Evening star. [volume], September 18, 1911, Image 1

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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WEATHER.
Unsettled, with probably show
ers tonight or Tuesday; not much
changc in temperature.
The circulation of The Star,
both daily and Sunday, is greater
by many thousands than that of
any other Washington newspaper.
CONTAINING OX fAOB 14 CLOilTO
XKW YORK STOCK QlOTATtOKI.
No. 18,618.
WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1 Dili-EIGHTEEN PAGES.
ONE CENT.
TAFT STANDS PAT
ON ANTI-TRUST ACT
Opposed to Any Present At
tempt to Have Congress
Amend Sherman Law.
DEFENDS THE DECISIONS
ON OIL AND TOBACCO
Challenges Bryan and Other Critics
to Find Flaws.
GOOD FOE BUSINESS WORLD
President Thinks Business Will
Easily Adjust Itself to Condi
tions Brought About by
Decisions.
DETROIT. Mich., Sept. 1#.?President
Taft st luncheon wit.i the board of
pommwi c here tcdav made the first of
what may be termed the political
speeches of his six-week tour of the
country
He took up the "trusts" and clearly
outlined his views concerning them.
Tip defended with vigor the decisions of
the United States Supreme Court in the
Standard Oil and tobacco trust cases.
. and there was a distinct campaign note
in .Mr. Taft's challenge to his ancient po
litical enemy, William Jennings Bryan, to
point out what particular contract or
rest rain I of trade lie would condemn
which would not be condemned within
the definition of the statute as laid down
by Mr. Chief Justice White.
Not Fair to Courts.
Mr. Taft added rather significantly that
peisons who do not understand the de
cisions and really do not understand the
law. have had a great deal to say about
them. It was not fair to the court, he
declared, to say that It had read the word
"reasonable" into the anti-trust statute.
"I am entirely opposed to an amend
ment of the anti-trust law." said tha
President. "It is now a valuable govern
ment asset and instrument. Tested and
brought into beneficial use by twenty
\ ears of litigation and construction by
the highest court, why should we imperil
its usefulness by experiments?"
Demand for Amendments.
The outcry for amendments, following
the Supreme Court's decisions, the Presi
dent said, had resulted In proposals pre
pared without a real understanding of the
law, and he added that while this agita
tion might serve the purpose of promot
ing "unreasonable and unreasoning dis
content, it certainly ought not to be con
sidered seriously."
Mr. Taft referred to the fact that im
mediately after the trust decisions were
handed down by the Supreme Court
Senator I.a Follette spread on the public
records a iiuotation from one of the
President's messages as being at vari
ance with the "rule of reason" law as
laid down by tho court. The President
asserted that his views as expressed in
the message were in exact accord with
the decisions.
Epoch-Making Decisions.
"T propose to take up the question
which has occupied the attention of the
American people for now twenty years,
that of industrial combinations known
as 'trusts.' During the last year we have
had two great decisions by the Supreme
Court of the United States. They are
epoch making, and the public has not yet
romp to realize the effect that those
decisions are certain to have. It Is not
that the construction which the court
has put upon the act is different from
that which most members of the profes
sion. and most subordinate courts, and
lrde?>d the Supreme Court itself, had be
fore indicated as the proper construction
of the statute: but it Is that it is now
finally settled, by two fully considered de
cisions in respect to two of the largest
and most powerful of these combinations,
what their illegality consists in. and how
they are to be treated, in view of the
finding that they are illegal and do vio
late the provisions of the so-called anti
trust or Sherman ait.
"Persons' who do not understand the
efTe<-t of thes>? decisions and really do
not understand the law have a great deal
to say which is intended to lead the pub
lie to the belief that in some way or
other the Supreme Court has emascu
lated the statute and prevented its opera
tion against objectionable and injurious
trade combinations and conspiracies.
Xothing is farther from the truth.
"When the statute was passed in lfiftO
the expressions used in it to define its
object and what it was proposed therein
to denounce as unlawful were not new,
but they wer?* sufficiently broad and in
definite to require judicial construction
to settle their meaning. Congress was
dealing with a subject matter in respect
to which it may be assumed that the
legislators themselves were not clear as
to the exact limitations of the meaning
of the words in the statute they were
passing. They knew there was an evil
which they hoped to restrain by the en
actment of this law. and they relied upon
the courts in their construction of the
law to hedt;e about Its operation such
r'^trlrtion as would prevent the statute
from being so wide in Its application as
to Involve absurdity and the impractl
< able.
Early Decisions Unfortunate.
"The early derisions under the law
cannot be said to have been fortunate.
The decision in what was known as the
sugar trust case? the Knight case?was
really a retrogade step and one which
seemed to limit much the operation of the
statute. Tt encouraged the organization
of combinations which the same court
has since found viofcte the statute. The
case could not be effectively presented
to the court because the record had not
been properly made up, and the questions
arising were treated in the opinion in
such a way as to give the Impression that
the operation of the law would be most
restricted, brrause of the limits of federal
Jurisdiction. Indeed, some law officers
of the government did not hesitate to
say that under this decision there was
little hope of reaching the evil aimed at
through federal action. It has required
twenty years of litigation to make the
statute clear. But now it Is clear.
"I shall not attempt to give it a close,
lawyer-'ike interpretation, but I think It
is not departing from the declaration of
the court to say that they find any con
tract In restraint of trade, made for the
purpose of excluding competition, con
trolling prices or of maintaining a mon
opoly. In prat or In whole, Is contrary to
the statute and Is subject to injunction
and indictment under this statute In the
federal courts where it afreets interstate
trad*.
Puts Query to Bryan.
"Sow, I would like to ask Mr. Bryan
or any of the other publicists and Jurists
(Continued on Fifth Pag*-)
. P. Rodgers' Machine
Wrecked by a Fall.
CLOSE CALL FOR AIRMAN
Aviator Narrowly Escapes Being
Crushed to Death.
FLIGHT DELAYED FOE A DAY
Transcontinental Racer Gets an
Early Start at Middletown,
N. Y., Hoping to Make Record.
MIDDLETOWN, N. Y., September 18?
In attempting to resume his flight to the
Pacific coast this morning Calbraith P.
Rodgers, who started from Sheepshead
Bay yesterday afternoon, crashed into a
tree and fell with his aeroplane thirty
five feet to the ground. The airman re
ceived scalp wounds, not serious, but his
machine was wrecked to such a degree
that he probably will be unable to fly
until tomorrow.
Rodgers stuck to his seat during the
plunge, but was thrown out when the
machine hit the ground and, caught under
one of the wings, just escaped being
crushed to death by the heavy engine.
Counts on a Day's Delay.
At finst It was thought that he was
badly hurt, but after a physician had
dressed his wounds he went back to the
scene of the accident and worked with his
helpers ascertaining the amount of the
damage. After the iirst inspection he
said that if the engine could be repaired
the other broken paxts could be supplied
from duplicates in his special train. If
obliged to send back to New York for an
other engine he did not know how long
he might be delayed. In any event, he
had no expectation of getting away again
before tomorrow morning.
The transcontinental racer arose be
fore daylight today. Intending, if pos
sible, to create a new distance record
for one day's flight. He left the ground
at 6:15 o'clock. Although there was
little wind, he failed to get a good
start, and nearly struck the four-foot
stone wall surrdunding the pleasure
grounds from where he took oft. Then
at a height of twenty feet one of "is
planes struck the limb of a willow
tree. This threw him out of his
course, and he crashed full speed into
a big hickory just beyond.
Engine Partly Buried.
The branches of the tree partly broke
the force of his fall, but the machine
came down so hard head-on that the
engine was partly burled in the soft
ground. Rodgers was pulled out from
under his plane still smoking a cigar
he lit just before the start. He was
assisted to his special train, which
stood waiting nearby with steain up
ready to accompany him on today s
journey over the Erie railroad. ^
Rodgers landed here at 6:18 o clock
last evening, after making his firat
day's flight from Sheepshead Bajr,
about eighty miles, in one hour and
?ifty-three minutes. If all went well
today he had hoped by tomorrow to
pass his competitor, James J. W ard,
who is delayed at Owego N. Y., by an
accident that happened Saturday.
WARD EXPRESSES SYMPATHY.
Rodgers' Rival Leaves Owego on His
Flight to the West.
OWEGO, N. Y., September 18.-With
his new engine working splendidly James
J. Ward, the young coast-to-coast flyer,
made a successful getaway from here at
10:42 today. Just before leaving he was
informed of Rodgers' mishap this morn
ing. "That's tough luck," said Ward.
??I know just how he feels."
Wards biplane skimmed along for
about 100 yards and then rose gracefully
in the air. Ward quickly got his bearings
and then headed west, following the Erie
tracks. The weather is ideal for flying,
and Ward expects to reach Brentford,
Canada, tonight. "If I have good luck I
won't stop until I reach Hornell," Ward
said as he waved the signal to start.
EtiMIRA, N. Y., September 18.? James
J Ward on his coast-to-coast flight flew
over Elmira at 11:16 this morning. He
did not stop here.
CORNING, N. Y., September 18.?Ward
arrived here at 11:?>1 this morning, land
ing gracefully in a fleld north of this
city. First he circlet! over the business
section of the town, flying very high. He
remained for luncheon.
ARABS WILDLY ENTHUSIASTIC.
Witness Flight of French Aviator
With Passenger.
FEZ. Morocco, September 13. ? The
French aviator, Bregi, arrived here yes
terday, having made a successful flight
from Casablanca, carrying a passenger
in his aeroplane. The airmen and their
machine were in excellent condition.
The Arabs exhibited wild enthusiasm
when the men alighted.
M. Bregi was received by the sultan.
ETNA IS STILL ACTIVE.
Wind Blowing Ashes and Cinders
Toward City of Catania.
CATANIA, Stcilv. September 18.?A
north wind is blowing today and a great
er quantity of ashes, cinders and small
stones are being carried In the direction
of the city, although the eruption of
Mount Etna is not increasing in volume.
Prof. Ponte, the volcanologist of Ca
tania University, says that the present
eruption is five times greater than that
of 1010, and that more lava lias been
thrown out in six days than during
twenty-six days of the disturbance a
year ago.
MUNICIPAL CONGRESS OPENS.
Philadelphia, Boston and Kansas
City Mayors Speak at Chicago.
CHICAGO, September 18.?.Informal in
spection of the exhibits of cities and
manufactures marked the opening of the
International Municipal Congress and Ex
position in the Coliseum here today.
Mayor Carter If. Harrison and John M.
Ewen. chairman of the exposition, were
scheduled to oflh ially open the event at
?j o'clock this afternoon with fcddresses
of welcome.
Today's program included addresses^ ny
Darius A. Brown, mayor of Kansas City
and president of the league of Ameri
I can Municipalities; John E. Reyburn,
mayor of Philadelphia, and John *. Fitt
I gerald, mayor of Boston.
Russian Premier's Condition
Growing Worse.
PULSE IS VERY IRREGULAR
Peritonitis Soon Develops After Re
moval of Bullet.
COSSACKS PATHOL STREETS
Hebrews Fleeing From Kiev, Fear
ing1 Demonstration Will Be Made
Against Them.
KIEV, Russia, September 18.?At 1:30
o'clock this afternoon it was stated that
Premier Stolypin's condition was becom
ing1 worse from minute to minute. His
temperature was 95.5. The pulse for a
brief period,slowed down and then rose
with renewed violence. The medical
means used to relieve the premier were
unavailing.
Early today the patient was given grape
juice and ice cream. Before this he had
been fed with wine and black coffee.
At 6 o'clock this morning Mme. Stolvpin
was called to the bedside, where Gov.
Gen. Trepoff was watching unremittingly.
Prof. Rein did not approve of the pres
ence of others of the family in the sick
chamber. The Jews are departing from
the city precipitously in fear of anti-Jew
ish riots. Cossacks with loaded rifles pa
trol the streets.
Sinks Into Lethargy.
The patient experienced a long period
of lethargy during the day.
The patient had appeared to improve
until late Saturday, when peritonitis set
in. During yesterday the premier showed
no improvement, and a bulletin issued
last midnight said that he still exhibited
symptoms of peritonitis.
The early examinations made of the
wounds inflicted led the physicians to
hope for an early recovery. The develop
ment of unfavorable symptoms followed
a few hours after the patient had made
a most hopeful rally. This rally came
immediately after the removal of the
bullet by the surgeons in an effort to re
lieve the premier of the unbearable pain
of which he had complained, and which
had thrown him into a state of depression
where death seemed a welcome relief
Several times during Saturday night the
premier had broken out involuntarily
with a murmured exclamation: "I feel
death stealing upon me!"
The operation was entirely success
ful. The bullet was removed without
difficulty by the use of a local anes
thetic, and hopes apparently were jus
tified when the premier experienced a
great sense of relief and cheerfully
talked with his attendants, inquiring
of current events and commenting
upon the appearance of his assailant.
"The little fellow was awfully pitiful
as he came up to me in the theater,"
I said M. Stolypin. "He was pale and
bowed?a sorry fljfure."
Pulse Jumps Up.
But the favorable symptoms did not
last long. Soon the patient's pulse
began to mount alarmingly and un
mistakable symptoms of peritonitis set
in. His temperature remained strangely
normal, later Binking a trifle below the
normal.
The normal temperature was at first
ascribed to an almost total elimination of
outside infection, on account of the care
with which Prof. Rein had made the in
itial dressings. Later some of the phy
sicians were inclined to regard the drop
ping temperature as an unfavorable sign,
indicating that the patient's system was
yielding to the septic poisoning without
the struggle which would be marked by a
rise In temperature.
The doctors placed great hopes on the
powerful constitution of their patient,
who was in the pink of condition after
a month's sojourn in the country, but
at the same time they pointed out that
bullet wounds are always doubtful quan
tities, and that complications are always
likely. The patient was nervous from the
start, but the arrival and presence of his
wife agitated him. and Saturday he was
tortured by frequent attacks of hic
coughing.
Bullet Made in Berlin
The bullet which the doctors extracted
was of huge caliber, and proved to 'have
been purchased In Berlin. The head was
deformed from striking the Vladimir
cross which adorned Stolypin's breast.
The cross deflected the course of the bul
let and deprived it of much of its pene
trating power.
At 1? o'clock this morning the physi
cians issued the following bulletin:
"Since last night the weakening' of
the activity of the heart has taken a
threatening form. The peritoneal in
flammation shows no marked chanses.
Temperature. 98.6; pulse, 132. The gen
eral condition of the patient is serious."
One hundred and fifty arrests of law
yers and other acquaintances of Dmitry
Bogroff, the man who shot Stolypin, have
been made in Kiev.
Bogroff Talks Freely.
Bogroff talked freely today of his life
and furnished the authorities with valua
ble clues. The original confident be
havior of the prisoner has given place
to despondency, and he Is now receiving
medical treatment.
Among the versions of the circum
stances leading up to the crime, and
which must be investigated, is the asser
tion that Bogroff belonged to a new
autonomous revolutionary group, the aim
of which is to assassinate Individual
statesmen.
In the course of the questioning Bogruff
declared that he held M. Stolypin as one
of the most pernicious men of the state.
Another version is that the revolution
aries put BogrofT, who, according to the
police, had been filling the dual role of
revolutionary agent and police spy. in a
dilemma where he had to kill Stolypin
or be himself killed. Bogroff chose the
first alternative.
SHAKERS MAY GO FREE.
Not Likely to Suffer for Giving Dy
ing Woman Chloroform. .
KI SSI MM EE. Fla~, September 18.?The
coroner's inquest over the body of Sister
Sadie L* Marchant, the member of the
Shaker colony who was, treated to eu
thanasia by Sister Elizabeth Sears and
Brother Egbert Gillette, will be held "to
morrow, and it is declared the inquest
probably will do away with the necessity
Cor an investigation by a grand jury.
At her urgent request Sister Sadie, who
was in the last stages of tuberculosis,
was given chloroform by her fellow
Shakers. There is no statute against at
tempts at suicide in this state, and it is
believed this will enter largely into the
question whether the Shakers have been
guilty of any criminal act.
It is contended in favor of the Shakers
that Sister Sadie could not have lived
more than a week longer, and with un
interrupted suffering, when she asked to
be given an easy death by chloroform.
These facts also were determined at the
autopsy over the body just completed.
Public sentiment is that both defendants
will be freed.
Ships in Harbor Drag Their
Anchors and Men Are
Rolled From Bed.
CHICAGO. September 18.?Two persons
were killed and twenty injured by falling
signs and roofs, trees and electric wires
in all parts of the city were blown down
and many buildings were damaged in a
severe windstorm, accompanied by a
heavy downpour of rain, that struck Chi
cago early today. ?
Almost the entire northwest side of the
city was in darkness and many residences
were cut off from telephone connections.
Basements down town were flooded and
several plate glass windows were blown
in by the wind.
Vessels Drag Anchors.
The wind struck with such , suddenness
and force that ships in the harbor drag
ged anchors, but no vessels wer- wrecked.
A bridge tender's house was blown into
the river, but the tender swam safely to
land. A small house in the outskirts of
the city was moved several feet from its
foundation. Two men were rolled from
bed in this house. They , rushed out to
see what was the trouble, but the wind
having passed, they returned to bed.
The most extensive single damage was
the crushing of all the glass in the large
greenhouse owned by Alderman Rein berg.
The damage is $20,000. The wind took
the chimneys and most of the roofs off
a row of cottages In the northern part
of the city and carried many planks and
boards from a nearby lumber yard to
various places within an area of several
blocks.
The Illinois naval reserve gunboat
Dubuque draggeu its anchor and was
dashed against the government pier. It
was towed back to its mooring.
Three large passenger steamers re
turning from Michigan ports were buf
feted about for live hours before reach
ing Chicago. The total damage Is esti
mated at 1500,000.
FEAR OCEAN STORMS.
Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Craft
Threatened.
Two severe storms, threatening Atlan
tic and Gulf of Mexico craft, are being
closely watched by the weather bureau
today. The latest storm was centered
east of Bermuda, and, headed for the
pathway of the transatlantic liners,
caused strong northeast winds along
the north Atlantic coast.
Within thirty miles of Havana the other
disturbance lashed the Caribbean sea.
The storm approached the Tucatan
channel and blew with great ve
locity over western Cuba. Whether it
would swing about to the United States
was problematical. Marine interests were
warned by weather bureau signals.
RUSHES TO HIS DEATH.
Frightened Boy, Driven From Or
chard, Drowned in River.
PORT L. AND, Ore., September 18?Ter
ror-stricken by the discharge of a shot
gun In the hands of a Windham farmer
in whqpe orchard he was trespassing,
Angelo Delmonico. aged nineteen, is be
lieved to have met death by bolting blind
ly into a river that runs through the
farm. The boy's body was found last
night and the farmer was detained until
an investigation showed that he was not
to be blamed. He showed that he dis
charged his shotgun when he found Del
monico and some companions on his
premises, but that he fired in the air. No
mar-ks were found upon the body and
death was declared due to drowning.
It is believed in his panic the boy ran
Into the river and. being too exhausted
to get out, was drowned.
FRANCE GETS REPLY
IN MOROCCO MATTER
Statesmen Fear Germany Was
Offered More Than Public
Opinion Will Approve.
BERLIN, September 18.?Foreign Min
ister Von Kiderlen-Waechter received the
French ambassador, M. Cambon, at the
foreign office this afternoon, and present
ed to him Germany's answer to the latest
proposals of France relative to the Moroc
can dispute.
PARIS, September 18.?The negotiations
with Germany are entering a decisive
stage and the feeling among French
statesmen appears to b. that they have
offered Germany more than the public
opinion of their country will approve after
the present strain has relaxed.
Rich Territory Offered.
They have offered in compensation to
Germany territories in the French Kongo
in which fifteen French companies are
operating and upon which France has
expended $10,000,000 in ten years. An ex
amination of the terms after the agree
ment has been concluded must show such
a degree of German renunciation in
Morocco as will justiry the cabinet in
ottering to cede 00,000 square miles or so
of the richest part of the French Kongo.
Otherwise, the agreement will be over
thrown by the chamber of deputies.
The French ministry probably will find
it impossible in any essential particular
to go further than it has.
There is almost a feeling of regret
among the French people now that the
cabinet has gone so far as it apparently
has gone.
FOREIGNERS STILL SAFE,
SAYS BRITISH CONSUL
Reassuring Report Has Reached
Peking' Regarding the Outbreak
at Cheng-tu.
PEKING, September 18.?The British
consul here today received a dispatch
from Chengtu dated September 13, read
ing:
"Foreigners have not been molested and
are being treated civilly. There has been
no fighting within the city since Septem
ber 7, but there have been several engage
ments outside the walls, the insurgents
losing considerably and the loyal troops
inconsiderably."
Apparently the proclamation issued by
Gen. Chao-Evli-Feng has not been heed
ed. Dispatches to the French and Ger
man legations from Chengtu dated re
spectively September lO and September
11 Indicated that the commander of the
troops at the capital of Szechuan had
attempted to conciliate the besieging
forces, promising not to decapitate the
leaders of the anti-railway movement
and offering to indemnify the families of
the Insurgents, Who had been killed.
CHUNG-KING. China, September 18.?
The Canadian missionaries from the sta
tions at Jenshow, Junghsien and Tsel
intsing are coining into this city today.
The missionaries mentioned in the
above dispatch were sent out by the mis
sionary society of the Methodist Church,
Canada, the headquarters of which are
at Toronto, Ont.
INVENTOR S LIFE IN PERIL.
"Aerial Life Preserver*' Collapses
While Undergoing Test.
VENICE. Cal., September 18.?"An aeri
al life preserver," designed to float a
man through space and land him without
injury, almost caused the death of C. W.
Clark, its inventor, yesterday. With the
apparatus fitted to his arms and legs,
Clark leaped from the platform of a
scenic railway seventy-tive feet high into
the ocean off Venice pier. The apparatus
collapsed under his weight and he struck
the water with his fall unchecked. I-ife
guards fished him out. He was not
seriously hurt.
CLOSES US DOORS
Institution in Cincinnati Sus-!
pends Business by Order
of State Examiner*
PHILADELPHIA. September 18.-The
Tradesmen's Trust Company, with a capi
tal of $500,000 and deposits when the last
report was made of $1,328,000, closed its
doors this morning.
Peter Boyd, a well known attorney, is
president, having succeeded the late
Mayor Samuel H. Ashbridge in the office,
when the latter died.
To Protect Depositors.
The company issued the following state
ment:
"To the public: The board of directors
of the Tradesmen's Trust Company has
decided to close the doors of the institu
tion in order to protect depositors who, in
the judgment of the board, will receive
dollar for dollar.
"The institution is solvent. Its assets
properly administered will pay Its entire
indebtedness and leave a surplus for its
stockholders. The assets are largely in
the shape of mortgages and advances on
real estate and, while well secured, can
not be realized upon at once. Therefore,
as a precautionary measure in the inter
ests primarily of the depositors, the above
action of the board was decided upon."
Ordered to Close Doors.
CINCINNATI, Ohio, September IS.?
The Metropolitan Bank and Trust Com
pany closed its doors today on the
order of the state banking department
of Ohio. State Bank Examiners E. F.
Romer and C. S. Baxter will remain
in charge of the bank until a deputy
is appointed. ,
The bank, which was organized six
years ago, has a capital stock amount
ing to *110,000. Its total resources are
$932,000, and its deposits about $750,000.
Of the deposits, $125,000-are city and
county funds, which are guaranteed.
Officers of the Bank.
The officers of the bank are: Presi
dent, T. J. McClure; vice presidents,
John J. Bruce and R. K. Leblond?;
cashier, Alfred Morrison.
In a statement given out by them
they claim all depositors are fully pro
tected, and that there will be no loss.
The reason given by the state author
ities for closing the bank was that
the officials of the institution had been
given too much latitude in making
loans on collateral not approved by
the state.
DATES BACK 700 YEABS.
Historic "Mounting Stone" a Gift to
Massachusetts Town.
HINGHAM, Mass., September 18.?The
Rev. Louis Cornish, pastor of the Old
Ship Church, has received assurance from
British Ambassador Bryce that he will
make the presentation of the old mount
ing stone." which Old Hingham, in Eng
land, has presented to this town.
The mounting stone, or horse-block,
stood in the village square of Old Hing
ham for at least 700 years. It will be
come the corner stone of the bell tower,
which is to be built here as a memorial
to the first settlers and for which Mr.
Cornish founded the movement and raised
c|?v v ooo
The corner stone will be laid October 9,
Ambassador Bryce making the presenta
tion speech.
Sailor From the Bremen Drowned.
PHILADELPHIA, September 18.?A
gasoline launch from the German cruiser
Bremen, which is here on a fifteen-day
visit, was run into by a tugboat in the
Delaware river off this city late last night
and one of the three German sailors in
the little craft was drowned. He was
Theophile Eichborn, twenty-three years
old The other two sailors were rescued
with difficulty. The launch had been en
gaged in carrying visitors to and from
the Bremen.
Forty Thousand Capital Pupils
Greet New Teachers.
NOT A HITCH IN PLANS
Organization Work Is Accomplished
With Dispatch.
NO DOLEFUL FACES TO BE SEEN
Children Welcome Opening of
School After Long Vacation.
Colored Classes Taxed.
Washington's children went to school
today for the first time this season, awl
so well has the work of anticipation been
accomplished that before 10 o clock the
school world appeared to have been run
ning: alone continuously without a break
all summer long.
The promptness, the readiness and the
Smoothness with which every teacher and
child stepped into their places and took
up the work of the "three H's" is the
most conspicuous feature of the opening
day. The three H's is Supt. William M.
Davidson's advanced term for the old
fashioned three R's. "Head, heart and
hand"' have taken the place of the old
fashioned readin", ritin', and rithmetic.
Not that Dr. Davidson has suddenly in
stalled a new method of instruction, for
such is not the case.
Washington schools opened today with
the carefully built up system and meth
ods of instruction which have made these
schools the pride of the city and country,
and the new superintendent of schools is
waiting today to find out just how good
the teachers and children are.
From the very little folk who went to
kindergarten this morning for the very
first time in all their happy five years
of life up to the normal school girls, who
enter on their las/t year of instruction to
day, there was not a doleful face in all
the 40,000. They say that the cartoon
ists' idea of drawing a schoolboy with a
mournful countenance is an exploded
idea?one that died out when the bundle
of switches for discipline was cast into
the furnace, some years ago.
I School Is Pleasant Nowadays.
The teachers are taking the view that
their pupils like to go to school and are
anxious to get back again. Any one who
took the trouble to look at the children
as they went from home this morning,
with their new clothes and clean faces,
would have had a hard time to find a
face that told of a heavy heart. It must
be that school is a pleasant institution
these days and that teachers are not at
all unpopular.
E. L. Thurston, assistant superintendent
of schools, was talking about that very
thing this morning.
"Why," he said, "schools are fine. Chil
dren like them. The modern idea of edu
cating children is not the iron-clad thing
it used to be. 1 met seven children, by
chance, on my way to the Franklin
School this morning; all of them were pu
pils of my old division, and every one
of them took the trouble to stop me and
say they were glad to get back again.
Some of them like certain studies and
are interested in the way the studies
are taught. Others want to see their
friends again; others are naturally tired
of their long vacation."
To prove this all one would have to
do would be to learn how easily the
classrooms turned into regular organized
schoolrooms this morning, with a teacher
holding the attention of the pupils in
about ten minutes. It was all done as
easily as pie, to use a child's expression.
First, they went to school, and some of
them got there at half-past 8; then they
went inside and took their seats; then,
having been marshaled for their promo
tions they went to their new teachers,
and in five minutes they were at ease.
How to make forty thousand pupils be
have properly on the first day of school
Is one of the secrets of the teaching pro
fession. The eighteen hundred teachers
in Washington evidently know the secret.
Beceptions at Kindergartens.
The kindergarten teachers held very
pretty receptions today when the five
year citizens came to school. There is a
pretty story in every child who enrolled
today, and a pretty story in the members
of every class who gathered around in
their little chairs, not five minutes after
the bell rang to hear the first story from
the lips of the pretty lady who is going
to prepare these young men and women
for the more serious work of the first
grade next year. . ,
Here is just one story of a five-and-a
half-year-old girl who went to the
Powell School kindergarten for the first
time today, and, of course, it is oly one
of many. She is probably as pretty a
little girl as there is in the world, with
her golden hair, cut Dutch )<ishion, and
her face and arms browned by the sun
of a vacation at the seashore, to say
nothing of a *palr of chubby legs on
which short pink socks looked as race as
a flower itself. Well, she was dressed
for school at 7 o'clock this morning, and
no sooner had she oroken away from
the face-washing preliminaries than sh?*
burst out of her house and ran to see
her little five-year-old neighbor next
door.
"Don't come over to my nouse tcday,
Harry," she called through the screen
door; don't come over to see me, be
cause I am going to kindergarten today,
and I can't have any callers."
The "big" boys and girls who filled
the graded schools were not at all be
hind hand *in getting to their familiar
school playgrounds before the bell
rang. There were thousands of them
on the streets. Every one saw them
today and their presence recalled to
the business men and women that
there was another year begun.
The teachers started off the children
of the first four grades by getting
them acquainted, and the very first
language lesson of the year was ^ the
teacher's method of getting her little
friends to tell the marvelous adven
tures of the long vacation. Then thfcy
went through a little review work,
just enough to get their minds on the j
real business of the school, with just a >
little step in advance so that no pupil
can say he or she learned nothing at
all today.
Normal Schools Open Early.
In the high schools the organization
was a little more complicated, but just
as effective. Already the new high
school scholars have begun to feel a
little of the wider freedom and the
heavier responsibility which their
courses demand.
In the normal schools the work
started early. Large entering classes
give the school officials something to
congratulate themselves for.
It was just a snatch of talk which a
Star reporter heard in Normal School
No. 1, where Miss Goding. the principal,
was explaining matters to her new pupils.
She was telling them of the business of a
teacher, and so fascinating did this busi
ness of teaching seem and so many fine
things for pupils in the years to come
did it seem to carry that one cannot help
knowing that really and truly after all
the smiling faces and pretty little re
unions and pleasant happenings of this
opening day of school spring from no
(Continued on Second Pag*)
SAVES DISTRICT COIN
Economic Administration of
Functions Bears Fruit.
LOWER MAINTENANCE COST
! District Estimates for Next Year to
Approximate $12,000,000. ,,
JUDSON SHOWS HOW IT IS DONE
Curtailment of $53,000 Effected in
Street Repairing, Cleaning
and Lighting. t
The application of economic principles
in the administering of three branches
of the District government has borne
fruit, as a result of which Congress, next
year, will be asked to appropriate con
siderably less for their maintenance, ac
cording to a statement today by Kncineer
Commissioner Judson.
In an interview, the first to be given
out officially regarding the estimates for
th#> llscal year of 1012. which shortly are
to he submitted to President Taft, Com
missioner Judson declared that about
OiiO less for the making of repairs to
asphalt streets, $10,000 less for street
lighting and $*,??*? less for street clean
ing than the amounts appropriated for
this work this year will l?e called for in
the next estimates.
Street repairing, lighting and ? leaning
are the local governmental functions in
the administration of which principles of
economy have been applied with success,
according to the District official.
The water department. Commissioner
Judson declared. Is tin- next branch of th?>
government in which economies are to b??
practiced. He referred to the proposed
increase in water rates in terms which
leave but little doubt that the Increase
virtually has been decided upon.
The acquisition of land for park pur
poses is a matter that the Commission
ers will give close attention to every year
Maj. Judson states, and in this they are
desirous of the co-operation of. every
citizen.
T>ack of co-operation in the matter of
obtaining park improvements will be a
serious menace to the growth and beau
tlfication of the city, he declares.
One Function at a Tixpe.
Commisioner Judson makes it evident
that the District heads in installing a
system of economy will take up only one
function at a time and endeavor to im
prove it as much as possible- It is "Im
provement" and not "reform" that the
Commissioners are after, he says.
In referring to the saving that has
been brought about in street repairing,
lighting and cleaning Maj. Judson as
serts that the efficiency of the work lias
increased, with a reduction In cost.
The amount appropriated this year for
the making of repairs to asphalt streets
was $425,000. while the estimates for
next year will call for only H'fflo.ooo.
Likewise, street lighting next year will
cost only $JU$.">.<IOO, as compared with
$395,000 this year, while the amount of
$321,120 obtained this year for the street
cleaning department will be less by $8,000
another twelve months.
The total estimates for the District for
the next fiscal year will be approximately
$12,000,000. it is stated.
Commissioner Judson. in his interview,
explains how economies already have
been brought about and how the District
officials hope to extend them. He said:
Cutting Street Paving Cost.
"The way to improve in municipal work
is to take up one function at a time, go
into it in detail, make such advance a -
you can in that function, count up what
it has been, stick a pin in It and hold
to that point. Then try to improve
some other function.
"At this time, when the next fiscal
estimates are being prepared, an oppor
tunity is afforded to take stock of the
improvements, if any. in the administra
tion of functions which have been re
ceiving special attention during the last
year or two.
"First, let us consider the repairs to as
phalt streets.
"This is a very important matter in
Washington, where the proportion of the
area of asphalt streets to population is
greater than in any other city in the
world. Studies upon which improve
ments in this function have been l?ased
began two years ago. As a result of
them it was soon ascertained that the
average age of our asphalt streets was
fourteen years, and that the maintenance
of our older streets through repairs of
holes and ruts that were rapidly forming
was uneconomical and the results unsat
isfactory.
"When a new asphalt street is con
structed. the perpetual cost to the com
munity thereafter -of maintaining it may
be stated in round figures at 15 cents per
square yard per annum. Of this 15 cents.
5 cents Is a perpetual interest charge
The remaining 10 cents, if set aside each
year, notwithstanding deductions which
must be made for repairs of holes dur
ing the lattei part of the life of the
pavment, will finally produce a fund
which will be sufficient to resurface the
pavement.
"It is readily apparent that if we pro
long the life of a pavement with expendi
tures of more than 10 cents per annum
per square yard, our fund being accumu
lated for maintenance, will begin to grow
less. And the time will, pass w hen the
resurfacing should have occurred Repre
sentations along this line to Congress two
years ago led to provision being made for
the more rapid resurfacing of the exces
sivelv old pavements throughout the cit\.
so tiiat 'the pavements which wfre be
ing uneconomically repaired, costing
more than 10 cents per square yard per
annum by reason of hole filling, might
be speedily renewed. '
"From what has been stated, it is ap
parent that a scientific maintenance of
pavements will result In cheaper main
tenance and a higher standard at the
same time.
Save on Light Bills, Too.
"We have now reached the point where
the average life of our pavements has
been reduced from fourteen to twelve and
one-quarter years. The standard having
been raised toward a proper standard for
economical maintenance, we now need
to put less money into this work annu
ally.
"In consequence the estimates for the
repair of asphalt streets next year will be
$:!5.<>oo less than was appropriated for the
present fiscal year.
"It Is a very happy circumstance that
considerations of economy and of a prop
erly high standard run parallel in this
matter. That Is to say. It actually costa
less to malntaiy our present pavements
on a high stanaard within proper limits
than on an objectionably low standard.
"Another function In which Improve
ment has been made is that of street
lighting. This year we will Install twelve
miles of Improved lighting and almost
as much again next year. Nevertheless,
for this year we asked for and received
less than for the year previous, while
for next year we shall ask for nearly
<10,000 less than we received this year.
"We may well congratulate ourselves
upon the "improvements brought about
in this function, which have been due to
a careful study and readjustment of rates
and to an elimination of waste which
was occurring a year or twe ago through