Evening star. [volume], January 12, 1913, Page 4, Image 20

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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THE EVENING STAR,
With Bnntey Morals* edition.
WASHINGTON. ~j
SUNDAY January 12, 1913
. THEODORE W. NOTES Editor j
______________________________ I
The Krralig Star Scwapaper Company.
Business Office. 11th St. ami Pennsylvania Avenue.
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may he sent by mall, or telephone Main 2440.
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Entered a* ?econd -clans mall matter at tUe po?t
office at Wa?l?!n*tnn. D. C.
CTTn order to avoid delava on account of
personal abecnce letters to THF. STAR should
oot be addressed to any Individual connected
with the office: hnt simply to TITE STAR, or to
the Editorial or Business Department, aceordlne
to tenor or purpose.
Seeking Office.
Tbr younK aspirant for literary honors
hears the Kmersonlan adjuration: "Hitch
your wagon to a star." The young merchant
Is told that if $1R would pay him a
fair profit, to price the coat to his customer
at $20. In other words, in all
rases, aim high.
The advice is good, hut must be applied
with rare and discrimination. It Is best
not to aim too high, lest one excite such
comment as to deprive himself of pleasure
In the lower place he Is forced in the
?nd to take.
The land is filled with seekers after
office. Jt Is honorable to want to serve
the country in office; and a change of
national control from one party to another
develops the ambitions of men In
the field of politics. And It Is well for
aim to aim high. But not too high.
While it is best to give oneseu railing
room." the distance should not be made
too great lest mortification result, or
?ven failure to get anything.
There are many warnings, but two flgrre
prominently in the "anecdotage" of
Washington circles.
A friend of Senator Voorhees, who had
been a county judge in Indiana, wanted
in appointment as assistant secretary in
>ne of the departments here and came
in to push his application. Mr. Voorhees
could not point out to his friend the
absurdity of the ambition, but finally
secured a messenger's piace for him in
that department. Visiting the building a
iittie later the Indiana senator saw his
rtend drawing a small truck loaded with
'looks along a corridor, and observed
tuietly to himself;* "A great country,
this. A county judge in Indiana, a horse
in Washington."
A personal though not a political friend
>f Senator Vance from North Carolina
ame to Washington seeking a diplomatic
jH>st, and asked for an introduction to
Mr. Blaine, then Secretary of State. Mr.
Vance was most obliging, but in presenting
his friend gave Mr. Blaine a glance
which spoke much. The tarheeler lived
near the descendants of an old Indian
tribe, and had never been a great distance
from home. "Have you traveled
much, Mr. So-and-So?" asked Mr. Blaine
kindly. The visitor had not. "What languages
do you speak?" "English, and a
little Choctaw." Both Mr. Blaine and
Mr. Vance kept their faces, and of course
the applicant for diplomatic honors kept
m?, ana me interview came i?m mu wim
the usual polite assurance that the appllratlon
would be considered. Subsequently
the would-be diplomat got a job as a
weigher in a North Carolina custom
aouse.
Many are seeking, but few will And.
The number of places will cause widespread
disappointment. The better is the
reason, therefore, why pains should be
laken by aspirants in taking aim.
Prophets Who Fall Down.
Prophecy is a dangerous trade, whether
the prophet deals in politics or the
veather. If there were not prophets on
very side of every question the prophet
.vould have become extinct ages ago.
There are prophets who flourish because
hey make prophecies that ought to
ome true, and that sometimes do come
rue even without any help from the
rophet. When these things do come
rue the prophet is. of course, a good
rophet. and when they do not come
.rue it is always easy to And the
r<<phet who prophesied that they would
?"t come true. It has been very easy
<>r prophets to forecast disasters, such
train wrecks, great Ares, and so
orth, because the American people are
n careless about such things that they
ilways help the prophets out. In pollics
each side has its prophets, and
\hen the votes are counted the prophets
tt the winning side make such a vlcnrimis
nnine that a man is apt to for
ret about the prophets of the defeated
who prophesied falsely.
But there is one class of prophets
tgainst which public suspicion is now
minted. It is the weather prophet. Of
ourse, he has February and inaugura.ion
day in which to justify himself.
>ut up to date the weather prophet is
in imposter.
Away back In the sunny days of Sepember,
the mellow days of October and
he golden days of November the
Prophets assured us on the honor of
rite breast bone of a wild goose and
:*he fur of a squirrel that we were con'rcnted
by a hard winter. It is believed
tow that the goosebone and the squir el
fur were misrepresented, and that
he prophets did not correctly interpret
those time-honored, reliable and trustwortny
heralds of the future. There
s a sad sense of feeling that the goosebone
and squirrel fur prophets have
been recreant and faithless. Still, intuguration
day is yet to come
Morocco has a new railway. The only
>bjectlon to railways in that part of
he world lies in the special get-away
'aclllties they afford to the brigands.
Washington's Civil War Defenses.
I?ari9 has bought the old line of ma?onry
fortifications circling it, and will
"onvert these relics into parks and boulevards.
Masonry fortifications are out of
iate, and these, because of increased
ange of weapons and the growth of the
French capital, are too close In. the pres;nt
defensive line having a radius of
ibout twelve miles from the Louvre and
t circuit of seventy-five miles. The government
of the United States is neglectng
a matter which is one of the hlstoilc
and esthetic assets of its capital?the line
if civil war defenses of Washington. It
t not too late. Washington was inclosed
oy a three-sided line of defenses. One
ass the northern line, extending from the
neights west of the receiving reservoir,
eastward across the valleys of Powder
Mill run. Rock creek and Plney branch
to the heights overlooking and the flat
lands bordering the Kastern branch.
Another line extended from the heights
west of the Aqueduct bridge, southerly
across the valleys of Four Mile run and
Cameron run to the heights south of
Alexandria. The third line extended from
the heights east of Bennlng. southwestwardly
along the majestic ridge?broken
by almost countless rugged ravines?be
tween the Eastern branch and the Potomac
and Oxon run. There was aaoU'er
group of defenses on the Virginia hilts
above Chain bridge, and also the river
forts. Battery Rodgers at the lower end
of Alexandria, and Fort Foote on Rozier's
bluff, southeast. In Maryland.
There were sixty-eight forts and armed
batteries connected by twenty miles of
infantry parapet for a double rank of
men, and this line was punctuated by
many unarmed batteries?positions already
selected and prepared into which
artillery, principally field batteries,
could be quickly placed. Thirty miles of
military road, defiladed against any position
which an enemy might occupy in
front, brought each link of the defense
system in easy communication with the
others. Soon after 1861, from a few hastily
constructed works covering bridges
or important roads, there was developed
a fortification system by which, according
to Gen. J. G. Barnard, chief engineer
of the defenses of Washington, "every
prominent point at intervals of .Sou or a
i thousand yards was occupied by an inclosed
field fort, and every important ap|
proach or depression of ground unseen
from the forts swept by a battery of field
guns, and the whole connected by the
trenches."
The hills around Washington are still
scarred by mounds and ditches marking
the fort sites. In only a few instances
have the works been completely razed
by man, and In most of these Instances
the site remains as farm land or is very
thinly covered by habitations. The north
iin? . . ~
me ui ufii-iiM's nas neon more artecieu
by the expansion of the city than the
Arlington or Anacostia lines, hut the restoration
of these forts would be an easy
matter and not a costly one.
Above the receiving reservoir Redoubts
Kirby, Cross and Davis, that were united
under the name of Fort Sumner, are
traceable, and the land, where not grown
up in woods. Is under cultivation as farm
lands. Fort Simmons and Fort Mansfield,
which would be pierced by Massachusetts
avenue if that highway were projected
a few hundred yards over the
District line, have been plowed over and
farm produce is raised on their sites.
The site of Fort Bayard, at the crossing
of the River road and the District line,
is unbuilt on, and Massachusetts avenue
just after crossing Nebraska avenue runs
through the tumbled heaps of earth
marking Fort Gaines. Some of Fort Reno
has been thinly built over and much of
Its s4te is commons. De Russy stands in
Rock Creek Park and is safe. Fort Stevens
is partially preserved and privately
owned by a gentleman devoted to its acquisition
and preservation as a government
reservation. Slocum was leveled directly
after the close of the war and
farmed, and has lately been embraced
within a suburban subdivision, but not
built on to any extent- The ruins of Fort
Totten are grown over with wood9 just
adqf nf thp Hnnk frppk rhurP.h moH anH
above the Bladensburg road. Fort remains
are few till one reaches Fort Lincoln
and Battery Jameson, east of the
Bladensburg pike and overlooking the
Eastern branch.
Of the Anacostia line there axe the remains
of Forts Mahan, Chaplin, Meigs,
Dupont, Davis, Ricketts, Stanton, Carroll
and Greble. Forts Baker, Wagner
and Snyder have disappeared, but the
sites could be acquired at a reasonable
cost.
The upper end of the Arlington lines
hao suffered because of suburban growth,
but south of the Columbia turnpike are
the ruins of Forts Albany, Richardson,
Scott, Barnard, Reynolds, Oaresche, Ellsworth,
Williams, Lyon, Weed, O'Rorke
and Willard. Fort Berry has disappeared,
Fort Ward is being leveled this winter
and Worth is maintained and is occupied
by the villa of a distinguished
Confederate officer. In the case of every
fort site it commands the widest view
obtainable in that locality. That is one
reason the fort was built there. These
hilltops and ridge crests would be extremely
valuable as park land in addition
to their historic significance. The
old defenses of Washington should be
saved and connected by a boulevard, that
they might be conveniently reached. The
money cost would not be great, measured
against the sentiment and the utility of
the work.
A beginning has been made In this direction.
It was noted in The Star recently
that surveys had been completed
q 1-1*9 mana nrono t>n/l fnr the onnnlirRinn Kv
miu ui?|/o *ui IUV, n?.\juiouiuii uj
the government of Forts Davis and Dupont
and for the building of a connecting
highway. Condemnation proceedings
will probably advance promptly. The acquisition
of these fort ruins has been authorised
by Congress and they will soon
be converted into public parks.
By declaring that he does not desire a
cabinet position Mr. J. J. Hill slightly relieves
the situation. Mr. Hill would seem
to have talents that would especially
equip him for the Department of Agriculture
or the Treasury, and the pressurfe
for these appointments is likely to be so
great that the withdrawal of any man
from the lists, however remote his prospects,
may, at least, serve as a helpful
and hopeful example.
A certain trustfulness in the Washington
arrangements for inauguration
should be felt. A man who has been a
central figure in one Inauguration is
always willing to come to repeat.
A large number ot energetic and experienced
railway men feel that they
know exactly how an interstate commerce
commission ought to be run.
There are times when Mr. Taft appears
to enjoy the opportunity of making a
speech without fear of criticism at the
hands of campaign managers.
Harems are disappearing from Turkey,
but it is not stated whether this
is due to a moral awakening or the
housekeeping expenses.
In their impetuosity the London suf^4
? on MM I MM ftr S 4 Vt 4 4 k I MM
Duniriiiiirs mai uiru
hostilities are to be directed against
the males, not the mails.
- i in |
It may be assumed that arrangements
for keeping dynamite out of general circulation
have been pretty well attended
to by this time.
When it comes to New Year resolutions
a few extra sessions are perfectly allowable.
A Governor and a Pardon.
Former Gov. Patterson has withdrawn
from the senatorial race in Tennessee.
The old Cooper pardon rose up to plague
him, and no other course was left.
This is the second time that matter
has crossed the path of Gov. Patterson's
ambition- He was obliged several years
ago to retire from a gubernatorial race
on the same account, when but for it he
would probably have been re-elected, and
have retained his hold on his party's organisation.
But the haste with which he
had come, and the manner of his coming,
to the relief of Col. Cooper after the latter's
conviction in the case of former
8enator Carmack's death put him on tlv>
defensive before the people, and success
at the polls was impossible.
The pardons issued by a governor live
after him. If well considered they help
him. If 111 considered they plague him,
as this Cooper pardon plagues Gov. Patterson.
The loss of a governorship and a
senatorship is a heavy penalty to pay for
P
overruling the verdict of a Jury sustained
by a high court on appeal.
The case was unusual. Factional politics
and hitter personalities were blended.
Col. Cooper was thp warm personal friend
and political supporter of Gov. Patterson.
Mr. Carmack, an able and aggressive
man. had been the opponent of both. Col.
Cooper and Mr. Carmack had settled their
difficulty with pistols, and here was the
survivor threatened with stripes for his
part in the tragedy.
Under the pressure of friendship. Gov.
Patterson used his pardoning powpr. He
saved Col. Cooper from the penitentiary,
hut at the expense of his personal and
political popularity in many quarters. A \
strong sentiment in the state condemned
the governor's action, and apparently still
condemns it.
Gov. Patterson is one cf the brilliant
men of Tennessee?the most brilliant of
the number. Ills friends assert. He is a
lawyer and an orator of high-class, and
comes of distinguished stock. His father,
who represented the Memphis district in
tlie House during the second Cleveland i
administration, was one of the solid tncn j
of that body while he remained. The son
is comparatively young, and got an early
start in polities.
It may be. therefore, that, notwithstanding
these two defeats on the score of the
Cooper pardon. Gov. Patterson may yet
"come again." If his opponents are steadfast,
so also are his friends. And. as a
rule, time wears down enmity more than
it does friendship. If Gov. Patterson
sticks and his friends stick to him lie
may yet reach the goal he has just been
obliged to forego with the Cooper pardon
fresh and operating against him.
I
Aeroplane Laboratory.
Americans, the pioneers in aviation, ;
should not lag hehind the world's procession
in this art or science. The eclipse
of the I'nited States in this particular
sphere of activity is probably only temDorary.
It is not the practice of our
people to fall behind or at least to stay
behind in anything which promises practical
benefits. It was by Americans in
America that aviation was developed
from an apparently flimsy, hopeless theory
into a palpable fact. The avidity of
France and Germany, especially France,
in grasping the significance of the fact
and elaborating it by the development of
machines and operators is explicable on
the ground that those nations are alert
for ideas that may be turned into a poscihln
mi I if 51 rv aHvantacra ThPV U'PfP no
Ml *_* ? ????.?-? u va T ill >_. a ibv^ ?i ?- a *. ?? v>
quicker than our own observers to grasp
the potentiality of the aeroplane for reconnaissance
work, but they were quicker
in applying it on an extensive scale. A
new device holding: within it military possibilities
is more interesting and more
appealing to the European neighbors
than to us. There need for it is more
imminent.
But Americans are not naturally trailers,
and a stern chase is not always a
long one. Europe had iron fleets while
the United States was still sending
wooden warships around the world.
When we began the construction of a
new navy, the white squadron, the Chicago,
Boston, Atlanta and Dolphin, were
yachts compared with the ironclads of
England and France. American naval
construction has closed the gap in types,
if not in tonnage, and the United States
can build dreadnoughts and superdreadnoughts
and hyperdreadnoughts that are
as big and fast and heavily armed as
can be turned out In the yards and docks
of any other nation.
President's Taft's commission to report
to Congress on the desirability of an
aerodynamical laboratory is a progressive
step. It recognizes the need of such a
thing and proves that opinion favoring
it is crystallizing. Such laboratories are
conducted by European governments,
with Germany reported as leading.
There should be no difference of opinion,
and there probably will not be. that
Washington is the logical place for the
establishment of such a laboratory.
Washington is the birthplace of Ameri
can aviation, ana us environs have been
the great practice ground for government
flying. An aerodynamical laboratorywould
be but one more scientific activityadded
to a city remarkable for the number,
scope and influence of such activities.
A theory that Col. Goethals' appointment
should be delayed so as to give the
democrats the honor of making it implies
a degree of sentimentality on such subjects
not always to be expected of an incoming
administration.
Dike many other problems, that of
"What shall we do with our ex-Presidents?"
becomes easy enough when we
actually get to it.
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Unconfirmed.
"Were your suspicions confirmed?"
asked the man who is interested in investigation.
"No," replied the man whose mind is
on an appointment. "You know as well
as I do that Congress isn't confirming
anything these days."
Friendships are like New Year resolutions.
They are not broken, but merelyforgotten.
In the Confusion.
There is temptation now and then
To throw in the reverse,
And think we are progressing when
We go from had to worse.
If the new member of Congress who is
preparing a speech of ringing denunciation
will look through the files of the
Congressional Record he will find that
most of it has been said before.
i
The Alert Explainer.
"Did 1 understand you to say there
was 'some class' to that dancing?"
asked the father who disanoroves of
slang.
"Oh, no." replied the young man. "1
did not say "some class.' I said 'some
classic.' "
Suffragettes.
Oh. a suffragette will suffer
And you need not try to bluff iier
With remarks about her being out of
place.
The ballot she will better.
She will hand-paint every letter
Till it proves a work of rare artistic
grace.
It is true that some are dashing
Madly in for window smashing.
And we tremble at reports from far
away.
But the ladies bent on voting.
We are happy to be noting.
Manage matters better in the IT. S. A.
When they go about campaigning
They don't start in with complaining
That a man is nothing but "a horrid
brute."
It is such an easy matter
His intelligence to flatter
Till he thinks he's very wise and
something cute.
While they're mighty in convention,
They can ulso claim attention
By a smile and by a twinkle of the eye.
They don't make ferocious speeches.
They're not lemons. They are peaches.
And no doubt they'll all b? voting
by and by.
BREEDING BET
The true test of progress today seem?
to be the extent to which science and
system have been brought to bear upon
a subject. The man. be he of the
country or the city, who clings to customs
of a past generation, "because his
father used to do it that way." is being
left hopelessly behind in the march
of progress. A casual knowledge of "a |
subject is broadened into a life study
of the question, and things which used
to be left to Providence are today figured
exactly.
This applies to the land which today i
is scientifically tilled and fertilized, to !
the implements which are used, the j
seeds and plants which are grown, ami
now to the animals which help in the'
work of farming. The easy-going
farmer who makes h's leisurely way to
"Squash Center" to "swap" horses has
only himself to blame if he finds he has
been sadly cheated. And if his cow
does not come up lo the eloquent accounts
given by her preceding owner,
lie likewise can blame himself.
ajc
? ?
Science lias been applied to this phase
of the farm question by the animal !
husbandry- division j
Work at of the Department !
r? a -ii t- *>f Agriculture. A
Beltsville Farm. strikinK exarnp,e
of just what it is doing to improve
farm animals is shown in a series of
experiments being eairried 011 at one of
its experiment farms at Beltsville,
Md. This farm is situated in a portion
of Maryland where the ground Is more
or less level, hard and uncultivated.
The ground of the farm itself had 1
probably never been furrowed below a
few inches, officials of the division declare.
This was due to two things. Not
only is the ground unusuaily hard, but
the horses which the ordinary Maryland
farmers in that section were in
the habit of using were undersized and
not strong enough to plow more than
the mere crust of tlie earth. The experiments
being carried on include
breeding horses of size and strength
sufficient to plow the earth deep enough
to make profitable cultivation possible,
as experts in the division declare that
by properly plowing the ground results
equal to those already accomplished on
the farm itself can be obtained
throughout that portion of the state.
That is but one phase of the horse
breeding experiments. Mounting our
troops forms an even more important
part of the work.
"The mounting of troops in an army is
a most serious problem," said Mr.
rt -*r n 1 j ? . 0 ai_
creurge m. nommei, cniei 01 ine aivision,
who also has charge of the horse breeding
experiments. .Not only must provision
be made for a supply of horses
sufficient to equip the mounted service
for the ordinary routine work during,
peace, but horses multiply slowly, and
a reserve must be provided for use in
case of an outbreak of hostilities.
"In the solution of this problem the
European countries, with the exception
of England, have for more than a century
expended large sums of money in
the encouragement of horse breeding, by
maintaining breeding farms, by granting
subsidies to stallions, by prizes for
horses bred to suitable type, and by
grants to breeders' associations, prizes
for racing, etc. England has heretofore
been content to rely upon the resources
of her colonial possessions and the
I'nited States for such horses, but her
experience in the Boer war ten years
ago. when she was forced to drain North
America of a large proportion of the
horses suitable for military purposes,
has comnelled her to accede to the demands
of the army, and a grant of $200,000
has been made by the board of agriculture
to encourage the breeding of
military horses at home. That the
United States faces a similar condition
is a very widespread opinion.
"Next to Russia, the United States
leads the world in the number qf horses
it possesses. These hrffses are the descendants
of animalsPt>rought from the
old world after the discovery of America
by Columbus, as there were no horses
on the American continent at that time.
Prior to the civil war the horses of the
United States were of the light type,
with but one prominent exception. Following
that war there began the rapid
importation of draft horses from Europe,
and this trade has flourished until the
present time."
*
* *
Today the requirements of the army,
for horses is about 2,000 a year. Take, i
however, the conditions
Army's Need that would prevail in
- -j. time of war and the
^ **0r?es. horses needed would
? 1 ? f ? r/i AltA n f n*Vt lt?h ulmi 11
numver a.iinuai. vt t? ?????, (
half would be needed by the cavalry,
about a quarter by the artillery, with the
remainder scattered through the other
branches of the service. Further Ideas
of what such a state of affairs might
mean to the pocketbook of Uncle Sam
can be obtained when it is understood
that, in New York, for Instance, in the
police department, although there are
but about seventy-five horses bought annually
nearly $400 is paid for each one.
The number of horses actually in the
army in time of pea<?e is about 20,000.
Horse-breeding experiments are being
carried on at several farms. The entire
work is under the charge of George M
Rommel, chief of the animal husbandry
division, who has a corps of assistants
stationed on the farms which carries i
on the actual work. The Morgan horse
farm, at Middlebury, Vt., is under \V. E.
Hammond, who likewise hat? charge of
the New England norse Dreeaing district.
The centra! liorse breeding district, at
Front Royal, Va.. is in charge of H. H.
Reese, while the investigations being carried
on in Colorado, at Fort Collins, are
in charge of John O. Williams. In addition
the special work of breeding army
remounts includes a corps of advisory
agents, authorities on thoroughbreds', saddle
horses, standard hreds and Morgans.
While the object of the animal husltandry
division is primarily that of
breeding animals which will raise the
present standnrd or bring hack into existence
types now almost exhausted, the i
sanitation and eating qualities of the
food which may be produced as a partial
result of its work are left, to other
branches of the bureau. In one instance,
however, it stepped aside from this
rule to carry on a campaign against fertile
etrgs. with the object of raising tne
standard of marketed eggs above their
present condition.
The egg industry of the I'nited States
COMMENT ON
rront the Htrmingnnm r<>?i.
Success seems to attend the parcel
post. Like a new broom it will sweep
clean for a time. Then the express people
expect their innings will return.
From tin- Birmingham Ledger.
The express companies will have a monopoly
of the delivery of whisky and
pistols as common carriers. These have
been called "devil g<;ods.''
Krnm the lMiluth Herald.
Isn't it queer that so many people express
their opinions about the parcel
post who never posted their opinions
about the express service?
From the Seranton Truth.
Of course, a lot of people will be grievously
disappointed if the parcel post does
not throw all the express companies into
bankruptcy.
From the Chicago Record-Herald.
The parcel post has come to stay; let
us make it as good as it can be made
and use it for its full value.
From t lif Richmond Times-Dispatch.
It has taken all the years since John
Wanamaker proposed the parcel post
system for an Irresistible public pressure i
to make an opening.
From the I'tlcs Observer.
By the time one has mailed a package
or two by parcel post, It will be dlscovr
'TER ANIMALS.
| represents a three-hundred-milli n-dollar
enterpris?e annually. Of that amount it
has been estimated that IS per cent is
lost, or $4."?,00!>,inh>. Following an investigation
by the animal husbandry division
It was found that that loss was due to
about three causes, the most important
of which was blood rings, a cause which
can be absolutely prevented on the farm.
Within the past few months the division
prepared a poster with eleven illustrations
and much bold type which is
designed for- use by farmers generally
and is intended to show without unnecessary
words the pith of the subject.
It is? merely a question of the advantages
of infertile eggs over fertile ones. A
blood ring is a certain stage of the chick
development in the egg, which is developed
by heat, and which often results
front an egg merely being left in a room
during ordinary summer weather.
As a result of the investigation, it
was shown that infertile eggs cannot
have blood rings, and that to secure
infertile eggs only necessitates removing
the roosters from the tlock. which
does not affect the egg production
whatever.
Tim i lliictro * intics oni-nmnonfintr thiu
-? "V. I I V? tn. i n> HV?llt5 WW Will} "CI ? .? Hit) lll*W
poster show first an absolutely fresh
egg, and one which it is impossible to
tell whether it is fertile or infertile.
Then follows a series of comparative
pictures, showing the results which
were obtained by placing a fertile and
an infertile egg in an incubator. After
twenty-four hours there was a noticeable
spot on the fertile egg, which increased.
until at the end of seven days
in the incubator the development of the
chick was well under way. The picture
of the infertile egg was the same at
each of the stages shown, and it was
claimed that, except for tasting stale, i
the infertile egg. which had been in the I
incubator for seven days, was tit for
consumption. Accompanying these post- i
ers is a request that thcv be hung
in a prominent place, as the results :
contained in the placard are the "results
of an extended investigation into
the subject, and are designed to over-1
come the enormous loss occasioned an- ;
nually by the production of the fertile
egg." These posters are fifteen by j
twenty inches, and are designed for t
use in public stores and such places, j
In order, however, that the territory j
might be thoroughly covered, a smaller j
placard was also printed, which is in- I
tended to serve as a handy reminder
to farmers, to be posted in the henhouse,
kitchen or other conspicuous
place.
*
? * *
In speaking of the work of breeding
animals, Mr. Rommel said:
"In the advance
Progress of that is being
.. ... made in the
Animal Breedmr seience of animal
breeding it is very important that care- j
ful study should he given to under
lying principles. For scientific study j
with animals, the smaller animals, like
guinea pigs, rabbits, mice, rats, etc.,
are generally used for the work, and
the division has a large stock, especially
of guinea pigs, of which there are
about 3,000 raised annually for use in
the laboratories. Observations are made
on these animals, and the results ob
talned are applied to the larger animals
under farm conditions."
One of the most important problems
confronting stockbreeders of the United
States at present is the development of
a breed of sheep suitable to range condition.
In spite of the great development
and prosperity of the sheep industry
of the west, breeding methods
are not systematic, and most breeders
are continually crossing, the result being
a lack of uniformity in the stock,
and. to a certain extent, a failure to
attain as high a standard as would
otherwise be possible. The requirements
of the range are a breed of sheep that
will yiel<} a profitable clip of wool,
produce good mutton lambs and stand
flocking in large numbers. Experiments
being carried on by the division
in Wyoming include not only each of
those three points of advantage, but
an effort is being made to secure them
in one breed. In addition to the work
being carried on there, another flock ia
maintained at the Morgan horse farm, in
Vermont, of Southdowns, and still another
at the farm at Beltsville. Md., where
experiments are being carried on in crossing
several breeds.
Another line of work being carried on
by the division is in connection with the
feeding of beef cattle in Alabama.
"The importance of this work." said
Mr. Rommel, "touches not only Alabama
and other parts of the south, but the
entire country as well.
*
* *
"The United States faces a beef cattle
shortage. The cattle ranges of the west
are every year being
Southern Lands diminished in area by
f f 4-+1 settlement. In the
south, east of the Mississippi
river, are enormous areas of practically
idle land, suitable for pasture,
where beef cattle can be raised and fattened."
Other lines of work being carried on
by the division include experiments in
hog breeding, poultry investigations, with
the object of securing a breed of hens
which will lay more eggs, and work in
connection with animal nutrition. Since
January 1, 1911, the division has had
charge of the work of passing on the
sufficiency of the pedigree certificates of
animals imported for breeding purposes.
From the beginning of the work until
June .10, 1912, certificates of pure breeding
were issued for 3,130 horses. 2,024 cattle,
1,140 sheep and 03 hogs.
The animal husbandry work of the bureau
of animal industry began in July,
19ol, with the appointment of the present
animal husbandman as expert in charge.
/I ntiou n f t U.i for ttrn t'oorc
A Flight of Fancy.
Ten little flies
All in a line:
One not a swat!
Then there were
Nine little flies
Grimly sedate.
Licking their chopsSwat!
There were
Eight little flies
Raising some moreSwat!
Swat! Swat! Swat!
Then there were i
Four little flies
Colored green-blue:
Swat! (Ain't it easy!)
Then there were *
Two little flies
Dodged the civilianEarly,
next day I
There were a million?Roller
Monthly.
*
A
x lie: uuiico ui in*- uiiiu-v; *.*?* i ?? w j cut o
were principally the compilation of information
pertaining to animal husbandry,
attendance at stock shows and breeders*
meetings and answering correspondence.
The first independent investigation in animal
husbandry began four years later,
in July, 1IKI5, when experiments in the
study of the effect of cottonseed and
cottonseed meal when fed to hogs were
i taken up, which were followed by poultry
investigations and breeding with small
animals in ltKXl. In the congressional appropriations
for the fiscal year ending
June do, l'.tOo, $U"V,'KiO was appropriated
for experiments in animal breeding and
feeding. Since then the appropriations
have grown as the scope of the work
has broadened, and the appropriation for
the fiscal year ending June do, 10Id, was
approximately $150,000.
PARCEL POST.
ered that the process is not very much
more complicated than that of mailing a
letter.
From the Bridgeport Post.
Parcel post is a bitter pill for the express
companies to swallow.
From the Boston Herald.
It has also been demonstrated that the
parcel post packages can be delivered in
record-breaking time.
Front the Jersey City Journal.
Since the service began, nine days ago.
no less than .'110,785 parcel post packages
have been handled in the New York post
offices alone. From all parts of the country
comes the same story. The popularit?
and success of the new system are
already established.
From the I.ynohburg News.
No pistols, revolvers or otiter dangerous
weapons should be allowed to pass
irom ime puny 10 anuiner inrougu me
helpful agency of Uncle Sam's parcel
post.
Knmi the I/eavenwortli Times.
They say It Is wrong to say "parcels"
post. It should be parcel post. Maybe
they are right.
From tlie Milwaukee Journal.
It's a safe bet that none of the good
news reading regarding the parcel post
Is being overlooked by the express magnates.
FIFTY YEARS AGO
IN THE STAR
Naturally there was great interest
throughout the north in the fate of the
Monitor, the first federal
Monitor's ironclafl. which had rendered
T ? such vitally important service
at Hampton roads The
Star's announcement of the foundering of
the vessel off Hatteras, printed In the Issue
of January 3. lStl3, was followed In
the issue of Monday, January 5. 1863, by
a full report from Commander Bankhead,
written on board the U. S. S. Rhode Island
under date of January 1, the Rhode
Island having heen the steamer In tow of
which the Monitor left Hampton roads on
the 2lMh of December. Commander Bankhead
tells of the gradual increase of the
sea swells after passing Cape Henry in
smooth waters. I'nder the Influence of
the heavy wash over the base of the turret
it was found that the packing of
oakum had loosened somewhat from the
working of the tower. The pumps, however.
were able to keep the vessel clear of
the water that penetrated through the
sight hales of the pilot house and the
brace of the tower. During the next
morning, however, the wind Increased in
strength and the sea rose, causing the
vessel to plunge heavily and the tower to
V(oson more and more. Although the
heaviest pumps were put in service, they
were unable to gain on the water and at
10:30 o'clock at night a distress signal
was sent to the Rhode Island, from which
two boats were dispatched. In the heavy
sea the transshipment of the crew of the
Monitor was extremely difficult and the
Rhode Island herself was in grave danger
of destruction. Finally it was determined
to continue, tnit the water put out all the
fires and left no steam pressure. The anchor
was dropped and the Monitor swung
fo the wind, hut she was filling rapidly
and the deck was on a level with the sea
when the commander ordered the crew to
abandon ship. It was in these operations
that several were lost. In all, four officers
and twelve men lost their lives. The
Monitor sank soon after she was abandoned.
*
In The Star of January 5. 1865. is the
following news item relative to the affairs
of the WashingtonStreet
Car Georgetown Railway ComTrnnsfpr?
pany' wh,ch were just
then of great interest to
the local public:
"Tomorrow the company will put in
force a new regulation respecting trans
fers, by which the office of transfer
agents will be abolished. The conductors
will hereafter issue them to passengers at
the points where the transfers are made,
and by punching the tickets prevent fraud
on the company by their being used twice.
New rules in relation to the carrying of
bundles, etc., have been adopted. The
company are now engaged in removing
the track on New Jersey avenue to the
center of the street, in accordance with
the late decision of Judge Merrick, and in
a short time will have their cars running
to that point, as usual. Last week the
employes of the company were treated to
a handsome supper, served at the instance
of the directors, those of the Georgetown
and 14th street lines dining in Georgetown
and of the navy yard and steamboat
lines at Sanderson's Navy Yard."
* *
On the 7th of January, lSfi?.. a steamboat
laden with women and children left
Washington for southern
Women Sent points under permits is.
? ,, sued by the Secretary of
to aoutn. War The newg of thls ia
told in an article printed in the issue of
that day. There were some 450 persons
on board the steamer New York, 0U0
having been granted permission in all.
The baggage had been carefully inspected
before admission to the boat, to prevent
the possibility of adding to the food and
drug supplies of the Confederate capital.
From many of the trunks contraband
articles were taken by the inspectors. In
some of them were drugs, shoes, dry
goods and other things greatly needed
at Richmond. From one trunk was taken
a sufficient quantity of dry goods to
stock a country store. In some of the
trunks were as many as twenty-five pairs
of shoes, but no passenger was allowed
to take more than three pairs. One lady,
when asked why she needed so many, replied
that she generally wore out two
pairs a month. Many letters were tendered
to the pasengers on the New York
by persons who wanted to communicate
with friends in Richmond, but this could
not be permitted. No soldiers accompanied
the boat, but Col. Baker and a number
of his detectives went along to keep
watch.
*
* *
In The Star of January 8, 1863, Is the
account of an unusual accident at the
corner of 3d and N streets
Warehouse southeast, where a threen.ii...,.
story grain warehouse
Collapses. stood on the bank of the
canal. While a gang of a dozen or more
colored men were engaged under the direction
of Capt. Joseph M. Simms in
storing grain, the chimney was heard to
crack, and the men immediately ran out,
but the chimney seemed to settle back in
its place and they returned and renewed
their work. Shortly afterward the walls
began to crack and fall out in all directions,
and the floors, carrying about 110,000
bushels of grain, collapsed, ("apt. Simms
was covered with grain and debris and instantly
killed. His body was recovered
some time afterward through the efforts
of citizens, and particularly members of
the American Hook and Ladder Company.
So other deaths occurred, but several
of the workers were badly hurt. The
house was an old one. having been built
more than fifty years before. It nad
been used for various purposes, having
once been a warehouse, but for some
years prior to the accident had been used
as a dwelling, Capt. Simms living next
door.
*
* *
Among the petty swindlers who flocked
to Washington to victimize the soldiers
and others during war
Watch times were peddlers who
, dealt in fake jewelry. In
S* The Star of January 9,
1stVI, is this paragraph:
"Quite a numerous gang of swindling
peddlers are now and have been for some
weeks loitering about the District victimizing
the public generally and the soldiers
particularly. These operators are not
licensed by the corporation, but sell when
and where they please. A few days ago
a gang of watch dealers were going about
selling their wares, and a number of soldiers
and citizens were supplied with tin
timepieces at what they regarded as very
moderate prices, supposing them to be
silver." The police went after these swindlers,
but they were on the alert and
slipped away, and have not since returned."
THE POWERS AN!
If the London dispatches announcing
that "the powers are moving to save
Europe from a renewal of the Balkan
war" are confirmed there Is fear that
Europe Is still nursing the "fetiche" of
the necessity of the maintenance of the
Turk In Europe- for the peace of Europe.
We have remarked with some suspicion ^
the trend of I?ndon's dispatches and the*ic
press, which were In accord with the Idea r
that suggested the ambassadors' confer- '
ence as a sort of side show of the conference
of the comhatants
w
* * 1
Why Europe should dread the renewal
of the Balkan war, when Europe Is 1
agreed upon the
Europe Dreads principle of reeogTTT0
u1 nizing the right of ?
War s Renewal. tj)e victorious ai- t
lioa tn the territorv acouired. is not HP- '
parent. The boast by Rechad Pasha that i
he had confidence in his reconstructed f
army in the defenses of Tchatalja has j f
little weight with military critics in Eu- ,
rope as well as In Turkey. The chances i
are that the fall of Adrlanople by sheer '
starvation may not require a further re- !
course to arms unless to save the Turk .
from himself, for revolution and the de- ]
struction of Constantinople have been <
threatened. j
The Balkan allies would renew the war ,
and complete their undertaking for the
good of Europe, for the good of themselves
and for Christianity, undertaking
which is nothing less than the complete
removal of the Turk from Europe. But
for the intervention of one or more of
the powers the vanquished Turks would
not have halted at Tchatalja. but would
have continued their disordered flight to
Asia across the Bosphorus to Scutari.
He wanted to go there, indeed, for be
must be weary of the role lie has been
made to play as a buffer in guarding the
Dardanelles for the peace of Europe.
The conference at the Palace of St.
James in Eondon waa closed on the dth
instant when Rechad Pasha reiterated
his refusal to surrender Adrlanople. The
allied delegates voted unanimously to adjourn
the meeting sine die. but Rechad,
it was remarked, was surprised and loath '
to go, and would have had another word
before his going. The allies, with a per- 1
feet knowledge of the situation, hastened
to accept Rechad's refusal and dispersed.
The Balkan envoys, it should be added,
were further strengthened in their resolu- 1
tion to stand for the cession of Adrlanople
by the information, subsequently
published in the Daily Telegraph of Eondon,
that Bulgaria and Roumania had
reached an agreement whereby all danger
of war between, these two had been
averted. Bulgaria, it was said, would
cede to Roumania as a reward for neutrality
a strip of land north of a line
running from Olenltz on the Danube to
Cape Gulgral to include Sllistria, Roumania
to be indemnified also for certain
expenses caused by the war.
The chairman presiding at the conference
on the tith instant was Stojan
Novakovitch, the chler of tne Servian
envoys, a man of exceptional talent and
of great firmness. M. Venlrelos. the
premier of Greece, on retiring, said to
Rechad Pasha that if he had anyth ng to
communicate of sufficient importance to
justify a reopening the allies would
readily assent, but nothing less than the
full compliance with their previous demands
would meet the case. The suspension
adjourns the conference sine die,
thus enabling a resumption if there are
adequate grounds. The armistice would
remain in operation and could not be
rightfully broken.
*
* *
In the interval when Adrianople falls,
as it appears imminent even now. trouble
Is In store for the Turks.
More Trouble a"d automatically, if we
fnr TnrVs are to belleve the re*
u iuian. ports from Constantinople,
which represent a spirit of anarchy that
promises evil.
It was thus the reign of the Turk commenced
in 145^ It is meet that it should
be thus at the end.
M. Gabriel Hanotaux, former French
minister of foreign affairs, in a recent
artiqle in La Revue Hebdomadaire, ex- j
presses the belief that Europe has lost |
a chance to settle permanently the eastern
question by concentrating its efforts
upon avoiding a European war rather
than sett'.e definitely this question of the
Turk. The former minister holds that
Europe is about to make another blunder
in creating something like the Berlin
congress. In the ambassadors' congress
he sees the shadow of Bismarck, who, if i
living, might behold how foolish were !
his efforts.
M. Hanotaux denounces the attempted !
resuscitation of the Turk as nothing less
than a crime. He claims that there Is
no accord in French and British foroiom
nnili<ir a nH that thero is lack of
I VIBII |?Wt.vV ? ? -
harmony between the allies.
There is some truth in the assertion as
to the relations between England and
France due to the fact that the former
has shown some disposition to flirt with
the Turk, a former love affair in which !
England showed a decided weakness for j
Turkey. M. Hanotaux might have men- J
tioned the party in Berlin who is also
interested in Turkey, but he does not do
so. As for the lack of harmony between
the allies, we have proof that although
there was some friction it was only tern- |
porary and was dispelled promptly by an j
agreement to sett'e all difficulties by a
conference en famille.
M. Hanotaux charges that "France has
failed to support the Russo-Italian situation
in the Balkans." What that situation
is is not at all clear and M. Hanotaux
does not explain. As for the atti- I
tude of France and England in the Balkan I
affair, it proves that an entente is not al- !
liance any more than flirtation is a marriage.
M. Hanotaux in this sort of argumentation
Intimates that if he were minister
he had managed the affair much better. '
Could he have done so?
M Hanotaux states that the Balkan
armies were masters of the situation up
to the Tchatalia lines when a new '?tor
entered to hold up*the allies?"a foreign
prohibition." Who else but Germanv
could have the audacity of such a holdup?
Would M. Hanotaux. under the circumstances.
have undertaken to act other
than M. Poincare, who, undismayed, continued
his work to the admiration of the
diplomatic world, and finally committed
the powers, first, to disavowal of the
principle of the status quo. and then ,
caused them to subscribe collectively to
the principle which recognized the rights
of the allies to the conquered territory, j
If a permanent settlement of the east
em question has resulted from this ac- |
tion It may be that it avoided a Kuropean
war. But it is by no means certain that I
a permanent settlement of the eastern '
question has resulted. That can only be 1
determined when the conference at I^on- 1
don shall have finally closed its doors, 1
and the allied armies have resumed op- j
erations against Constantinople. >
No need to follow M. Hanotaux into such
deep water when he charges that "France | ?
failed to take advantage of the situation !
by giving her full support to the Russo- i
Italian sympathy." <
No one except M. Hanotaux. perhaps. <
rightly appreciates or comprehends ine <
measure of "Kusso-Italian sympathy." <
We know that there was a great deal of i
press notice of the meeting1 at Racconigl '
BULGAR TURK
From the New Orleans Tiin^a-Dcmaerat. j
Turkey and the Balkan allies might >
compromise their dispute over Adrlanoplc (
by arranging for an equal division of the
city offices and the paving contracts. j
Ki*nn the Birmingham I/edger. 1
The peace conference early in the game (j,
resolved ltseir mio an inicniMiviui uai
estate grabbag. ,
from the Fhilirh Herald. t
Turkey seems to feel that it is the other I
side of the barnyard that is trying to do r
the gobbling these days.
Trom the Syracuse Herald. t
What a tremendous amount of self-rc- <5
straint the kaiser must be exercising at a
present to keep from saying a few words
out loud about the Balkan situation!
l-'roin the McmphiM Nervs Kcimetar. d
The isles of Greece should he given g
back to the fatherland. ..
from the Toronto Mall and Ktnpirr.
It is the Turksf move in the peace con- t
troversy, and if the move is to be of the a
\
) THEBALKANS
>f the Czar of Russa and the Klnsr of
Italv. that the King of MontJ-ncRm, a
>allant member <>f the Balkan allies,
a the father-in-law of Victor Ktnnanurl.
and otherwise allied by mat iage
to the Czar of Kintsla Italy
executed with Turkey the treaty of
tuchy October and Italy, which
ras assumed to be on the rile of the
tin*;a father-in-law and with Russht lw?
ause of the meeting at Racconigi. tr?i
wither with the father-in-law nor with
tuswia, but with the triplice!
w
*
There ia some mystery even to the d!poniat
by profession onoerning Italy's
singular policy.
Ilyatery in It?;>, besides, had a
Italv's Policv tradlt1on ,D ,Ue HaJ*
iiaiy s roncy. k!in}, .Milssini in isrt
trged the formation of a Balkanic con
'eueration wnose caimai siioum uc ? ??stantinople.
t'rispi, lit a letter publHiH
n April. 1?98. wrote: "Tl? Italian
lonal party would like to we fdrnvd a
Italkanic confederation with Oonstantllople
for capita!. Mussulnien could tind
dace in it if they woufd live as brothers
ttid not as masters. Hut the oaar should '
etnaln within his present limits and the
sultan should pass over Into Asia."
December lit there was what was called
t duo in the Italian chamber between
Deputy Harzilai and the minister of foreign
affairs. Signer de San (iiullano. The
republican deputy interpellated the minister
of foreign affairs on the renewal of
the triplioe. which may he cited with interest
because of its connection with the
Balkanic question
Signor Harzilai renewed his often-repeated
question: What good does the
triplice do for Italy? Nothing for her
Mediterranean interests, because these are '
protected hy special agreements with
Slediterranean powers, and which, on the
contrary, are not comprised in the treaty
of the triple alliance; they do not serve
any more the Balkanic Interests, for now.
after the victories of tin* Balkanic states
over Turkey, the fear of a descent hy
Austria in the Balkanic peninsula is dispelled.
There is necessity; certainly, for
Italy to protect the intangibility of Albania
above ail if Albania becomes autonomous
and is not incorporated into
one of the Balkanic states, but that interest
is limited for Italy, who may protect
it by a special agreement with Austria
as Italy has made with France and
England for I.vhia. In fact, according to
Signor Harzilai the triplice lias lost all
its effect and it imposes upon Italy more
obligations than It gives advantages. It
was not necessary to icnew it. and it was
an error to renew Just at the moment
when Austria seeks to draw from it a
greater force to menace Servia, from
whom Austria would take the fruit of her
victories.
It was also an error to renew the
triplice treaty without modifications.
Italy should have exacted more guarantees
for her Interests, less obligations ami
in any case better treatment of Italian
nationals in the Austro-Iiungarlan empire.
*
* *
M. Barzilai provoked the plaudits of
the entire chamber when he raid that
during the war in I.rbia
Italy's War Germany and A nutria took
t_l- mighty good care not to
in ytia. ar^ as {^.onds to Italy.
"Without dout)t," exclaimed tlie orator,
"there were French ministers who uttered
words far beyond the importance of
the incident of two ships in litigation,
but there were also allied ministers who
imposed ujon Italy a limitation to the
war in the Tripolitan, obliged Italy to
attack Turkey with velvet gloves and
thus prolonged the struggle during a year,
rendering it more costly and bloody ant
provoking finally that Balkan crisis which
they maintained they wished to avoid.
Italy happily can boast that she received
no aid from any one and thus owes no
debt of gratitude to any one."
Signor Barzilai launched many rocks at
Austria and recalled that <Ien. Conrad
de Hoetzendorf. Italy's enemy, ha.l been
recalled to the command of the Austrian
staff the morning after the renewal of
the triple alliance treaty.
Signor Barzilai expressed himself as to
Albania: "It is just that Italy should assure
the neutrality on this question, provided
that that neutrality does not sign5
f t? B ? n !*.? ?.1 c * km ?d * I- ? * ? ? i * - - ? ?
tin.? me auaiiuuiuuciii ui i imi rfRl'JU
Austrian influences. It may be admitted
that Italian and Austrian Interests converge
in Albania, but they are completely
opposed in the question cf the
Servian port on the Adriatic, which
would he very hurtful to Austria, but. on
the contrary, most beneficial to Italy."
The orator strongly recommended to the
government to watch carefully that in
the triplice Italy was not made to t?crv>*
other interests than her own. It should
be borne In mind that Austria had expelled
last year a thousand Italian citizens.
and excluded Italian workmen from
Austrian industries Italian public opinion
would not consent that the result of a
long alliance was no more advantageous
than that of a policy of isolation. To
those who may ask for such sacrifices
he would reply in the words of Bismarck:
"No people should sacrifice the cause of
its proper existence on the altar of fidelity
to a treaty."
We find the orator unfortunate in this
citation from Bismarck?never overscrupulous
in his methods. In this case there
is rank adhesion to the principles practiced
by the notorious Florentine Machiavelli,
which detracts much from tlie force
of the orator s interpellation.
Signor Marquis di San Oiullano replied at
length, reciting Italy's progress during the
thirty years of the existence of the triplice;
what the triplice could do for each of its
members in t tie Balkanicquestion uuon eon
dition that each ally was convinced that he
might command the support of the other
as compensation of what the ally hsd
lone for the other. Tiie savant orator
touched upon the Albanian question. the
friendship of Russia, France and England,
and concluding, declared the triplice
to be the pivot of Italian policy.
v
* *
Tito Italian chamber, which applauded
vigorously the speech of Signor BarzIIal,
also applauded
Russia's Attitude that Of the mtnisToward
Balkans fx~_
ruses us from comment on tliat head.
A brief allusion to Russia's attitude
toward the Balkans is found lti the declarations
of M. Kokovtzof, president of the.
Russian council of ministers, before the
fourth duma
Touching the question of the Balkans,
the minister said that Russia, as a great
Slav orthodox power, was not indifferent
that these peoples should obtain conditions
of existence commensurate with
their rare warlike virtues and their exploits.
Their pa- itic development would
*void in the future the eventuality of new
complications. Russia, faithful to her
tllies and agreements, and sure of her
friends and allies, looked with friendly
interest upon the groupings of the powers.
Russia greeted cordially and sincerely
the initiative of the British government
in the reunion of tile atnhassalors
at London, expressing the hope that
t would facilitate a pacific solution of the
ictual crisis. CH. CHAILLE IA t N I.
PEACE MEET.
>ame nature as the Turks' move in the
,var it will be hurried and to the rear.
'rem tin* Council Hltiffs V npareil.
Turkey is the undisputed champion
duffing, vacillating and procrastinating
leavyweight of the world.
'mill the I Ilea Press.
Signs point rather strongly to the inention
of the large European powers to
ix the tina! terms of peace between the
Balkan states and Turkey.
r?>m the Lhilutb Xoo Tritnsue.
The Balkan allies believe in the right of
he initiative, they stall on the referenlum
and veto the recall of the Turks to
iny territory they have lost.
n>m the Sioax City Tribune.
The Sultan of Turkey no doult^ incises
the sentiments of the late Gen.
Iherinan regarding war.
rum the Coluuiliuc Juaraal.
The chief duty of the Turkish plenipoentiaries
seems to be to attempt to make
concession sound like a demand.
I