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AnHAPOLI <3 TO celebrate- IT6Dl"GZiNTENN[AL XHktokicOldC iiEBfceXV Ttwe> . GpiF^yf Or T.TjOHK'lTbLLB&Bi DESIGN for Monument in Honor of Celebration of Bicentennial I s Elaborate? Thanksgiving Services in All the Churches of the City November 22, the Day 200 Years Ago When the City's Corporate Existence Began? Prominent Laymen and Cler ics Who Will Take Part in the Event?Committee to In vite President Roosevelt and Cardinal Gibbons ? Old St. Anne's Protestant Episcopal Church the Center of the Religious Part of the Cele bration ? The Old and the New Annapolis. Special I'orrrspondTieo "f The Ktar. ANNAPOLIS. Md . October :?!, l'.KM? ANNAPOLIS, the capital of Mary lard. will have a celebration this month in honor of the bi centennial of its corporate exist ence?the granting of its char ter by Queen Anno November 22, 1708. Its birthday comes this year Sunday, November 22. and that day the re will be a service of municipal thanksgiving in trie historic church of Annapolis ami spe cial services in all churches- The day preceding there will be appropriate txer ?ises in the historic statehouse. The day following there will be a parade, an es sentia! appendage to any celebration, and the forma! dedication of a conspicuous public square as the site of an emblem atic memorial to a great American prin ciple that had its inception atnong Mary land colonists?religious toleration. Perhaps criti'-s can justly say that the practice of religious toleration In the col ony of Maryland was imperfect. Perhaps also that the credit for the same has been wrongly assigned. That is a subject or controversy among eminent churchmen Snow. The large fact remains that re ligious toleration did prevail in colonial Maryland to an extent of which every Bon of Maryland is proud Maryland's happy ? xaniple inspired de fenders of freedom of conscience every where until it became a cardinal beliet of the patriots who achieved the national independence of the United States The inception and fruition of this idea?reli gious toleration?Annapnlitais believe, is ?worthy of commemoration by the erection of a handsome monument as part of the celebration The Monument Designed. The monument contemplated Is one that will show figures representative of a Catholic, a Church of England man and a Puritan in fraternal grouping with Ce cilius Calvert, that Lord Baltimore recog nized as the founder of Maryland and upholder of religious toleration. If not the originator thereof as an American prin ciple. In connection with thf> monument there will be a fountain, and for this fountain the municipality will supply water from an artesian well. Arrange ments have not progressed sufficiently to permit the announcement that the exer cises at Market square, the chosen site of the religious toleration memorial, will take the form of a corner stone laying, or what distinguished men will participate in the ceremony. The school children of An napolis. both from public and parochial schools. will participate, and the orator of the day will be J Wirt Randall of An napolis. to whom the idea of the unique memorial is attributed. Mr. Randall might well be called the first citizen of Annapolis, being one of those "all round" men who prefer private life to public offl'-e. but who are well qualified to take leadership in all civic enterprises. He is a gentleman of scholarly attainments a-1 well as business sagacity, and was a ?5T- -Anne-J (bukch member cf the state senate from liis county. in interest to the launching of th>^ ?e'iKious toleration memorial project will be the historical exere'ses to hp held at the statehouse Saturday morning. No vember 21, at which the Governor of Maryland. Austin L. Crcthers; Dr. Ber nard C. Steiner. librarian of the Enoch Pratt library of Baltimore, and others will make addresses. The Bi-centennial Association hopes that the occasion will he worthy of the presence of President Roosevelt, and has designated a com mittee consisting of Mayor Gordon Claude, Dr. Thomas Fell and Mr. Randall to extend an invitation to the President, but this committee will not visit the White House until after the election. All former governors of Maryland, former mayors of Annapolis and many other dis tinguished men have been invited, includ ing Cardinal Gibbons. Many Landmarks. There is a landmark in Annapolis al most every few steps the visitor takes, but the three institutions which form links between the present time and the earliest day* of the city are the statehouse, St. Anne's Church and St. John's College. Beside these, as institutions, not build ings, even the fine mansions occupied by the notables of revolutionary days?that of Charles Carroll among others?are comparatively modern. It may be also said for these mansions that they are to day among the best architectural adorn ments of the town, despite the fact that within the past two decades Annapolis has witnessed an era of splendid im provement, notable additions to its archi tectural beauties heing the splendid group of buildings in the Naval Academy in cisure. the new court of appeals build ing. the addition to the statehouse, with much marble finery, and some handsome homes and churches. Annapolis also has well paved streets and many evidences of modern urban excellence, but it is old Annapolis, the well preserved old Annapo lis, that charms. Houses that were own ed by distinguished patriots and tories. described by Winston Churchill in "Rich ard Carvel"; houses that are the legacy of the period when Annapolis was one of the few centers of wealth, luxury and culture in the colonies; houses that are still elegant residences as well as relics are numerous in the little town But it is the statehouse, "the church" and "the school" that go back to the period before Annapolis became, as Justice Taney call ed it. "the Athens of America." Maryland's statehouse is famous in many respects, but its chief attraction to ^ isitors is the old senate chamber, where Gen. George Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the continental army. This has been re stored recently, so that it appears Just hk it did in 1783, when twenty members of the Continental Congress assembled and Gen. Mifflin, the president, accepted the resignation of the man who was aft erward to become the first President of the Cnited States. The old senate cham ber is now reserved as a historical mu seum. The legislature now meeets in palatial new chambers in the addition to the statehouse?an addition which har monizes with the older part of the build ing. which impressed one of Rocham beau's officers as the "finest structure 1 have fcpen in the country." The front of the old building, the corner stone for which was laid in 1772. and two sides are unaltered. The present statehouse was built with_an appropriation made as fat hack as 17?I?, replacing a structure that did not measure up to the artistic ideas of the Maryland gentlemen who had made Annapoiib w ,iat it was in the eighteenth century. The State House. The former statehouse was built to take the place of one'destroyed by fire in 1704 and that in turn was completed in 17!>4,' three years after the removal of the capi lal from St Mary's City to Annapolis All occupied a commanding position on the brow of a hill in a circle which UoS of three from which the principal streets of Annapolis radiate. The other circles are. those around the executive mansion and St. Anne^s Church. If Annapolis had no otiher historic evidences the plan of its street system would confirm its oiaim to its familiar sobriquet, "the an < ient city. It was laid out before the system of building towns in rectangular YXCjC AE>it Of Old Aknapoli4 AlongTheiWatzirFj^pnt blocks was adopted, and it rivals with respect to irregularity in the course of its streets the town of Boston, of which it has been paid that Gov. Winthrop al lowed a pig to wander In the snow, and the tracks It made became tlie .streets ol Boston. In front of the statehouse is a bronze statue of Ohief Justice Roger Taney, and beside it one of De lvalb, revolutionary hero. In the statehouse circlc <a favette's troops and those of Rochamheau encamped at different times. Within the walls of the statehouse that stood there before the revolution many important steps were taken concerning the stamp act and other questions leading up to the war. The statehouse contains many por traits of former governors, and among its ottaer paintings one of exceptional in terest. by reason of the subject which it portrays rather than as a work of art. It depicts an incident of Maryland history similar to the Boston tea party and pven more theatrical, representing Anthony Stewart applying his torch to his tea laden brig, the Peggy Stewart, on a memorable day in October. 1774. A very tine mural painting of this incident is also to be found in the Baltimore city courthouse. Anthony Stewart was a ship, owner in Annapolis, who paid the duties on a cargo of tea for a tirm of importers in that city at a time when a rigid non importation agreement was in force. In a public speech he excused the act as an unintentional one, but even this was not GREEK-LETTER (Continued from Second Page.) room which the authorities of the institu tion donated for that purpose. The room Is large, and is artistically draped with Hags and trophies. The controversy as to whether or not these college fraternities are helpful or harmful to the student body of any educa tional institution is one that began with the organization of the first one of them. For many years it raged fiercely, and, in fact, the faculty opposition to them at a great many colleges became so bitter that the fraternities were practically driven out of some of them. The principal ob jections that have been urged are that they are secret in character, and that they promote a snobbishness among stu dents which should have 110 place in our American life. The tirst objection has no weight. The secrets of the fraterni ties arc not unwholesome ones. They only extend to the strict guarding of their mottoes, grips and constitutions, and to the fact that their meetings are secret. As for the promotion of snobbishness, the controversy will never end. Almost all of those who have attended an Institution where there were fraternities and were not taken In will Insist to their dying day that they were the victims of the snob bishness of their fellows, while those who were taken in will equally insist that, in many cases, there were very good reasons besides the one of exeluslveness for keeping out a great many. The local authorities do not seem to be impressed with the fear that besets some other educators as to the danger to be apprehended from secret societies. A ma jority of the faculty of't.eorge Washing ton University are fraternity men who naturally continue to take a great deal of interest in the local chapters. They fre quently visit the homes of their respective fraternities and otherwise participate in their activities. President Needham on Fraternities. President Charles Willis Needham of George Washington University, himself a fraternity man. was asked what purposes, in his estimation, were served by college fraternities. "Fraternities serve three general pur poses In the student life of a college or university." answered Dr. Needham. "First, they are social organizations pro moting good fellowship among selected men. The value of such association can hardly be overestimated. The better a man's associates the better he will be because of their Influence. "The second object Is suggested by the first. It is helpful. I recall an .instance .4 M . sufficient to allay public excitement, and a riot was imminent, when. on the advice of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the most famous of all Maryland patriots, Stewart boarded his vessel, had it beached and set it on fire before a olieering multitude. It is probable that there will be some his torical floats in parade on Monday, No vember as a feature of the celebra tion. though not an elaborate historical pageant, and the Peggy Stewart incident will not be neglected. A large turnout of marines and sailors will be a parade fea ture. Besides the meeting at the historic state house on Saturday. November 21. there will be a foot ball game between the Naval Academy and Virginia Polytechnic, not as a part of the formal program, but as a diversion coincident with tihe cele bration, and the Naval Academy midship men are counted upon to furnish several social functions. No plans for a formal social function by the bicentennial asso ciation have been matured. The Thanksgiving Service. The municipal thanksgiving service, oc curring at 4::U"> p.m. Sunday, November ".?5, the anniversary day. will be held at St. Anne's Episcopal Church, because, as already mentioned, it is "the historic church" of the community. All ottier churches will hold special services In the morning and many distinguished visiting clergymen will probably participate in worship there on that day, but at St. FRATERNITIES II of h nnn a few years ago who in the third year of his college life lapsed and was drifting to the bad. His fraternity, quickly discovering the tendency* called him to account. As a result the man was saved and today occupies a very high and influential position. "The third purpose is in the fact that membership in a fraternity is a prize or reward for excellence. The man Is a picked man, selected by the choice of his fellows who are above him and search out his record. Long and honorable membership in a fraternity is a mark of distinction and is to be sought after and prized." Dr. Needham was asked what reply could be made to the charge that has been made that fraternities are not demo cratic and tend to encourage snobbish ness. "1 am quite aware of the objections to fraternities, and that the one most in sisted upon and which has weight Is the fact that they are not democratic. By that is meant that they do not take In all the student body indiscriminately I admit the fact and force of this argument so far as it is entitled to weight. I believe in democracy. I think every C?>llege and university should have one organization that is thoroughly democratic and open to every matriculated student. Never theless every democracy must have lead ers, and leadership means strong, wise, selected men. and in some way and to some extent wfe must encourago distinc tions. All efforts should not be directed to leveling down. It is important to stimulate a proper ambition to belong to the selected few while maintaining a deep and wide sympathy for all. Fra ternities are not democracies. Neither does a well-regulated fraternity system at any Institution of learning promote snobbishness In the student body. Fra ternities are rather for the encourage ment of what the Greeks call 'aristoc racy,' meaning by that the best men in the community by selection. "I do not by any means mean to say that all the best men are in the frater nities. That Is not the fact. All I mean to sav is that these fraternities have as one of their purposes the selection, en couragement and association of chosen men." Authorities in the fraternal world say that it is impossible to have a healthy spirit in the college secret societies in any institution where at least 40 per cent of the students are not excluded. This, of course, is in order to foster an am bition to be one of the chosen among the freshmen and to give those who are chosen a proper appreciation of the honor that, has been conferred upon them. At George Washington University only about 31 per cent of the total enrollment of the university are members of these Anne's the keynote of the celebration will he struck, and the devout gratitude of ft community for its long and honorable ex istence will be expressed in a sermon by Rev. J. Nevett Steele of Trinity parlsn, New York, a distinguished churchman, well qualified to speak as a Marylander. for lie was horn in Baltimore, and his father, grandfather and greatgrand father were Annapolitans. St. Anne's parish is older than the town itself. The present rector is Rev. Joseph McComas, a nephew of the late Judge Louis E. Mc Comas of Washington, who has been at St. Anne's for thirteen years and >has be come an Annapolitan with intense devo tion to his adopted town. "For more than 150 years." said Rev. Mr. McComas, "St. Anne's was the only place of public worship in this city. It is true that the Methodists held open-air meetings and that Charles Carroll of Car rollton had a private chapel, but it was not until 1S33 that another public place of worship was built, that of the Metho dists. Therefore. St. Anne's is the only church in Annapolis that figures in the early history of the town. "The parish, then called Middlesex, was set off by act of the general assembly in three years before Annapolis was founded, and sixteen years before it re ceived Its charter from Queen Anne. As the town was named for Princess Royal Anne, afterward Queen Anne, it was thought proper to name the church after a saint with the same name, Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary. The first N WASHINGTON Greek letter secret societies, and yet the fact that the frat men are picked men Is emphasized by the fact that they are the most prominent in every branch of uni versity life. A Worker. OF Pablo Sarasate. the famous violinist, who died at Biarritz, a New York musician said the other day: "1 dined with Sarasate during his last American lour. We talked of success, and he declared that success was due in the main to excessively hard work. ?* "To become a great violinist or a great pianist,' lie declared, "one must have the exaggerated ideas of work that prevail among Scottish farmers.' "He said that a young boy got a Job with a Sottish farmer once. Ye'll sleep in the barn." the farmer said, "and I'll expect ye oot in the field ilka morn at foor o'clock." ?' 4 "Very well, sir," said the boy. " 'But the first morning he overslept a little and it was half-past 4 when he reached the field " 'The farmer, leaning on his hoe, gave him a black look. ? ? -Where have ye been all the fore noon?" he-growlcd.' " / They Were, of Course. PARKER M. WHITE, the humorous ad vertisement writer, was talking in Pittsburg about the universality of advertising. "Doctors, lawyers, clergymen," he said, "claim not to advertise, but, somehow or other, we see their advertisements occa sionally. Am I not right? "The millionaire proprietor of a patent tonic called on a well known doctor one day. " 'Look here," he said, 'you are the Dr. Leroy Fisher w*ho Is attending Sena tor Stoxon. are you not?' " *1 am, sir,' the physician answered. " 'Well,' said the tonic man, 'what'Il you take to put on the daily bulletins that you give out about the senator this sentence?"Use Blood Bitters. They Ward Off Disease"?' " 'Why. man," said the famous doctor, indignantly, 'I wouldn't do that foe any thing. Those bulletins are not adver tisements." "The other chuckled harshly. ?"Ain't they?' he said. 'Then take your own name off cm." " church was built in 1600, King William having presented the communion silver in lf20.">. This service is still in use. The church was destroyed by fire and another one built in 170*J. This was replaced by the present beautiful edifice In 183?. All were built on the same site and partly on the same foundations. The church has a rich treasure of records which have been of great service to historians, and it has many interesting relics, including a Bible which was presented by Maj. Gen. John Hammond, commander-in-chief of Queen Anne's forces In the colonies in 1707. At the end of the pews which were formerly set apart for the use of members of the general assembly there remain the de vices that held, ine maces which were carried by the mace-bearers who attend ed the members of the general assembly. Among the worshipers at the church in revolutionary days were William Paca, a signer of the Declaration; John Hanson, first president of the Continental Con gress, whose statue is one of those in Statuary Hall at the Capitol In Washing ton. find many distinguished men of the colony, including Abraham Claude, an an cestor of Mayor Claude. Many of the families prominent in those days, as at tested by church records, are still prom inent families In Annapolis. St. Anne's Associations. "While some of the distinguished' pa triots were worshipers at the church, doubtless the majority of the worshipers were tories. Its rector left for England at the outbreak of the war. As Churcli of England men the rectors of the church before the revolution were naturally to ries, and many of them, perhaps, had the bad qualities which were depicted by Winston Churchill In the character, "The Rev. Mr. Allen, the drinking and gaming parson." But there was a real Mr. Allen who was rector of the church In the eighteenth century who was an exemplary man. The rectors of the church, its ves trymen and its worshipers have In cluded hundreds of eminent persons. It is an interesting fact that two of the Cal verts, descendants of Lord Baltimore, were vestrymen early in the eighteenth century, Charles Calvert and Benedict Leonard Calvert. Another most interest ing fact is thai Charles Carroll of Car rollton, though a Catholic, who had his own private chapel, maintained a pew at St. Anne's for his guests." The siatehouse and the church as links with the more remote history of the town will be accorded their due focal promi nence in the celebration. The school, St. John's College, which is a third link be tween the twentieth century and the days of Queen Anne, will have a more modest share. Its fine body of cadets will par ticipate in the parade, and its esteemed president, Dr. Thomas Fell, is a member of the bicentennial association, but it will require no special exercises to center in terest in an educational institution which was an outgrowth of the first free public school established on the North American continent. As King William's School. St. John's College, was founded in 1(506, but not opened until 1704. Consisting now of a group of fine but not pretentious build ings. harmonious in architecture, with the so-called colonial style p#( ?dominant, reposefully aligned in a parked area, it forms a picture suggesting sedate age. but not such age that is inconsistent with s-turdlness. St. John's is a venerable In stitution, but it has more than age to give it renown. Today it is a college that ranks high in educational circles, and one that affords to young men military training that has the warm commenda tion of the War Department. Morever, within the past few years it has taken its place as a part of the University of Maryland. Any educator would be proud of up holding the traditions of old St. John s and maintaining its high standard. Its present president. Dr. Thomas Fell, has done more, for he has brought about the existence of ther University of Mary land. which has been a mere name since 1784. Dr. Fell Is a man whose hairs are tinged with gray, but neither, in ap pearance nor in manner is he an elderly man. He was born in Liverpool in 1851. He has Just a few years more than seem to accord with his marked energy of movement and briskness of step, years enough to be classed as a veteran, but his spirit is that of youth, and therein probably lies his success as an Instructor of youth. It Is more than resect that is shown him by "his boys" and his fellow-citizens. Dr. Fell was asked to tell the place In history occupied by St. John's College and responded. Old St. John's. "It is difficult to crowd the history of two hundred years Into a few words. St. John's, as you know, was formerly King William's School, and King Wil liam's School was the first public free school on this continent. I cannot nay with certainty that King William's was intluential in the establishment of other schools of similar character which oc curred within the next few years. "The idea of public education was In men's minds at that time. King Wil liam's had chronological precedence, but to fay more than that would be depending upon tradition. It was established' as a result of the visit of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Bray to the colonies, and It is very proba ble that the establishment of other schools was similarly due to his visit. It was th? time immediately after the English revo lution. a time productive of great changes in views ot' popular rights and privileges; when popular education, always fostered in England by the established church, re ceived new impetus because the estab lished church and the crown were again In sympathy. King William's was a Church of England school and remained so until 1I?4. Religious instruction was a part of 1Kb scope. The Archbishop of Canterbury was its chancellor. Church and state being united, the expenses of education were borne by the taxpayers as part of ths church rates, as is the case in England today. "The American revolution effected a radical change. King William's was di vested of Its sectarian character and con stituted a collcglate institution under the charter name of St. John's College, men of all denominations co-operating in the movement. Charles Carroll of CarrolMon was one of the incorporators. It was In tended. morover. as a pHrt of the proposed University of Maryland. Owing to va rious vicissitudes the university Idea was never carried into effect until recently. The founding of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, with its splendid endow ment, helped to retard the fulfillment of the design of a state university. Now by affiliation with schools of medicine, law, pharmacy and dentistry in Baltimore, the long deferred object has been attained, and the college has become the depart ment of arts and sciences of thrt Uni versity of Maryland, having greater op portunities than ever. Its graduates were prominent in the foundation of the schools of special instruction with which 1t has be^pme affiliated and many of them have attained distinction." Could the shade of some fine gentleman of the revolutionary period return to earth and revisit Annapolis he would be amazed at the progress of the old town and the old school, but he would find much that would appear familiar. McDowell Hall, the lirst building used for college pur poses, was the mansion of Gov. Bladen In pre-revolutionary days, and all the other buildings on the campus have grown up since its erection in the early part of th? eighteenth century. The Treaty Elm. On the campus of St. John's College re mains the old elm tree known as the "treaty tree." It was under its branches that tlie early settlers of Maryland made a treaty with the Indians before Lord Bal timore's colonists moved their capital to the banks of the Severn, when the settle ment there was known as Providence. The statehouse. from one point of view, would have the same appearance, though the church structure of today belongs to a later era. A colonial gallant would find many residences just as he knew them when he paid his round of calls. He would find progress on every side, but progress that has never had to ride roughshod over the relics of the past. But should lie go down to the lnclosure containing the Naval Academy buildings all his pro vincial notions that the Annapolis of 1774 marked the acme of magniilcence would vanish. Here are the splendid edifices of a rich nation?Bancroft Hall, and other stately buildings, the pride of new An napolis. Here also is the mortuary chapel wherein rest the supposed remains of John Paul Jones. He would find also many landmarks of a history written since his time. Nevertheless, he would be able to come to the conclusion that old Annapolis stands amid some modern environments unchanged, and defying change that would in any respect be an improvement. Old Annapolis, two-hundred-year-old Aa napolis, and new Annapolis, blend har moniously and form one of the moat 4a? lightful and interesting little cities t* fcs found anywhere.