that they appear very real from a short distance. A very large oak tree may be collapsed and packed in a small space, for shipment. Ambulances Now! A sidecar containing an ambulance stretcher is attached to the machine, said stretcher being removable so that t can be taken to any part of the field of battle. Much time is saved by using this conveyance as it can be driven many places that an automobile cannot penetrate, and as much more ground ran be covered in less time than a wagon or a corps of men afoot could do. " L, ... - K H 9 B HJ i . t B - M e 11 4 K B ' B BxV 4 HzSf "M b Bf a ft i I K V)POUS TY&E& OF MUSHGOOKMG" BULLETS, .,,,-... - Lr3tf4jLL.y TEFPVED SOET AOSL. ( POATTEJO V llii BULLET. J sary to make the bullet more effective in these 4ecial circumstances. This was dime by removing from the nose of tho bullet a small portion of the nickel man tle that covers it. The effect of this was to make the lead spread out from the diameter ot a lead pencil to that of the old-fashioned musket hall, and had a sufficiently stopping cfTert. The llri'-i-h troops, however, never used the bul lets anywhere except in the circum stances related The name dumdum is derived from the town of Dumdum, four and a half miles from Calcutta, where the bullets were first manufactured. Dumdum, which has been described as the Wool wich ot India, and was for a long time the headquarters of the llengal artillery, was. it is interesting to note, the center of the first open manifestation against some people Cossacks are held to be Tartars, and are regarded as such in more than one sense of the word by their enemies. Hut they usually claim to be pure Kusstan slock, and point proudly to the fact that they fought for Russia as far back as the tenth century, and were known as a powerful military confed eracy for hundreds of years later. There are really two mam type-- of Cossacks one known as the Little lin--sian.-. and the other ;us the Don Cos sacks, the latter being the better and more enlightened type. Itoth the Little Russians and the Don Cossacks, however, who together number about 1.8OO.O0U men. are born soldiers and splendid lighters. A certain number follow agri cultural pursuits, while in some of the isolated Cossack villages on the outposts of Russia. Central Asia and Caucasus they gain a livelihood by fishing. Every 0. K. for LIGHTNING Rods PEOPLE who have had the sad ex perience 0f having their houses or bains burned to the ground, caused by a bolt of lightning, and who had so called lightning rods . protect them, will naturally call all such rods a fraud. Hut two Canadian professors have come to the aid of the lightning rod by gather ing data of the number of buildings de stroyed, how many carried rods, and of how the rods were made and attached to the buildings. A large majority of the buildings How Aeroplane Aviators Signal THERE has been tried in France an apparatus for signaling from aeroplanes used in the war, con.-i-ting of a reservoir of lampblack, which is connected with a supply of compressed air. The aviator, by means of a valve within reach of his hand, can blow out a cloud of lampblack of a size varying according to the length of pressure of his hand upon the valve. These small clouds can he seen from a distance of six miles, and the movement of the aeroplane spaces them sufficiently to prevent them running together. By the use of the Morse code it is an easy matter to send signals In this way from an aeroplane, and in addition it saves the necessity of a wireless receiving station, which is often difficult to operate during a campaign. YOUNG Hens Lay 2-Yolk Eggs FROM time to time a chicken fancier finds an egg with a double yolk in his chicken house and regards it as a freak of nature. That such an egg is reasonably common has been discovered by scientific poulterers. Pullets new at laying, according to M. R. Curtis of the Maine Agricultural Experiment station, supply eggs with more than one yolk. About 20 per cent of the pullets, beginning to lay before the age of seven months, produce one or more eggs with a double yolk. Mature birds seldom produce the abnormal eggs, while no one bird ever lays more than a few of them. More than ,3.000 birds were under obser vation at the Maine station, but in six vears only three eggs of three yolks were laid wa greased cartridges in the Sepoy mutiny in 18.".7. It is pointed out. however, by F. C. Selous. the famous big-game hunter. whose knowledge of rifles and shooting is probably unequaled. that tho new thing, however, is sac rifieed by the Cos sacks in order tu be skillful swordsmen and horsemen. They are capable of doing anything In the saddle. Cowbojs. broncho, or cir cus riders are not in it with these amaz ing riders, and in peace times they amuse themselves by -nrli feats a- leap ing from tin- saddles while the horses are going at lull gallop, and then re mounting, springing from one horse to another, ruling double, snatching a man from tbe ground supposed to he wound ed, and picking up coins as they hang head downwards from tin' saddb whilo the horse i- traveling at full speed. The Cossacks, by reason of their mil itary prowess, have for centuries past lived r'ii land granted them by the Rus sian government as part payment for the military service required of them. They are liable for military service for life truck had no rods and the remainder, the protected buildings, carried the cheapest type of rod. The flourishing industry of manufacturing these rods has been crushed by the fraudulent agents who have put out an absolutely worth less lightning rod. In defense of the scientific fact that rods of the right con struction do protect buildings from thunderbolts, these professors have made their researches and have exposed the fake methods of tho concerns which operate not for the good of the public but for their own private interests. SCIENTIST pointed bullet, ltseir a uerman inven tion, and now for the first time em ployed in warfare in western Europe, in flicts at short ranges more grievous wounds than any form of soft-nosed ex panding bullet. These pointed bullets, it seems, are apt to turn sideways on striking a man or an animal at short range, with the result that although the hole caused by the entry of the bullet is small, round, and clan-cut, the skin is often torn open where they pass out on the other side. Mr. Selous relates how on several occa sions he has found one of these long, solid pointed bullets, absolutely unim paired in shape, lying broadside under &VJLA.ET MTM HOLE 0?LLON T TO WXXUC rWMROOniVG. the skin of an animal, through whose body it had torn a large lacerated wound. At long range, however, when ;he velocity of the bullet has slowed down, they do not cause such serious wounds. CONTROVERSY from the age of nineteen. They provide their own horses and equipment, and for i lie first two years are trained at their homes. Then they enter what is known .,- the "first category" regiment of their district, in which they nmaiu for fuur ;. ears. 1 j:..-p regiments are permanently em bodied ami may be employed in any part of the empire. The men then pass to the "second category" regiment for an other four e,irs. and to the third for a similar period. Finally there i- a period of five jears in the reserves, which fills casualties in time of war: but every Cos sack, up to any age, can be called out at a time of emergency to assist in the national defense. Railways in Great Britain kill in ac cidents for which the passenger is in no way responsible one passenger for every 72,000,000 carried, while those of the Vnited States kill one for every 4.900,000 passengers carried. -In one of the mines of South Africa KiO-horsepower is recovered by making use of the fall of water which is piped from a distance for various purposes in the mine. HOW Germans HOW the German army is able to han dle the tons and tons of ammunition which it is using in the great war is a mystery to laymen who are unacquaint ed with the loo ler cent efficiency of the Kaisers military machine. The "panier," or carrying basket, will give a hint as to how shells, powerful enough to wreck a great building, are carried without danger and in such a way that they are immediately available for service and may be transported from point to point with ease and dispatch. The panlers are skillfully constructed w icker cases, made to hold three thirteen-pound shells in separate tubeB. The baskets are so carefully woven that the shell fits Into them as neatly as Into the breech of the gun. A lid of sheet iron, which Is held in position by straps, keeps the shells from dropping out. A strong handle completes the outfit. In Cambodia and other parts ot Indo-China where the spread of the water hyacinth has seriously interfered with navigation of the rivers an effort has been made to solve the problem by endeavoring to find some use for the plant, and with this end in view chemists and students have been encouraged to investigate the problem. A French pro fessor named Perrot has extracted the fiber from the plant, and finds that after drying, preferably by a gradual process, it can be made Into a serviceable rope and twine, as well as coarse thread suitable for matting and sail cloth. SOLDIER May Carry HIS OWN Anesthetic THAT each soldier carry his own. anesthetic for use to deadcu pain in cac ho is, wounded in battle is one of the suggestions made by an English journal. The discovery of the anesthetic- was made by Professor Sehleich aim the description of it is as follows: "It consists of two parts of ethyl chloride, four parts of chloroform, and twelve parts of sulphuric ether. This mixture boils at a very low temperature; in fact, at the normal temperature of the human body. If at y one clasps a phial containing it in his let. for a few minutes It boils gently. .The patient in hales the vapor of the boiling liquid and quickly it produces freerium from pain then sleep. If the phial be held under bis nostrils so that he rnntinuei to inhale the vapor his sensory nerves aro blunted, he becomes anesthetized. "Professor Sehleich insisted that there is no danger in using the mixture. Its simplicity and harnilessness, there fore, he considered, recommend its use in war. "Each soldier could be provided easily with a small quantity of the liquid iu a suitable tube, which he could use for himself until he found himself in tb surgeon's hands. No overdose would bf possible, because the soldier would fall sleep first, and the tube would drop from his hand." Glass Eyes Arc Scarce GLASS eyes are getting scarcer and higher in price, wholesale dealers say, with no prospect of an in creased supply while the war continues. The authorities in the trade say that more than three hundred thousand peo ple in this country wear glass - and keep on buying them from time :) lime, as the eyes usually wear out within a year or two. New York i- t!;c renter of the trade in this country. Tin- wholesalers There .-ay tiiat all ot their imported eves are from Germany. The infporters also manufacture eyes iu New York, but all of the material used in making the eyes includes special qualities of clear and colored glass which are combined in the process of manufacture in order to imi tate as closely as possible the app . -ance of natural eyes. No shipment of eyes or material . r ees bus been received since ' .' began. The present supplv c- manu factured eyes, the whole-ab rs sa; ill last only a few months. Pumping by Explosions POII'INi. . it'T ' ovcli I" . or with an c i 1 o i i n pun be . method cniplovcd by i ie I.: i in government iu draining a lake at Mex, near Alexandra Wh n the plant is completed it will be the. large -t pump ing installation in the world. There will be eighteen pumps, each capable of a delivery of 1"". .'" gallon- of water per day, to a height ot" about twenty feet. The pump works automatic-ill;. t a rate of about ten explosions per I There are no pistons or othei moving parts, as in the common type ot water Pump. The water i- raised by the re sulting gas presure within ..n esplo sion chamber: the chamber is ti.en emptied of the product .. the burned gases, and the pext ciiaigi is com pressed for tiring b. tl incoming water. CARRY SHELLS TH wM ibu KUftiHEua -V BiHBMH Rtl hQtwc. MjlkjAMB, IIIUuh 11 t Gf?MW 3HLL C9SE DECEIUU