Newspaper Page Text
TIIE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Xoralaf Bdition. WASHINGTON. SUNDAY December 29. 1912 _ THEODORE W. NOTES Editor The KTeala* Star Stwtfftf Compaay. y' "' . Jr ' i , a .a Businc*.* OflSce. 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ayenu*. New Turk Offlee: .Tribune Building. ''hi.-aro offl.-e: Flrnt National Bank Building. Ki-eipeau utBce: 3 Regent St.. Loudon. England. V"1* Evening: Star, with the Sunday morning e-li: on. Is delivered by carriers within the elty it? ? ". cents per month: dally only. 26 eenta per i-'onth: Sunday only. 2<> cent* per month. Ordera may be sent by mall, or telephone Main 2440. i"r>ilei tlon la made by carrier at the end of each month. . t. l.y mall, pontage prepaid: Pally. Sunday Included. one month. 00 cents. I'fii'J". JMinaay Pir^piPu, nur oi"iuu, f?r Saturday Star. $1 year. Sunday Star. S2.t?ye?r. ~ 9 I nterod at ?ecoDd-rl?a* mail matter at tba poat office at Washington. D. 0. C7"In oidor to avoid delay* on sceonnt of t'Tkonal absence letter* to THE STAR ahould rot t,e addressed to any individual connected v lib the office: but simply to THE STAR, or to the Editorial or Business Department, according to tenor or purpose. Two Objections to Mr. Bryan. The latest reasons offered by his opponents why Air. Bryan should not be appointed Secretary of State are f 1 > that be is not on terms with either Speaker 'lark or Leader Underwood, and CD his views about the Philippines might precipitate trouble. Neither is weighty. It is not likely that either .Mr. Clark or Mr. Underwood will ever again be on ordial terms with Mr. Bryan. He has injured .Mr. Clark deeply. But for him the Missourian would now he awaiting naiiguration as President of the United States. And he has offended Mr. Under- , wood deeply. He has in effect charged tlie Alabamian with being a near-repubtican. and with shaping his tariff policy In the House somewhat according to his personal interests?a charge which Mr. , Underwood has resented with well justified warmth. I But as Secretary of State Mr. Bryan would be little If at all thrown with either ( the Speaker or the leader of the House ( about business, and he could meet them t social functions without embarrass i. m ..n .ith.T ode Recent ions are large. >i t ings are formal. They might man ue it ;.s "ships that pass in the night." \s fin the Philippines. Congress will -ettlc whatever question or questions ina> arise as to them. Not even Presll.-nt Wilson will of his own motion be to ilo anything of importance bear ig nil the present status of the islands. inure? took them over, the Senate rat\,ng the treaty with Spain?and Con, ,-ss could block any movement tending .ow.ird their alienation. Before the flag .unes down over there, or any material tiling is done to limit American control, the people will express themselves ;hrough Congress. The individual views l the man presiding over the State Department. whoever he may be. will of themselves determine nothing. Is .Mr. Bryan any more committed on .!:? subject of the Philippines than any :lor democratic leader? Did not all of hem accept the declaration of the Baltinore platform on the subject. So that . oint is of no value. But. as a matter of fact, did the voters who carried the day In November for the Baltimore platform give the Philippine aroblem any real consideration? Was it lot a mere flourish? Was It not ob5. urcd in the campaign by the demonstrations about the tariff and the trusts? irowned out by the tom-tommlng about predatory wealth and the high cost of ? ;ving? Were not the people stirred up by lie talk about the dinner pail rather than ?ny thought of the little brown brother .in the other side of the earth? 'PU. 4 *?.... i? I U..4 sa. 2? 1m I lit' II'IIHUI > IS IIU(IUHI, UUl II IS gOIIlg ' X) Ix- a mid. not to say an arctic, day ' n the Philippines when Uncle Sam. grow- ' ng indifferent to his obligations, scuttles, s *nd leaves the islands to a fate resem- ' Dling anarchy. , 1 The Fine-Taking Maryland Constable Investigation of the conditions attend Pi: tin mulcting of District automobilists 1 n Montgomery county, Md., discloses < tacts tiiat are certainly not conducive to I -onfidenec in the legitimacy of the pro- s - dings. It appears that the officer who t . id up the autoniohlHsts Sunday last and ; barged them from five to fifteen dollars 'or failure to have their license tags i .-idly'" fastened to the bodies of their ( -i.achines is not a deputy of the sheriff of , county, hut one of the constables ] ind< i the control of the county commls- | ?o?ners The clerk of the county com- ] nitsioners lias stated that that body has .. knowledge of Its offi rr's action, and tat an investigation is to be Instituted , n iIk- next meeting, Tuesday. Under the ] :>>i?in that prevails In Maryland the con'ablc may, apparently, get busy on his on authority and Is under no requirement to account directly to the county - iiiniissloners for the fines that he exacts n sumniarj fashion from the motorists, ut is supposed to transmit them, through .In magistrate whom he has selected for 1 ni; purpose, to the state official at An- ! eapolis. Thus, although this officer Is i md) r our jurisdiction, he can apparently ! i.nore it arid work through a self-selected !< di Jin, with no direct check upon his t tivitb-s In this unsatisfactory state of the law ' 't is olrvious that the Washington motor- ' sts are exposed to limitless annoyance. f"h? sheriff disclaims responsibility, the ' - unty commissioners also disclaim re'ponslbllity, and the constable is free, It s ould seem, to work as he wishes without ] i n \* V. Iurl r-i noo o?*<l iev 1" tiili"! '?- ?' v, a ji'l IV HIT niv VI 11 ll" 1 trantly dls<riminatory enforcement of the i aw against the class of motorists from 1 whom tin state already derives a large ? venue. The District has good ground or ompUint In this matter, and It is to j? hoi>? l that the <*ommissiouers will , iiako vigorous representations to the , jovernor of Maryland, In addition to the nquiry already addressed to him, relative u the loose system of law enforcement ind tine collection which exists at least 11 Montgomery eounty. Mr. Rockefeller's advice, "Save your jennies," has not brought forth lntignant protest that he Is plagiarising rotn Ben Franklin. It is doubtful whether Monticello was v.t as great a care to Jefferson as it uts been to his admirers among later venerations. The Clapp Committee. It is stated that the Clapp Investigates committee will broaden Its work and i v to uncover something that will assist n shaping more effective legislation caring upon the use of money In political ampaigns. An excellent idea. So far. the committee's labors have not >een very productive. Nothing of great niportance ha? been developed. None >r the witnesses has "turned In" anythli? > a nature sustaining any of the lurid rarns which called the committee into >eing. The public knows little more than t knew before tha committee was aptofnted. There is no criticism of the committee n this statement. It has called to the witness chair the men indicated by the lature of the inquisition, and others sug;eated by them, and put questions deggncd bring out the Information sought. But the rewards have been small. Even Mr. Hearst, from Wham much had been expected, was a disappointment as a witness. He had already emptied his sack in his magazine and newspapers. ? Too much may have been expected. The public for years had been fed on round numbers, until it was gorged with indignation and curiosity on the subject of campaign boodle., All estimates of collections and expenses 'were large.. Item: Mr. Ifanha in the first McKlnley campaign had spent' anywhere from fifteen to twenty-five- rriillion dollars?a gues'sin* leeway of a little old ten millions. Item: Mr. Roosevelt had been floated into office on a tide of boodle. Item: But for enormous sums collected in New York. Chicago. Cincinnati and other centers. Mr. Taft would have been beaten by Mr. Bryan. While these assertions were absurd on their face, they were repeated so often they at last made a certain Impression on a portion of the public, and a sentiment was created for an Investigation of at least two of the campaigns under charges. Hehce the Clapp committee. Publicity is an excellent cry. But *loes publicity publish? Does the law as it now stands work the reform desired and designed? Do we get through the medium of official reports all the moneys collected and spent In political campaigns? Not that officials falsify their, reports, but that there are many ways of aiding political campaigns with.money subscriptions to regular campaign funds. In this day of congressional investigations everybody is on the alert for news and reforms, and the task set for the Clapp committee. while difficult, is worthy of the most thorough treatment. i ? ? i Time and the Tariff. August next is the latest date fixed in popular speculation for supplanting the j Payne law with the Underwood law. That will give the new tariff a trial of some fifteen months before the election when the people will pass on the measure at the polls. A new House and a third of the Senate will be chosen in November. 1014. A fair trial was considered important in the case of the Payne law; and the trial obtained was about the length of that set for the Underwood law. But the Payne law was condemned at the polls. In fact, it went into the conTrpceiftn n 1 onmnalirn nf Iftlll kandipanno/l ? ' * V VI *V V IIUIIUIV t>y the divisions it had caused in the republican party while shaping in Congress. and it never recovered from their effects. The republican defeat was presaged a year before election day, and would have taken place had the election icen held in any month between the passage of the law and November, 1910, when it did take place. In that contest, as in that of last fall, he republicans defeated themselves. Mr. ""lark Is as much Speaker by the grace? >r folly?of the opposition as Mr. Wilson s President. Neither could have reached lis place except through divided repubican ranks. A united republican party would have given Mr. Cannon a fifth erm as Speaker and Mr. Taft a second is President. So that while time is an element In rving out a new tariff law, it is not all mportant. Of far greater consequence s it to hold the revisers together in heir work, and turn out a measure with a solid party approval behind it. rhey revise in vain who wrangle over he task so bitterly as to provide the jpposition with material for use on the dump. I.et the democrats take Warning. Let Mr. Wilson, now that the campaign is >ver, take a definite stand. I^t Mr. 1'nderwood and Mr. Bryan it possible 'ompose their differences about wool and netals. Let such democrats as believe in protection indicate where in their iudgnient it shonld apply, and let such lemocrats as. while decrying protection is a steal yet want a share while the dealing continues, state the amount of he plunder they th!nk is coining to them. *Cow is the accepted time; now the day 'or agreement. A little while and it may ie too late. Confession is good for the soul. Especially when the truth is already known. Everybody knows that the democrats are divided on the tariff, that there are free radcrs and protectionists in that party, md all of us have Just seen an illustra:ion of the fact that a party divided against itself at the polls cannot stand. Suspicion hovers densely over the story that W. J. Bryan tried to buy two terrapin for a dollar. Mr. Bryan lias not been eating dollar dinners so persistently as to fail to distinguish between terrapin and mock turtle. A demand for simplicity in afflkirs of public importance does not imply^demand for relaxation of standard^^if taste. To be effectually simple is as manners as It is in art, the height of ' elegance. The English suffragettes who are tampering with railway signals seem letermined to show reasons why they should be kept as far as possible from my responsibilities involving human safety. Castro might get some valuable influence in connection with his hopes t>f becoming a resident if he could convince the western agriculturists that he Is willing to go to work as a farm hand. The postal savings bank and a parcel post will leave no doubt of Mr. Hitchcock's right to claim that he will leave the Post Office Department much busier than he found It. Even the most sincere patriot is sometimes compelled by his private circumstances to look a government office squarely in the salary envelope. One great difficulty in regulating a great stock exchange is that human nature insists on the right to squander its money on bad tips. Every mention of Jack Johnson awakens a wish in the minds of manv that old John L. Sullivan were in his prime. A Tale of Near-Cannibalism. Hall to Guy de Villepion. erstwhile correspondent of the Russo-Japanese war, onetime teacher in San Francisco, apparently a general all-around sort of chap who tires easily of the monotony of conventional life and seeks excitement in the out-of-the-way places of the earth. His latest adventure is certainly of a sort to satisfy the cravings for the unusual in any breast. He has just returned to San FYancisco from South America with a story of a weird experience while trying to cross from Ciudad to Buenos Aires. He tells of encountering a strange people, half way developed between apehood and manhood, missing links of a sort. They were not at all inhospitable to the traveler. Indeed, they treated him with great kindness. They gave him plenty to eat and professed such affection for Mm that they took precautions to prevent his premature departure. After a time he began to grow suspicious of this hospitality and concluded that his hosts appreciated him to a decidedly sinister degree. Consequently he made his departure secretly, and now he has turned up In Ban Francisco- with this thrilling story. One would be loath to disbelieve so enterprising a narrator. The plausibility of the tale Is undeniable. Cannibalism may yet be practiced In outof-the-way places, and although science may scoff at the ape-man proposition, its incredulity is of no Importance. The fact that this returned traveler has told the story is quite sufficient, for his immediate purposes, which probably have to do with the enlightenment of the public on the subject at a good space rate. The Indianapolis Verdict. The result of the trial at Indianapolis, in which forty labor union official? were charged with complicity in the McXamara dynamite plots. Is doubtless a surprise to a majority of the people, who have feared it would result either in a mistrial or a wholesale acquittal for lack of evidence. "CTiere has been, of course, no desire to see any of the defendants convicted on this charge unless they were in iaet guilty. The charge itself, however, was of such a nature as to make a mistrial or an acquittal quite a possible result. Conspiracy is one of the most difficult' of crimes to prove, and it,Is therefore the more remarkable that with so large a field of defendants all hut two have been adjudged guilty. This verdict ought to have a wholesome effect. The labor organisations of the country were seriously shaken by the disclosures in the MciNamara case at L<os Angeles:1 and now it appears from the verdict of the jury at Indianapolis that the outrage there was only part of a general policy of destruction and revenge practiced by one of these organizations. The trial was conducted with great deliberation. covering many weeks, with the defendants ably represented, and with a wide range of testimony that gave thejury the fullest possible light upon the whole matter. Of course, there will be appeals, and possibly a reversal of the verdict, but in any case the warnihg to organized labor , to steer clear of dynamiters and the policy of violence Is distinct and pointed. No March to Washington! The lamentable spectacle of women marching to Albany to present a petition to Gov. Sulzer in behalf of equal suffrage may. it is now reported, be repeated in February in the tramp of a squad of women from New York to Washington to lay a similar petition before President Wilson immediately after his inauguration. Surely wiser counsels will prevail and this ridiculous plan be abandoned. A walk t'o Washington in February would be certain to be attended with great hardships and might even endanger the lives of those engaging in it. The survivors of such a march, on reaching Washington, would be objects of pity rather than sympathy, and it is quite certain that they would have far less influence in the way of enlisting the supnort of the new administration than though they came here in dignity and comfort and laid their case before the President as do other people who have a cause to advance. Occasionally Mayor Gaynor is quoted in a way suggesting doubts whether some of those old-time celebrities would have walked into undying fame so easily if they had been compelled to meet the difficulties of the New York mayor's office. i hi? i i i The proceedings in which Julian Hawthorne is now involved, relating to mining enterprises, recall that many men who have been authorities in literature were not authorities in finance. Many democrats believe that Mr. Bryan's close scrutiny of the subject of free silver should enable him to rc-cognize any economic fallacy as far as he can see it. Too much simplicity in an inauguration would show a serious lack of consideration for the country's great and growing brass band industry. SHOOTING STABS. BY PHIbAN'DKR JOHNSON. Successful Expedient. "I tried to sing my youngest boy to sleep." said Senator Sorghum, "but it wouldn't work. Then I told him a story. and that wouldn't work, cither." "How did you get hirn to sleep?" "My wife came to the rescue with one of her clever suggestions. I delivered one Of my speeches to him." In Perplexity. "Jo8iah," exclaimed the anxious mother, "I wish you'd come here!" "What's the trouble?" "I don't know whether Gwendolyn is having a spasm or practicing one of these bew dances!" The Climate. The fickle climate frets us once again With irritations that will not depart. It merely thaws a little now and then To give another freeze a better start. Considerate. "The trouble with Bliggins is that he takes himself too seriously." "He doesn't really." replied Alias Cayenne. "His wife has gotten the impression that he is a great man and he tries to avoid dispelling the illusion." The trouble about keeping a diary is that when anything genuinely interesting happens you haven't time to write about it. Economics in Miniature. "I can't help thinkln'," said Farmer Corntossel, "that things In general is a good deal like they are down to Joe ; Struthers' store." "I have noticed." answered his wife, "that you most always come back from there with some ideas." "Yes. And what struck me this time is . that the folks that puts in the most time 1 talkln' loud about polities ain't the ones ; that are doln' the real buyin' and sellln'." ' The Daily Dangle. They sing about the dear old farm. And of the leafy lane. And of the village school whose charm They cannot quite explain. And since they wander through the map While touching strains are sung, I'll carol of the street car strap. Where I have often hung! How I swayed with courage stout. Like some banner tossed about! I almost learned to take a i.ttle nap. With a cultivated twist Of the muscles of my wrist, I have dangled dally from the street car strap! We strive to view the roof o'erhead With an expression sweet. We say "Beg pardon!" as we tread On one another's feet. How proudly shines the polished place Round whtch our hands we wrap, As in suspension there we grace The dear old street car strap! How it helped to keep my nerve As we went around the curve And almost fell into somebody's lap. I enjoy my only chance At a modern ragtime dance As I hang upon that dear old street car strap. FEDERAL ClILTOl Fish, being one of the most important foods, has been the subject of consideration since the achievement Beginning . of our national independof Work ence* But "while several WOTK. states ha4 fish commissions, and .the American Fish Cultural Association, now the American Fisheries Society, was In existence prior to 1871.. no branch of the government was charged with this question until that year. But matters of importance arising of both a f Arniorn QnH rl Am oot (o no?n orocc t vt vipi" uiiu uvmcoiiv uaiuic, wugitao was influenced .to pass an act creating the office of commissioner of flsh and fisheries in 1871. its duties being to prosecute "investigations and inquiries on the subject, with a view of ascertaining whether any and what diminution in the number of the food fish of the coast and the lakes of the United States had taken place: and if so, to wHat causes the sime is due: and also whether any and what protective, prohibitory or precautionary measures should be adopted in the premises." Although nothing was attached to the position of commissioner of fish and fisheries but "honor and glory," a man. regarded as pre-eminently qualified for the new position was found, and Spencer Fullerton Baird, then assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, wgs given the appointment. Commissioner Baird entered upon his duties at once and continued as the head of the commission "until ids death in 1887. Succeeding him came Dr. George Brown Goode. eminent as an ichthyologist and fishery expert, .who had been Prof. Bairfl's assistant. After less than .a year's time, however, Dr. Goode voluntarily gave up the eommissionership to devote his entire time to the National Museum, of which he was director. Next cim'e Commissioner Marshall McDonald, practical fish culturist and inventor of important mechanical appliances nowused in the hatching"of fish all over the world, who. like Commissioner Baird, served until his death, in 1895. Commissioner McDonald was the first salaried head of the commission. Following him came Capt. John J. Brioe, a retired naval officer, who held the office for two years and was succeeded in 1808 by George Meade. Bowers, the present commissioner. Until 1903 the bureau was known as the "United States commission of fish and fisheries." and was an independent institution of the government, responsible directly to Congress. In that year it was included in the new Department of Commerce and Labor, becoming the United States bureau of fisheries. * * * From the outset the work of the bureau naturally fell under the three general heads of scientific Organization investigation, fishery in . -p....qutry ana nsn culture. 'rlc This same classification, extended and perfected, enters into the organization at the present time. Approximately 350 persons form the present personnel of the bureau, of whom all l>ut about ninety are at outside stations, laboratories or on vessels. The land owned and occupied by the bureau at its fishcultural and biological stations covers an aggregate area of 12,0W> acres, with a value of $240,000. Improvements and equipments at these stations represent more thah $1,000,000. while other property of the bureau includes four seagoing steam and sail vessels, twenty steam launches and 150 small sail, power and row boats, which, with equipment, are valued at about $300,000. Six fish transportation cars are worth $45,000. The aggregate investment of the national government in property devoted to the fishery service is thus about $1,585,000. And in the beginning $5,000 was appropriated for its work and no salary for its head! At the time of the formation of the bureau artificial propagation of fishes was not contemplated, but was instituted by an act of Congress a year after its establishment. The fishes to which attention was first given were the shad. Atlantic salmon, and whitefish. The work proved so popular that it was extended annually, and soon* overshadowed all other branches. The policy followed by the bureau, as enunciated by Dr. tioode. has been that it is better to expend a small amount of public money in making fish so abundant that they can be caught without restriction and serve as cheap food for the people, at large than to expend a much larger sum in preventing the people from catching the few fish that still remain after generations of improvidence. * * & The actual work of the bureau has followed this line, to increase the fish life of this country instead of deFatemal voting its time to the enact, ment and enforcement of XuiOrt. fij^ry legislation. In this work the United States government has a special and unique claim to he styled "paternal." The stocking of waters with food fishes is a direct benefit to the public, not only increasing the very material that supports an enormous industry. but providing food itself for the individual who will but use his hook and line. After ten years* existence the fishes being regularly cultivated by the bureau numbered about ten. Today that number has been increased almost seven times, and is still growing. Fish cultural work is conducted in considerably more than half the states, about sixty hatcheries or subhatcheries have been established and sixty-five field stations. A peculiar kind of station which is included in this general class is that devoted to the collection of fishes of various kinds obtained from the overflow in tinupper Mississippi valley. In the lowlands along the streams in this region the spring floods receding leave disconnected sloughs and pools, which either become dry during the summer, or, if they remain until the winter, freeze solid. Immense numbers of fish therein being lost. By seining these waters the bureau obtains large numbers of fish anH rot 11 en u oomo U~ 41..1 ' ?' "V"" VI Iiiriu Kicir Ilillive streams, distributing others to adjacent waters. In the autumn of a single year six cars were employed in moving" the fishes thus rescued. From 1872 to 1 f>08 the aggregate distribution from the hatcheries of the bureau of fisheries was about 22,365,200.000 eggs, fry and fishes, of which total about 10.341.700.000 represents the work of the last five years of that time. For instance, in a single . year, practically 140.000.000 whitefish eggs were distributed, while 384.480.000 . j fry of the same species were also distributed. Of the pike perch even a larger number were sent out. there being 218,725,000 eggs and 193.438.000 fry. For the year there was a total of 4o7,647,0,"? eggs. 2.3118.886,2.->7 fry and 14.1122,968 flngerllngs, yearlinsrs and adults distributed, or a grand total of 2.871,436,380. * * * In the distribution of fishes the first consideration is to make ample return to the waters frotr. Polioy of which the eggs or | n:-;i. have been colDistnbution. lected The remainder of the product is consigned to suitable public or private waters. All applications for fish for private waters and many of those for public streams and lakes are transmitted through a senator or representative. The fish are carried to their destination in railroad cars or by messengers, who accompany the shipments in baggage cars. Fishes are distributed at vaTHE PEACE PARLEY. From the New York World. After provisionally dividing up Turkey in Europe the Balkan allies adjourned over Christmas. As for the Turk?well. Christmas isn't much in his line, anyhow. From the Pittsburgh Poet. Turkey is going to reject the peace proposals and then appeal to the powers for mediation. Then there will be danger of the powers disagreeing on the disposition of the spoils. From the New York Evening Telegram. Hope those' peace delegates in Ixmdon who are represented as imbued with the Christmas spirit don^t get lost in the fog. RE OF FISHERIES rious stages of development, according to the species, number in hatcheries and facilities for rearing, and are delivered free of charge to applicants at ine rauroau stations nrarrsi uir point .of deposit. The special cars now used for thfs part of the work are the most modern obtainable. Attached to regular express and local passenger trains, each car has' twenty or more large water tanks in which to carry fish, compartments holding more than 1.000 gallons of reserve wrater. a boiler room, plant for pumping both water and air into the tanks, as well as an office, kitchen. ~antries and sleeping berths for the crew of five men. including the cook, who lives on the car throughout the year. One year's distribution required travel amounting to 83,810 miles by the cars, and 263.196 .miles by detached messengers, a total of 34 7,036 miles. Of that number nearly 100.000 miles were furnihhed by the railroads free of charge. In the early part of March, 1911. Congress established the Alaska fisheries service, which included the fur seal service. salmon fisheries and others, and the fur-bearing animals of Alaska, which latter must have slipped in by mistake. This work had previously been under the charge of the division of inquiry respecting food fishes, but had never had the opportunity to spread to the extent necessary for efficient work. The new division was formally organized by the first of July of the same year. The fishing interests of Alaska, representing an investment of $9.0no,<K\i and yielding in a single year a product worth more than $b?,f*s?.00o, have received the attention of the government ever since the territory was acquired in 1K??7. The seal fisheries. at first considered the most valuable sources of revenue, were at once placed under protective legislation, and later the same need arose in connection with the salmon fisheries, having now become many times more valuable than the seal fisheries. * * * Supervision of the salmon fisheries, as of the seal, was first given to the Treasury Department, under Salmon which it remained until ami Qeal 1903' whpn U was trans" l'erred to the Department ?f Commerce and Dabor, and by that 3 * ?* ? ! ? <iV?ni>a-A nf thn uepariineni huu mc v nai?t bureau of fisheries. The same year in which the change was made a special commission was appointed to make an exhaustive study of the natural history of the salmons of Alaska and to submit recommendations for improved regulation of the fisheries, and as a result a new code of laws is now in effect. Thus today both the salmon and seal are protected. With the addition to this work of the care of the minor fur-bearing anirtials of Alaska another line of work was opened up for the bureau, and one which is slightly foreign to their general work, fur-bearing animals such as bear, fox, ermine, lynx, etc., being somewhat foreign to the general conception of a bureau of fisheries. However, the bill (which placed this work in the charge of the bureau also provided for the appoint- : ment of one warden and four deputy ! wardens whose duties should be to see | that the law and regulations regarding | these animals are observed, and to make a study of the habits, abundance and distribution of the various species which will be helpful in conducting the work. Until now there has been 110 way by which complete statistics of the annual shipment of furs from Alaska could be obtained. Available statistics for 19lO. however, show that the furs shipped from Alaska during that year, exclusive of fur seal, amounted to $445,370. As that does not include the furs shipped by mail, or those taken out as baggage, it is believed that the actual output greatly exceeded $500,000. Figures are necessary to give an adequate idea of the real proportions of the fish industry of this country. Statistics for IP in. the latest available, show that 4.548 vessels landed at Boston, of which trips the aggregate of the fish brought in was 102,0!Hi. 154 pounds, valued at $2,711,521. At Gloucester 2.011 trips were j landed, with a total cargo aggregating 79.044.1 is pounds of fish worth 12,121.820. This makes a total of 10.559 trips. 181.784,272 pounds of fish, with a value of $4,838,841. | * * ; i Much evidence exists showing that fishI cultural cmerations of the bureau are nf direct financial benefit to Planting the country at large. Take. ! Chad 'or }nst?nre- shad, the j onaa. leading river fish of the eastern seaboard. No other anadromous species has been more extensively cultivated and none is now so dependent on artificial measures for its perpetuation. The extent of the work may be gauged | when it is stated that more than ! nho.ono of young shad have been planted J by the bureau in coastal streams, j Another point is that the eggs from which these fish were hatched were taken from fish that had been caught for the market and would, therefore, have been totally lost had not the bureau collected them from the fishermen. The magnitude of the salmon fisheries of the Pacific states has required very extensive artificial measures to keep up the supply. In combination wit li the i states, the bureau has gradually extendi ed the scope of tin- work until it lias now | attained a. tremendous extent. The quantity ef Pacific salmon eggs collected by 'the bureau in one year was more than I :;cn.<x;o.ooo, or the equivalent of 1','JOO bushels. A considerable number of old-world fishes have been introduced into American waters, and some of them have become well known in various parts of the country. Two European trout, the Asiatic goldfish and the European ide and trench are now very familiar ornamental species, while of all the exotic | tishes, none is so well known as the carp, which was introduced from ticrniatiy about thirty years ago. As a commercial proposition the introduction of this lish was a success, as it today forms one of the common foods of America, is regularly exposed for sale In every large city, supports special lisheries In fifteen states and is regularly taken for market purposes in thirty-five states. The sales for one year amounted to pounds, for which the fishermen received more than $500,000. * * * Among the experiments being carried on by the bureau, and one which it is thought will become Transplanting successful, is the transT , , planting of the lobster liODB rs. to the Paeitie coast. As early as ls7."> the bureau made its tirst move to supply the deficiency and up to 1K80 five attempts to establish the species were made. No results having appeared, however, the experiment was renewed in l'.HH). when a special carload of brood lobsters numbering more than had ever been sent, was dispatched to Puget sound, while the following year an even larger shipment was made. Some of the results attained by the | bureau through the distribution of new methods concerning catching iish, and other information, have ??een enormous. By the introduction of gill nets with I giass hall floats for taking cod the winter cod fishery of New England was revolutionized. In a single season more than k,'HJOtOOO pounds of large-sized fish were taken, while as much as $50,000 has been saved annually in the single item of bait. By the dissemination'of information regarding new Ashing grounds important fisheries have been inaugurated. Thus, when the abundance of halibut oft the coast of Iceland was made known by the bureau a fishery was begun which yielded from $70,000 to $100,000 annually to the New England fishermen. BLEASE AGAIN. From the Pittsburgh Gazette-Times. Really we do not believe that Gov. Blease of South Carolina is as bad as he pretends to be. How could lie be and live? From the Cincinnati Inquirer. We gather from the revised remarks of the Governor of South Carolina that the time is all too short between drinks. From the >>w York Tribune. The only possible excuse which can be put up for Gov. Cole Blease is that the people of South Carolina, knowing what he was and what he had already done, deliberately re-elected him. FIFTY HEARS AGO IN THE STAR President Lincoln met the demand of the republican senatorial caucus for a cabinet reorganization with Lincoln's a firmness that prevented j what would pronaoiy nave ?lminCSS. been a disastrous shift in Uie administrative organization. In The Star of December 22. 1S?2. is the following comment on the situation: "We feel sure that the President, in reply to the recent tender of their resignations by the three members of the cabinet who took that step last week, lias requested them to continue in the discharge of their respective ministerial functions, with an intimation that he entertains no idea of the severance of their official association. It is understood that Messrs. Seward. Chase and Blair only had tendered their resignations before this action of the President induced the others to decline sending in theirs. This course on the part of President Lincoln was by no means unexpected to us, inasmuch as we felt perfectly sure that the investigation of the possibility of administering the government under entirely radical auspices would very speedily convince him that it could not be done. The reader will please not understand us as intimating a belief that the President has at any time entertained that purpose; though acceptance of Mr. Seward's resignation and closer affiliation with the influences that inaugurated the senatorial caucus proceedings inducing the course of Mr. S. would have amounted to nothing more or 'less than such an attempt. It was. at least, questionable whether the withdrawal of Mr. Seward from his present position would not have precipitated the administration clearly into a minority in both houses of Congress upon every point objectionable to the republican party conservatives?that is. during the balance of the life of the present Congress. After the 4th of March next, had an attempt been made to place the affairs of the country wholly in the keeping of the radicals, their policy would have been sustained by hardly more than a corporal's guard in the lower house." * ik 4c Much criticism of the Army of the Potomac for its failure to carry the Confederate position at FredPresident's ericksburg followed the Praise withdrawal of the Federal forces across the Rappahannock. In The Star of December U3, 186U, is the following, which indicates that this feeling was not, shared in the highest administrative circles: "The following touchingly eloquent address of the President, taken in connection with Gen. Burnside's report, which we published yesterday, forms a chapter in the history of this war hardly less I creditable, indeed, to human nature than to the distinguished authors of the two papers themselves: " 'To the Army of the Potomac: 1 have just read your commanding general's preliminary report of the battle of Fredericksburg. Although you were not successful. the attempt was not an error, nor the failure other than an accident. The courage with which you, in an open Held, maintained the contest against an entrenched foe and the consummate skill and success with which you crossed and recrosscd in the face of the enemy show that you possess all the qualities of a great army, which will yet give victory to the cause of the country and of popular government. Condoling with the mourners for the dead, and sympathizing with the severely wounded, I congratulate you that the number of both is comparatively so small. I tender to you, officers and soldiers, the* thanks of the nation. " ABRAHAM LINCOLN.' " * * * As time passed the refusal of the President to yield to the radicals of the Senate in the matter of the Foreign cabinet officers whose res_ ignations were demanded interest. appeared to have been iiiOKi iuriunaie 101 me tuumry, espviiiiii) with reference to the judgment of foreign powers respecting the prospects of the Confederacy. In The Star of December 24, 1862, is this comment: 'During the recent cabinet imbroglio we heard from more than one well informed source of the serious solicitude felt and expressed by the ministers of the various foreign powers as to the future of our country. The resignation of the Secretary of State under such circumstances was generally pronounced to he the beginning of the disruption of the government?a disruption which in all revolutions commences with faction and divided counsels, and ends in chaotic ruin. When the gloom was increased by the announcement of the resignation of the Secretary of the Treasury, whose services were felt to be not less indispensable in his department than those of the Secretary of State in his, this view of affairs was strongly conHrmed. That the contemplated change in 11lie cabinet would have been so regarded at every Kuropean court, there is little reason to doubt. What new schemes of intervention would have been built upon it, and how far they would have been successful, who can tell? Fortunately, this additional trial of our national strength has been averted, and the steamer of today will take out the intelligence that the American government, Iti circumstances under which many another government has succumbed, has displayed only new proof of her stability. It is due to the foreign ministers to say that we are informed and believe that their c ongratulations upon the judicious action of the President are not less sincere than those of our own citizens?" * ? T Railroad travel lifty years ago was not luxurious, especially as there were many people who failed, in using Railroad the transportation facili_ f ties, to consider the rights Kelorm. others. The following , paragraph in The Star of December 27. 1S02, indicates, however, that some ad- ' vance was being made toward better con- ( ditions: "Passengers traveling between this city and New York are loud in praise of the Jate arrangements! of lie companies com- ( posing the line of railroads between the two cities to secure the greater comfort of their patrons than the latter were , heretofore able to enjoy. No passenger is now permitted to incommode Diss fellows by monopolizing seats that he or she has not paid for. while others in the car may not be accommodated with a rair snare of space; nor are ladies traveling upon the roads subject to the insult of rowdy blackguardism uttered in their presence, none but ladies and their male attendants being permitted in the cars devoted to their accommodation. This sorting and sifting secures order and quiet during their whole trip, and for all on the train.-' THE WEAL AND THE WOE OF IT. Time, (lie wonder worker, brings Changes without number. What owe seemed the proper things Xow forgotten sluinl>er. I Always it is something new. Xow to this we're coasting: . In another day or two We'll be parcels posting. : Dead are works of yesterday, And today is passing: I But tomorrow! Who can say What it Is amassing. , What it has in store for us For our joyous toasting? Here's one duty more for us. I Bnter parcels posting. "Xtx! on suob a song of joy. Can the gleeful titter! Cut It! Cut It out, ray hoy. * Write up something hitter." I Spake a stranger garbed in gray. "Turn your pen to roasting, 1 I shall erer curse the day Men go parcels posting!" "Why would you my ardor damp? I This stays, as I've penned it. t It's a boon to stick a stamp j On an egg and send it." , Said I to the gloomy guy, "Why do you assail, man?" f "/list because," be made reply "I'm the wear/ mail man." ?Detroit Fne Press. I PEACE CONFERE The dispatches from London the Jlst announcinK the adjournment of the eonfcr ence until Saturday, the :i*th Signs of instant, indicated plain sailing Fpac# and peace. The Turks no long* er objected to the Greek delegales. 110 longer insisted ui>on the reprovlsionment of their besieged fortresses Austria no longer threatened Servla hecause of the port on the Adriatic, and was disposed to accept apology and punishment of the authors of the insult to her consul. Was this peace? The dispatches from London of the Joth. notwithstanding the adjournment, affected to create the impression that there was disquietude over Russia's and Austria's failure to demobilize. That the Turk and the Austrian would continue the game of bluff they had jointly undertaken was quite expected. Russia's firm attitude in favor of the allied cause is quite sufficient to curb the intrigues of Austria.. As for the Turk, he knows very well how he should interpret the solidarity of his victorious foe. That there should he no mistake on that head King Ferdinand addressed an order to the army- the "1st expressing thanks and appreciation of the achievements of the army. With other things he said significantly : "You should profit by the present moment to rest in order to prepare yourselves for fresh efforts, in which case I have no doubt you will cover your banners with new and imperishable glory." M. Polticare's speech in the chamber of deputies on the "1st .instant was optimistic. Albania would be autonomous, independent and neutral under the control of the powers. Servia would accept the suggestion made by the ambassadors of the powers that she should obtain a commercial outlet on the Adriatic. Scrvia's port would he free and neutral and connected by an international railroad under the control of the powers. * * * Reviewing the negotiations between the powers concerning the Balkan war, M. Polncare referred to the Poincare's intimate association of p England, Russia and comment. France. There was no ground, he said, for the fears expressed hy some Frenchmen that England would pursue an isolated policy, which did not conform with the policy of France. Referring to a note of sinister importance already cited as having appeared in the Matin of Paris, namely: "The question of the orient is to be closed at Eondon. Let them have a care they do not open a European question." It may be asked if this is not precisely what lias happened? The fact has been clearly stated by M. Polncare that the difficulty with Austria against Servia had been settled on the suggestion made by the ambassadors of the powers. And M. Polncare expressed the opinion that the agreement over the Adriatic outlet for Servia eliminated one of the principal causes of European discord. This is doubtless true for the moment, but what if this temporary elimination should in the end justify the note in the Matin that the ambassadors may have closed the question of tins orient at Condon only to open a European question? It was Dr. Danef. the Bulgarian plenipotentiary. who said most forcibly in the conference: "Their credentials did not. authorize them to deal with incidents already solved or outside the mission which brought them to Condon." The subject of the ambassador's suggestion was clearly outside the mission. * * * Is it possible that the reported dissensions among the allies themselves have rendered absolutely necesDissensions *ary the intervention of p , , the ambassadors as & jveportea. sort of court of arj,jtra_ tion on the suggestion of the allies? Neither M. Danef nor M. Venlzelos, although unquestionably great diplomats, may. have been sufficient to arrange the dissensions of their governments over the question as to which Saloniki should belong. We know pertinently that there was a grave dispute between Bulgaria and Greece 011 this question of Saloniki. Have the ambassadors of the powers been solicited to arrange it? If so. the intervention was clearly unavoidable. The Greek army entered Saloniki first, but a Bulgarian arnjy of r>o,noo men rejoined them, and Gen. Theodorof in his report claims that the Bulgarian army, under Gen. Pctrof, was entitled to the honor of forcing the surrender of the city. Sofia and Athens were greatly excited over the point as to whether Saloniki was to he Bulgarian or Greek. There was a similar strife over Monastir. where Greece also had pretensions. Fur a fact the principal difficulty was less what Turkey would cede to the allies than how tiie allies would divide what Turkey would give. It was not astonishing that the difficulty arose. The allies by a curious paradox are victims of their proper success. When they joined together the allies marked out the lines of their respective shares of territory. But their lines did not extend to those attained h.v their armies. The frontier between the Bulgarian zone and the Servian was fixed to I.akc Okhrida. The question of Saloniki was not mentioned: neither was Constantinople. The victories achieved rendered useless their modest agreement. The booty was far in excess of their hopes and it was necessary, therefore, to make other arrangements, and it is precisely these arrangements which are the most difficult to make. is it this difficult impasse which has decided M. Denef and M. Venezelos to invoke the judgment of the ambassadors of the powers? That situation was certainly not without peril for the union, which it is necessary to maintain intact, or there could be no life in the Balkan alliance. M. Poincare in his speech in the chamber of deputies- the Iflst instant, after outlining the suggestions made by the ambassadors of the powers, as heretofore cited, added: "If unhappily the ncgotia- I lions between the delegates to the peace j ruiiirrruvi* .mmmjiw ut* in un? u oil me ti.urt>pegn powers would quickly resort to mediation." V V This announcement must have proved a note of warning to Turkey, the powers having already accepted Note of the principle that the alWarnino ,io* wer* j,Jstly to a J g. cjajm the territory on which their armies were encamped. But it will prove most interesting and instructive in this otherwise nebulous affair of the war of the Balkans to follow M. Poin;are's remarks before the committee on [oreign affairs of the French chamber prior to his speech in the chamber. The premier made it quite clear that he was making for France alone. But it is nevertheless true that the situation portrayed BARRING CASTRO. "rout the Detroit News. In trying to bar Castro from the I'nited States, the asphalt trust is scarcely doing more than Castro tried to do to it in Venezuela. "rom the St. I?ui? Republic. In refusing: Oipriano <'astro permis- j =ion to land, I'nele Sam shows that lie Knows precisely what to do with exjresidents of Venezuela. 'rotn the Toledo Blade. If it can be determined that Cipriano "astro is a contagious disease he will tot be permitted to land in this country. 'rom the New York Sun. Why' not serve ex-President Castro with a subpoena to testify before the 'ujo committee? That would save all lie costs and bother of deportation and nsure his prompt departure from these shores. "rom the Baltimore fun. In the case of Castro, It will be up to .'nc^e Sam to speed the coming guest. i NGE AT LONDON. > applied, though in m minoi degree. to all | the nation* of Europe who were more o. less interested economically utid jx?lit ically in Turkey. I'nfortunatejy these economical intetests of tlie powers of Europe in the ottoman empire are perhaps tlie leal rnooii why Europe insists upon maintaining the Turk in Europe It was Kiamtl Pa*ha. grand vizier, in the agony of Turkla.i defeat at l.ule-BtirgA*. who Intimated as much. If France would one <1?\ propose nn IIalion wit It wmc chance of success it ? <* iirurleut to dvp the allies at the -ante time the certainty that no great Kuropvan ! powor would seek to attribute t.. It ?? If. ill whole or in part. the fruit of th?.r I success j ftt.c a was tin- simple siguili. ation of t ie ; clause which France in cliw* comniui > <i tton with Russia ami Flight ml pi ..p..s.-?l 'October '*>. accompanied t?>- an ofl r I of mediation. W'iif,i Russia s|H>ulan< i - j |y aubscribed to "<1.s nteivsti .1 ess" sin > il not tut i'.<l to say d<- 'tlx liat she I... 1 neltln-r politi. ! ..or 11. 1 int. *t m tlie orient, hut only that she , th I that she Iim.I no though) of t. t 1 i aggrandize*:;* . * - it ?> " * without exception, in tact, have ii> .V attested that th?*> did not foil- \ . >y design of territorial extension. i"; e never had any id.-:: of disinter)- <1 in the Italkanlc ?iu< -tie : Itself France possess. .1 in tin- icgi.c .> !pled the allied armies intent-. i varied nature and . . ? Interests of erable. F.ance In tin- I p. Place was the p in. U j?ranee. ,.reditor ..r Turke>. .i the Ottoman debt for its gn-atei pan .s in the hands of the French. It i- a principle of common law today recognized all over the world that in case of tie dismemberment of a state the annexing state cannot take possesion of the annexed territory except that it assume tlie charges against it and equitably pay a large part of the public debt contract* I by the dismembered state. The difficulty was to determine the contributive shauof the Balkanic states. But the debt was not the only object whic-h solicited public attention in France. France was deeply interested in the "regie," or control of tobacco. France has much capital engaged in a great number of concessions of public service Among these the Administration of the lighthouses of the Ottoman Kmptre. tlie Society of Ports and Wharves of Saloniki. the society that exploits the mines of Cassandra and Seienitza are French enterprises. and these are only cited as examples of kindred affairs. Other societies without being already recognised as Voncessionnaires" have signed contracts of the necessary studies which contain in reality the privilege of execution, tints the contract for railways in Albania. Kpirus and Macedonia. Others still hold concessions snhject to the approltation of parliaments; thus, for example. the construction of the ports of Cavalia and Rodosto. or the drying upreclaiming?of the flats at the mouth of the Maritza. Nor is this all. There are enterprises having their central headquarters in tieOttoman capital, hut which In the futuie. as in the past, will exercise their dictation over the territory within the Balkan states; for example, the Ottoman Bank and the Bank of Saloniki. * * * Besides. France possesses in the Ottoman empire of yesterday, in addition to economical. industrial A Moral and financial interests. _j , . a certain moral and Patrimony, traditional patrimony which M. Poincare had the courage to claim. This mora) and traditional patrimony was nothing less than the "defender of the Christian" in a country heretofore subject to the rule of the Moslem. France has created and maintained at great cost in Macedonia and Thrace lyceums and commercial schools, orphan asylums, dispensaries, hospitals. aux. a> > schools in which are admitted CatjQeilc, Orthodox, Mussulman and IflroeTrte children. France has also secular rights which were reserved to her by the treaty of Berlin and which permit her to exercise in Turkey the Catholic protectorate. The government of the republic does not wish / to sacrifice any of these mediums of friendly Influence. The attention of the | Balkan states has been already invited to the exceptional situation occupied by France In the recently occupied countries, and there is no doubt but that this | situation will be promptly recognized and 1 PP WT1 pptml If U-ill Kil 1WICUUU9M . . *?- r?. ? "III ?" li' I ? final ,? , HI?Wr?T I , to take up the questions separately with the virtors ami enter into negotiations in orrler to maintain them. M. Poincare called the attention of the comtn'sslon to a Franco-Bulgarian convent Son. signed the lath of April, IP! which upei-itled that the existing estalilishments in Bulgaria should he maintained. It will now be necessary t?? ! make out these conventions anew and ;<ause tliem to conform to the new tcrr'i torial situation. Similar changes W011M i have to he made with the agreements luith < I recce, Servia and Monten^sio These states, as well as Bulgaria, woe ever ready to recognize that the economical. intellectual and moral action < : France in the Balkans had served tie cause of peace and progress. * * * | Of the future the premier declared It 'difficult to forecast If new questions had provoked sonic disscu! Hard to si?>ns in the coufedera_ , tiou itself, its friends iropnesy. j1wpri| ,h,,v would i? promptly dispelled. I'nlon until m>w liad proved its powerful force. The Balkan"' states should not allow themselves to l?e beaten b> regrettable divisions when they had conquered an admirable place of honor in Europe. France lias observed toward Europe in the Balkanie war, as in the Italian j war. a. scrupulous neutrality. It was not | her custom to turn from the unfortuI nate. France hoped that the Ottoman empire would rei-over tomorrow lieprosperity in a reparatory peace, and that France would maintain with Turkey in Europe and Asia Minor her traditional friendly relations. France hoped notably that Turkey would put in execution the .... - . 1 . M ,1 J I 1 ? - ? a ' _ ' 'iipinir* Miiri? m'mthi m??ni -a in favor of the Lybian popuUlions. M. Point-are. it will ix- borne in mind, is pleading in his own house, ills lar- A guage. besides, is that of the diplomat. Turkey would not execute reforms in Macedonia, neither will she reform anything in Lybia. The vast interests of France in common with all 1-i tiro pe, economical and industrial interests I of their citizens and subjects, in brief, are the reasons that Europe would maintain the Turk in Europe. The Turk is a reckless spender and easily exploits! When he leaves Europe for Asia he will be missed. CH. CUATELE-LONXJ. BRYAN AND WILSON. I-'roul i lie Readiuit News. It is said that Col. Bryan looked lumpy after he left his conference with (iuv. Wilson. Perhaps the governor told the Nebraskan to arrange the gifts on the Christmas tree. From the .Tai-ksoiivillc- TimesTuion Wilson and Bryan have met. and still we are not given a list of cabinet members for the new administration. From ibe Atlanta Constitution. If Bryan was snap-shotted during the nonfnrAtiOA n-ii !i ^ Iav \\* ? I ami it ii-n ^ n ' I < v uii*? ? v?iv v ? ii.ii v#w? ?' iiovu 11 n a--u t m speaking: likeness. From the Bridfcport Keening Post, Neither President-elect Wilson nor Wiiliam J. Bryan will tell what was discussed at their meeting, but every on? is entitled to a guess. I'mm the KnoxriUe Jouin?l Tribuii<It is a very well settled fact, that if , Wilson calls Bryan into the cabinet it will not he done upon the recommendation of Champ Clark. t