Evening star. [volume], August 24, 1901, Page 20, Image 20

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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II.VRBOK OF BAT ATI A.
dutch east indies
Wonderfully Rich Possessions in the
Orient.
PROGRESSIVE AND PROFITABLE
How the People of Batavia and
Weitevreden Live.
THEIR QUEER HOTELS
(Copyright. 1901, by Frank G. Carpenter.)
Special Correspondence of The Kveuing Star.
BATAVIA, Java.
I have come from Australia to Java to
tell you how the Dutch are managing their
colonial empire. Their possessions consist
of a vast archipelago just south of the
Philippine Islands. It lies on both sides of
the equator, and Is inhabited by peoples,
savage and civilized, who have all the char
acteristics of our Filipinos. Some of the
Islands have been governed by Dutch offi
cials for centuries. They have been the
scenes of all sorts of colonial experiments,
and they cannot but furnish valuable les
sons to us in the management of our Phil
ippine possessions.
But first let me give you some idea of the
Dutch East Indies. You know the little
country of Holland. It is hardly more
than a pimple on the broad face of
Europe. The Dutch territories here are
sixty times as large as their possessions in
Europe. They are one-fifth the size of the
whole United States, including Alaska, and
so hirge that you could put our Atlantic
states and also Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky,
Tennessee and Mississippi in them and
have room to spare. These territories con
tain 34.0uo.ooo people, or seven times the
population of Holland. They have half as
many people as the whole United States had
Jn 18i?o. and on some of the islands there
are more people to the square mile than in
any other part of the world.
Ilig Island* Owned by the Dntch.
I h^.d no idea of the size of the Dutch
colonial empire until I came here. They
have islands which are principalities in
themselves. Take Sumatra, the soil of which
is as fat as that of the Nile, and which
has petroleum and undeveloped mineral re
sources. That island is longer than from
New York to Chicago and as wide as from
Boston to Washington. It is larger than
any of the United States except Texas, and
it lies right next to Singapore, on one of
the chief trade routes of the world. Take
Borneo, which is also unprospected. The
Dutch own more land there than all New
England added to New Jersey, Pennsylva
nia and Ohio. They have more territory in
New Guinea than California, and in the
Cel?b's there is twice as much land as in
Indiana. The Timor archipelago, through
which my steamer wound its way from
Torres strait to Batavia, has an area
twice that of Massachusetts, and in that
journey, which lasted two weeks, it seemed
to me I could not get out of sight of islands
owned by the Dutch. There were islands all
the way. and if you will look at the map
you will see that they spot the Indian ocean
like stepping stones on a straight path as
long as from New York city to Salt Lake,
all the way from southern Asia to beyond
Australia.
The I'rinee of Colonial PoiineMftlona.
All of these islands of which I have
spoken are comparatively undeveloped.
They are inhabited chiefly by savages, and
no one knows just what they are worth.
It Is different with Java, from where this
letter is written. This is the capital of
Asiatic Holland, and it has been the place
where the Dutch have made their colonial
experiments. They had possession of it
when Shakespeare was yet living, and they
have been ruling it ever since, until they
have now made it the garden of the tropics,
the Switzerland of the Pacific and the won
der of the world as to colonial manage
ment.
Think of an island only as large as the
state of New York which is supporting
comfortably more than ilo.OOO.OOO people.
That is Java. It is less than 700 miles
long and from oO to 130 miles wide, but it
A Maiden of Java.
has more people than all the rest of the
archipelago of which it forms a part. It
is about as big as Luzon or Mindanao, and
its soil is of much the same character. I
have already traveled through parts of it,
*ind I have yet to meet a native who >ooks
hungry. The country is feeding itself, and
In addition is sending away $90,000,000
worth of goods every year. It is not only
feeding the natives, but it is making for
tunes for Dutch capitalists. It is covered
with plantations of sugar, coffee and
quinine, and I am told that the Dutch in
vestments in it already amount to more
than 1125,000,000. In future letters I shall
show where the money is placed and tell
you something as to the profits.
The Java of today shows us what the
Philippines may be in the future. It Is al
ready a land of railroads, telegraphs and
schools. You can get as good an educa
tion here in Batavia as in the average
American city. I can telephone from the
hotel where I am stopping to cities and vil
lages all over the country, and on the long
distance can be connected with Soerbaya,
on the other side of tfye island, which is
as far away from here as from Washing'
ton to Cleveland. I expect to travel all
over this island on raiiroads, and I could
go on a bicycle or an automobile through
every part of it. The Dutch have built
here the best wagon roads of the world,
ahd that notwithstanding the tropical
floods and other water problems that we
have in the Philippines. It is as cheap to
telegraph here as in the I'nited States, and,
in fact, there are all sorts of modern im
provements.
In Batavia.
But let me tell ybu something about Ba
tavia, the city from which this letter is
dated. It 13 next to the iargest city of
Asiatic Holland and is the capital of Java.
The town was founded when Peregrine
White, the first baby born in the United
States, was making his first squall in his
cradle at Plymouth, and it is now a city
of 113,000 people, with a vast population of
natives in the country about it.
Batavia is situated at the eastern end of
the island, at the mouth of the Tjiliwong
river, and not far from the harborof Tand
jong Priok, with which it is connected by
railroad and canal. I landed at the harbor
on my ship from Thursday Island and was
quickly passed through the customs and
came to Batavia in about half an hour by
rail. The town consists of two parts, a
lower and an upper. The lower, which is
Batavia proper, comprises the government
offices, the chief exporting and importing
BATAVIA IS LIKE2 A
houses and all the old buildings. Tt is not
unlike a city of Holland. A wide canal
runs through the principal street and the
houses along this have white walls and
sharp overhanging roofs of red tile. They
are just like the buildings in parts of Rot
terdam and The Hague, and with their
Dutch signs and Dutch merchants would
not be out of place if lifted up bodily and
dropped down in the Netherlands.
The town has many natives and many
Chinese. It is surrounded by small houses
and it is very unhealthy.
In Benntlful Weltevreden.
From Batavia a wide road runs fcr foi r
miles along the canal, the canal and road
being lined with houses on both sides, Uiitil
it reaches the city of Weltevreden, which
is the great residence city of the Dutch in
the East Indies. This is one of the most
beautiful cities In the world. It is a gi
gantic park in which not only the homes
of the people but even the stores and the
business houses, have gardens and trop
leal trees about them. There are public
squares containing hundreds of acres,
there are great avenues of palms and vast
collections of orchids and beautiful flow
ers and all the surroundings of fairyland.
Take the King's Plain, for instance. This
is a park a mile square almost in tha cen
ter of the city. It contains more than 500
acres and it is one vast stretch of velvety
lawn. There are roads running around it
which are as smooth as those of Central
Park, and back of these looking out
through the trees are the villas of the
nabobs of this Dutch capital. Each of
them has grounds about it with so many
curious plants within them that it would be
a very botanical garden anywhere else'
Here the driveway up to the house is be
tween two rows of royal palms, and there
it is between an arbor of shade trees so
gigantic that you will not see their like
outside Java.
The houses are all of classic Greek archi
tecture married to the red tiles of the
Dutch roofs. They are painted white to
represent marble, and each of them has a
great veranda upheld by Ionic, Doric or
Corinthian columns. The people sit on
the verandas, but the rooms within are so
large and airy that they seem quite as
cool. The most of the houses are floored
with stone. Many have tables of Italian
marble or mosaic. Very few of the resi
dences are of more than one story but
they cover a great space. Some houses
have smaller houses away from the main
building reached by covered ways. These
are guest houses, and are so made that the
guests may have a little house to them
selves and be independent of their hosts
if they wish excepting at meals.
LuxnrlouR Hume* of the Dutch.
I wish I could show you how some of
these Dutch live away down here among
the so-called savages on the edge of the
equator. I venture if you could see their
homes many of you would go to the Philip
pines and build others like them. Their
gardens are better than those of any mil
lionaire in the United States, and Presi
dent McKinley with his White House con
servatories has no flowers for his receo
tions like those I see here.
There is no lack of furniture. The stores
?f. \V.?,levreden nre supplied by the best
establishments of Holland, and you can
buy every luxury in the way of books,
paintings, notions and furniture. All sorts
of foods made in Europe are sold, and the
country raises vegetables and fruits of
every description. The place is one where
you get lots for your money, but where
nevertheless it costs lots to live. Everv
one lives up to his income and a little be
yond it. The Dutch gentlemen dress bet
ter on the average than our people at
home. They are sticklers for etiquette
i unotw accePt an invitation to
duiner unless he haa evening clothes.
A \ Ik lit at the Concordia Clab.
I put on my store clothes the other night
and went to a concert at the Concordia
Club. Batavia has two swell clubs, each
of which has several hundred members.
Both have club houses which would be
considered fine in New York or Washing
ton, and the Concordia has a great garden
about it where every Saturday night Its
members give a concert to their families
and friends. The music la furnished by
one of the military bands and It is as good
as any you will hear in the great gardens
of Europe.
Last Saturday night the band sat In a
stand In the open air, while the audience
were seated on chairs about the tables In
the tropical garden in front of the club
house. The light was furnished by hun
dreds of white-globed lamps, which hung
from the trees, and also by the ray* of tho
full moon, filtered through the green palms
There were, I Judge, at 4east a thousand
ladies and gentlemen present, and as we
?at there chatting and drinking, stately
native waiter* in turbans and livery trot
? theIr barj feet an<* waited
.us- The people at the table were as
well dressed as any European crowd an<^
as fashionably dressed as the average au
dience of our concerts at home. With
the exception of the military pfflcer?
who were clad *n white duck, with Fold
lace and brass buttons, the men wore black
clothes and the women wore bonnets and
well-fitting dresses.
In the intervals I walked through the
club house. It was floored with Italian
marble, and parts of it were walled with
great mirrors. It Las a library and news
paper room, a large billiard room and halls
for dancing and card playing and all the
conveniences of che best clubs all the world
over. Another night I spent at the Har
monle Club, where the copcert was equally
xood.
Queer Hotel*, These.
I am stopping at the Hotel des Ind, one
of the largest in the far east and by all
odds the largest in the Dutch East Indies.
It is situated on the right side of the
canal on the edge of Weltevreden as you
come up from Batavia. It has something
like ten acres of gardens about it, all
shaded by magnificent trees. There is a
banyan tree covering a good city lot in
j front of the veranda, and there are palms
and other trees in front of my room. The
j house consists of two long rows of rooms
opening out on arcades or cloisters on each
side of the grounds, with a parlor and din
ing room and offices at the back. I don't
know how many rooms there are, but they
must number hundreds, and every one is
on the first floor. I have two rooms open
ing into each other, and I also use the
pavement in front of my door. It is there
I loaf in my pajamas and bare feet from
daybreak until 8 or 9 o'clock in the morn
li?g, and also again after my afternoon nap
from S until 0.
I don't know that I like the Dutch man
ner of eating. There is plenty of food, but
the way of serving it is so strange that I
fear for my liver. As soon as I awake in
the morning my boy brings me a cup of
coffee. This I am expected to take in the
room or on the pavement outside. I can
have it as early as 5 o'clock, and even at
that hour I always find others drinking.
The coffee is served from a vinegar ciuet,
being absolutely cold as it is poured out.
It is made by cold filtration, and is merely
the extract of coffee. The boy puts a
spoonful or two into my cup and fills it up
with hot milk, and the coffee is made. He
gives me a couple of lumps of sugar, but
no bread or toast or anything solid.
The next meal is "ontbijt." You reed not
pronounce it; it merely means breakfast.
It consists of cold meat and fruit, with
perhaps soft-boiled eggs, which always
come on half cold. The next meal is "rijst
tafel," or rice table. This is th? lunch
eon: It is a mixture of rice with
every conceivable meat and vegetable un
slice: out of Holland.
der the sun. You are expected to half-fill
your soup plate with rice, pile the other
things on top and then stir the whole r.p
together and shovel down until the vacant
space in your anatomy is filled. I do dif
ferently. I take the rice and one or two
meats and pass by the rest, so that my
method of eating is not a fair sample of
the custom.
The Meal of a Dntcli Maiden.
I can better describe it by telling you
what one slender Dutch girl who sat be
side me today ate at this meal. As she
came in to the table I could se? the out
lines of her form plainly through her thin
jacket and calico sarong or single skirt,
which the ladies here consider enough ex
cept when on dress parade; and had I
dared look I might, I doubt not, have seen
her, as Sam Weller's father said of the
women of the tea party, "swelling wisibly
before my very eyes." At any rate, she
took the whole course, and I made a mem
orandum of the dishes on a visiting card on
the other side of my plate as she did so.
First came the rice. Her ladyship gouged
out a quart of the flaky white grains with a
short-handled silver trowel, here used for
the purpose, and then smeared two spoonfuls
of curry upon it. The next waiter brought
forth a pyramid of sausages, swimming in
gravy, and the lady took a spoonful of
sausage and some of the gravy. She next
took a leg and a second joint of broiled
chicken, and from another waiter a spoon
ful of green peppers and meat cut fine, and
then fried eggs, hashed beef, fried bananas
and fried fish. The plate was now pretty
well filled, but mademoiselle mixed the
rice, hash and other things together, and
sat back until the rest of the food was
brought on. This consisted of pickled
olives, pickled eggs stuffed with peppers,
shaved beef stewed, raw cucumbers and
one or two other things, the names of
which I do not know. There must have
been a dozen different ingredients In that
rice on the plate, and when she had
smoothed the pile up it looked like a Chi
nese grave. Her delicate ladyship ate the
whole with a fork and a tablespoon, work
ing the two together to convey t?e food
to hei mouth. There were others about
her doing the same, and, strange to say,
none seemed to suffer inconvenience.
After this course there was one of beef
steak, cooked in American style, and a des
ert of bananas, cheese and coffee. The
bananas and cheese were eaten together
in alternate bites, and the coffee was of
the same cold, hot milk nature as that I
had at my breakfast. The waiters were
natives, In white cotton jackets and bright
colored petticoats over white pantaloons,
t?immed~ with turkey red. They went about
in their bare feet, and although they could
not speak English they did verv well.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
The King's Limner.
From London Answers.
Should you ever attain to the honor of
knighthood you will receive. a beautifully
executed parchment commission. This
much-desired document is prepared by the
king's limner, who is a skillful wielder of
the pen and brush.
The post of king's limner is a very old
one? and dates back to the time when the
art of printing was unknown, and when
all records were written on parchment
and decorated with finely drawn initial
letters. The king's limner at the present
time receives a salary of 500 pounds ster
ling a year.
The clockmaker at "Windsor Castle re
ceives the same compensation, and It Is
his duty to keep all the timepieces in re
pair. The historigrapher, who is sup
posed to keep a record of events, holds
a hereditary office, with a salary of BOO
pounds a year. The master qf music re
ceives 300 pounds and arranges concerts
for his majesty's diversion.
The surveyor of pictures Is paid 200
pounds; the examiner of plays, 330 pounds,
which is considerably less than the salary
of the keeper of the swans, who is paid
000 pounds.
Great General of the Future.
From the Chicago Tribune.
"How Is your boy In the army getting
along, Willerby?" inquired the old friend of
the family.
"By George, sir!" enthusiastically an
swered the father, who had just received
from Algy another urgent request for
money, "that boy Is a masterly campaign
er already. He gets into all sorts of tight
places, but he always manages to keep in
communication with his base of supplies."
m ?'
Back a Money Barer!
From the 8mart Set.
Cobwigger?"Things are invented as we
need them."
Merritt?"I don't know about that I'd
be much better off if somebody had years
ago invented a horseless race track."
STEEL TRUST'S RIVAL
Ji - m <.
Biggest Industiy West of the Missis
sippi River.
COLORADO FU& ANB IRON COMPANY
O 4 s
i> ? U ?
It Employs 15,000 Men of Thirty
Different Nationalities.
ITS CHAIN" OF PLANTS
Special Correspondence of The Evening Star.
DENVER, Col., August 21, 1901.
There are few live Americans who do not
taken an interest in the buying and selling
of stocks. Gamblers, investors and oper
ators may form in numbers a comparative
ly small percentage of the population of
the country, but even those who do not
participate in stock transactions nowadays
watch the market for the news, for its in
dications as to the condition of the coun
try. for its effect upon their own business,
and sometimes to figure the profits or loss
es they would have made had they really
been in the game.
W ith all this widespread interest in the
doings on 'change, there are thousands
whose pulse responds to the rise and fall
of prices who have no definite idea of the
mtaning of the magic abbreviations by
which are designated the various enter
prises whose securities are tossed about so
freely.
If "Atchison" goes off ten points some
body has won- or lost. If "steel" is on the
decline wise people shake their heads. In
?A?eufraK, way the Public knows that
Atchison ' represents a great railroad cor
poration, that "steel" means the trust.
.uSuch properties are really worth,
why they should be worth millions more
0tV*uS than they were yesterday, is
not the concern of the stock speculator.
Intrinsic values mean nothing to him, it is
the artificial value governed by general
conditions, rumors, the health of owner,
orTT??Ple other temporary influence.
High up on the list of stocks posted in
e\ery broker's office, and in the columns
? f^er? newsPaper, stand "C. F. and I."
in the fluctuations of this stock during the
past two or three years fortunes have
been made and fortunes lost. Men have
Dought and sold it in thousands of shares,
making or losing, the case might be, with
no Idea of what this legend really stood for
except that in a general way it meant "Col
orado Fuel and Iron." As to where this
Proration was' where operated, what
it did not warrant these great transactions,
has been no concern of the gambling pub
lic. The fluctuations in C. F. and I. stock
have been violent. It has never had a
strong supporting influence behind it. A
majority of the stock has been held by
men who were i>ractical business men and
had confidence in their property, but who
were in no way concerned with the stock
market. C. F. and I. therefore has been
a root ball, constantly on the move and a
perpetual source of surprises. In 1893 the
rvjfu! was as *ow as cents on the dollar.
? ithln three months past It has been 122;
today it hovers between 90 and 100, as the
influence of general market conditions may
decree.
OirnlngR of the Company.
The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company is
the greatest .Industry west of the Missis
sippi, and with a logical future before it
Which will bring in time to the entire
country a clearer idea of what it represents
than now prevails. It is not a trust, nor is
,?"e ?' those Intangible corporations
which aerate giant plants worth millions
or dollars, yet have no property of their
own. This company now owns and con
trols nearly 400,000 acres of coal land and
5,000 acres of iron ore. With its great steel
works at Pueblo, Colo., it is making a
second Pittsburg of that city. It employs
15,000 men, representing, with their f.im
lies, one-tenth of the population of Co'o
rado. The income of this company last
year was $13,000,000, and its expenditures
a trifle over $10,000,000. It takes over $500 -
000 every month to satisfy the demands of
the pay roll.
Commencing at Sunrise, Wyo., its prop
erties form a chain 1,200 miles long to
Fierro, N. M. The links of this chain are
twenty-eight coal mines, nine coking plants
with 2,500 ovens, and at Pueblo, Colo., and
Laramie, Wyo., the only steel plants be
tween the Mississippi river and the Pacific
coast. In addition to these industrial con
cerns the company owns 80,000 acres of
grazing land and about 2,000 of the town
lots in the city of Pueblo. In addition to
furnishing a vast tonnage for several
transcontinental railroads the company
operates 100 miles of railroad of its own.
From its coal mines the C. F. and I
marketed last year over 4,000,000 tons of
coal, or 70 per cent of the entire production
in Colorado. This year it will mine 7,000,000
tona Last year it produced 500,000 bushels
of coke, or 95 per cent of the product of
the state, and hundreds of new coke ovens
are now in process of construction. From
its steel mills 723,000 tons were marketed,
and orders were refused for over 250,000
tons more.
The C. F. and I. Company has grown to
what it is with a capital of $25,000,000. It
has recently increased this capitalization to
$40,000,000 by the Issue of $15,000,000 in 5
per cent bonds, with a like issue of com
mon stock to redeem them on demand.
This $15,000,000 is to be spent at Pueblo
enlarging the steel plant to a capacity of
1.500,000 tons of finished product each year.
The new manufactures are to be tin plate
sheets, wire nails and other profitable pro
ducts of like character. These new mills
will, it is estimated, increase the value of
the output of the company by 200 per cent.
On a conservative estimate the physicai
plant of the C. F. and I. Company is esti
mated to be worth $25,000,000 at the present
day, and the $15,000,000 to be realized
is yet to be expended on construction.
No Affiliation With Steel Trust.
This company is not affiliated in any way
with the steel trust, and is protected from
it in its operations by a thousand miles of
rail haul on every side. The oriental trade
is already cutting some figure in its re
ceipts, and great developments are ex
pected in that direction. The interstate
commerce commission has given Colorado
the benefit of her geographical situation in
this respect, for it has ruled that the rates
to the Pacific coast need never be more
than 75 per cent of the rates from Chicago
to the Pacific coast, and in such a product
as steel the freight rate figures largely in
all bids for contracts.
The future of this great Industry, so im
portant to the west, seems already as*
sured, for last year's orders for steel were
refused, owing to limited capacity, which
would have brought the total output to a
million tons. With a physical plant equal
in value to its capitalization, fixed charges
amounting to less than $500,000 per year,
and ample sinking fund to tide over emer
gencies, such as strikes, etc., the enterprise
presents an interestipg contrast to the
hugely watered concerhs recently organized
east of the Mississippi.
With a profit of $2 per ton on Its steel
output next year,*the C. F. and I, Com
pany can pay 6 per cent upon its $38,000,
000 of common i^Qck.'^On the same basis
the "steel trust" IfiiuA^clear $8 per ton to
pay the same rato|Of interest. The profits
on steel are now>pft per ton or over, and
at these figures the. possibilities of this
Colorado plan^ beeonfe bewildering. With
the capacity whiofe will be given by im
provements now under way, and In a year
of good business &nd high prices, the C F.
and I. Company Can ffeure upon $11,000,000
profit in Its operations, $2,500,000 from its
coal mines and ^$8,500,000 from Its steel
works.
The C. F. and I. is essentially a western
enterprise. Its stock is widely scattered
but a majority is held by men who are op
erating the plant, and who have confidence
in the relations such an enterprise may
bear in time to the rapidly populating and
developing western states and territories.
John W. Gates, John Lambert, J J
Mitchell, all of Chicago, and the officers
of the company, all Colorado men, are the
principal stockholders. Some of these men
firmly believe that the time is close at hand
when the earnings of the company will be
at least 26 per cent upon Its capitalization.
One peculiar feature of this great indus
try is that Its stock has never been sup
Krted in the market. The company was
rn In 1892 through the consolidation of
the largest fuel company and the largest
Iron company In Colorado, both of which
had been struggling along under difficulties
for many years. The consolidation was a
matter of life of death to both of then,
but even then It waj? not pntll several
ye^rs later that the C. F. a??i !? Xoynqrit
self, and its owners realised the uestiny
of their property. In the market rumors
of various kinds and changing industrial
conditions have sent the stock up and
down, regardless of the real condition or
purposes of the company. Even in its
great strength today there is no vast
financial Inuence steadying this company s
securities in the market, and they respond
easily to buoyant or depressing influences.
The affairs of such a concern, widespread
and all powerful as.it is, are necessarily
woven closely into the social and political
life of the people of the several states and
territories in which it operates. The atti
tude of the company toward its employ
es has always been more or less paternal.
It has fought unionism from the start, and
has been able to prevent the unionizing of
the men in any of Its plants in any depart
ment of the business. A great number of
the men have worked for the company
many years, and in its earlier days when
money was not aiways forthcoming to pay
the coal miners, the latter have waited
patiently until sueh time as the company
was able to pay. There is no fear express
ed at the present time that the C. F. and
I, will ever be forced into a general con
flict with its employes. There is no or
ganization among the men and there is a
peculiar feeling of loyalty which comes
from long continued and amicable rela
tions.
Sociological Department.
One feature of the operation of this com
pany is its "sociological department,
which is in charge of Dr. R. W. Corwin,
the chief surgeon of the company. He has
been studying the social conditions of the
employes and has recently organized a
sj'stem of kindergartens, night schools and
instruction in domestic science for the
benefit of the miners and mill workers. He
is familiar with the manners and cus
toms of each of the thirty nationalities
represented on the pay rool of the com
pany. He knows that what would be taken
kindly by the Americans, Welsh, English
and Irish at Coal Creek or Crested Butte,
would not do among the negroes at W al
senburg or among the Chinese and Jap
anese at Gallup, New Mexico. He has
found that certain innovations are a suc
cess where the different nationalities are
almost homogeneous as at Glenwood or
Aspen, but are a failure at Gallup, where
there are negroes and Chinamen, Greeks
and Japs, Mexicans and Russians.
The work of the sociological department
will not only cover instruction in schooling
and domestic matters, but will include co
operation with the public schools, the hold
ing of regular courses of lectures, the
founding of libraries, reading rooms and
art exhibits, the organizing of clubs and
assistance in giving entertainments and so
cial gatherings of all kinds.
So far the kindergartens and night
schools have proved of the most practical
value. The kindergartens have been of
tremendous assistance to the wives of the
miners and millmen, and the night schools
have been very generally taken advantage
of. The company officials believe this work
will repay them handsomely for the con
siderable amount of capital invested, and
it is regarded throughout the state of Col
orado as of immense importance owing to
the fact that the employes of the C. F.
and I. with their families, represent a
community of at least 7r?,000 people.
It is customary to look upon the middle
west, especially from the view point of the
easterner, as a producer only of raw ma
terial. The success of this great coal and
iron industry is due not only to the fact
that the raw material lies ready to their
hand, but to the rapid transition of the
western states from a sparsely settled, raw
material country, to one of popirlus cities
and manufacturing Industries. It is but
an indication of what is to come in future
years whfn no one section will be depend
ent upon another for manufactured articles,
and the markets of each will be governed
by the point of least resistance in the
freight rates on connecting railroads. The
country is here; the raw material is here;
ail that Is needed is more people, and J. J.
Hill predicts that twenty million of these
will arrive within the next twenty-five
years. J. D. WHELPLEY. .
SEA LIONS XOT GUILTY.
Innoccnt of the Charge of Killing;
Pacific Salmon.
From the San Jose Mercury.
It is a pleasing thing to see the once de
spised and hunted sea lions and seals de
fended and their right to life upheld. A
war of extermination has been waged
against these animals along the coast from
California to Washington, and thousands
of them have been ruthlessly slaughtered.
State legislatures have aided in the work
by giving bounties. All this has been
done on the theory that they destroy tons
of fish daily and are therefore responsible
for the diminution of the fqod fishes along
the coast. It has been claimed that a sea
lion eats 400 or 500 pounds of fish every
day and bites many other fish so that
they die. ? The investigation now progress
ing along the coast by scientists sent out
from Washington, aided by other scientists
from our universities, appears to be prov
ing that this charge against them is not
true. Examination of the stomachs of
scores of them reveals the fact that fish
constitutes but a small portion of their
diet. It is to be hoped that this will prove
to be true, and that our legislatures will
pass acts protecting them from slaughter
instead of dooming them to extinction. It
has been well said that, regardless of
whether they live on an exclusive fish diet
or not, the record does not show them to
have been the cause of the decrease in
food fishes. When this coast was first
settled the lions climbed over the wave
lashed rocks by the thousands. Where
there is one now there was then a hundred,
and probably had been for centuries. At
the same time the waters swarmed with
fish. The fish have only declined since
man began his wasteful methods of fishing,
catching all he possibly can and permitting
almost none to reach their natural spawn
ing grounds.
Prance and Morocco.
Paris Letter In London Chronicle.
If the Gaulois is correctly informed,
tho new agreement between France and
the Moorish legation implies a further ad
vance toward the absorption of Morocco
into such European civilization as Algeria
enjoys. The Sultan Muley Abdul Aziz,
"Prince of True Believers," thirty-sixth in
descent from All, the son-in-law of the
prcphet himself, is nominally the most ab
solute monarch beneath the moon. Alike
in things temporal and spirtual he is with
in his dominions supreme*. Whether in
executions or doctrines his authority is
unquestioned. But unhappily, though om
nipotent, he is weak, and the great powers
have long cast eyes upon his realm. For a
long time it seemed to be a close race be
tween England and France which would
win, but there is no doubt that France is
leading easily now, and Russia at all
events does not discourage her. By the
present agreement French influence be
comes absolutely paramount on the south
and southeast frontiers, even, where France
does not actually annex the'sultan's land.
Morocco abandons the Sahara, promises
the admission of France to new trade dis
tricts, gives access to the so-called French
oases which France lately seized, and
grants her the right of constructing a
southwestern railway, and the organization
of special police. When the south and east
thus fall to France, the fate of Tangier
cannot be long delayed, and with much
that is iniquitous and cruel one of the
last picturesque and romantic nations will
have disappeared from the world.
The Arabs and the Telephone.
From the Independent.
We had a party of Arabs along with us,
and took them all over a great newspaper
office. Everything was wildly astonishing
to them. They had imagined that the Ko
ran contained all the wisdom and knowl
edge of the world, yet here was the tele
graph, the telephone, the electrotype, the
printing press. The place was a veritable
enchanter's castle to them. Thfey would
never have believed in the telephone if I
had not called up their hotel and got one
of their own party at that end of the wire.
The dervish who had come along was bold
as well as pious. When he heard that his
friend five miles away was talking through
the instrument he made a dash at it. He
was greatly excited, and yelled in & mega
phone voice. He thought we were tricking
him, but here was his friend talking Arab
ic. He rolled his eyes at me in a despair
ing manner, and then began a search for
devils, being quit* convinced that the
'phone was an invention of Satan.
Lady Curson of Kedleston has taken
Braemar Castle for the autumn months.
Braemar Is let on leas* to Prince and
Princess Dolgoroukl, who are spending the
autumn la Russia.
.AN OLD PROBLEM
Is There Compatibility Between Re
ligion and the Stage,
CUBA MORRIS THINKS THERE IS
An Actress' Life is Not Necessar
ily Without Faith.
HER OWN EXPERIENCES
(Copyright, 1901, by S. S. M (Chi re Co.)
Nothing in the autobiography seems to
have aroused so much comment, so much
surprise as my admission that I prayed in
moments of great distress or anxiety
even when in the theater.
One man writes that he never knew be
fore that there was "such a thing as a
praying actress." Poor fellow?one feels
there are lots of other things he doesn't
know; and, though I wish to break the
news as gently as possible, I have to in
form him that I am not a rara avis; that
many actresses pray. Indeed, the woods
are full of them, so to speak.
One very old gentleman finds this habit
of prayer "'commendable and sweet," but
generally there seems to be a feeling of
amazement that I should dare, as it were,
to bring the profession of acting to the
attention of our. Lord; and yet we are au
thorized ot pray: "Direct us, oh Lord, in
all our doings, and further us with Thy
continual help?that in all our work we
may glorify Thy holy name."
It is not the work but the motive, the
spirit that actuates the work, whether
embroidering stoles, Sawing wood, wash
ing dishes or acting?If it is done honestly
for the glory of the Holy Name?why may
one not pray for divine help? One lady
who, poor soul! should have been born two
or three hundred years ago, when her nar
rowness would have been more natural, is
shocked, almost indignant; and though she
is good enough to say that she does not
accuse me of "intentional sacrilege," still,
addressing a prayer to God from a theater
is nothing less in her eyes than profana
tion. "For," she says, "you know we must
only seek God in his sanctuary?the
church!"
Some thousands of us would # become
heathen if we never found God save inside
of a church.
Does this poor lady not read her Bible
then? Has she not heard the psalmist
cry: "If I ascend up into heaven Thou are
there! If I make my bed in hell, behold,
Thou are there also! Whither shall I fiee
from Thy presence?" Surely there are a
f great many places besides the church be
tween heaven and hell, and even in a the
ater we may not flee from this presence.
Lest the young girl writers should feel
abashed over their expressions of surprise
at my conducct I will show them what
good company they have had. A good
many years ago a certain famous scholar
and preacher of New York city called upon
me when I was absent attending rehearsal.
The creed of his denomination was particu
larly objectionable to me, but, having wan
dered into the big stone edifice on 4th ave
nue one Sunday, I was so charmed by his
clear reasoning, his eloquence and, above
all, by his evident sincerity that I con
tinued to go there Sunday after Sunday.
The PnNtor'a Remarks.
In my absence he held converse with my
mother as to his regret at missing me; as
to the condition of the weather; as to the
age and attainments and breed of my small
?dog, who had apparently been seized with
a burning desire to get into his lap. (We
afterward found she only wished to rescue
her sweet cracker which he sat upon).
In his absent-minded way he then fell
into a long silence?his handsome, scholarlv
head drooping forward. Finally he sighed
and remarked: "She Is an actress?your
daughter?"
My mother, with lifted brows, made sur
prised assent.
"Yes?y-yes," he went on gently, "an ac
tress, surely, for I see my paper commends
her work. I have noticed her presence in
our congregation, and her intelligence. (I
never sleep in the daytime.) Our ladies
like her, too?an actress, and yet takes an
interest in her soul's salvation?wonderful!
I?I don't understand! No! I don't under
stand!" a speech which did little to enTiear
its maker to the actress' mother, I'm afraid.
This reverend gentleman was personally
gentle, kind, considerate and naturally
just?yet knowing no actor's life, never
having seen the Inside of a playhouse, he,
without hesitation, denounced the iheater
and declared it the gate of hell!
In the amusing correspondence which fol
lowed that call the great preacher was on
the defensive from the first, and in reading
over two or three letters, which because of
blots or errors had to be recopied, 1 a in
fairly amazed at the temerity of tome of
my remarks. In one place I charged hi;n
with "standing upon his closed Bible to
lift himself above sinners, instead of going
to them with the open volume and teach
ing them to read its precious message."
Became Friends, Though.
Perhaps he forgave much to my youth
and passionate sincerity?at all events, we
were friends. I had the benefit of his ad
vice when needed, and, In spite of our
being of different creeds, he it was who
performed the marriage servica for my
husband and myself.
The question, then, that has been put so
many times, is, "Can there be any.compaC*
ibility between religion and ths stage?"
Now, had it been a question of church
and stage, I should have been forced to
admit that the exclusive spirit of the first
and the unending occupation of the serond
kept them uncomfortably far apart. But
the quesfion has invariably been as to a
compatibility between religion and the
stage. Now, I take it, that religion means
a belief in God and the desire and effort
to do His will. Therefore I see nothing in
compatible between religion and acting.
I am a church woman now, but for many
years circumstances prevented my enter
ing the great army of Christians, who have
made public confession of their faith and
received baptism, as an outward and vis
ible sign of a spiritual change. Yet during
those long years without a church 1 was
not without religion. I knew naught of
"justification," of "predestination," of
"transsubstantiation." I only knew I must
obey the will of God. Here was the Bible
?it was the word of God! There was
Christ?beautiful, tender, adorable! and He
said: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God
with all thy he<yt. with all thy soul and
with all thy mind!" This is the first and
great commandment?and the second is like
unto it. "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as
thyself." On these two commandments
hang all the law and the prophets.
Add to these the old Mosaic "ten" and
you have my religious creed complete.
And though it is simple enough for a child
to comprehend it is difficult for the wisest
to give perfect obedience, because it is not
always easy to love that tormenting neigh
bor even a little bit, let alone as one's self.
A Misconception.
How I wish there was some other word
to take the place of "religion." It has
been so abused, so misconstrued. Thou
sands of people shrink from the very sound
of It, believing that to be religious means
the solemn, sour-faced setting of one foot
before the other in a hard and narrow
way?the shutting out of all beauty, the
outting off of all enjoyment. Oh, the pity,
the pity! Can't they read. "Let all those
that seek Thee be joyful and glad in Thee,
and let such as love Thee and Thy salva
tion say always, 'The Lord be praised!' "
Again, "The Lord loveth a cheerful giver."
But it is not in giving alone that he loves
cheerfulness. Real love and trust in God?
which Is religion, mind you?opens the eye
to beauty, the heart to sympathy, the car
to harmony; and all the merriment and joy
of life is but the sweeter for the reverent
gratitude one returns to the Divine Giver.
One evening in & green room chatter the
word "religious" had in some way been
applied to me, and a certain actress of
"small parts," whose life had been of the
bitterness of gall, suddenly broke out with,
"What??what's that? Religious You?
Well, I guess notl Why, you've more
spirit in a minute than the rest of us have
In a week, and are as full of capers as a
puppy! I guess I know religion when l
see K! It makes children loathe the Bible
by forcing them to learn a hundred of its
verses for punishment. It pulls down the
shades on Jtandays, eats odd meat and
pickles; locks up bookcase and piano and
discharges the girl for walking with her
b?au. Oh, no, my dear, you're not relig
ious!"
Poor, abused word! No wonder II terri
fies people.
She Frit Her Attire.
Some years ago a party of ultra-high
church women decided to wear only black
during Lent. On?? of these ladies conde
scended to know me, and In speaking cC
the matter she said: "Oh, I think this
black garb is more than a fad?it really
operates for good. It is so appropriate,
you know, and?and a constant reminder
of that first great fast?the origin of Lent;
and as I walk about In trailing black I
know I look devout, and that makes mo
feel devout, and so 1 pray often?and you're
always the better for praying, even if your
dress was at the bottom of it. And?oh,
well. I feel that I am in the picture when I
wear black during Lent."
But the important thing Is that before
the Lenten season was half over female
New York was walking the streets In gen
tle. black-robed dignity, and evidently in
joying the keeping of Lent, because, to use
a theatrical expression, "it knew it look'd
the part."
So much Influence do these petted, be
loved daughters of the rich exercise'over
the many that I have often wished that,
for the sake of the poorer women, the
wealthy ones would set a fashion of ex
treme simplicity of costume for church go
ing Every feminine creature has an in
alienable right to make herself as lovely
as possible?and these graceful, clever
wcmen of fashion would know as well how
to make simplicity charming as does the
grande dame of France, who is never more
grande dame than when, in plain little bon
net, simple gown and a bit of fichu, she
attends her church.
The Little Mnldn* Aninor.
These bright butterflies have all the long
week to flutter in their magnificence. Their
lunches, dinners, teas, dances, games,
yachts, links, race courses, give occasion
for glorious display. Will they not then
be sweetly demure on Sunday for the sako
of "the picture"?and spare their sisters tho
agony of craving for richly beautiful ap
parel?since God has made them so and
they can't help wanting to be lovely tool
Perhaps some day a woman of fashion,
simply clad, will turn up her pretty nose
contemptuously at splendor of dress at
church service and whixper: "What bad
form!"
Then, indeed, as the tide sets her way,
she will realize her power. The church will
have many more attendants. The very poor
woman will not be so cruelly humiliated
and the wage-earning girl, who puts so
much of her money into finery, will have
a more artistic and a more suitable model
to follow.
To those two little maids who so anxious
ly Inquire if I believe prayer Is of any real
service, and why, since my own could not
always have been answered, I can only
say they are in a minority and I have no
authority to answer their question here.
Perhaps, however, they may recall the fact
that their loving mother tenderly refused
seme of their most passionate demands in
babyhood, and that we are yet but children,
who ofteti pray to our Father for those
things we may not have.
CLARA MORRIS.
DR. KIXYOL'VS MISSION.
To Study It niton lc IMagrue nnd Other
Far-Kant Uliieake*,
From the Honolulu Republican.
On his way through the countries of the
orient, via the paradise of the Pacific, look
ing for bubonic plague bacilli, as well as
the germs of all other diseases against
which modern science teaches that it Is
necessary and advisable for civilized na
tions to guard by means of a perfect quar
antine system, Dr. Kinyoun, who attained
fame on the coast as federal quarantine of
ficer at San Francisco during the alleged
epidemic of plague In that city, is at pres
ent in our midst, marveling at the beauties
of Honolulu and wishing that his duties
necessitated his remaining here the rest
of his days.
"I am on a long Journey. I expect to
visit Japan, China, the Philippines and pos
sibly India. It is my mission to study in
all these countries the various diseases
against which it is desirable to establish
quarantine regulations. No one so well un
derstands the handling of a disease as the
natives of^ country in which that disease
is at times epidemic. While, of course, I
will pay particular attention to the plague,
I shall also spend much time investigating
other diseases and the handling thereof.
"I shall go first to Japan. The Japanese
are well up in the matter of handling con
tagious diseases, and much can be gained
by a study of their methods. From Japan
I will go to China and from that country I
will go to the Philippines, where I ex
pect to find a great'deal to engage my time.
Not only is there the plague in the Philip
pines to a great extent, but in that coun
try there is a form of dysentery which calls
for especial attention on the part of the
quarantine authorities of the United States.
"This whole matter is a very important
one. When you take into consideration the
vast trade between the orient and the
United States it is most important that the
government should be as well informed as
is possible on the matter of all the forms
of diseases peculiar to oriental countries.
"Now, you take this form of dysentery in
the Philippines, which has played so much
havoc with a number of our soldiers. This
is very contagious and needs guarding
against with thd utmost vigilance.
"I do not know just how long I will be
on my travels. It may not take as long as
I at first expected. I am of the opinion
that I will accomplish enough In Japan and
China and the Philippines to save my going
to India. I think I can find out enough
about the plague and other diseases in the
countries I have named without going any,
farther."
:?? ? ?
Congested London Thoroughfares.
From the National IleTlew.
In almost every large foreign city wide
streets or boulevards have been cut with
in the century. Fans, Brussels, Berlin,
Vienna, do not suffer from our congested
thoroughfares. Abroad it is no uncommon
sight to see tramways in the center,
wheeled traffic on either side in two lines,
with, outside that again, tracks for both
cycles and pedestrians. Something of the
kind is essential In London. Fast traffic
must be separated from slow if transit is
to be quick, and the bigger London grows,
the greater the area that it covcrs, the
greater the necessity for quick transit to
take the worker swiftly from his labor in
the heart of London to the better a?: of tho
suburbs. As it is, the cyclist and the mo
torist lose much of the advantage in speed
possessed by their mounts the minute they
enter traffic. The police have made in
effectual efforts to compel all carmen and
drivers of vehicles moving at a slow or
walking pace to keep as near as possible
to the left-hand side. Were this rule strin
gently enforced it might be of some value,
but every cyclist who rides In traffic knows
that it is more honored-In the brcach than
by observance. Moreover, si jw-inoving
vehicles near fhe curb find their progress
checked at every moment by vane and cars
loading or unloading. The big carrier com
panies have been approached on the sub
ject of sending their vans by back streets
or doing their work in the night or early
hours of the day, but they maintain, with
every appearance of reason, that this is
impossible, and they complain that as
things are they find It daily more and
more difficult to get through their business.
Obviously, to exile their vans from the
streets in the "rush" hours?a measuro
that has been advocated?would be a stag
gering blow at the none too prosperous
trade of London. The omnibuses, which
are almost as slow and troublesome, are a
necessity?unless we have tramway*. But
between them, vans and omnibuses render
really fast progress impossible.
MeaamerUm.
From the Philadelphia Times.
Hypnotism, of which so much Is being
heard these days, is only an old subject un
der a new name. It and mesmerism are
often spoken of as distinct matters, but
hypnotism to all Intents and purposes la
the agency by which the Swiss physician
Mesmer created such excitement and per
formed such apparently miraculous feats
around 1770 in Paris, Vienna and London.
The unfavorable report made by the Inves
tigating committee appointed by the
French government, and which Included
Dr. Frankling among its members, killed
mesmerisxh and relegated Its founder to an
obscurity from which he never emerged
till his death In 1815 at the age of eighty
three. The principle of animal magnetism
that he discovered, with its trance features,
suggestion,, curative value and the whole
fundamental outfit of modern-hypnotism,
was his work.