Evening star. [volume], August 09, 1901, Page 8, Image 8

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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STORE CLOSES
EVENINGS AT 3 O'CLOCK.
SATURDAYS, 9.
::
LANSBURdH
& BROTHER.
REMEMBER,
WE SELL DRY GOODS
ONLY.
Prices Reach Their Lowest Level on
I
?
|
I
?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Men
faints.
Every shirt goes without reserve at about cost of materials. A
sweeping reduction sale that will make a complete clearance in a
day. Be prompt in order to get a first choice. Here are a few
hints:
Lot 11.
Men's Fine Woven Madras Shirts, all
this season's patterns, that
sold up to 9Sc., now a>Trk.
Lot 3.
Men's Fine Neglige Shirts, with two
separate collars. good styles.
that sold up to $1.25, now..
Lot 2.
Men's Best Madras and Pereale
Shirts, In black and whites, nobby
stripes, that sold up to A/TlL,
$1.25, now ?VC.
Lot 4.
Every ?9c. and 60c. Neglige Shirt
that Is left In our stock, 'IfTftr*
now oJVC#
* *
* *
:
A Sale Without Precedent in
Boys' Cloth I rag Depart meet |
; ^ Until September i a discount of 20% on all Woolen Suits. |
Boys' Clothing Department, 3d Floor.
Our ft.25 White
D u e k nnd P i ?i u e
Klouse Suits, choice
75c.
Per Suit.
Our Pure Linen Rus
sian Crash Blouse
Suits; $2.00 values.
Choice
99c. Each.
Extraordinary reduc
tions In Wash Blouse
Suits?
All 50c. values now
33<- suit.
All 75c. and 8Sc. val
ues now 50c. suit.
All $1.00 and $1.25
values now 75c. suit.
fi?>0 Percale Shirt
and Blouse Waists,
Including navy blue
effects. Choice
119c. Each.
Our 39c. Indigo Blue
Denim Boys' Overalls,
elastic straps, llat
seams and Gllmore
stitched; reduced
during this sale to
25c. Each.
100 Mother's Friend
Patent Percale Shirt
Waists, during this
sale
39c. Each.
All our Double
breasted Wash Suits,
consisting of Plain
and Plaid Crash, in
cluding some Fancy
Cheviots; values,
$1.25. $1.50 and $1.75.
To close,
79c.
Per Suit.
Good Hosiery at Clearance Prices.
Infants' Fine I-ace Lisle
I Half Sicks. In bla.-k, red.
. white, pink and blue; war
ranted fast color; 2??
35c. value. Special..
Ladies' Fine Silk and
Lisle Hose, with fancy
ankle, high spliced heel anil
double toe; warranted fast
color. Sold for$1.00. A r*
Special
rge assortment of
OOc. Black Lace
Our large
Ladies
Lisle Hose with double heel
and toe; Hermsdorf
dye. For one day
only.
39c.
v
?M81es of Good Ribbons to be Sacrificed:
No. 3 All Silk Satin Grns
C.raln Ribbon, variety of col
ors. Sold for Sc. yard. "if.
Special price
No. 7 All Silk Persian
Stripe Ribbon, in all com
binations. Sold for En
12**jc. yard. Now....
1 lot All-silk Plain and
Fancy Stripe Ribbon, sold for
35c., 49c. and 75c.
yard, for
1: 25c.
Laesbursrlh
Br?,
420 to 426 7th St.
it
?XmX"X~X"X"X"X~X~X~X"X?X^"X?X~X^~X"X"X"X~X~X~XmXmX~X**X*
PALMA DISCUSSES PRESIDENCY.
Fear* Faction* In Cuba Will Handicap
the Executive.
A disnatch from Havana last night says:
Senor Tomas Estrada Palma, In the course
of a lone letter to Senor Figueredo, which
Is published here today, makes the follow
ing statement:
"I told General Gomez that a man like
myself, of independent character and with
out pretensions except for the moral good
of the country, would not have courage
enough to be a candidate for the presi
d< ncy of Cuba because the state of feel
ing and opinion in the island is disjoint
ed, and because political parties there are
based upon local affinities and personal is
sues, and not upon principles.
"Moreover, it is to be supposed that the
future president will have to plan the
government, and if he is to carry his
program into effect he will need the sup
port of' both houses of the legislature.
But the state of opinion in both houses
i.s likely to be metre disjointed even than
the opinions of the so-called political par
ties. As important matters will have to
be dealt with by the tlrst government of
Cuba, such as treaties, the relations with
the United States, and the payment of the
army, there is likely to be a great deal of
trouble and disagreement. If the presi
dent does not have Congress behind him
he will fail utterly.
"Then also the constitution is calculated
to prevent unity of action because the
governors of provinces are to be elected
by popular vote, t.nd the secretaries will
be responsible as well as the president.
If, therefoie, the president does not
count upon a majority In both houses, it
is not likely that any honest patriot will
care to undertake the presidential office.
Self-abnegation and the most devoted pa
triotism cannot be expected to make him
abandon his own dignity."
Senor Palma says that steps should be
taken to unify effort and opinion in Cuba
and to obtain a oasis of agreement as to a
presidential candidate, so that, if elected,
he may have some chance of successful
administration.
Holders of Havana second mortgage
bonds to the value of $2U),0U0 desire to
take possession of some portions of the
city income and to pay the bonds, which
had been drawn for payment, after Judg
ment was ordered, prior to January 1, 189;).
Such an attempt had not been made here
tofore because a military order existed un
der the terms of which persons having
claims against municipalities which ma
tured prior to January 1, 1809, were not
permitted to enforce payment.
That order was annulled by a recent or
der, and now the bondholders wish either
to selzw the city property or to collect the
Income.
Mayor Gener ??a\s the municipality at
present has no funds with which to pay
these bonds.
A Cuban artillery corps is to be formed.
It will consist of 150 white Cubans, and
will be recruited under the same condi
tions as to Qualification that obtain in the
United States, so far as these will apply.
The corps will be trained and disciplined
by an American cflicer, and will be sta
tioned at Cabanas. The men will be taught
to handle and take care of artillery and
will be qualified to take charge of the
guns there when the Americans leave.
They will be enlisted for two years.
First Lieut. Dwight E. Aultman of the
2d United States Artillery will have charge
of the recruiting tnd training.
Funeral of Major Almy.
The funeral of MaJ. William E. Almy of
the Porto Rlcan Provisional Regiment will
take place next Monday afternoon at 4
o'clock from the residence of Mr. John
Sellers, Jr.. near 03d and Market streets,
Philadelphia. The interment will be made
at Woodlands cemetery. Gen. Brooke, com
manding the Department of the East, will
send two companies of coast artillery and
a band from Governor's Island to act as a
funeral escort.
Dr. Davis Kennedy, a manufacturer of
Kingston. N. Y., dropped dead while ad
dressing a taxpayers' meeting.
The Best Prescription for Malaria
Chills sad Ferer la a bottle of GROVE S TASTB
U&& CHILL TONIC. It U simply Iron and quinine
In a tasteless form. No c?u??no Mr- lVlc*, 60c.
"THE TRAMP RAILROAD MAN."
What Generally Starts Him on the
Downward Road.
"That human nature is pretty much alike
in all callings is shown by a study of the
'tramp' railroad man," said a division
superintendent of one of the trunk lines
running Into Washington to a Star man at
the station this morning.
"The tramp railroad man usually begins
his career of wandering, seeking employ
ment from road to road, after his first dis
missal because of drinking. He may be
an experienced man, such as any road
would be glad to employ, but his weak
ness for whisky caused his downfall, and,
like other men, once the downward slide
begins, every jolt in the toboggan path
sends him farther toward the bottom.
"Railroads all over the country are en
forcing the rule demanding strict sobriety
with great rigidness. They are the most
practical advocafes of temperance In the
land. They do not plead with men, and
hold up frightful examples of the result
of drink. The question is resolved to its
most simple terms: If a man wishes to
keep his place he has got to keep liquor
out of his stomach. Railroad men all know
this, and the result is that railroad em
ployes as a great body are the most tem
perate of the classes of the employed.
"A few years ago it was a common sight
to see trainmen come out of a saloon or
a hotel near the depot, after a preliminary
'bracer' before starting on their run. It is a
rare sight now, and, furthermore, the rule
holds good at all times of the day, whether
on or off duty. If a trainman is known to
tipple off duty, he is at once called up
before the division superintendent and se
verely lectured. If the admonition falls to
have the desired effect, he Is summarily
dismissed. The managers of the roads
have determined that men who possess a
disposition to drink cannot remain on their
payrolls, and the wholesale reformations
and the good in general which has been
accomplished has been almost incalculable.
"Probably there are more dismissals for
drunkenness among switchmen than In the
other grades of railroad employes. This
Is because switchmen and yardmen are
stationed at one place, frequently near
saloons. It is possible for them to slip
away occasionally for a drink, rush the
growler and drink Its contents on the sly,
or have a drink smuggled to tnem surrep
titiously by a companion or a friend. But
off goes their heads if they are detected,
and a close watch is kept, as their posi
tions, though bumble, are among the most
important as to results should they prove
derelict In their duty, of any on the road.
"No, we have no blacklist of men dis
missed. If a man applies to us for em
ployment, we write to his references, and
If the cause of his dismissal is Intem
perance, we do not employ him, and he
passes on to try his luck elsewhere. Pre
vious experience on a railroad, however,
counts for a great deal. If we have evi
dence that a man has really reformed, and
he is a good railroad man, we sometimes
give him a trial on what is knovrn as a
'hard' division, and if he lives up to his
determination, he Tetalns his place, and a
good citizen has been made of him.
"It is singular, though true, that once a
railroad man begins to tramp,' as we say,
it is the exception that he climbs up again.
He soon develops a grievance, like other
men on the downward road, and falls Into
the error that everybody Is against him.
He seldom lays the fault at his own door,
where it belongs.
"We demand the strictest sobriety among
the train dispatchers. These men must
always be In the full possession of all their
faculties unaided by stimulants. If the
smell of liquor is detected on the breath
of a train dispatcher, the 'old man' calls
the culprit down In unmistakable terms,
and a repetition of his offense means the
loss of his place. As a rule, train dis
patchers are teetotalers.
"The prevention of destruction of Its
property by accident and the safeguarding
of the lives of its passengers are the car
dinal principles governing the control of
railroad employes. The swagger conductor
or engineer, with his nerves keyed up by a
'few drinks,' Is now almost a memory.
Each year the habits of sobriety, neatness,
accuracy and truthfulness are becoming
more and more part and parcel of a rail
road man by reason of rigid enforcement
of the rules. While It Is true to a large
extent the companies are actuated by self
interest, and not by temperance or humani
tarian motives, the result, as far a* the
men are concerned, Is the same as if the
I letter considerations were the only ones at
issus."
A MORTMAIN LAW
Legislation Needed to Govern Insular
Church Property.
PROBLEMS III THE PHILIPPINES
Early History of Laws to Restrict
Ecclesiastical Holdings,
THE POWER OF GOVERNMENT
Written for The Evening Star.
It is said that in view of the troublesome
questions relative to the titles of tho
friars to extensive estates in the Philip
pines Chairman Cooper of the House com
mittee on Insular affairs has been for
some time engaged In the preparation of a
mortmain law for our Insular possessions.
The propriety of such legislation is
thought by those dealing with the subject
to be apparent; but the difficulty which is
met at the threshhold of the movement is
whether Congress is authorized to pass
such a law under any of the powers grant
ed to it by the Constitution, and whether,
Indeed, it is not forbidden to pass any law
on the subject, since mortmain laws relate
to religious bodies. For, as Blackstone
says, "Purchases in mortmain having been
made chiefly by religious houses, in conse
quence of which the land became perpetu
ally inherent in one dead hand, this hath
occasioned the general appellation of mort
main to such alienations, and the religious
houses themselves to be considered prin
cipally in forming the statutes of mort
main." A few examples of such laws will
serve to illustrate this point. The thirty
sixth chapter of Magna Charta is com
monly called the statute of mortmain. It
is in these words: "It shall not be lawful
for any one to give his lands to any relig
ious house, and to take the same back to
hold of the same house. Nor shall it be
lawful for any house of religion to take
the land of any one, and to lease the same
to him from whom it was received. And if
any one from henceforth give any lands
to any religious house and thereupon be
convicted, the gift shall be utterly void."
another famous mortmain law is the an
cient statute De ReUgiosis, which runs
thus: "It is ordained that no person, relig
ious or other, whatsoever he be, shall pre
sume to buy or sell, or under color of gift
or lease, or any other title whatsoever, to
take of any person, or by any other means,
by craft, or engine, to appropriate unto
himself any lands or tenements, whereby
such lands and tenements may in anywise
come into mortmain, on pain of forfeiture
of the same."
The I.nw of Edward I.
It appears that King Edward I was the
first Christian prince who passed a statute
of mortmain, and prevented by law the
clergy from making new acquisitions of
land, which by the ecclesiastical canons, they
were forever prohibited from alieatlng.
His object in passing it was chiefly to pre
serve the military force of the kingdom.
Both Magna Charta and the Statute De
Religiosis had the common defense In view.
But the more recent statute of mortmain,
known as 9 George II, had in view not
only the "common defense," but also "the
general welfare." Jt recites "that gifts or
alienations of land, tenements or heredita
ments in mortmain are prohibited or re
strained by Magna Charta and divers
other wholesome laws, as prejudicial to
and against the common utility." The in
tention was to prevent land coming by
any means Into hands where they would be
unalienable, because the unrestricted inter
change of property is of the very highest
Importance to the welfare of a commercial
nation. Again, It Is Important to erect
some permanent barrier against what the
act of George II declares to be a "public
mischief." which had "of late greatly in
creased by many large and Improvident
alienations or dispositions made by lan
guishing and dying persons or by others,
to uses called charitable, to take place
after their deaths, to the dlBherlson of their
lawful heirs."
In 1819 Mr. Wheaton, who was then re
porter for the Supreme Court of the United
States, prepared a valuable note to the case
of Hart's executors against Baptist Asso
ciation, in which he discussed the subject
of mortmain and charitable uses; and In
which, referring to the statute of Georgo
II, he said: "It deserves the consideration
of every wise and enlightened American
legislator, whether provisions similar to
those of this celebrated statute are not
proper to be enacted in this country, with
a view to prevent undue Influence and Im
position upon feeble minds in their last
moments, and to check that unhappy pro
pensity which sometimes is found to exist
under a bigoted enthusiasm and. the desire
to gain fame as a religious devotee and
benefactor at the expense of all the nat
uraf claims of blood and parental duty to
children." Whether he regarded Congress
as empowered to enact such a law is not
'"But'^n^ll President Madison denied the
right of Congress to incorporate a relig
ious society, and since the statutes of
mortmain were leveled against religious
houses or corporations it is evident that
he did not believe any power existed in
Congress to deal with religious corporations
at all. President Madison's view has re
cently been overruled by the Supreme
Court, but there still exists a question as
to the power of Congress to legislate con
cerning religious establishments.
It is considered to be clear, however, that
the Supreme Court has Jurisdiction over
all trusts and uses, and may control re
ligious corporations as well as others. For
in the Mormon Church case it was held
that the general system of common law
and equity, except as modified by legisla
tion, prevails in the territories of the
United States, Including therein the law of
charitable uses and mortmain. And It Is
predicted that our courts in dealing with
the subject will be guided by the princi
ple which prevailed In England prior to
the revolution and not by any orinciple of
the civil law or canon law or any other
principle concealed In a dark and remote
antiquity.
The Philippine Situation.
The argument of the two archbishops in
the case of the University of St. Thomas
at Manila, before the Philippine commis
sion, was based mainly upon the canon law
and certain concordats between the pope
and the Spanish crown. According to tho
report of the Philippine commissioners, "in
support of the claim that the foundation
of the College of San Jose was a pious ec
clesiastical work within the operation of
the decrees of the council of Trent, refer
ences were made to the definitions of such
works by writers on the cahon law in de
scribing the property devoted to them as a
class of church patrimony.
The authors cited describe as church
patrimony all property destined to succor
the poor and needy, including in its cate
gory hospitals, asylums, colleges for tho
education and training of Christians re
ligious confraternities, and in general In
stitutions and foundations to works of
charity and religion, and say that two
things are necessary and sufficient in or
der that the institutions and foundations
be ecclesiastical, and that their properties
pertain to the church; that is to say, that
they axe by full force of right, pious ec
clesiastical works: First, that they be
founded with the license and authority of
the diocesan bishop, and second, that the
foundations of the said institutions have
been made through motives of charity or
religion, or what is equivalent, that they
have been made with the Idea of promoting
holy religion and providing for some moral
and material necessity of the founder's,
fellow creatures within the church. The
argument distinguishes such foundations
from those which In modern states are
not ecclesiastical institutions because their
founders were not influenced In their ac
tion by motives of religion or Christian
charity, nor did found them In the exercise
of Christian charity, but simply through
sentiments of philanthropy and as acts of
' social beneficence, with the unmistakable
absence of all Christian Influence or in
tention. ?
President Madison's Position.
President Madison, in his veto message
of February El, 1811, drew precisely the
same distinction i one of hla reasons for
disapproving the bill then before him being
stated in these words: "Because the bill
vests in the said Incorporated church an
authority to provide for the support of
the poor and the education of poor children
of the same; an authphty tyhlch, being al
together superfluous u thd Jprovlsion is to
he the result of pious charity, would be ft
precedent for giving to religious societies,
M such, a legal agency In carrying into
effect a public and civU duty
If Congress had the-righv to incorporate
such institutions It would clearly have the
right to expropriatelLor confiscate their
property and to abolish them entirely, at
discretion. "Whoever-has?the power to
set up, has the power to pull down."
It is evident tha? President Madison
meant by the language atitfve quoted from
him that such institutions as the arch
bishops describe could not be established
by Congress under the power to make laws
necessary and proper %r carrying into exe
cution the powers vested in it by the Con
stitution.
1,The ortgln of such Institutions is pecu
liar. It dates back to the early history of
Rome.. It seems that 4n the beginning cer
tain special deities monopolized the privi
lege of being the object# of testamentary
disposition. To the temple or monastery
of such deities alone trusts of slaves and
otherchattels might be lawfully bequeath
ed. These sacred communities were ren
dered by the civil law incapable of acqulr
v? t0 any cons,derable degree the owner
ship of land; for by several decrees enact
ed with the same design as the English
statutes of mortmain It was early provided
that no corporate bodv should take or hold
real.estate by virtue of any gift, grant, or
devise, without either a special privilege
or particular dispensation from the senate
or emperor, who was seldom disposed to
grant theme. The personality of the
church, and its capacity to be heir or
legatee, Is recognized In the Justinian code.
At first it was only one among the monopo
lies known as pious corporations. Before
Constantine's time It was on the same
footing as the College of the Jews.
Early Practices.
Burns, in his work on ecclesiastical law,
says: "The constitutions of Justinian en
acted that the church should dispense all
property bequeathed generally to the poor
or to prisoners, and that charitable be
quests should always be under the man
agement of the bishops and archbishops.
Fifty years after the establishment of the
church by Constantine as a licensed cor
poration there was a revival of the mort
main law, restraining, among other things,
the prodigality of bequests by women to
the church, and only twenty years later
the same law was re-enacted. Among the
monarchs who have been most hostile to
property left in ecclesiastical mortmain
may be mentioned Edward I. Edward II
and Henry V, in England; Charlemagne
in Saxony and St. Louis in France. Among
the reasons found in the preambles of
mortmain statutes and in Judicial inter
pretations of them are the following: 'For
the better defense of the realm, by keeping
feudal subjects or military resources out
of the possession of professed monks, who
claim exemption from taxation and mili
tary duty; * ? ? for the general utility, by
preserving the free circulation of property
and promoting commerce; by preventing
land froih falling by any means Into hands
where they would be unalienable; by en
couraging donations and legacies to munici
pal institutions; by checking mendicancy
and celibacy and by weakening foreign in
fluence; * * * for preventing Improvident
dispositions, made by languishing and dy
ing persons or by others, to the disherison
of their lawful heirs." "
An Important Dnty.
The House committee on Insular affairs
has no more important work before It
than the framing of a suitable mortmain
law for the Philippines. The Spanish mort
main law of 1820 was the most rigid, per
haps, ever enacted in any country. But It
would be wholly inapplicable, it is thought,
under our form of government; nor could
the provision of the concordat of 1851, be
tween the pope and the King of Spain, be
recognized as the law un^ler our Constitu
tion; because this government cannot take
the place of the Spanish government as a
party to a concordat. And, besides, it was
agreed by that concordat that the church
should have the right of Requisition by any
legitimate title whatever, and its proprie
torship "in all that it possesses in the
present or should acquire in the future
should be respected;1 and that no suppres
sion or fusion should take place without
the Intervention of the authority of the
holy see." Equally, inapplicable to the
present situation is considered the covenant
of 1860, because by H the Spanish govern
ment recognized anew, In a formal man
ner, the full and free right of the church
to acquire, hold and enjoy the usufruct In
ownership, "without lfmltation or reserve,
of all kinds of property or values."
On the whole, the affair Is complicated
and delicate. If Congress has the right to
act at all in this matter, It has the right to
do whatever it pleases. If It has not the
right to act, the Supreme Court has; nnd if
that court should be governed by the opin
ion of Chief Justice Marshall In the Bap
tist Church case, and the reasoning of the
court In the Mormon Church case. It is
expected to pursue the principles laid down
in Magna Charta and the other great re
medial statutes by which the English peo
ple endeavored to protect the state against
ecclesiastical encroachment.
MR. LAWSOS IS DISGUSTED.
Orders the Independence Broken lTp
If No Race is Arranged.
A dispatch from Boston yesterday says:
If no yacht can be found to race against
the Independence by September 8, Mr. Law
son, the owner, will crder her broken up
as old metal. This was his instruction to
day, when the only chance for a race
against either the Constitution or Colum
bia slipped by Because the managers of
these yachts would not enter a regatta in
which there was to be a class for ninety
footers. The particulars are contained in
the following statement issued by Mr.
Clapp, who is Mr. Lawson's secretary:
"The only pending engagement of the
Independence was a race under the aus
pices of the Indian Harbor Yacht Club
to take olace August 24, and Mr. Law
son, before leaving for an eastern cruise,
which he Intends to extend until Septem
ber 10, gave instructions to have the In
dependence put in the best racing condi
tion possible and to remain at Newport
tuning up. 1 today received this tele
errs in *
'? 'Exceedingly regret that owing to In
ability to secure entry of either Constitu
tion or Columbia we are compelled to call
off race scheduled for 24th Instant.
" 'FRANK R. JONES,
" 'Chairman Regatta Committee, Indian
Harbor Yacht Club.'
"I Immediately communicated the same
to Mr. Lawson, and he has given me the
Instructions to bring the Independence to
Boston and keep her In racing condition
until September 8, and to do everything
feasible to arrange as many races as pos
sible between her and any or all of the
three other ninety-footers, to take place
under the auspices of any yacht club In
any waters, under any conditions, and if
no races can be arranged by that.date to
have her broken up at once.
"The binding effer of any American
yacht club to Wing about one or more
yacht races with any of the three of thp
ninety-footers will be accepted by Mr.
Lawson, providing jit is received on or be
fore September 8." . t {t,
?? 7 * v.
The Highly Civilised Ancients.
From London Outlook.
The middle-aged man who has explored
life to weariness and whbm novels will no
longer stir may find, hip sense of mystery
and wonder exclteg anew by the account
of discoveries In biirted ^gypt. Prof. Flin
ders Petrle, who has denoted his life to ex
ploration of the sol\ afcd-research Into the
history of that aiipienf, land, completed
last week a series of'"highly Instructive
and suggestive lectures at the Royal Insti
tution. Long-burleASoiribs of ancient kings
have been discovered and explored, and,
although In nearly* alk cases these had
been previously pllfagqC In the Roman age,
enough of their coflterrts'remains unbroken
or overlooked till nww tfo- afford ground tor
reconstructing, In outUitf at least, a won
derful and unsuspected civilization. When
we are shown, for example, specimens of
goldsmith's work dating from 4750 years
before the Christian era, which have never
been surpassed since In technical skill,
working of designs, variety of form and
perfection of soldering, we are sobered
somewhat In our belief that the process
of time means progress and that the pres
ent is the best and noblest era of civilisa
tion We are proud, for Instance, of the
products of modern steam spinning and
weaving. Yet the linen woven 3,000 years
ago was finer In thread and closer in web
than our finest cambric.
Thomas Lee, oolored, forty-five years old,
was injured yesterday while working on
the line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad
by a stone rolling on his leg. He was
brought here and taken to the Emergency
Hospital for treatment.
PLEDGED TO MURDER
How the Fires of War Were Fed by
the Philippine "Katipunan."
SECRET SOCIETY OF THE TAGALS
Important Factor in Both of Aguin
aldo's Insurrections.
THE PEOPLE TERRORIZED
Ool. L. W. V. Kennon In the North American
, Review.
It has been, perhaps, a matter of surprise
to people In the United States that the In
, surrectlon in the Philippines should so long
have been able to continue its existence,
I and many have attributed this to the valor
of the Philippine soldiery. There could
hardly have been a greater mistake. The
Philippine soldiery have not been able at
any point to oppose even nominal resist
ance to the American occupation of every
town and village In the islands, and yet
peace has not existed. The warlike condi
tions which have prevailed have been due,
not to Philippine valor, but to the Katipu
nan, a powerful, all-pervading, secret or
ganization, nominally working for liberty,
appealing to native ignorance and racial
prejudice, dedicated to assassination, and
bold and avowedly unscrupulous in its
methods by which it attains Its ends; a so
ciety which, without sanction of law or
authority other than Its own rules, as
sumed and freely exercised the power of
by death any person who dis
obeyed Its mandates or otherwise Incurred
Its displeasure, and which vested this pow
er in the ignorant local chiefs of its lodges
throughout the islands.
f^vent of the Americans the
conditions which existed in the Philippines,
outside of Manila, were truly mediaeval in
character. The church and the state held
joint authority; the sole duty of the people
was obedience; of recognized rights, they
had none. The real power in the eyes of
the people was the friar, and he is
charged with all manner of extortion and
outrage. He is said to have been greedy of
land and money, and to have lived in com
parative splendor, at the expense of the
people, in magnificent "convents," built for
him by the forced labor and contributions
of parishioners. He is charged with as
suming the reins of civil government, while
neglecting his proper duties of instructing
the people, who were taught merely the
formulas of the Roman Catholic Church
and obedlenoe to the priests. General ig
norance prevailed. Some learned the Span
ish language, but ambition to study seems
to have been repressed, and the reading of
books not approved by the friars was. in
practice, ground for deportation, and the
writing of them a capital offense. The way
to a profession was made long and diffi
cult; twelve years of study, at least, were
required before a diploma would be grant
ed which would enable a Filipino to prac
tice a profession. Since the opening of the
Suez canal a few Filipinos, by favor, or as
exiles, have been educated in Europe. Gen
erally. however, the education of the people
was discouraged.
The Katipnnan Organized.
It was in Manila, on the 7th of July,
1892, that the Katipunan Society of the
Philippines was organized under the name
of the "Supreme and Venerable Associa
tion of the Sons of the People," the word
"katipunan" meaning association or so
ciety. The founder and "soul of the so
ciety" was Andre Bonafacio, an employe
in a brickyard. The purposes of the or
ganization were stated to be the political,
social and moral elevation of the Tagal
? race. The society grew rapidly In Manila
and the Tagal provinces; and in July, 1890,
the number of members was variously re
ported to be from 12,000 to 16,000. In the
beginning the formulas of Masonry were
employed, but these were simplified to
adapt them to the grade of intelligence of
its members, who belonged to the lowest
classes, and who are stated to have been
"copyists, common soldiers, washermen,
wood-gatherers, shoemakers and laborers.'
The only person of education connected
with the society was Dr. Pio Valensuela.
who was initiated in 1&?.
When a new lodge was opened a triangle
was formed, called "Hasik," or seed plot;
and an equilateral triangle and three Ks
were the distinctive symbols of the society.
There were three degrees and a simple
cipher and secret signs were adopted. The
initiation ceremonies were made solemn and
terrifying, to impress the candidate and
to test his valor. He was first questioned
In a cabinet, and then Introduced Into a
dimly-lighted room, where, upon a table
draped in black, were a human skull, a
loaded revolver, a bolo, or short native
sword, and a paper upon which were writ
ten questions which he was required to
answer. After this, various other tests
were applied, followed by the administer
ing of the oath, which was signed with
blood taken from the left forearm of the
candidate, who was then declared a mem
ber of the lowest degree. The supreme
council consisted of a president, secretary
syndic, treasurer and six members. This '
council and the presidents of local lodges
formed the assembly.
Twenty-five women were admitted, to
quiet their suspicions of the nocturnal ex
cursions of their husbands. They were i
told that the objects of the society were
simply mutual aid. The Katipunan "did in
fact, aid its sick and bury its dead, pay
ing the expenses of the funerals, "but al
ways p.t the lowest rates, so as not to
enrich the priests." The moral objects of
the society were, the teaching of demo
cratic Ideas, and an opposition to relig
ious fanataclsm as expressed In the teach
ing of the friars, "who obscured rather
than explained religious truths." The po
Htical objects were the securing for the
Philippines the reforms granted to Cuba
and the limiting of the powers of the friars
Ccptes of the "Rights of Man" and a
history of the French revolution, as well
as other works, Including treatises on mili
tary actics and on the manufacture of
powder and dynamite, were circulated
among the members.
A secret society of supposed Masonic ten
dencies and origin, which distributed In
cendiary literature, and which organized
large numbers of the lowest elements of
the native population Into a coherent body
In opposition to the existing government,
could not fail to be obnoxious to the Span
ish authorities. Efforts were made to sup
press It, and the mark of Initiation was
ground for the imprisonment of the person
bearing It.
Outbreak of Revolution.
This was the situation In 1896. Andres
Bonafacio was the president, elected on the
1st of January, and Emllio Aguinaldo pre
sided over the lodge at Cavlte. Aguinaldo
was then twenty-six years of age, and
municipal captain of Cavlte Vlejo. Having
occasion to visit Cavlte to receive the or
ders of the provincial governor, he learned
that a list of the members of the Katipun
an had fallen into the hands of the Span
lards, and that the priest was Cavlte Viejo
was endeavoring to cause his arrest. He
hastened back to his town, and, with the
aid of his lieutenants, called together the
members, explained to them their danger,
and with them took up arms against the
Spaniards. This was on the 26th of August,
1890. Within five days Aguinaldo and his
adherents had taken possession of nearly
every town in the province, surprised the
small garrisons and secured their arms.
The Insurrection spread rapidly throughout
the Tagal provinces, where the Katipunan
had been established. Andres Bonafacio
was killed, it is believed at the Instigation
of Aguinaldo, and the latter assumed con
trol of the society and of the forces in the
field.
The Spaniards sent a large force against
the Insurgents, and in eight months, or by
May, 1897, had utterly routed them and
driven their chief and a remnant of his
forces to seek refuge in the 'mountains of
the eastern coast. Here, after his defeat,
and while a fugitive in the inaccessible
fastnesses of wild and unknown moun
tains, Aguinaldo states that he proclaimed
a Philippine republic, and opened up ne
gotiations with the Spanish governor gen
eral, Primo de Rivera. As a result, the
?treaty of Blak-na-Bato" was signed on
the 14th of December. 1897, by the terms of
which Aguinaldo and those who wished to
follow him were "free to live on foreign
soil," and were to receive *800,000 as 'in
demnity," the money to be delivered per
sonally to Aguinaldo. All arms were to
be delivered to the Spanish authorities,
PARKER, BRIDGET & CO. PARKER, BRIDGET & CO.
Even Less Than Auction Prices.
An auction sale has its charms, yet it often brings dearly
bought knowledge.
The exciting competitions agitate and fascinate.
Our prices are less than auction prices?and you may choose J
and pick from the largest and best stock of clothing in Washington. ?
During this sale you make money by spending?for
Our $30 Suits Cost You Just Half.
Our $25 Suits Cost You Just Halllf.
Our $20 Suits Cost You Just Half.
Our $18 Suits Cost You Just Hall
Our $115 Suits Cost You Just Half.
Our $12 Suits Cost You Just Half.
Our $10 Suits Cost You Just Half.
Pay us just half the marked price?and the marked price Is the
original one.
No tricks here. No marking up and then cutting in two, as
hao been frequently done. This business rests on honest methods
and truthful statements. Every suit is just right in time for the
coming season?thus not a shred of excuse for holding on to half
worn clothes. Bargain spells bargain in this store, and its meaning
we'll define when you come.
Parker, Bridget & Co09
Head=to=Foot Outfitters, Pa. Ave. and 9th St.
it
who were to place two generals In Aguin
ahlo's hands as hostages for the delivery
of the first installment ($400,000) of the in
demnity. Agulnaldo also avers that by
this treaty Rivera agreed to suppress relig
ious orders In the Islands and to grant au
tonomy, though these provisions were not
reduced to writing. More than 1,000 rifles
were delivered to the Spanish authorities,
and the first Installment of the indemnity
was turned over to Agulnaldo; the second
was never paid. The insurrection was at
an end; the Te Deum was sung in the
churches and normal conditions prevailed (
throughout the Philippines.
At this point in his narrative Col. Ken
non refers to the events accompanying the
war between Spain and the United States,
the fall of Manila and Aguinaldo's de
sire to sack the city and his gradual with
drawal from relations with the Americans.
Continuing, he said
"Since Aguinaldo's arrival he had worked
unremittingly toward the accomplishment
of the purposes and plans mapped out in
Hong Kong. At the suggestion of San
dico, the author of the plan to slay with
out mercy and spare no person of white
skin in the Philippines, the Katipunan was
revived; Agulnaldo announced that all Fili
pinos were members of the society, wheth
er they wished or not, and a new Katipu
nan was formed, whose objects were the
expulsion of the Americans and the 'liberty
of the country.* Its emissaries, banked by
military force, were sent to all parts of
the islands. The natives, who but recent
ly were enthusiastic in their reception of
the Americans, were turned against tfcern,
the ready credulity of an Ignorant people
accepting without hesitancy the wildest
tales of Yankee treachery, cruelty and sav
agery which were told them. Prominent
men who declined to Join the movement
were put to death, 'to encourage the
others.'
It was announced that all who were not
with the proposed insurrection were trait
ors and should die. The newly appointed
presidents of towns were required to take
an oath thflt they would never serve any
but the government declared by Agulnaldo.
Head men and proprietors who were forced
or Induced to Join initiated their people.
By every means in their power the lead
ers endeavored to cultivate a national sen
timent. Some even proposed a national
religion, Bathalism, an idealized form or
the primitive religion of the Islands, ana
the worship of God under the ancient name
of Bathala.
Attack on American!.
A numerous army was raised and equip
ped and every preparation made for at
tacking the Americans, who, with their
small force,, occupied Manila and the Im
mediate surrounding country. Open hos
tilities were begun on February 4, 1809.
The self-restraint previously exercised by
the American soldiery had been misunder
stood by the Filipinos, who had taken it
for a sign of fear; they were undeceivcd at
the first battle, and were driven back at
all points; in the brief campaign that fol
lowed they were pushed aa far as the small
number of our troops would with safety
allow. The necessity for the return of the
volunteers, who had enlisted only for the
war with Spain, prevented the immediate
termination of the struggle, and much of
the ground gained had to be relinquished
in order to protect the vitally important
positions about Manila. On the arrival of
the new volunteers In October, 1809, active
operations were at once resumed; the or
ganized armies of the insurrection were
speedily dispersed, and every inhabited
part of the islands occupied by our troops.
Aguinaldo was a fugitive, hiding In the
mountains of the north, and his so-called
government completely destroyed. The
stake played for by the Hong Kong con
spirators, who represented nobody but
themselves, was evidently lost.
In every barrio are the agents of the
Katipunan society; the people are ever
under the watchful eyes of Its spies, quick
to detect any act of hostility toward them
selves, or of friendship toward the Ameri
cans. An accusation of either was equiva
lent to death, for there was no trial and
no punishment but death. It should be easy
to Imagine the effect of the Katipunan
"punishments" on an ignorant and timor
ous people. For fear of their own lives
they dare not refuse to obey Katipunan
mandates; under compulsion many have
lent service as soldiers and have contrib
uted supplies and money to the Insurgents.
Tongue-tied by fear, they have not dared
to denounce the perpetrators of crimes to
the American authorities, for Katipunan
vengeance is swift and certain. American
justice Is slow and tempered with mercy.
It Is far better to offend the Americans
than the Katipunan. Such has been the
effective weapon of the insurgent leaders.
By its aid an appearance of general hos
tility to America has been secured, which,
in point of fact, by no means exists.
The power of the Katipunan Is waning.
When It falls the insurrection will be at an
end. The active military pursuit of Its
armed members, the legal trial and punish
ment of many for brutal murders and other
crimes, the liberality of the American gov
ernment, which has granted to the Fili
pinos rights and privileges hitherto un
known to them, the high character of the
work of the Philippine commission, and the
natural revolt against so dread an agency,
as the Katipunan have all had effeot In
bringing Filipinos to the American side. In
spite of encouragement from misguided
I American allies, and ill-considered resolu
tions of sympathy by the legislatures of
some American states, the inevitable result
cannot long be postponed, and the bloody
work of the Katipunan Is nearing its end.
When its dark shadow shall have passed
from the land the people may learn, in the
sunlight of real freedom, that a govern
ment of law is liberty, and may fit them
selves for the transfer of power, now be
gun, from potentate to people.
Consns Office Nine Won Easily.
The Treasury team being unable to field
or bat the ball to any advantage yesterday
art National League Park fell an easy
prey to the Census nine by 17 to 8. The
game was practically all over after the
Census team's half of the second inning
when it scored ten runs. Th? Treasury
boys did net become disheartened after the
fatal second, but kept on encouragtng one
another with hopes of overtaking the lead
of their opponents, but to no avail, aa
Hayes, who was on the rubber for the Cen
sus boys had them at his mercy. On the
other hand while the Treasury boys were
endeavoring to solve Hayes' curves, the
Census team kept on Increasing their lead
through good stick work and numerous er
rors of their opponents, who had ten
against them to the Census teams'
four. The Census team made thirteen hits
and the Treasury seven.
Bon March e.
t
i
Close dally at 0 p.m.; Saturday* 9 p.m.
List..
Y ?Bringing the force of re
?|* duction to bear on the most
X generally wanted goods in
$ the establishment. A list for
tomorrow that figures up big
X savings on every item. Au
gust is the harvest month for
buyers here. Regular prices
give way to the season s de- -
mand for clearance through- ? ?
out the house.
Shirt Waists.
Colored Percale Shirt Waists:
rift K K/Ln '
worth 50c
29c.
White India Llnon Bhlrt T>(f> _
Waists; worth 6tsc. and T?c... o^VCs
Colored Lawn Shirt Waists; A ,f> _
worth ?1.25 ami $1.60
Blue, Pink and Lavender Bhlrt Waists;
lace and embroidery trimmea;
worth $1.25 and *1.50 OVC.
?White India Llnon Shirt Walsts; em
)roldery ant'
worth $1.25.
broidery, and lace trimmed;
White India Llnon Shirt Waists; lace ' '
and embroidery trimmed and
hemstitched; worth up to <f? fl
12.28; for $ U .
White Flannel Dress and
?!"??. .8^.:.."0.^..!!? $4.98
Black and White and Blae and White
Polka Dot Skirts; flounce ef- ?
ftcts; worth $1.25 J QC%
Dresses.
Children's Gingham, Percale and Lawn
Dresses; made In the newest
styles; nicely trimmed; were >1
$1.26 and $1.50 4VC.
"Ribbons.
Loulslne, Satin, Taffeta and Plain Taf
feta Ribbons; 6 and 7 ins.
? wide; worth 6Hc. and 6&c. A E?_
X *ard; for 45C.
I Qfloves.
*|* 2-clasp Chamois Gloves, In natural,
?f? mode, white and gray; worth
$i WC.
*t* Suede Gloves, in black,
white, mode and gray; worth j| Qq
Vests.
Vests, In whl'
ao ? uillr ? ??l mrucu B^VUUUi
w
y
y
y
S
Pure LIbI? Vests. In white; low neck
and sleeveless; silk trimmed: second**
of regular 25c. values?at f,
Neckwear.
Lace Collars, Automobile Ties, Fancy
Neckwear, Stocks and Silk, Linen and
Ijice Ties; worth 25c. to 60c.} jj
I Toilet Goods.
Lyon's Tooth Powder lie.
Cuticura Soap 15c.
Gerardy's Best Extracts....... 12V&C. <>??
Tooth Brushes 6c.
Hand Scrubs 2c.
* Hair Brushes 10c.
Smelling Salts He.
Odds and ends 5c. Toilet Soaps 2c.
Carolina Tar Soap 4c.
Violet Toilet Soap, 3 cakes In box?
6c. bo I. i ?
Oriental Cream $1.11 bot. ?>
Baylies' Talcum Fowler 6?.
Mennen'a Talcum Powder 13c.
Woodbury's Preparations 12lyj.
Glycerine Soap. 4c.
Violet Toilet Water l?c.
Calder's Tooth Powder 13c.
Brllllantlne Klc,
?ocsonl's Celebrated Face Powder. .16c.
rash Hags 8c.
Toilet Combs 12c.
Clothes Brushes 8c.
Extracts, in fancy botUes 9c.
Landborg's Extracts.. 18c.
Bom March?,
314-316-318 7th St.
?When you buy a i?c. can of our
fine Ready Mixed Paints you get a
PAINT BRUSH FREE.
CHAS. E. HODGKIX - >13 7th at.
auO-Bd
' T
National Circuit Cycling.
Close finishes were numerous in the cy
clin* events of the national circuit meet
on the Asbury Park, N. J., bicycle track
yesterday.
In the half-mile championship Frank
Kramer was shut-out In the grand fcen^Jr'
finals by Iver Lawson, who defeated
ter Wilson of Pittsburg In the final,
son had been beatan by MeFarlaua
Wilson burst a tire, but MoFadand let
start again and Wilson easily outrode
Otto Maya of Brie, Pa., won the ?
heat in the one-mSe proStMioaal (S;lQr>
class.
"Jimmy" Michael gave ft two-mile mot
paced exhibition In 8.81 and the remaJ
event, a five-mile motor-paced quUdt
between Harry Elkes of Gleo* Flails
"Jimmy" Urquardt of Boston Was
handily by Elkes hi 8.61