Evening star. [volume], June 18, 1892, Page 12, Image 12

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
AN ,INDIAN KITCHEN.
., a. Fodof ta 1Wa M.ni.
PRIMITIVE METHODS.
11101 1owr Was% Their Coaing Vrsolt.
ame Cmasqusetly Everythiug Uses a Mied
eU a" Taste-TkPy Appsetate Goed
hig.eg has nfthUe the Work.
HAVE SEEN RUN
dreds of meals prepared
in the Indian fashion by
the savages themselves
.-. during the lat twenty
years while traveling
between British Colum
- bin and Mexico, up and
-jr down the Rockies, but I
can my in all honesty
that I hare never seen
or smelled an Indian
stew or roast that I
wted to partake of in all my wandering."
aid a gentleman to a raS writer. "No. not
oea-that's not the reason at all. for I have
baen hungry enough. often, but the feet is sim
ply this: an Indian wants a great deal to eat
and wes littlk about the details of cooking.
while a white man is much more concerned
about the manner in which his meal is to be
served than be is about the quantity of it.
"A great dleal of nonsense has been written
about the depraved appetites of Indiana, what
musty measee of putrescent meat. &b and oil
tey make way with. and other like feasts; but
jst atop a moment. Go down to that restaU
mnt across the street from us and the chances
awe that if oun are not used to it I can order up
a dish of ifimburger cheese that will turn your
petite adrift or a plate of 'gamey' deer meat
wIIh ill drive you from the scene.
5)e3 PcCrLIAR TASTES.
"With the exception of rotten fish and roe
sepasts I have never smelled anythingworse than
the odor of a portion of that particular Dutch
cheese I have just referred to in any Indian
.peed that has been under my eves. An Indian.
aangely- enough. likes putrid fih. but he does
not relish ha. fiesh after that fashion or his
fowls; a distinctly rotten egg he never ests. but
=that are wei advanced toward hatching he
prefers: shell fish are always eaten fresh
by garages. and I know that if there was any
method not involving great care and labor by
which animal and 1h vils could be kept sweet
by their savage consumers these oils would be.
for they know and appreciate the diference
Joel as keen I' as we do in the case of Sweet or
rancid butter. Oil takes. the place of butter
with them; but though they know how to
wender the fats, and how to preserve the
Fraduct thereof so a4 to be sweet, yet the labor
as never undertaken. and the strong 1smell which
hangs over all the Indian kitchens is due to this
eat itself or its res idum in th-e unwashed
wooden or netal utensilA where it is kept.
TUET LIEE ENTRAILs or ALL EINDM.
"Inldians have a marked liking for the en
trails of all bird". beu.; andi fisher-these are
Te real glout morceaax; they pluck and singe
the feathers froum most of the land fowls and
shin ducks. geese and other water birds. skin
ae aai=mle and wcale all fiwhes which are dis
timsety scaled: no bird. animal or hsh is ever
wasted after these steps are taken by the squaws.
who either put the result of their rude dressing
into a stew kettle or spit it for roasting before
the coals or under the embers: they object to
washing the gane and t-b. saying that water
spoil it! They use nosalt in cooking or pepper;
as sices; no conhments whatever.
Indian in his daily search for food takes
most everythiug that he comes acroes and he
has quite a large variet, but when it comes out
ftm the kitchen the result is that it all tastes
about the same -venison today boiled in a
battle where fish were stewed yesterday, and a
geese goes into this kettle somorrow-in the
momtime the kettle has never been cleaned or
emptied fully of the leavings of Ihis day's re
mstere the materal for the next day's diner
Isrown into it! Naturally, this curious, shift
Ies -okig gives an inde-scribably fat and re
%"tS davor to everything that comes from
b t dy after day-at least, it is so de
ied by our palates. But the Indians are
ea4nsed-thev simpi esat to live, and the
of the table they count of less vaine
teawe of their labors in the cuisin.
TURT APPA3C ATE GooD COOKINoL
"ill Indians appreciate good cooking and
wes in the fell knowledge of aking a variety
at fest dishes which were very good. They
desatsod the making of gravies, thick soups
ad og bread and the baking of 16b and
ses to a term long. long before a white man
ever set foot on the American continent, but
te weoden dibmes. such as platters. birch bark
battles and spoons of nile or bass wood were
Venaly so charged with ancient odors as to
amh a disagreeable impression upon every
h that was served in them when offered to
the white visitors, and neutralized all the skill
f the squaw's culinary efforts. The fact was
Sdh wa-%in eas an undertaking much
~ ndweldeam thoroughly done in the
kitchen. and a rude scraping of the
b@eUs was about all that they ever got before
being recharged with a fresh supply of the saw
smtrial1 - I
"A small Ire ad a slow simmering, stewing
of inets and Ash. regetcbles and berries was
~.invatable feature sof lodge aires when the
* Arst louked in upon thema. The woodan
pas or kettle.. were liberally charged with meat
get into chunks and partially tilled with water
1whieh was made to boil by reason of hot stones
segulerly thrown in and taken out as they
eahid to make way for freshly heated derricks,
wih were kept in reserre among the embers
ot a steady a.
"As soon as the Iro, kettles of the white -e
wee shown to our Indiana the labor-vring
qeauaiis of three vessels were at once appreci
ated by Le, who made the utmost haste to poe
sam s Mr of them, Bunt he did not change
th remilt at all of his cooking. lie smmered
ad stewed everything as heretofore and failed
in was the irounpos The act of roasting and
bshin meaand vegetables inrolved a rest
melsore hmher for the squaw., and the slow
enly and espedittoes stew whereby enough for
a hegenmber of voracious feeders was as
lyprepared as If for only a few eaters
a masa sw became well established
M the ravages loug before white msen wee
hnewu to them,.
"hA Jadam, warrior or buck when at hoeae,or
when eews surround hian, never gives the
ts n tste to the bitches-not a blat or a
em hut takes whet the weoman or wo
ras of hisbe..ehold brn himn without a mar
me. Emt after these bc.have lived in com
beet with white mes they oftem cook at their
es lesides, the pattern set theme being too
L0etie, snce the white trappera and pioneers
ee ahlfal and particular sa the preparation
ot ther meals when they had the lisure.
s rna ean son Tan PeOTnac.
"I order that a sear idea of the mann=e='in
uW b h e ladiam kitchen wee -aae every
uhoe in thin ecintry ot ours before our civi
batm broke It up,1let us leok baek a little
mere than a esseury ad regard an Nadine
m home er ledge as it stood there en that
w here the asmaseis heohated today at the
' f the Potomace and the "lantern
bemeh. This ledge in the shelter et a member
of Peuhatan's bad, a hater, who, with his
Me er thes seaw, in or seveer ch~drs. and
mgse relatsve or two, has, ehdit for the
merhess, and who willi down in N.
wember ad raterm to the winter village of bin
met ndec tatheabBlay by for
Dinalamand aSs .
? the ... bsE 't . eavems
6 See t la gmt ofifein this
iyae' the imats, eiand yoamg, are all
g~m~onegag;but as the day epeus and the
~3veeme or tweof the saa srine.
he banewt they mp asy
in ey dawns ht nh
hem ofs to .he sqn fesa
hpet o the beay heaite or teaeser, est
B~a e as thyhdaied.
-eh hew maki'etee
hetnse as esA visnbais, the ge and
sestwmay a ereaas
e wo inbse n , a
of ef ~a pesth
ft~gm:... ..ne
IGlIb maies meemnU
an m. e-ms -s
I= s Ina en
"'h aIre is w wall ander way, and to ht
tle is either hung over is or passed on a stea
tripod, and an interval of twety =m. ea
lowger new cesse hedir. the cents begin t
seethe and ad the odor eo the anl
podrida spredb One et the sqw
now take up the bbirch ark waterpe
which she has emptied Ateo te
and go outto the sprmg.r the river for I
fresh supply. This 0 brought is ad furnishe
with a wooden. di . Another ito th
seafold is made. a ,m beset ot lrrisI
handful of dried inner pine bark I
and a little trencher of a quart or me of i
erous rancid fis or bear eS-eB1 these ar
brought in and deposited squat down an th
earth. close by the fire.
"The =ms in the kettle baying after half a
hour's stewing begun to how signs of totat die
integration, the kettle is taken from the Ar
and st down along=is of the easia or partlali
on them. Three or four wooden or harm spoom
are thrust into the contents and a India
breakfast is served. During the entire time c
prtion the squaws have not said a wo
te occupants of the l e, who have bo
sleeping all around this bekare A, so eles
some of them that their feet are almost in i1
have given no sign of awakening or anythin
else, beyond snoring, that betokened life. No
thas the Ntew is ready, the cooka my so in
bref declaration, which ca==e= most of th
family to roll over and lazily and eeatA
gather about the kettle and the ire.
VKELDIN TUs CILSUY.
plattes, upon which their mothers ldie out i
quan-ity of the sh stew, sprinkle a modieus
of the oil, and with this intheir hands the
either run outside of the lodgar sit dow
Indian fashion on their heels with their parent
arord the kettle. The elders dip into th
mes with these long-handled spoons aforessii
and, holding the bowl of this steel in hot]
hand they alternately blow upon its content
to cool the broth and gravy, what they can
not suck in they take up in their Ongers.ome
times a lodge baiing fifteen or twenty Inmate
will be short of spoons. Then one or two a
these useful vehicles will be passed from Indli
to Indian. each one sucking in turn of its cos
ten* or thrus ' his or her fingers into them
"'Tme solid of ash that come on
of this stew and the slips of dried pini
cabum are usuall dipped wit]
COOKING SREAKPAT.
the fingers of the eaters Into the panikin a
oil. All eat in this manner, and heartily with 4
great sound of soup sucking and reeate4 Gage
wiping on the hair and scanty clothes of th<
feed-n s. They all eat in silence. Hardly a worc
passes and by the lapse of half an hour the
have finished, all winding up with deep pulls i
the water pail and porcine grunts of satifaction
"The famil havng dispersed from breakfas
the squaws Z pthat kettle again with fish, i
they have it, or. not having it, with anythin4
else they have in their larder, set it on to stey
again, and when settled to the usual point thea
take it of and stand it up in its no-a place by
the fireplace. There it remains all day, ope
and free to every member of the lodge, and al
day long it is be' sampled first by one an
then the other, no more cooking is don
until toward eveningor sundown,when the hedm
of the lodge returns from the day's chase a
ishing. I hen, whatever he brings, be it flesh
fowl or fish, most likely it will be served up iH
that kettle just as breakfast was prepared, witi
the mine simple accompanimeate.
VEZ3SON Aan ra.
"But maybe one of the squaws takes a fame;
to roast a piece of venison or to roll a Anm S
in gra and green leaves, then to bake it i
the hot ashes and coals of a hard-wood Sra
She knows how to do this, and do it very well
but it makes hera great deal more work whm
she hai to prepare food in this fashion for #f
teen or twenty ravenous months. She think
about it, and if she thinks twice she use
resorts so the stew hettle.
"ouch in brief was the routine of an nisaw
kitchen vear in and year out, and it will be ob
served that the great bugbear of dish wmahin
never troubled Mrs. Lo. But freadom in thi
respect did not save the aboriginal woman from
far heavier burdens and tell than that eve
borne by her white sister.
"I thnk outaide of the buffao fease of on
red men that the only real unalloyed easu
that they ever took in eating was w the:
went at stated mis--on of the year for berris
and mute and when they were able to piek as
roeAt their green corn. These ocessien. wer
truly epicurean, as we understand it. and th
pleasure arose in their minds because there we
no kitchen work connected with the serving a
thse items."
DONT LIKE CoNimENTa.
Indians like the cooking of the whites E
every respect save the use of pepper, much sal
or picklee; they did not like our salt meat, be
a cornbeef hash is a great favorite. broad
when soft and warm. is highly relked, am
pastries and sweets of all hin's. Te and coe
they cared for very little, but acquired atedt
for rum rapidly. tsqpy it was out quickl
when first taken into their with alon
of great surprise and disgust, but when th
peculiar efect on their brains was anderstoo
they invariably beame earnest bga to
Iudians never had regular mesl hours; they
after rallying in the morning at breakfat, at
again whenever they felt hungry thereafter dar
ing the day, men, women and childree. If th
family- ketl becasme empidby the lack s
provision during the day thhney ember
of that lodge would goitoa negbrnos
if not far of, and freely helpthmr te.
'If the stores were exhantae in al
dretcs thn thefafrt of gal.
to bd superls ws 'nthing to
thema-it only served to stimulate them t
energetic hunting, and thay never referred t
hesbetamong th.....sves as being th
fault of any one that thsre was nothing to eat I
the horne bat rather regarded iteae somethin
that ought'to happen once in a while.
wrtten se The Eveutas sta.
- ofe Thy Lies."
"Out et thy lIfe,'' eoeld I Int mad
wher the wates of Letbe rsa,
lIke some pilgrm of old witheat diver er geld,
I would journey froma sea to eaa.
In quest of that fouat I bath not seem,
Yet fabled In soag ad prose,
Bat with waters as sweet ad limpd, I vein,
ha dew on the heartofta res.
3 would journey aided save by the aa,
Scarce pasing to break may fast,
O'ereemlag ani my progream berm,
I would drink ad gorges at las.
Oaward, faamisbed for itrE' swestem giae,
Ouward thess aradeen and gea,
In seerob of lathe, that piteeleam feed
per the som and S..tms.ot ma
W--ges-D. c. f. I. A.
A wenenrflse Set f s
Bee Tosk Dams JemmaL.
A rinakse set of shesman has just bas
e--pl-t-a by em Ame.rissa ---e-a Ta
pisems are mnde ot ilvered brene, and tI
parted of eetas and agqsalant is A. D. us
all the eharastee. being himer..i and em,
temaey. n4sritly aseate in every dets
of heraldie blasonry and eostre.
The knihasm ae in ehain-ual armor, wil
sisid, an, sword ad dgr. Their fur ea
have each the individeal baet o the me
The bihp a eee onnt with r
Thae ar e-temsi aai
men ae Iw the hinkh French. The El
- se ebart Wala, ere
et (meby, and Wi
ha f Ey;ad th hight e
Uhyand Moen of Weseester. Th1es
nea a.bo.. w..i.........,
tweih eteup and m se in 1.Euse
am. ha mm e.upUo a
AWhoWas *maqPo
Usg ad
NOVELTIES IN WAE
Frs& Moak of Doftya ERO.
I...t.a wa
MILITARY BALLOONS.
-ossens e 1s amar, nam Ar..es
'Iuens n m. --- ehe o ea se
wsmiiftlEtek Kasampasslvee-lwaysgVwar
- amasepea 1 s.
7 NORVM IT WAS,
f whether hains or Air
. Anris , that kept th
camntry oset war with
Chil, the fanure of .
- lght was a great disep
- pointmenttoexperts in
warfare an over the
- -- world, who vainly 01
fora coamot that will
.-~ aford some sort of test
at the value of monden
navl aad. military
aethods. There ha
been no battle om th On since the days of
a wooden battle ships, and ampid-Aring weapons,
I Ash torpedoes, high explosives, submarine do
troyers and other devices for soieutido and
a wholesale killing have had no chance for a pr5e
Meal triaL The United States government is tak
ingative I larly qf late intheline of
lleUzie and Christian nations are engaged
r with for the purpose of discovering more
k effective meansnout hostie armies
- And Seets. While basy olpowder.,
the chief object of which is to make the foe
I visible, the War Demartent has been keeping
I an eye upon the ' e grenades" that are
a now exciting aVention in England. They are
filled with chemical substances which, on ex
plosion, produce clouds of dense black smoke,
and are to be carried in advance by
skirmishers and thrown so as to conceal the
troops following. Not less novel and remark.
able are the illuminating bombs which are being
tested by the Italians. One of them cast among
the enemy at night will burst and imnediately
light up be darkness with a power of 100,000
candles.
One of the most extraordinary of new inven
tions in warfare is the French explosive called
"melinite," which is not only effective for rend
ing and destroying when thrown in a bomb,
but also serves a purpose similar to that of the
"atinkpots" of long ago. Those latter, sup
poed to have been originated by the Saracens
uuing the middle ages, were utilized as late as
the last century by the British, Frencb and
S6a4i01h Sme.ed among the enemy, they set
free volumes of poisonous and asphyxiating
gases. Melinite is only three times as werful
as gunpowder, but it has the great vantage
of belg entirely safe to handle. Its base is a
coal-tar product termed picric acid, and it has
about the consistency of molasses, being poured
into shells and hardening. The fumes liberated
by the bursting of one of these bombs are most
deadly. Not long ago, for the purpose of ex
periabent, a single one was fired at a vessel on
the deck of which had been placed a number of
sheep and goats. All of the animals not killed
by the fragments of the exploded shell were
os'ocated to death. One day a French work
man digging out of the ground a melinite bomb
that had been fired three days before was so
far overcome by the gaes which it still ex
haled as to be with difficulty restored.
wrever ENa Von TO St1a?.
The object of civilized warfare being not to
kill, but to disable and capture the adversary,it
has been suggested that shells, instead of being
loaded with destructive and deadly explosives,
should be filled with powerful though harmless
drug, which on bursting would spread a sleep
p ,dig vapor. Thus an entire ship's com
-: migt be plunged into involuntary slum
a ebomb, and in like manner whole
regiments and brigades could be forced to re
sign themselves to sudden and helpless repose
to be revived later by their humane captors.
The somniferous gas ought to have as nearly as
pouuible the same specific gravity as the atmo
sphere, so as to be reed in the latter and
gin clouds about enemy, neither rising
in air nor falling to the ground.
High explosives, hitherto untried in either
military or naval contests, will play a large and
important part in the warfare of the future.
The most werful at present known is "ex
r plosive ; =," being fifteen times as strong
as gunpowder. It is node by dissolving gun
cetton in nitro-glyearine, the hay
ing the consistency of honey. U tnly i
is very nsfe stuff to use In battle, because a
bullet t init will set it of by concussion.
No explosive isgood for fighting purposes that
ea be touched of by shock or otberise than
by actual contact with fire. A novel kind of
bomb is Alled with what the inventor cals
"helhits." The two chemical ingredients,
a biaitro-bensole and nitric acid, are in separate
lssvessels, which are broken when the shot
ired, their contents being mixed together by
the rai revolution of the shell and exploded
by a fuse. Wonderful accounts are given
t the havoc ereated by the bursting of pro
' jsctiles of this description. Up to the present
' time no method of throwing high-power ex
F = vas from guns by means of gunpowder has
proved successful although one scientife
* gentlea n has wasted 63000 of Uncle sm',
pmoney in experiments, which only resulted in
r bursting maany valuable cannon. However
trials that are being oeduoted under govern
eat asices with a new mixture termed
*"emmensilo" seem likely to solve this problem.
Until now orpnemati gun have bess
El maeha- for use inwrhaveegae
' no attention of late on the part of inven
Stors. Mai, the deinrof the famous gun,
- emain to have produe one which can be con
I roled H declares that he een Ill his aerial
F car with explosives and hover in it over the city
of London, holding that great merplsat
a ransom to the extent ofa mnany mie of
a pounds as he chooses tmaantton. Thus sit.
S usted he can announce his terms by dropping
I nhishmtumof'chorra! " i
eantrivance is a cylinder of aluminum contain
lng three-fourthe vacuum, its collapseben
prevented by strong riba humde. Itia rple
and steered byelectric gear, and is frhrsue
tadned and be==noe by the wing. of a great
asropaisa, with an automatic arrageen of a
Immd hael bekt h ol tal when I
tendisto vary therefrom.
naxeoome von wnn.
The War Dsepareent has been recently con
dusting experiments with balloons for militar
purposse. It wiBl exhibit at the Colamblan ex
position one of ite new "balloon trains," eon.
sisting of three wao.One of the wagona
earries a balloncke in a basket, while the
ether two esavey c1nescharged with hydro.
, itis taken est ofthe basket,'connete
with one er more of the c~lindera, ad isred
to akhe the ascent in fifteen minutes. Ite
tahas a elevation et 2,000 fset, re-m-ining at.
tashed to the earth by awire rope,thog
which a coprwire runs. The sopaperwi
se-n-sts a tlpnein the balloen car with
lameheron the sod~ that dire.t
is amaindesired, the
a telpheme wise'lmay be eonti==sd to the head.
Sqarisofw emmWu e neme
ear -a overlook the poiinand ifitreeh
Smet et the eay, bigat a sege distan.a
- tem the hostile Muss. Uktbmaps they ca.
* sen dwn msneeofthe whreps.Aph
Seameras, w coemid be werhed ..to....B
fhos as grmd. would be ellowed
drit oer heforann ofthe fee,each es
~ eIa mciss ot piseres of whatever ws be.
the sesme of wrmthe heeet ad es
wepe e this et is tes invaatiu
et Mr. t siad en a pvet and I
~edent~r eynm naue, who peib thu
tawhaterer e
ud~s No hsas to a, hes.
am ta e adr h
Qa a
is he-se - si as to he asy. ese
mash sbangier ese. A 1H.en esh WS
It. swag. see fis U s&whhaa.
ftha it is s afterit has ht umbee
-f arojeettl s, 0.Ai b-a i- aseeige
.t t Ob i saad of eotts 'Od"nsk
aht 4 e het @B, witheet
the poder sad projoctis, ech estY
more. atee. budred and Ayft delhis a pep
I a deal to pay. 'It is tras that wham a
f=1m seak a weepem hit. asythig the
latter is likel Ie es1ricy aete& One e
al Wwitha110M Sun amnt the pWe
= fLougl 2inches ao steel, 8 inebs*
of wrought rcmn feet ot eid Go SGeet at
te,1 feet of eneree and f of briek
of @A the reat. The sein ergy et the
emieal ballet =ntmed to "4. foot tOrA,
whik wa quivls the power to
lft A giat ships at the szeof the sea=r==t
of New York 1 foot out of water. It wil be re
membered that the fsinous "jubilee shot," Aed
from a shmilhrgun an theocemnlo of the quee's
jubilee, fel at a distance of 13 mles, attaining
at the highest part ot its trajectory an elevatlas
of 4 mies.
NAN-& CALKDUm ams. ,
It is a remarkable fact that the caliber of the
riAes suppled to the armies of Europe has
diminiaed within the last four years from
4-100 to W1-9 of an inch. Several very inter
olng resUlts are acompllshed by this change.
O1 With, owing to the less resistance op
the air to the smaller bullets the
straighter ad the marksman can use his sight
for point-blank rane up to 500 yards.
Improvement in accuracy Is very great and the
velocity of the projectile is so far increased that,
the latest pattern of weapon will kill a man at a
distance of three mile. So much geater is
the etrati power of the smaller bullet
that Itwil go the bodies of four men
in a row when fred from a distance of one mile.
This was ascertained by the French, who for
the purpose of accurate experiment, stood up
four dead men in a line and practiced upon
them. Another advantage of the new departure
is that one soldier can carry as many m 160
rounds of cartridges. Last, but not least, the
smaller bullets are much more humane for use
in war. Individuals wounded by them, if not
killed outright, are likely to recover. During
the late civil conflict in Chile an excellent op
portunitv was afforded for comparing the rela
tvely slight injuries inficted by the new
fashioned projeciss when contrasted with the
wounds caused by bullets of the old size.
Modern warfare is at the same time more
humane and more cruel than any style of ight
ing adopted among nations in times past. It
stopent nothing that will injure or destroy the
enemy. During the rebellion when the south
began to use torpedoes there was a cry of pro
test throughout the north. It was said that
such an abominable me hod of killing men was
not consistent with the laws of war recognized
by civilized peoples. Nevertheless it was not
long before the north adopted and employed
torpedoes extensively. Up to the present time
explosive bullets have been distinctly set down
as being beyond the e of recognition by civ
ilized belligerents. Te very notion of firing a
shot into thesbody of an antagonist that would
burst and tear him all to pieces was regarded as
horrible and barbarous to the point of savagery.
But now, forsooth, such sentimental views are
put aside altogether,and in the next war ietween
great and Christian powers explosive bullets
are to be a c6mnion form of projectile, not
fired singly,but discharged into the ranks of the
fee in streams. At the same time bombs filled
vith diabolical combinations of chemicals many
times as powerful as gunpowder will rend whole
regiments limb from limb, while those who
may happen to escape the dying fragments will
be smothered to death by poisonous fume. A
eommodore in the United States navy said to
the writer yesterday that only two means of
destruction were regarded as impossible in
war-namnely, poisoned bullets and the poison
ing of wells. Surely it will not be long before
the prejudice against even these will have van
ished.
TOAPZDOES AND TORPEDo nOATs.
One of the most astonishing inventions of
modern times is a new torpedo boat now under
going trial at Detroit under the eyes of govern
ment expert.. It fairly realizes the design of
the imaginary Nautilus created by.the fancy of
Jules Verne. In fact photographs of the craft
as it lies on the surface of the water and nearly
submerged strikingly resemble the pictures of
the submarine boat iwhich illustrate the ro
mance of the French author. - It is cigar
shaped, pointed at both ends, and has a small
dome-like turret on top, through a glass in
which the steersman looks along the level of the
waves. While running thus the twin screws are
driven by a steam engine. When the vessel
wishes to sink the little smokestack is unshipped
and down the cigar boat goes beneath the water,
which closes over it while it pursues its way at
a depth of ten feet or more. It can stay under
for half an hour comfortably, the supply of air
suficing for that length of time. While it is
submerged the screws are run by batteries in
which electricity is stored by the steam engine.
The Interior is lighted by electricity.
A new kind of automatic torpedo, which does
not earry men is called the "Victoria," and
has been receni offered to the Brilish govern
ment. It. motive power is compressed air,
contained within it, and it is steered and con
trolled by means of an electric wire from shore.
It moves beneath the water, aprcing the
object of its hostility unseen. Iflthe operator
wishes to see just where it is on its course he
toues a button and it jumps out of the waves
like a dolphin. The torpedo most favored by
the Navy Dpartment here is the invention of
Capt. ow. U. S. N. It is worked on the
principle of the gyroscope, having a wheel,
which is spun up to a tremendous rate of speed
before the torpedo is discharged from the gun.
Owing to thi device it maintains a perfectly
straight course. The trouble with the cele
brated Whitehead torpedo is that it is hard to
guide and is very apt to go croshed. If it
strikes the object aimed at, however, some
thi Is sure to happen inmediately. On
Api12, 1891, the Chilean Insurgent battle ship
Ulno Encalada steamed into the harbor of
Valparaiso far the uroeof doing some dam
age. After accomplsigthis object to a con
siderable extent hecame to anchor for the
night, not taking the trouble to put out her
torpedo nets or even to keep a good watch.
Presently along camne two torpedo boats, the
Almirante Lynch and the Almirante Condell,
belongngto the other side in the war, and they
fired hafa dozen Whitehead torpdere
aembling so many big steel fish, at he Rinco
Encalada. One or two of the torpedoes hit the
ship, and the latter was blown up, with ra
loss of life. But this is not deemed a godtest
of the effectiveness of torpedoes In warfare,
o to the fact that she was an old-fashioned
w eraft.It is very doubtful whether
such a torpedo would sink a man-of-war of the
modern type, provided with separate water
tight compsrtmsnts.
nana iN FUTUBE NAvAL nATTLEs.
Naval authorities assert that rams will be the
amost efoective weapons in the naval comMets of
the future. In the building of every battle
ship nowadays much attention is given to mak
ing the stem as powerful as possible In order
that eh nmay ram an adversary efoectively.
Methods of conflict on the sea are reverting,
eeriosly enough, to those practiced 3,000 years
aowhen Bome was mistress of the waves.
Thnvessels of war were poeldby/two or
three banks of oars; now thyare driven by
two or three screws. Te, as now, the
most dedy blow was struck with
a ram. Te, as now, the coin
meanding offier stood in a "conigtower"
directing the movemeuta of the siissuing
orders for the launehing of men gins the
eeasmand at te ritical amment "giigthe
esive the pwrof a modern rmag ie a
w 6 toas drvnat a speed of
nit,~ The force of thi~eane atao
Ibymm.1 .the mesms Into thto
-the vlet. Twnscrewshepuiksern
se much taveesse is hardt
1kib, but practises In ti etmaneuver
is ebtained by iu~a fe~r. with twin
- rei-mh w with weB-padded bows,
rush at each other and fight as mie. de with
The me man-'-ma's -a is ather a
sldisr and usmi than a ar. A battls
shiparries Oa lls. ~It has oniye
he"military ame," wihtwo
ra gd- aiuns he einedmy,
aja s thne dmye
eselis-se
the a4 sP~Thmeanormossiet
an f verman immsee esm
tain~r poine rel
Reald 90ste oee Neesed ha
-. to..r.w the h..ber er New s-a..
he wea
I ~ted~t.Ib
1 be Uft ima with mof A-ftm
idems a . Anmer asseed des i 6
' ses - thiephesed. Thee
see M-r-- cna at how and *9
efte at to stern, mah 1a et a ma
whme soe dut is to beep histremM
pebiasd asthe -s's OeNK. MW
eseanes-- by wise wite a dubs us
assm m b t &dprse dies o
.dver.r5,,....7....==-s ..u~n dsee.
direst the h Sadlpg of the gun aeeo ,m
Dow wnetr s
smkeepowde awe rpdy.me
universal adepties. Theyare expecte tbe
espeslaly advantag m In naval msiuss,
mbling the captain of a h 1t0 e s
enemy we in view maneuver = % Q
wantage, judge of A moent to mas
his ram and see tha goine to avoid
them. Such dersare made ia I swi s
,being out is the farm at sheut
ie maps, which are ea ret late long
square trj@ and dually into t eubes. The
very latet thing in the way of a defsesiwe
armor is a lyrof aconut tbr and grau
lated cocoanut husks inie es ue am of a
vessel. A Danish cruiser the BEkli, wa
tixed up in this manner and a big shot was
1red edean through her below ts water line.
The layer of woody stff closed up baAnd the
great bulletso that scarcely any water en
tered. A fairly sucesssful trial was made the
other day on thame dass at Nrfolk, Va.. a
shot being fred through a task wilk such a
lining
In Bulwer's novel entitled " Coming
Rae" the strnge pe aesUing themseve the
Ti-Ya were repres ose ssiDg such
tremendous mea. of d.esu: o cotolabl*
b the merest infant, that they never thought
making war among themselves, since to do
so would have signified univerm salhlaton.
One i tempted to imagine that some such state
of affairs upstactually arise inthe world beftre
very long. nations will no lnges, dre to
fight becaue of the JrfuI power at their
own wespoen. When eannot come within
sight of one another without being literallywied
out en masse,when submarine boats have aln bat
tle ships at their meroy,whenairships can hover
over fortsications and cities and reduce them
to ruins by dropping explosives, there will be
nothing for the huan race to do butot abandon
for good the great and noble institution called
war. Then in truth the much-looked for mil
lennium wil have arrived. Rams Rac=
A FLOOD OF FKE.
Reief lNeeded er the sumabres at oil City
and Titesile.
It has already been announced that Mr. Pred
erick L. Moore, the treasurer of the fund con
tributed for the relet of the sufferers along the
Chesapeake and Ohio canal several years agd,
had decided to turn over the balance of that
fund to the relief committee in the oil regios.
The terrible disaster which fel upon the people
of Oil City, Titusville and vicinity has aroused
general sympathy throughout the country. I
Contributions have been sent in and while the
citizens there are bravely attempting to meet
the emergency unaided, yet it is known that
help from the outside would be more than wel- a
come. Tza STAn will take charge of contribu
tions and see that they reach the proper authorl
ties. The following letter received by Mr.
Moore during the past week from Mr.
J. IL Campbell, one of the leading citizens of I
Oil City, Pa., gives a graphic view of the it- I
ation:
Your telegram, just received, was a cheery
light of sympathy in the midst of our gloom.
Since last Sunday morning we have been too
busy buging the dead, feeding the hungry,
clotng ne naked and finding roofs for the
homeless to fully appreciate the extent of our
disaster. No specific appeal has been smde by
our cities to the country, for heretofore the oil
region has taken care of itself in its many mis
fortunes and responded liberally to all outide
call. But this casualty came upon as when a
long riod of low prices for our counodity
had ned the resources qf our wealthiest, and
we must have liberal aeistance for the desti
tute homeless ones, not only for imm=edias
needs, but to carry them untdl self sustaining.
Philadelphia, Pittsburg and Erie have al sent
money and committees of investigation, and,
impressed with our noeds, have returned home
to raise further funds. I wired you lyte the
situation and will mail you newspaper with
local details, but the hal cannot be told nor a
forecast be made of the poverty, siekness and
deaths that will be caused by the catastrophe.
Titusville, about eighteen miles north of ol
City, on Onl creek, is mite amauatr
an oil-refining pint h of the work
ing ple were scattered over the fat lands
b-o ring the creek. Rowe of pretty little
houses, with their gardens and surroundinga, 1
extended for nearl a mile. 9
An immense of rain (somme my a elond
burst) near the top of the water shed some
twenty miles away tore away several das and
the liberated waters repeated the Johnstowndis
aster. Tanks at the refineries were lfted from
their foundations and their contents, almost in
stantly fired, were carried in immmen ames in
every direction. In the little time that had
elapsed between the first rush of water and the
awful dame many had been rescued and Oar
ried to the higher lands. You may imagine the
fate of those remaining in their houses. They
were licked up, almost literally, and their
charred and disfgured bodies were only eaved
from utter cremation by sinking under the
water.
The game story almost Is to be teld t Oil
City. We were tulating cravsthet
h lood had re t height, w the fou
dation was washed out from under a tank con
taining 17.000 barrels of bensine at a refnery 1
about a mile above us. The swift current car
ried it rapidl olng, churnin the volatile Auid
nearly simultaneousy Houses wr
down and mn, women and children thrown
Into the water or burned to death In s In=ta.
At one point, where a narrow road runa ander
a high bluff and the channel was close to shore,
mny ae tators had gathered and others were
ryg hep the submergedadnts. Inan
instant the sir was fullo flame and but few
eesped alive. Our firemsen worked nobly, but
oudnot help the submnerged. They prewented
the tread pf flames on dry lend. C
We had a wellorganised relief --ssocian,
composed of our best citisens. They at eose
opned rooms and con ced to oas tfr the
Our hoejaa .asscitin has besn for amots
hoa eanttd i upwithcoe
A&.. and at noon the.next day had It filled wt
patients. Doctors and nurses ten
5 nale servie and soothed the agonise of
the suffering and c1l=g-d the eyse of the
-baltary matters hae bees looked after b
an ecient board .of health. As seen asth
upiers subsided the debris was toogl
r===Ad ad many bodies-taken out.Toa
the entire city is in Aist-rate sanitary
for which we hae bees
bythtatives of tat of:
helha h overnor of the stats, who hae
bess with us inper-a ApTitasyille theuam
action bus beestn , eg ei f east--trust
isto the country to hepus out. We asdms
atwill00 bereuie to pay the
bills so incurred and in hldgthe peer to a
sef-usai h aittisi tetwo aitis
and the ntr ealgiteen milas. So tar net
ever 0160,666ha provided. If ye u
de for us aogyear it will
received adand jadi
---bins houses and better ohm... et ~
dences wets not affected by eithsr fue or goed,
but sme of ow rgestmnaseiries wee4
either destroyed or dmnsdthuadinsg to
owr lead the eare of many tusprowidest am
plae ita a aoedaeltds
I es itheids yo afneedilbs e
ad -ehaea theeten t
~eiaswhomIght Es sd waikte
IMegs sbse wOm gagasgms
A1eSy. Andetisl eew et
. end as sn -n e wnam e
Urmen se inem~SluasresCegee
eqa es b nue Q esser e
Ureehedm a O Sbserpa~ms
i SOLDIER HERKIT.
ing the Lifeof a lainmi
UET1ED FROM THE WOBL.
'he emmeerse a Broom" 1sa.
- A o9 he st..
=mn sv inthe Uema end G1 Wae
-5gm oe et. Pasemal Cbmntestes.
IONX 1 A GIEAT
emy; pastieay a her
mIts d the ,reus et
as ais'mncapial; mv
Ing a ue of esofort
and cntentment, but a
life of sio and e
ofh"" Vetiremt."
sea Was the -aswe
given In reply to &a In
quiry a few days pst
regarding the welfare
and wherenabout at
Major Genea AUred
'%'m.fntom, whose se and fame a few yeas
go were on the lips of nine-teath. of the Amer
mR people, and the records of whose exploits
a em o the gretest avalky ladte of our Iate
par would fl volumes of graphic history. Ap
mraMtly in the ful possession of an his mental
= mdwith no serious ams,
o s a soldier o gr wes
ad explorer nearly fiftyT years ago at tse then
mondomain of our great mes ter sri
Dry-eun Indian figter of greet renown, a
aveler whose face and figu wee at oe time
ell known in every court of an the great
owers of the old world, a scholar, boa vivant,
eit and mast copeniomble or an the agree.
b p'ublic men of his day-voluntarily betook
de to Mi private apartments in a sag
ittle hotel in the very hea6 of Washington on
he 15th day of Kay, IO, and has not mince
en seen by r talked with, all told, mare than
daen of h fellow beings. And wt two or
hree riceptions those who bave seen or talk.d
nith him since that dafta bare bees of thoe
ucseary to kim in administeing to kis per
awul wants.
SOON COMPANION5.
Years ago an Irishman amed Greason, a ma
f peculiar temperament W well as of quser
bysical build, opened a hotel and restaurant at
he Corner of Mb ad E streets neLhwest.
Wen. Pleasanton was a favored guest, or
stron who besides eating and drinking,
i tdgin with "Oul Greases," as he
ris inthebaIt or Calling himself And ft
mas through a combination of the afforts of
bat sty arted pair that the exclusive
is of the dainty litle old-fsimd hostelrie
m. kept up i o thoe days. -0.M Gremo."
ad a way of making ayone he or
Am* aoswae be did not desia fed
dos '% was or weoe ome th a kin
elince," and the general had kis own mma
ler of demnsra-n a social **eeee
at" that was equaly a efective. Bat there
RAs One thing beside the eating and. drinking
hy had in oammas each with other end
hat was hare, the love of the hares. If there
sanything ta" the old cfaarmn did isoe
now about a hose it was eriyc h
at worth knowing, and If there wee onethn
have all others that the old Irihman -
lanself om it was his tharoughbred trotter, the
set and the best kept sad best eqipdreed
.e in th Di.trict of Col.oa- di
eased horse adairs by the hour and told and
otold horse tales bte day, week and moath.
No @"wsad had thndopdout 'fltis
hereint he er did "a *e:m u n
Wide out afthe stream of faneb.s.
odr A e life, wherea he had Geated
ad sailed from the days of his cadetsiopa
West PO. down to the per2odaoa his fesrly
socfinin with kin fellowiem eamr7 C
long swimmingly together A maoeTI
Wlos familiar sights out on de 14th atest read
a thase days wea Greasea's sisek and easa top
may, in which he drove a bright hay
rotter ase esek and CAma. otemims
withhis chuma, thegenealat kin s. There.
pa a arked otast betwees t two-the
-ueral being sin of buid. eret an
Iways soldierly in every agtgoe,
empnh Wee thick set, humhac with a
quattNo atitde hi ahntrown fowar so
hat hig short fat neck Ire down against kin
soad chst in the usely poa Oto
s-you-please. Both were an Inc or two
eaverage hegt.Ti c ."alshi a
-a died and th general fell into ae==..
sat the "Gvao m and in te
.w-.llngsm. smafl-wiadowed, southwest third
oeof ceases, ththe erishbmself to
-a aasnitm.
Years peesed after old ma Geeseon's d~ea
earssof .d...-ert asi- privalos for th gea
sal. There wa bMl pending i Csemges to
e muh as thtMcsntonwe i u at the
mnde of the esatry ha had servee fa ith
a117 Be had bees a ume eea eism
had is ee avalry
.any esme oto Eght edsve hattie of
when ut and patriotim a e hin pree
f"aa.r hka h a...~ we...s..
seant and &d ata f~e Nyhatil he
Sin r e to that most remrhe gg
'tudat, "Old leeh," was eedy
"the end m ar. him
if brvt n rm th..h . thee
ad bai, ea eetdwt moe a
seeerasmeseemLtesm
estermiss Qir h easerm Q e ik tw
bnas poee albS e dsisteleOW
m"l - . b mn
hewing been ste t -fob -m et 40 s
0* stoWAu M 1-1
hem 6b MWm sonny . UK Wa-"0
beae iyI s ee
= ma . A., Oaleatn 1 Of
' lb s er. T u 1e 4 W" 0"
Mak o lo. bis hbeet he bad
hr hetmt, o me)., gsihml "dn
ervs ut .e wetam. 60 hate
si.k hewmeISe carviesat the b ew
e, d1.ebeat mea J bay a . e
Bes~m blot Iaem- Oa "no doer
er y . s=4 A., to dar)obus wiel
car, 18i6 ' er OgulsAt Of a dW Ofrseim servce
mlrenop e. Pres ine Mem.
ea eet .A., "fthm etmmd mArttdaom
At baotte at Ar."eam, " 4at from
1S7.k i 11t1h." of ab@elel U. L A.. "foe
la th d modr 'mrserriage at lboatte of
t i o4"fome July . M." of
buivadi thee U.fL A., to datba o e
during the camp.ina ht ter h
forhes meee lb rnd e Ge .. n.al A.
ad of Nowfederael, U. & A..ean the
fa "fr gallant d mertes gdrIes In
sh alt during e war."
@tb ta reb ouan or bole meta hof b e
in the mirry enm11sae ebahbioy rihder it
te W rqis a ad dow and obWic
ntemied ep oay havi s
paIaer to bwe o. my 016Mgstreet, co
ande during lb heatow o at has
dams for som unknown veamoax be am
e his dy ndeati to
Maitry Acadmy_.tA= hi. ibema
he.weGe.GaS *G. Jabal A.
Ealy of eamfeat fame , a nown tbe ow
mow as "taft Ratty - Ow lbe very good -eaI
that WWIe he wea aways arlyervdy he loeaee
hats an brol aldl age otfuseiosa bestor
fe any. laesa h mrn, teler upr
ane imaie othaem when a certels d=
In l at.1l a t mi. ldeoubarbi
at guiltau oftef eptet Ya am
poran fctr is ar to effed
bestociuseasth aed pture at dol "aptal
The toontr, has Use. Jia hLomogtreet, eam
manly cown ee bFt" th d Gem f dobwihai
glam and Gem. Hecrous, wbo Un a ir.
maia wben Plento wee a l 6ea.
need to tench him metbgematim as well a
sant of Othyer of has day end d e1t,6 ta
ny of whom have, elo! pyrigd away, b
wo peal a nde will always ev rte Ot
beatsr thel rpae t p ogs a Ametican beslat
huoo nd erou sotios.Bt!i
Ges. Plasa.to ene i r whiner toP
aned hrig PS with eoth, bet hbeleas heb
mot galilea ot the at erlbf i Teav ger
beoore lb now femillar ozeleminan "GroW
hoet" dotted the columns of lb saoperena o!
le ooun o, he uea it as hig most freajuon
etpran o th esproeion of a meaningtm
wrally conveyed by lbe um ao downright 91
grity and ofan Ht ws u hdeam be in
etr of t odve pise, qoed by t
woner rol campaign os Gem. 8et in xo,
ad itisa pity. iah~ ht he aid net fie a
veat to eahter t hr have atcopyrighted for his
own especial mwe and beagalt At any raft. it
Waa erved lb pmrpoee lbouands of m hoe. ia
rotat otlrys of giving vt 6o botl
andn arieous eaoto bat hea
('lsr's Gboet." Wham hewul. at hiege thogg
word. throgh his teeth, albeit his vows "I
t and plbeassiat to the eae or hI. Wnners
he convey. am improd of earmi
~ndkogwtiomo Surprise #Mat do not
h other Gvehett and Pinmito
eNptosi. With big eyese. o med. with
iaygu botr caonet aor deeral, M who Ive-r
feature, with his dainty little ge. l
lbadr, so to e , W his d d an.n
thrown uh, above hi. head, combined wit
lb pemuia mvomn mnotons at i. body, the
me who haur fI utor atemn at -
eboimshof of his thoughts and -
go i ocabulary of vituperetin bohoehntd l"itta a nyam bee"d
lsbmubject Juoioe," bAd t he he noIhte
lbolbd yemo wheannte blm-glancemam
aotity, he i at overweeedea
- 1eedulo 4h ehelam, asm "orea SetS
no, are. I - not bt ma. NO, the. de0 in
my brothe, a mieitia major gnoeal, who e
[n Philadelphia. Gneat Cue..'. ghetman
watM do you Wa m far? Who do you
ms? Gra r@'g g hot ; no. ir!"
And them, If h" humor is inclined Gtha
e wller hcto thintea tream of =
emefthe "bemr andeh n iovokidn
itmetion be wd eibjeoyed to It t t
odd year. go, when lb blue-gl r
wee at itp height elt over lb hem eave and
.lmioe Peol. r -e he amint
knw oo* bot blue glgis bnlb. te boo
l pon. lb rea man, who B ramnp" aea
atudes during lbe war. Conatus" 'un! Mm
Cbrod , mcuenrgbai; etht w
And w hb to "wetws beer a atomma
lbarmly "aware in radaMnW"b haGU 1oMlm
moba, his sleped Mal more dooalvely. In dab
bbetief hse ecemriy grow eot of a
r -P- plwl-m10 nmewhc
beea othw.gr ita-.--atmringsam
meadinrry oowihe egmLae TO 110ente1
maning. let me explain hat - bine Mdd of a
pri "bow, o remeatt feadier atee
Tbe Sde in Nspae... .r i N.
we Jimee printed h ie Opmead t at
ghread about lb agoe be h a e
med. Nothing delhth==om* bthe ln $a %%l
abut lb Omer of that rmaable gm
TN B o ite gra alae ine er is fgemn
.aity with even lb glmi detW.l. e am.-.d
with i. In... a..r g e ..., ... verml.e.
in-=ate- bapolehos atiet tHelI weesedl
i.aeeae madbt.e lb..-.-. we...
...mqu.oe.e.d..,..rfe.n o..i
woyM e haing.,n aetie meend be e
meEa atdee r. D.W to hiad el
diseg as threo pe ed ereeted
es 'Wed ' i aeIse hewe Inel
chmkr h a reemd ogt mmm ei
rBemde, o esotedt reard.
eras ,b "ma. of lb hat prompte.
him. Hne h igh alaf een a pn e- e
had a horroay lbt has int ngtebasmehr
an vdehinpigd eyaegdare a
beean -m--ad iprt, a is eeeysd
ue, hre he denywa embg b
socatetr asehdmmate of Me. Ie
who eem eve f. ri 1g mb he a sem
bler manlsetwses a punch.samm
mur m ser alb tra ed l
de~~ am be. i e aw,ima
. am ob o 6 aVS O
- n e e 4 msa lseb g
s ma. Ww a.
bl wm -t bon~bb
meqe ~ ..m.a .
eke, b labs eenDse n em
and bs se- hind of en me
SSeeumlr demeesse b e abus et SONs
meephe mbe n
Am m4n aM gmi, m rue emese
saw,~ ~ MAe, ma~m =Aas T=etew
fAr Im. 0h Ebing. sah eut
elve a.e m b be t o
mea~ r he . et anitm haver be a
e mmisW a- bkerw adtoe as a es
er mao" aor *a Iftw be a pm a wat
dee oew, t. br. m bae ma a teo*
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