Evening star. [volume], July 18, 1915, Page 7, Image 7

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
TO FIT INDIVIDUAL
i FORUFEMISSION
Edward T. Devine Writes o<
, the "Duties" of Pubis
j, lie Education.
PASSING OF TREASURES
TO EACH GENERATION
1
Says if Social Structure Is to Be
Sound Childhood "Must
Have Its Chance."
Social duties of education fitting th
individual for his.mission, to pass along
the accumulated heritage of ages enhanced
by the developments of the
present as a sacred trust for the future.
are discussed by Edward T. Devine.
writing exclusively for the Survey
Press Service.
Dr. Devine is a professor of social
economy. The Survey is an association
whose purpose is to investigate
the facts of living and working conditions
and to suggest means of social
advance.
Dr. Devine's article is as follows:
"Education may be taken as a very
broad term for the entire conscious
process of passing on from one generation
to another the accumulated
treasures, the acquired capacities, of
the race. So conceived, it touches
every age, but childhood is its special
province?the period marked by nature
as peculiarly adapted to this process.
"If, unlike the beasts that perish,
, man has a social heritage, handed on
from one generation to another, so that
we are not dependent upon our biological
inheritance alone, it is to childhood
that this debt is paid, by the children
that the new credit is acquired in
. ^ trust for the years ahead, in which they
V are to be the living link between the
past with its achievements and the future
with its possibilities.
Childhood Must Have Chance.
"If therefore the social structure is
to be sound and suitable, childhood
must have its chance, must have time
to perform its function, must not be
cheated of its debt, expected to yield a
harvest of figs from a sowing of
thistles.
"If we analyze this social task of education
from our present point of view,
one part of it undoubtedly consists in
the mere preservation of actual information.
We need not concern ourselves
very much about that. The
printing press has solved it.
"True, there is information which car
be preserved and imparted only ir
other ways?for example, through art
Paintings, sculpture, architecture, mu
sic, all tell their own story in a waj
that descriptions of them, even critica
studies of them, do not. The hant
which can conceive and execute work!
Of art, and the eye which can see ant
appreciate them, are essential to th<
preservation of our social heritage
Actual and valuable information perishes
from the world if. as an inciden
of warfare, works of art are destroyed
or if, through the failure of education
we cease to know their value. Arts o:
kill might disappear in the same way
But, speaking largely, the next genera
I~~ i
409 to 41
Summer
I '
{ Open a '
?f Select what articles i
5 count" and arrange for
S added at any time. You
' a more so when you see ou
tion is not in. serious danger of a dearth
of information.
"A second task of education in a policy
of social construction is to teach
the use of the mind and body. It is of
little avail to have a body unless one
knows how to use it." Most of us misuse
and fail to use our eyes, our ears,
our hands, our back, our tongues and
teeth, our lungs and diaphragms, our
legs, our skin.
Once Traveled on All Fours.
f "For a million years or so, no doubt,
we traveled on all fours, as babies still
do, and now nature fails us sometimes
when we try to stand upright. For a
million years or so salvation on earth
depended on ability to distinguish
friend from foe at a great distance.
Now, when the objects of our interest
and solicitude are nearly always at
eighteen inches from the eye instead of
I a mile, we find ourselves handicapped
' by an optical instrument fitted for the
distant but not for the near vision. We
subject ourselves to eye-strain, and
? - 1 nnA ill
nave neaaaenes, curveu
! temper in consequence.
"No other mechanism in the world,
we are often assured, is so continuously
and flagrantly abused?from ignorance,
from obstinacy, from carelessness,
from parasite enemies, from indulgence
of its own eccentricities?as the
, human body. Education for efficiency
implies instruction as to these elementary
things?not anatomy and
physiology, though those are useful;
but cleanliness, respect for bodily functions,
co-ordination of muscles, repose
of nerves. Hygiene in all its branches
is the first elefnent in social education.
"But the mind also is useless save as
we have learned how to use it. To impart
information is no more to give the
mastery of the mind than to impart
food is to give the mastery of the
body.- Certain drills are necessary to
make the mind rapid and accurate.
Certain processes are necessary to develop
observation and the critical faculty.
Other exercises are useful in cultivating
the memory and the imagination.
Choosing Things Worth While.
"But, above all, in a policy of social
construction the educational system
must be successful in planting, watering
and securing increase in the power
of forming economic judgments, in the
power of estimating values as higher
and lower, of comparing rightly future
pleasures with those of the present,
tne permanent with the fleeting,
the spiritual with the material. Right
reasoning about what can be attained
by a given effort, and whht the satisj
faction thus attained is really worth,
I as^ compared with other possible re
ouiia ii win me a.imi; ciiui i?iriia, i iaae
it, is a prime function of social educat:on.
"One other obvious end of education
, may be named along: with the imparting
of information and the development
of capacity to use the mind and
: the body. That is the forming of good
physical, mental and moral habits. The
economic reasoning just now referred
to is a conscious and sometimes a slow
and painful process. But after a while,
if the processes of our reasoning are
sound, a particular judgment has
been formed so clearly or so often, or
is so buttressed by authority, that it
is accepted as a moral judgment. It
obtains an ethical sanction. The conscious-reasoning
process is no longer
necessary. Time is saved. Effort is
1 saved. Wear and tear of tissue and
1 j vital energy are saved.
"No doubt, honesty was once the best
policy. There may be borderlands
' where it is so still. But for us and
1 our children honesty has ceased to be
1 a policy. It is an instinct, a habit of
' mind, an economic judgment so often
1 made, so clearly established, so author
itatively attested, that it offends rather
than helps us to allude to its material
advantages,
t
Results of Continued Inquiry.
fj "The farther we can go in this di.I
rection of economizing the reasoning
-i process, the more instinctive and im7
Seventh St N. W. Fbo
Sale of Ski
Sw?) Monda
big Jots o)|
-ZZ dr special vai
> mussed, b
k condition.
and sure t
vf-ijk- "r \ hand earl
Wt'l lection.
\.'Lj $1-00 La
l| White I
\ \ [' batiste and
, 1 ery trimme
l\ short sleeve
Tailored!
A kj/thlir it \ Waists i
>-J?l * n? H Jai> s'1h ana
/\ llfTr W >'\ ancJ back,
WViltl* f ' J* i horizontal ti
\ \wTji\^ ft 1 to match fri
Closing (
WhitC
l^v va
?j V . W?. L
'n w^l'te< C
/jt/ effects; lac
' med; low t
\ trimmed.
Charge Account
fou like, have them "charged
payments to suit your convent
11 find our "Charge Accounts"
ir low prices.
I mediate right courses of conduct can
J become, the more we shall be able to
extend our field of operations, the more
complete will be our conquest of
, nature, and the more productive will
be the actual expenditure of energy
in satisfying the higher and more complex
wants.
"This restatement of th i elementary
aims of education may seem to specialists
in the? theory of education so
obvious as to be trite, or so incomplete
as to be fantastic. The school system to
i tne social economist is an mow u?.v.w
like any other of social construction,
i Education conceived as the means of
carrying civilization forward, as the
conscious link between the generations
of workers and users of wealth, must
do at least these things: Pass on the
information: make the mind and body
fit instruments of satisfying the wants
of mind; encourage those habits and
instincts which economize power and
promote the social welfare.
"Put in terms of social problems, the
school must aid in preventing poverty
by making men more efficient; in preventing
disease by making men strong
and well; in preventing crime by making
men law-abiding in spirit and Instinctively
aware of the rights of
others: in preventing violence by inoculating
against self-righteousness
and brutality."
DIXIE DAY AT BIG FAIR.
Clarence T. Owen and John Temple
Graves to Speak.
Clarence J. Owen, managing director
of the Southern Commercial Congress,
is to deliver the opening address and
preside at "Dixie day" during "South's
week" at the Panama-Pacific exposition
during the week August 9-14. John
Temple Graves is to be the orator.
This week's celebration is under the
direction of the Southern Commercial
Congress in co-operation with the Southern
Commercial Secretaries' Association
and the Sons of Confederate Veterans.
It is expected that 100,000 southerners
will be in attendance.
The "Dixie day" festivities, which are
to open the week's celebration, are in
charge of the southern states societies
of California.
Total On* Exnlosion in Mine.
PITTSBURGH, Kan., July 17.?One
miner was killed and another badly injured
in a gas explosion in mine No. 7
of the Sheridan Coal Company, near Mulberry,
this afternoon. The plant had been
idle several days because of water in the
workings.
Think of It!
A Good Upright
PIANO
Only $60
Used, But in
Perfect Condition.
Just the Instrument
for the Beginner.
Terms Arranged to Suit.
13th and G Sts. N.W.
Hauling and Tuning
Pianos Rented
neM.2826 p
IT 7
irt W aists I
y we {wt on sale two |j
Shirt Waists at very jp
^ues. Some are slightly 1
ut most are in perfect m
Very unusual values f|
So sell quickly. Be on p
y to make a good se- ra
H
|
dies' Shirt Waists, |j
29c I
lingerie Waists, in voiles, j|
crefies, lace and embroid- ^
*d; low neck, long and ^
S. |
I Shirt Waists Sold |
Jp to $1.50, |
59c 1
n white and fancy stripes, p
! voiles, embroidered front g
trimmed with cluster of |
iicks; % sleeves, trimmed jig
int. ?
3ut Entire Stock of $
T a I ^
it i/rcascs, i
ues Up to $12, 1
>2.95 I
ingerie Dresses, 16 to 42, ?
an and black and white g
.e and embroidery trim |j
ieck and % sleeves, lace s
With Us {
on an often "Charge Ac- 1
ence. Purchases can be P
a great convenience, the P
IT
TRAVELETTE
BY N1KSAH.
Farthest Siberia.
A barren plateau, shroucted in icy mist!
so that none but the gulls have seen it!
summit, and all about it a so'a of broker
ice. gnawing and nagging at the great
barren cliffs with frozen fangs?this is
the Tchoukotsk peninsula, which is the
northernmost tip of Asia and the mosl
desolate part of desolate Siberia.
During the warmest part of the year,
when the weather stays above zero, biting
winds sweep across this peninsula,
tearing the ice from the cliffs and sending
it crashing into the s.3a. When the
>!
Charge
Your Purchast
if*You Like.
Hot W.
0
Leonard C
II I
I Mattress
I LIEAVY All-cott
J I *'ve figured t
! : All new cotton and sol
| felt." Special for Mon
Golden Oak Do
Wardn
: $4.9
p OLDEN Oat
* with double dooi
locks, large top orr
! drawer in base with cop
Ends and doors are pa
to stand hard service. !
this price.
Fumed Oak
[j pulls and very strongl
' All-Iron National
Spring,
$2.98
A L L - IRON
[ Spring with heav
! frame, National link
,j supported hy heavy i
I ji springs. All iron and ;
!i special value.
I!
(T= "
! q i r\
k'pcuicxi \jiua<
Find Them i
Sherwood Metal Edg
I win-tUHlHIITTTTTTff
29c
CIIKRWOOD M llr
! Black Japanned XI
H Metal-frame Win- H+;
I I <*ow Screens; wire
will not come loose Tj
around frame. Well made.
Illl I 18 inches high; extend to 33
illl ' '"C'leS w',en ?Pen
1 unspeakable cold of winter comes down
the land is still as the presence of death.
Yet this region is inhabited by some
muusunu jl.skiihub. iiwy are a iair
product of their environment?treacherous,
thieving: and immoral. When the
women of their tribes become too old
to sew deerskins, or when the men become
too old to hunt, they are killed to
, save food. It is generally the oldest son
who performs the patricidal rite. When
i the ancient Siberian has reached the
1 "dying time" a great feast is held, the
t victim is gotten thoroughly drunk and ;
} then hanged, stabbed or shot by his son,
, the method of murder being chosen by
' the victim.
L In the spring salmon swarm up the
streams, which are very narrow, and the
, Eskimos have litenally but to lift them
out. So improvident are these people,
however, that, although they gorge their
* fill, they never think of drying or smok
ing a supply of fish for winter use. Duri
ing winter the food supply is much more
1/10/ n:.
409 to 417
;atlier Like 1
To Ge
)ne-Piece Ses
i
r....$4.95
on Mattress, in attracicking,
well tufted and made,
d many places as "all-cotton
day and Tuesday.
obe, a
5
i'v ^ i k
; Wardrobe : j * _ i |&4\ *
rs with cabinet ^ \ *} \
lament, roomy P j 5 ^ .
iper-finish pulls. & 11/
n#> Iprl and maHp fl ^ _ ? \ RII
Special \ alue at
If
Library Table,
Book Shelves,
$8.75
T ARGE Fumed
*-' Oak Library Table.
L= Double magazine and
book rack on each end.
Large drawer, wood
y made.
Link
Heywood Reed
Liarriage,
$10.75
ARGE Reed - body
-* Carriage; strong springs,
rge wire wheels and tires.
[as large, full size reed hood;
ell padded cushion; brown
led.
- J
2-Out Prices on ?
Special Values at
T P 1* O
insurance uasonne o
I $9.75
cO arranged that it generat
" from gasoline and though th
ers are wide
open no gaso
precarious. Seal and walrus hunting and a
the reindeer herds are the only re- I
sources. There are often famines, which
always result in the kiling off of more t
of the old people. t
In seal and walrus hunting these Eski- c
mos are wonderfully skillful. They r
make canoes of picked walrus hide about c
fifteen feet long, which are absolutely I
watertight. The best marksman of the
family is placed in the bow with a repeating
rifle of heavy caliber. In the
stern sits an old man, who steers. A
number of women and boys are the pad- i
dlers. When the seal or walrus is J
Bighted the rifleman must kill him at
tljfcrty or forty yards with a single shot
in the head. Then the boat must reach
him in a few seconds or the carcass r
will sink and be lost. 1
The whole process is gone through e
with wonderful speed and ctexterity, but $
the aftermath is disgusting. The mo- c
ment the seal is in the boat the women
begin to fight to decide which shall have C
the privilege of gouging out its eyes, i
ivhirh ara pnnQidaraH err fat rlalirnriPR fl
rcount on Accounts Closed in 3
Seventh St N. W. Phoi
rhis Means ;
it the Best
unless Porce
Special prices on a st
special patterns and samp]
have placed special sale pr
Our policy of not quot
just what big reductions ar
Leonard Cleanable Ref
are "as easily cleaned as a
Panama-Pacific exposition.
Leonard"s Seamless Porce
Leonard's Baked EnamellhSMGP
Refrigerator,
$7.95 P
T EONAR D'S Hp
Kitchenette Refrigerator,
with hardwood
case and the baked white ('"rtjjp
enamel lining; extra 'jj
height, built especially for 5^
apartments; 40 in. high. T~Tf~
t?=
Join the Hooj
"J Puts a Hoos
X in Your Ho
I
j VOU can have one of <
new Hoosier Cabinets delivei
your home on the Easier Houst
Club Plan and pay the balance c
low cash price in weekly dues of
"White Beauty"?The Ne
j! Hoosier Cabinet?40 Labor-S
Features?17 Entirely Ne
T^HIS is the cabinet which
* tains Mrs. Frederick's Food C
answering the eternal question, "
shall 1 cook for dinner?" It ha
remarkable shaker flour sifter, i
cannot wear out. This is the cj
which reached a sale of over $i,oc
immediatelv after it was placed 1
American women. The Hoosiei
tory has never caught up with c
since this new Hoosier appeared,
opportunity to own it on the H<
dollar plan is one you should sei
once. Other women are makir
their minds now. and the sale is st
limited.
$1 Puts a Hoosier in Your ?.
|j Hoosier Cabinets, $26.0
Summer Furnitu]
These Low Pric
tove, Mfe* New Englanc
Kp Maple Rock
es T 79c
e burn- I ?_?A RDWOOD
I Sewing Rock- C
I Jit ier. with heavy
I .1 four-slat back and
t/ double woven seat,
vWlf we^' constructed
'' ' a"d braced, heavy
t'iI1 runners and finish- (k
SWB&mSStr ed natural color
shellacked.
md are sucked and chewed with great
tusto by the victors.
The csar of all the Russias has sent
wo expeditions to overcome these people.
Neither of these expeditions was
iver heard from again, and these Eskino
tribes are the only people in all the
rar's dominions who have never paid
dm tribute.
SEE GREEK WAR CHANGE.
Diplomats Here Expect to See
Nation Join Allies. i
The resignation of the Greek foreign
ninister caused some surprise in dipomatlc
circles here as it was generally
expected the entire cabinet would
fo out together when the national
:hambfer reassembles this week.In
some quarters a change in the
5reek foreign policy is looked for
which may allign Greece with the
lilies.
0 Days
b ' :
ie M 2826
a Good Refr
Buy a
Iain-Lined R
andard grade article means s<
e numbers of Leonard Clean;
ices.
ing comparative values prevei
e offered. We can only hint at
rigerators with seamless onei
china dish." They were a1
rTain Refrigerators Are 'Alt
-*H- HH Leonard's Poli
Hf Refrigerate
ggl $13.!
T'l A PARTM
I, fa . Style Refr
' L UJ ? with 55 lbs. ice <
* " Ash case with q
TO oak panels. Wire
i patent trap, he
I rack, 8 wall# insu
nard's Seamless tj-?_
34.75 ES*
EAMLESS 1 y&SQ
Porcelain Refrig- RM ' y 1M
:or, side - wheel
ulation, front nik..;g.
Has all the fl| tBi
inard special fea- U Ij ! I
:s. The best val- U ^2=-==^;' 1 I
for the price in ?i "~JlL
shington.
sier Kitchen Cs
iier -J Wee]
me <4? X QuicI
:work ! ** I T]ljL_w p
re '
avmg ?J?=1
5f e , TT -White Beauty"
0 and Up Mrntmd m Mill
re. If You Need
es. It Will Pay
n^nStSm PorcK
er, I IBM! I Rocker,
If $2.7!
| ARGE Ru
^ Hickory P(
^ Jl L ' lur# iruxil U191 niv.n
S Chair, $2.1
CONVICT KILLED BT GUARDS.
Prison Inmates Use Weapons in Attempting
to Gain Liberty.
MONTGOMERY. Ala.. July IT.- Harry
Smith, a while convict, was ?hot and
killed by guards w'rn he and three others
made a dash for liberty last night
at the l.ucite mines, according to information
given out by the state convict
board today.
In some manner the convicts obtained
weapons, and in attempting to escai>e
fired several shots at the guards. The
guards returned the tire with rifles, resulting
in the killing of Smith and capturing
of the three others.
Issac 1*. Kelley. owner of a tannery,
and well known as a strong man, died
near Whitacre, Va., at the age of sixty-eight
years. Mr. Kelley weighed
nearly 400 pounds.
ose Daily 5 P.M. ill
aturday, 6 P.M. 11
'iterator |
efrigerator I
amething. On several
able Refrigerators we
nts us from telling you
the values.
piece porcelain linings
warded first prize at )
vays Standard in Price
I Leonarcf's One-piece
Porcelain Refrigerator, 1||H|
$13.75 1
T EONARD'S 1
1?' Kitchenette Refrigerator.
with hardwood Nil
case and the celebrated j
one - piece seamless
porcelain lining; can't
chip or peel. Extra
height, built especially
W for apartments, 40 in. fl
high.
? ^
ibmet Club II
kly Dues
kly Pays for It
rhem,You 11
to Buy Now
istic Hickory J
III