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LAND ( (Opyrischt, ISO', by Frank O. Carpenter.) ALEXANDRIA. T AM AGAIN in the great seaport of the 8 valley of the Niie My lirst visit to It was twenty-five years ago. Just before AraM 1'asha started the rebellion which threw Kgypt Into the hands of t\N Knslish. I saw it axain seven years r un my way around the world, and I ' now a new city which has risen up and ..allowed those of the past. Alexandria of today stands upon the i of the frreatest of the commercial cen t "f antiquity, but Its pr? sent buildings s young as those of Now York, Chli or Boston. It Is one of the boom t : s of the old world, anil It has all f * :i ni> within 100 years. When George inxt'.n was President It was little ii tl:in a ylllage. I! has now more than 4 ii i" i'i>le. anil It will soon reach a half i: > n. \ \:in.iria is a city with all modern imrnt-Tits It has wide streets as well I as those of Washington. It has squares whi'-h will compare favorwlth many In Europe. and buildings v h wouhi Do an ornamcni 10 any iuwn :r continent. It is now a city of street - and automobiles. Its citizens walk < . ido t?> its theaters by the light of elecT: ity. and its rich men gamble by readi _ ti;e ticker in its stock exchange. It is ;.'vvn ??f big hotels. Kay cafes and pal galore. In addition to the MoJ .enmedans. there are more than lUO.OOO r : s ian Kuroiu-ans now living in it, and : n.-ng them som * of the smartest business i> n of the Mediterranean sea. The city I .-4 I - "'Tin' runilrn'l' ..U. llll-lr j ui>.n>Rf, H..u I rluae hunting. The rise anil fall of ? k*. the tx.om in real estate and the ,.;n methods <if getting something for : ..:ig are Its chief subjects of conversaand tl.e whole population Is after the sue piastre and the Egyptian pound as i j ni stlv as the American Is chasing the > ; k?: and the dollar. Alexandria's New Harbor. Tt !s easy to see where Alexandria's w alth comas from. It is growing fat from trade of the Nile valley. It Is the water ?. ite to Egypt and the Soudan. and every i nt's worth of Roods that goes in and out 1 is to pay toll. More than four thousand s'.ips ent< r this port every year, and therj ;.re now vessels in the harbor irom nearly very part of the world. I fame to Egypt from Malta on a ship bound to India and Australia, and I can get a steamer any week which within flftean days will take me to New York. The German lines are making a spe laity of Kgyptian passenfr<rs and freight. and they are gradually <-apt tiring the bulk of the Mediterranean commerce. Alexandria has one of the best harbors on t tie Mediterranean. The port has been imjn vt'd within the past few years until its u<-i i iLPcmpnts fur loadine and unloading I: vjs are unsurpassed. It has a breakwater two miles In length an<l the biggest oc< an steamers can come right up to tin quay. There are 2.3W acres of water In winch ships cnji have a safe anchorage, and many vessels come here to coal. The mom i f ti e coal Is brought from Kngland, and ]> ft until the ships need it Something like ]l' tons were thus handled last year, " " nv r\f tho Gfo:impr?! nn thpir wav in tc and out from the Suez canal stop at A1 tx.mdria for fuel. I do not know how much the harbor haf ( St. save that it runs high into the millions of dollars. When Mehamet All made [ Alexandria his capital the place was only a, village with no connection with the Nile. He dug a canal fifty miles long to that frreat waterway, and there is now a stream of vessels going up and down that cans' carrying goods into the valley and bringing the cotton, sugar, grain and other prolucts out to the sea. The canal was constructed by forced labor. The felleheen, to the number of a quarter of a million, scooped the nn.nd out with their hands and carried it away in baskets. It took them a year to dig the fifty-mile ditch, and they were so over' worked that 30.<>0i> died on the job. Me hamet All also spent an enormous amount on the harbor, and Ismail Pasha laid out more than $12.UUO,000 In the same way. ] IRRITATION OF THE SKIN BOGTHED AND CURED BY SIMPLE METHODS OB LOTIONS. An excessive irritation of the skiri that <loeB not amount to prickly heat, but still is most uncomfortable, is one of the unpleasant effects of warm weather, that unless allayed often becomes serious. It's the constant rubbing or scratching of affected parts that develops soreness which cooling or soothing applications will pre vent. If bites of any insects, including mosquitoes, are responsible for the discomfort. a combination of a'half dram of betanapthul and a gill of lavender water will be found excellent. Alcohol may be substituted for the lavender water if desired. This should be rubbed on frequently. Another good thing is a half ounce of ointment of oleate of mercury with five grains of camphor. This should not be used if the skin is broken. When the irritation can be traced as being due to overheated blood almost anything cooling is soothing. In simple cases frequent bathing with cold water made strong with bicarbonate of soda is excellent, but it is not a cure. More likely to subdue the itching entirely is a mixture of half a dram of carbolic acid in crystals and Ifcalf a lit of alcohol. This is strong and may be diluted with more alcohol If wished. In any cuse It Is poison If taken Internally, and the bottle should be so marked. It Is used by mopping the irritated places with soft muslin. Nettle rash, that looks and feels so like prfckly heat, comes from a slight poison in tho blood and requires internal medicines At the same time the frightful itching may be allayed by using a preparation of one dram of boracic acid, a quarter of an ounce of ointment of rosewater and a quarter of an ounce of oxide of zinc ointment. Tiiis should be well mixed and applied externally frequently. The s;ime is good for prickly heat, but this form of summer Irritation does'not require quite such a strong remedy. Everything piowible should be done to cool the biood, gl.tweight clothing should be worn, V.< itii.g foods avoided, alcohols entirely ?. t. 'iau-a rrom m?- aiet ana cooi uuins tak?ri twloo a day. As fre/]uentl> as one m.t> the affected p?rts should be mopp**d with a lotion made of two ounces of lime water and a quarter ounce of levigated calamine. This should be shaken before us'ng Any simple toilet powder, such as talcum, or even powdered starch, chalk or m?K?esi?, may be plentifully sprinkled ever. The infection from poison Ivy distinctly take* the form of Itching, am! at the first 1 mil cat ion of it the pla<e should be washed in alcohol, mopping well. After that apply i? lotion made of a quarter ounce of lmi .ire carbonate of zinc and one ounce each ?> glycerine and lime water. It is well to \\?t a thin muslin with this and keep it constantly moist over the place. * The Scotch Juror. From Chambers* Journal. I Jn Scotland in a civil case jurymen get ! J" shilling* ($2.50) a day for their services, j it ml the litigants must in addition provide t a with lunch. If two cases are tried < r cutively on one day. and the same . m? n onu.ui.te, u 10 ami*inga lor * < ri case. i the most Important difference betv?.'-n an English and a Scottish Jury is if An English jury when returning ti \fidict must be unanimous, and if < tl i'.ul it) agree afu-r a certain length of t! f ?*y arc dismissed and the whole }>. i-dlngs are begun again de novo before . a ' sr. jury. Ti.iss is a. in .at expensive w n; <.f administering justice. In civil vr- iri order to avoid this result, the iiuk iits sometimes agree to accept the veri:;. t of a majority. In Scotland the Jur> can always Kive a verdict by a majority in civil cas's atter the apse of three houi s. )F THE NIL REAL EST I (I i - . .. ,. ... f 5 ??K. , A > . ?- ?3$Ji ' " " ' '' : ' ' ' ' * ' k far ALEXftND] i Since the English took hold they have been steadily making other improvements, and they have works now under way which will cost millions more. The commerce of the port is increasing enormously, and th< city promises to become even greater than it has been in the past. Egypt in 1907. The conditions at Alexandria are typical of the new Egypt. Old Mother Nile has drawn on the seven-league boots of modern progress and she is growing in wealth like a Jlmson weed in an asparagus bed. When I first visited her a quarter of a century ago, her country was a land of the dead, with the obelisks and the Pyramids as its chief landmarks. Then its most interesting characters were the mummified king ,of 2.000 odd years ago and her chief visitors were antiquity hunters and cne-lunged tourists after a warm winter climate. These same characters are here today, but in addition have come the capitalist, the syndicate and the ardent dollar chaser. Egypt is now a land of banks and stock exchanges. It throngs with civil engineers, irrigation experts and men interested in the development of the country by electricity and steam. The delta or the great fan of land which begins at Cairo and stretches out to the Mediterranean is gridironed with iron tracks amj railroad trains now carry one almost t<* the heart of central Africa. When I was last here about sixteen years ago Egypt was importing goods to the amount of twenty-five or thirty million doHars. She is now buying more than $100,0)0.000 worth every twelve months and her exports are more than twice what they were at that time. They now amount to $HO,COO.OOO a yeai and are increasing right along. In other letters I shall describe the wonderful banking development that has gone on here and the extraordinary increase in land values throughout the whole valley of the Nile. I am told that in the lower delta farm lands are selling from $T>00 to $1,000 an acre." and that especially good tracts bring even more. All the way up the Nile from Cairo to Assiout, for a distance of about 3<tU miles, you cannot buy an acre of cultivable land for less than $200, and many a farmer would refuse to sell his little tract f6r $500 per. Rents of lands have gone up In the same proportion, and I know of farms which are bringing from $20 to $.">0 an acre per year. The same conditions obtain as to the real estate of the cities. Both Cairo and Alexandria are Inflating their values, and land is so high in Cairo itself that a suburban development has begun, and in the future the poorer of the foreigners vrill probably have their homes outside the city. "Western CiWlization and Vices. I find Egypt (.ianging in character. The TREASURY DEPA1 OFTEN <?ig Corporations Want Gnnd l^Ien Thev Go to Uncle Sam's Service to Get Them. Uncle, Sam's financial system must be sound, for the men who hold prominent treasury positions are most sought after material. * The department of which Mr. Cortelyou is now the head has developed Into a sort of breeding place for chieftains of the great banks of the country. From the time a man becomes Secretary of the Treasury, or even gains one of the assistant places, he becomes a marked man on the part of the big financial institutions. Immediately they ail want him. and he must be liberally supplied with cash and patriotism to refuse the kind of offers they make. Salaries they extend far outclass the comparatively modest payment that Uncle Sam allows. It is small "wonder, therefore, that one by one they succumb and quit Washington for New York, Chicago and other financial centers. The recent selection of George E. Roberts, director of mint, to be president of the strong Commercial Hank, of Chicago, is an instance of this tendency. Perhaps the directors figured that If he were skillful enough to make money for Uncle Sim he ought to know how to take of it for them. Hence the election. Despite his ability, Mr. Roberts might never have come to this preferment but for the prom:nence that political life gave him. This is a good practical argument for a young man to get Into politics and act honestly in the public service, not for the immediate return, but for the chances it will make for him with big financial interests. where a salary of jil.OCO ;s consul red very r?od?*t. The man whom Mr. Roberts succeeds made I his f.mie In WasbftiKton. Hi; was James H. K< kels. controller of tiie Treasury" tinder President Cleveland. He resigned In 1 .siik t<> accept the presidency of the Commercial B:tnk, and lie held the poet to tlie time of his death recently. Here's Another. Another controller of the Treasury, Kdward S. I^acey, looked to Chicago like ' the kind of stuff of which financiers are [ made, aritl lie was attracted from Washington to assume control of the Bankers' National Bank. Th's was fifteen years ago, hut his services have become so valuable that today he is still in charge, but at a much increased salary over the figure he was paid when he first came from Washington. ? Frank A. Vanderlip, once a machinist, later a newspaper man, who first came Into prominence as the business associate of Lyman Gage, is another example of a j 1'nited States Treasury official taken from trie puDiic service Because a private vuxporatlon needed his work. A place, had to be specially created for him In the National c.ty Bank of New York, famous as the institution from which the Standard Oil Company handles its banking business. This bank has a capital of and its deposits are eight times as great, which makes it the leading linani ial institution of the I'nited States. It ha3 a staff of highly paid officials, and the supposition would have been that enough knowledge of banking existed to render any outside aid ur.ecessary. But they found out that they must have Mr. Vanii;.Tl p. Terms were not at issue. They E ENJOYING V.TE ON THE * * ' %v v '* ^ **f-:e;MrMt*>y*T^n^ii:^:~**** 'll^^l*^<>^ v 4Ml Mohammedans are being corrupted by the Christians, and the simple living taught by the Koran, whereby the believer abstains from strong drink and other vices, has become Infected with the gay and giddy .pleas uit-e ui nit? r rencn. *_:uro, me cuy ui irie Arabian nights, Is fast becoming a city of Parisian nights, and tiie Mohammedan call to prayer Is now mingled with the bacchanalian songs of the cafe chantants. In many case9 the system of the harem is being exchanged for something worse. The average Mohammedan ihas but one wife, but in many cases he has a sweetheart in a house around the corner. The ghouls of modern science are robbing the graves of those who made the Pyramids. A telephone lino has been stretched out of Cairo almost to tihe ear of the Sphinx, and there is a hotel at the base of the Pyramid of Cheops where English men and women drink brandy and soda between their games of tennis and golf. The Egypt of today is a land of mighty hotels and multitudinous tourists. Our consul general estimates that Americans alone sp'-nd almost four million dollars here every winter, and tlie English, French and Germans sp?i,d almost as much. He estimates that tiHere are ten tljoufand Americans who visit the Nile valle^ every season and that It costs each one of them something like $10 per day for an average stay of two months. When I first visited this country the donkey was the chief means of transport, and men, women and children went about on long-eared beasts, with Arab boys in blue - / _ n j v..1.1?,j ? _ .._?i? gowns lunuwillg uriimu miju uibjii? 111? animals along by poking sharp sticks into patches of bare flesh, as big as a dollar, which had been denuded of skin for the purpose. The donkey and the donkey boy are here still, but I can get a street car in Alexandria that will take me to any part of the town, and I have to jump m>w and then to get out of the way of an automobile. There are cabs everywhere and Alexandria and Cairo have thousands of them. The new hotels $re extravagant beyond description. In tihis, where I am now writing, the rates are from 80 to 100 piasters per day, and inside the hotel walls I am as far from the old Egypt as I would "be in the Waldorf at N'ew York. The servants are Tj'rfinr-li.cnCfjUinC Stplcc in SWfll lnTJL'-t-* 11 coats, and their palms itch for foes Just as j do those of their class In our big hotels. In my bedroom there is an electric bell, and 1 can go out Into the hall and talk over the telephone to tV i consut "general at Cairo. The hotel Is packed with guefcts. and on Its register I see counts by tiie score and lords by the dozen. The men come to dinner In J steel pen coats and the women In silks with low n^cks -and short sleeves. - There Is a ! babel of English. French and German doing on In the drawing room while the guests drink coffee there after dinner, and the only evidence one perceives of the land of the Pharaohs Is the tall mtrfarets whi< h here RTMENT A TRAIIS BECOME HEADS C ~ EDMPD&ldC/FY fPANK/i were willing to pay any sum within Yeason to get him, and just so that he could feel at home, and get a sense of the permanency of his stay, the office of vice president, formerly merely an honorary title, was de * Triviprti iulu ?i jiiavc bci-uiiu uiuy III jiuffvr to the president. Then >lr. Vanderltp came. Mr. Gage Enticed Away. his change from Uncle Sam to a private corporation as an employer Mr. Vanderltp followed the lead of his old chieftain, Lyman H. Gage, former Secretary of the Treasury. Gige, when appointed to the place by r ERA OF G L BUU1V1 AIM i Tempdej of fjjm ^ Uzgs and there reach above the other building ot the city, and the voices of the muezzin; a sthey stand upon thein and call out to th Mohammedans to come to prayer. Mohammedans Growing Rich. The changes which I have described ar by no means confined to the Christians The natives are growing rich and the Mo bammedans xnre' for the first tima in tin historv of Ktrvot niliti2 un monev. The1 are Investing their suri>lus in real estate and it is this that has done much to.swel all land values. Egypt is still a country of the Egyptians notwithstanding the government of th< I English ar.i the influx of the foreigners. I has now about 10.000,000 people and o these 9,?00.0.;o are either. Arab? or descendant* of the original Egyptians. Th< most of then are Mohammedans, althougl there are all told something like <500,001 Copts. The Copts are the decendants ol the ancient Egyptians. They have a rude kind Gf Christianity, and are, as a body better educated and wealthier than th< Mohammedans. They are noted as clerk; and accountants and are also tine workmen in gold and silver and In other sucl trades. They are money makers and money savers and I understand that many oi them, especially in upper Egypt, are now making fortunes. The pure Mohammedan: do not as a rule go into banking or moneylending. That Is against the Koran and they Invest most of their savings in lands. The foreign population of Egypt is less than 200,000. Tiie greater part of It is ti be found in Alexandria and Cairo, and ir the other towns of the Nile valley, as \\ell as In Suez and Port Sa-id. There are raorf Greeks tha/i any other. The Greeks havt i been exploiting the Egyptians andthe Nile [ valley-for more than 2.000 years and the> [ are today the sharpest, shrewdest anil niosl unscrupulous business men in it. They dc much of the banking arid money lending and until the government established banks of its own and brought down the rate oi Interest, they demanded an enormous usury from the Egyptian peasants. Thej lon.ned money on lunds and crops, and the!) interest rate is said to have averaged 130 per cent per annum. This was changed about six years ago hj the establishment of the Agricultural Banl JING SCHOOL, GR )F THE NATION'S * X 3 *^ 11 wl 1 *i iftl sBfea^BBl --;: ' Wk lyjgatffl^BfflSBy CMMB BMI a^BBa^BB&^x^^gBB ?Mi.*-u.M' wU&wM .J^BbBi v _^g *. * '; MM&PL/P Gfi2??QB?g7? ." j'- > President McKinley, was highly ratad In Illinois ns a flnanclrr of first rank, but the remainder of the country, while it Knew his name, had never ranked him among "the giants. But from the time he took hold of the nation's finances he found himself a mu<<h sought for mail, and eventually he eapitulatfd. and took the presidency of the United States Trust Company. T:ie man who came after Mr. Gage in the high office of guardian of the country's cas.i, Leslie M. Shaw of Iowa, had an expenence much similar to that of Mr. Gage. He had made money in Iowa and had been elected governor of the state. But his fame as a handler o? million* had by do s REAT PROS] -i thp ppop JLDBMHaaHHHMM Jfow^TO > r : ? on the part of the Kovernment. that bank lending money to the farm?rs at 9 per cent : ! to within 50 per cent of the value of their farms. Today the peasants all over Egypt can get money at 9 per cent, and the Gr.-eks have had to come down on their rates. There are now over forty thousand Greeks In Egypt and they operate as far north as the Sudan. ' The Italians number about twenty-five ' thousand, and the Fr?noh somewhere between fifteen and twenty thousand. There are many Italian shops here in Alexandria ' and there are < hundreds of Italians doing ' business in Cairo. They also furnish some ! ! of the best mechanics. Many of them are masons and the greater part of the As. souan dam and other works of a similar nature have been constructed by them. Th?re are also Germans, Austrians and Russians, together with a few Americans and Belgians. The Germans are largely In evidence as clerks and they carry on mercantile business s in many of the cities Tl.n Prtt'cVi amnnnto tn nhntit i twenty thousand, but a large number of these are soldiers or civil officials, and anions them are something like six thou I sand Maltese and six hundred British East Indians. Practically the whole government r is administered by the British, although : many of ths subordinate officers are naADUATES FROM M 5 GREAT FINANCL ', ' : ' : ', : ' : . ' : . *- V-V. Ig&M +* - " ' ? ,% ,\ " means gone to the uttermost ends of the earth when. In 1902, President Roosevelt decided that he was the man to put In charge of the Treasury building. At that time the appointment was even somewhat criticised, for some of the President's enemies accused him of desiring' to remove a formidable presidential aspirant by making Mr. Shaw a member of his official family. But the new' Secretary proved lie had an admirable eauioment for the nlace. and in all the problems he faced acquitted himself with credit. Those who said that Mr. Shaw was only a country banker had to revise their ideas. There wm no. lack of force or origiaaiiiy PERITY. 'LE GETTIN( - v." .^H^^Bk- .. :.. -?>A :: l^HEnil ^THgf NEj^PHIIOC. tlve Egyptians. There are some French amonx the officials who have held oi-er from the time when France was powerful In Egypt; a few have come her? to manage Bugar and cotton mills owned by Frenchmen, and others are shopkeepers In Alexandria and Cairo. Alexandria the Ancient. Returning to Alexandria, sitting here In this $5 a day hotel, surrounded by all the luxuries of Paris or New York, I find It | hard to realize that I am In one of the very oldest cities of history. I started out today to look up relics of the past, going In a cab by mile after mile of modern buildings, and traveling over the site of the metropolis which flourished here long before Christ was born. The only object of note still left Is Pompey's pillar, and that is new in comparison with the earliest history of old Egypt. It was put up only sixteen hundred years ago. and Jong after Alexandria had become one of the greatest cities of the world. The monument has been said to stand over the grave.of Pompey, but It was really erected by an Egyptian prefect as a landmark for sailors, a burning fire upon Its top being visible for miles about this part of the Mediterranean sea. The pillar consists of a massive col- | VHICH \L INSTITUTIONS Number of Prominent Bank Officials Obtained in Washington Constantly Increasing. In his administration. During the time the responsibility of handling the country's finances was In his hands there came serious disturbances. Every one of these eaw him emerge a victor. In some Instances the methods he employed were novel, but In every case they availed In their object. He was by far the most picturesque member of the cabinet, and his homely but apt illustrations made him a great favorite as a political spsaker. When the offer came from the newly organized Carnegie Trust Company that he accept the place of president, ilr. Roosevelt urged him to stick to the cabinet. He did defer his withdrawal from public life until Congress adjourned, so that pending matters could be cleared up bafore the bureau was committed to Cortelyou. mv. ranaw maue ins nrsi uotame success as an advocate of the gold standard at a time when silver sentiment was still rife In the middle west. lie had the courage to oppose his neighbors then, and he has lost none of It now. He admits that he Is still a receptive candidate for the presidency, but denies that he will make any active canvass. The Case of Mr. Morton. When the corporations can't get a Treasury chieftain for head of their organizations. they go over the remainder of the President's cabinet in search of a man with the right kind of talents. Thus Mr. Paul Morton was a valued member of President Roosevelt's advisory forces till the corporations decided that they needed his talents, and made him president of the .Equitable Assurance Company, knowing that his ability and clean name WUUiU Itti LUVVttlU LIUII V 1JHJ111^ Hie CUUIltry that a new regime of honesty had succeeded the old administration of crookedness. President Cleveland's former Secretary of the Treasury, John G. Carlisle, now a leader of the New York bar, finds his ripe legal abilities drawn on frequently in matters involving a knowledge of finances In the big. President Cleveland himself was hired byInsurance companies after tiie humiliating exposures of the Investigation, led by Charles E. Hughes, now governor, of New York, to aid in housecleaning. It is significant of the buslnessi prowess of the Americap mind that there is no lack of talent for these high places. Despite the special ability required and the immense amount of responsibility, that must be incurred by those In executive positions, a constantly rising number of alert young Americans keep up a never-ending supply.There need be no regret that the big salaries offered to treasury officials weans them away from the service of Uncle Sam. Tihelr presence in places of trust will help confidence In our financial institutions; for men like Roberts. Vanderlip, Lacey, Shaw, Morton, etc.. have the trust of their fellowcitizens. It is a good thing for the country that the Treasury Department can continue to be a training school for heads "of the nation's big financial Institutions. value or xact. From the London Lady. Women have more constant need of exercising the gift of tact than men. Theirs is, as a rule, essentially the day of little things, and a little of it serves to leaven most of the heaviest lumps of life. I v_r RICH. | limn of pollshd granite as Mg around a* the boiler of a railroad locomotive an 1 hs high as a ten-?lory Hat. It coneis s of on solid block of atone, standing straignt ui ' * - ** jitsirniJii. II \v;ia ClUf? OUT Of ' 1 ? (jUU rlw of A?own f.ir up th? Niie v Il< y and waa hroujilK down the river on r.tfts an I lifted In soma way of other to present position ail evidence of Its ni< ! t :; ?l i is now to bo seen in the exeavatlo: < ? i the antiquarians are maka; it tinpedestal. PurhiK the past : a months they have been discing ?n the i.tr'.i: fir be low its foundation and have taken nut several massive stone suhlnii.i. t'.e Ii . Is of some of which are still wrapped In !.s In Ordt'r to protect them from Injur) tint 1 they can be taken to the musetrv.s o' this city and Cairo. I shall send hum i i hot graph which I have just made of one of these sphinxes. They date back ,to the old Alexandria and were chiseled out several hundi d years before Joseph and Mary took the little baby Jesus on an ass across the desert into this valley of the Nile that he might nut be killed by Herod til" King. It was 8.'W years before Christ u.is born that this city was founded by Alex uider th? Great, and 1 venture that It then had mor? people than it has today. It was not only a great coninierel.il port, but was a center of learning, religion and art. It Is raId tn have had the grandest library of antiquity. Its manuscripts numbered lKX),0rti. aiul artists and studonts came here from everywhere to study. At the time of the Caesars It U' I) o nc hlor nc J?, .of nn i?.l *? ? ? taken by the Arabs, along about 1(41 A.11 . It had 4,000 palaces. 400 public baths, 4<>o places of amusement and 12.000 gardens When Alexander the Great founded It b? brought In a colony of Jews, an I at the time the Mohammedans came the Jewish quarter hud forty thousand. Scraped Bones With Oyster Shells. It was at Alexandria that St. Mark first preached Christianity to the Kgyp.l.ins, anil later on the city became one of the Christian centers of the world. It was there that Hypatla lived, and It was there that th? Christian monks led by Peter th- lt ader tore her from her chariot as she was about to go into a heathen temple to worship and massacred her. They scraped her flesh from her bones with oyster shells, and then tore her limb from limb. It was here In Alexandria that Cleopatra corrupted Caesar and later on brought Marc Antony to a suicidal grave. There are carvings of Cleopatra still to be seen on some of the Egyptian temples far up thu Nue, and I have a photograph of one which Is still In good preservation in the Tempi* of Denderah. Its features are Greek rather than Egyptian and she was a Gre?k by her ancestry rather than a Simon-pure daughter of the Nile. She was not noted for her beauty, but the had such a wonderful charm of manner, sweetness of voice and brilliancy of Intellect that she w;is able to flirt with and captivate the greatest men of her time. Cleopatra's first Roman love was Julius Caesar who had come to Alexandria to settle the claims of herself and brother to the throne of Egypt. Her father, who was one of the Ptolemies, had left his throne- at his death to herself and younger brother and according to custom the two were to marry and reign together. One of the brother's guardians, however, had dethroned Cleopatra; he had banished her and she was not in Egypt when Caesar came. It Is not known whether it was at Caesar's request or not, but the story goee that she made her way back secretly to Alexandria, and was carried Inside a bed tick on the back of a servant to Caesar's apartments ajid thus presented to the mighty Roman. Bhe so delighted him that he put her back upon the throne, and f ?i'Vi ah V? n Inff frtr P f~\ m a anma (Imo la tar he took her along and kept her there for a year or bo. When Caesar was murdered, Cleopatra, who had returned to Egypt, made a conquest Of Maro Antony and Bne remained his Sweetheart from that time up to the day when he commuted suicide upon the report that she had killed herself. This 'was after Antony had been conquered by Octavlanus, his brother-ln iaw; and It Is said that Cleopatra tried to capture tb? heart of Octa'vlajius, before she herself commlted suicide by putting the poisonous asp to her breast. FRANK G. CARPENTE1L TUCKED IN THE TRUNK A FEW ESSENTIALS TO BANISH SUMMER UGLINESS. To a woman who loves home comforts and attractiveness there are drawbacks In going away for the summer to a boarding house or hotel in the ugliness of her room that strike discouragement to her soul. To effect a great revolution takes less time and money than one may think, and a few extra things tucked into tho trunk are more than worth while. Chief among them Is some Inexpensive Cotton stuff for hangings, cretonne or something else cheaper being chosen. One need not be afraid of taking too many yards, nor call it an extravagance, for the stuff can be used over and over again for other purposes when summer is done. A few photographs take 'little room in a trunk and help the effect tremendously. Also it is a good thing to take along several collapsible peg arrangements sometimes used for hat and coat racks. Added to these should be some separate clothes hooks or pegs. The wooden variety of the latter, each with a screw In the end, is cheap, and put up without using any tools other than scissors, perhaps, to make the first hole for the screw to bite In. A paper lamp shade should bo part of the furnishing outfit. There Is seldom any closet room, find never enough. To obviate this, find a place In the wall where curtains of the cretonne would look well, and then have the native carpenter put up a board eight Inches wide and Ave feet long. Th!s should be about Ave feet six Inches from th" tloor. The owner of the house will not object, if he understands that you are building a permanent closet, and the cost will be small. Use the board as a foundation to screw In hooks on the under side, thus not marring the wall, and hang full curtains across the front and ends, letting them fa'.l to the ground. Cut a piece of the cretonne to fit the bureau top and put a little ruffle aroun 1 it. Make similar covers for any tables or shelves there may be In the room, an I if iu*riw ij* ? t'uui'u much a cuujne 01 nre.uiin-i together and throw the cotton material over for a loose cover. The entire work would not take more than a day, ami extrfm->ly pretty fabrics are to be had for 10 cents a yard, and twenty-five or thirty yards will be none too much. TWO STRANGE TREES. The Mojava Yucca a Vegetable Freak. xne creeping vrk oi .Monterey. From the P. E. Magazine. California has one tree which is the personification of mystery. Found nowhera else in the world, it had a mysteri ous origiif and thrives lrf a region of mystery. The Mojava yucca is a vegetable freak which has developed into a species. It has the characteristics of several plants, to which no relationship can be trace 1. It Is an endogen. yet its bark shows concentric rings such as characterize the exogenous stems. It lives and thrives in great numbers in a region early devoid of vegetation: in a land of heat and thirst and barrenness. Another tree in California wiii ' 1 has a peculiar personality Is the creeping oak of Monterey. Nowhere In the vegetable kingdom can be found so true a representative of monopoly. The tree Is of gnarly growth, its limbs, like those of the sycamore, bending and twisting In all directions. < Wherever a branch touches the earth It takes root and becomes, as It w re, another trunk, though still a branch of the main stem, drawing nourishment both from the parent stem and from the new source. In this manner the tree Is spread till It hits taken possession of Ave acres of jrround, and It la still advancing.