Evening star. [volume], August 22, 1915, Page 2, Image 42

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
p
LTKOUGH the warpaths of
A\ the old-time west have been
/=L\ obliterated by the broad high^
<?J ways of civilization, and the
government is now pro"" to regard its
blanketed wards in the light of willful
children rather than iri the blaze of
their one-time savage splendor, there
is still one man at least who takes a
keen delight in shooting redskins. And
although he seldom nowadays strays
from the seclusion of his rooms in the
National Museum, he frequently "pots"
an aborigine. Yet the aborigines themselves
are all fast friends of his, because,
unlike the Trusty Trapper and
the Scarred Scout, who went after
frierd Redman with a squirrel rifle, De
Lancey Gill shoots them with a
camera.
Some thirty years ago, when there
was still something woolly about the
west and quite a bit of savagery
among the Indians, he began hunting
the red man.
In those days he was accustomed to
take the fleld with the largest Colt
iix-sr.ot obtainable. a hundred rcunrls
of ammunition, "war-baa" ami bedding.
a clumsy old-fashioned camera
with a stock of plates and a tripod,
which, together with his own bulk, he
was wont to drape about the restless
back and withers of a bucking cayuse
and 'are forth to "shoot the red man
In his lair."
*
* *
In those days he rode the Yuma trail,
?ver which years before him had
flowed the tide of "forty-niners." and
they who came after them, and where
every mile of the three hundred which
mark its way across the desert of the
Colorado was dotted with human
graves.
Sometimes he would ride. fully
armed, into Indian encampments to enDuval
V
WHAT has come to be called
the President's new Mexican
policy has been much
in evidence of late. In some
essential particulars it differs from the
President's earlier policy. Comment at
Washington is that the new policy is
based on more complete and accurate
information regarding the exact condition
of affairs in the republic to the
south, and that the man responsible for
furnishing that information, the one
whose report brought about the change
in the presidential attitude, is Duval
West of San Antonio, Tex.
Just who is Duval West? Why was
he selected to go into Mexico, interview
the various leaders, military and
political, obtain a first-hand view of
the situation, and act as the President's
eyes in the field? What is his
equipment for the great task?
*
* *
These are questions that have been
asked many times, more frequently in
recent weeks as the new policy was
developed. The answers have not been
full nor satisfactory, for Mr. West
himself, occupying as he has a confidential
position, has kept a close
mouth and has insisted on his owr.
personality remaining in the background.
Briefly, Duval West is one of the
leading lawyers of Texas. He knows
Mexico and the Mexicans intimately,
closely. He is learned in international
law. He has no axes to grind. He is
not a politician. But he is an intensely
practical, hard-headed lawyer v/ho
knows how to get at the root of anything
he undertakes to investigate.
He has Investigated Mexico and its
factional leaders and he has reported
to the President his findings, his estimates
of the men who are to the front
there, and his conclusions. His report
is a confidential document in the hands
of the President. But that it is to have
i? tremendous bearing on the future of
\fo*ipn iq iiflmittpfl hv nil who H:iva
knowledge of the farts.
The Mexican situation was at its
worst last winter. The President wanted
some one with a sympathetic understanding
of Mexicans and Mexican
problems to go into the country and
make an unbiased report to him of the
exact situation Reports that were corning
in were conflicting and inadequate.
The President knew the sort of man he
wanted, but he did not know the man.
Postmaster General Burleson and Attorney
General Gregory, both of whom
ere Texans. both residents of Austin,
suggested that Duval West, a native of
Austin, but living and practicing law
at San Antonio, met all requirements.
Accordingly, much to Mr. "West's surprise,
he was summoned to Washington.
Here he talked to the President,
who concluded that the judgment of
the two cabinet officers had been
sound. In February Mr. West was dispatched
on his grave and delicate mission
to Mexico.
* *
There for months he moved about
from camp to camp and "capital" to
"capital," crossing between the lines,
suffering all the discomforts of travel
In a war-ridden country, observing,
studying, interviewing. And when the
work was done back he came to Washington
with his report, a document said
to be brief, terse, but wonderfully informing.
Texans know why Duval West was
the man for the Job; the country generally
does not. Slaybe this article will
explain.
First, observe the man himself. A
slender, erect, small-boned figure he
has; not tall, neither short, but the figure
of the cavalryman. A fearless erectness
of the head, a cool, steady glance
out of clean, clear blue eyes that are
""" PhotOi OjT ?tVITH&QHt/\lif fHS
Joy the armed neutrality of some chieftain
whose hospitality at best was of
dubious quality. Again he and his
party, always keeping thirty paces
apart, day or night, to guard against
ambuscades by Mexican bandits, would
ride out over desert stretches where in
six days of journevings there might be
but a single water hole.
But thirty years have somewhat
changed De I-ancey Gill's method of
procedure. He does not now go often
into the field, but adds to his collection
of pictured Indians when delegations
come to Washington to visit the Great ;
White Father, in the meantime filling
the post of chief illustrator for the
National Museum. ]
Yet in those thirty years there has
passed btfore the recording eye of his i
camera a strange company. Gay in
panoply and war paint of a time gone
by nave come crafty Sioux, cruel Co- i
mnnehes, cannibal Seris from the wild
Tiburon Islands, dignified men of tho
Nez I'erees, and, in fact, members of i
every tribe of the red brotherhood 1
which at the time he began his work ]
was malting its final stand in the west
and southwest. i
]
>k *
Came Geronimo, who, to his already !
red record, which had made him a prls- '
oner of war on the Fort Sill reserva- ,
tion, added to his fame the claim of be- \
ing the only Indian who refused to sit '
before a camera without payment. ]
Came Chief Joseph, the dignified pa- 1
triarch of the Ne Perces, he who wth '
masterful generalship led the famous '
retreat in the face of Gen. Miles' column
across the Bitter Root mountains
and Into Montana In a vain attempt to
reach sanctuary across the Canadian 1
border. Came Wolf Robe and Running )
Anlnlnwo tJ-ia onlcr ftirn Tr/HnflS t CV hp
immortalized upon the currency of the
United States and who appear upon the '
buffalo nickels and five-dollar bills: 1
and with them came hundreds of 1
their tribesmen, all easer to sit before '
the camera of De Lancey Gill. '
And from his dealings with them Mr. ?
ky/ yg=gs H
v Wwly JL CH
set in a maze of tiny wrinkles: a
square, stern Jaw, a close-clipped light
brown mustache over a Scotch-Irish
mouth?these are things that impress
the observer.
There is a deliberateness of manner
and speech about him that betoken the
man of poise, strength, determination
and bravery. He looks like one who is
afraid of nothing on earth?and they
say in Texas that he is just that sort
of a man. Also he looks like one who
would be a dangerous opponent in a
poker game.
*
* *
His father was a lawyer at Austin
and was justice of the state supreme
court for many years. His great-grandftither,
William P. Duval, was a lead- T
ing figure in the early history of the a
country, being a representative in Con- c
gress from Kentucky 100 years ago 1
and later territorial governor of j
Florida under the administrations of ^
Presidents Monroe, Adams and Jack- j
son, migrating afterward to Texas. g
It was this old Gov. Duval who, ideal- t
ized, was the original Ralph Rlngwood ,
of Washington Irving's tale, for the
governor and Irving were fast friends. ^
Duval West at seventeen, after at- }
tending a military academy in his ,
home town for a time, determined that r
he had ail the education he needed. ^
Forthwith he set out for the staked j,
plains country and became a cowboy, f
All his life he had known Mexicans,
living as he did so near to the border,
but in the cow country he got to know t
more about them. t
After a time his cousin. Tom Greene, ^
son of the famous Gen. Tom Greene of j,
the Confederate army, engaged him ^
along with a number of other cowboys r
to go down to the Greene ranch in the
state of Coahuila, Mexico, to handle ^
his herds of the Bar A brand!
Three years Duval West worked at
this joh, getting far down into the state .
of Tamaulipas during the period of .
his employment, and getting some
more angles on the Mexican. But
being a cowpuncher palled so he returned
to Texas, where he became a
deputy clerk of the United States district
court at San Antonio. This was J;
in 18S3, when he was twenty-one years ,
old. ;
After a year and a half of this he I'
became chief deputy United States :
marshal, in which position he acquired J
a reputation as a first-clues fic-nticc
man. Kut he left all this to (to to .
Cumberland Law School at Lebanon.
Tenn. to jtet a leiral education. With "
his diploma in his hand he hurried
back to San Antonio and became assistant
United States district attorney
in the same court where he had served
as deputy clerk and deputy marshal.
This particular court has much to do
with the making of Duval West and s
fittintt him for the task of helping c
settle the future of Mexico. Beinttnear
the International line, which line Is
fringed on both sides with a Mexican si
population, the court has chiefly to do s
wnn Mexicans. c,
*%
Smuggling and cattle running across t(
the line and things of that sort make q
up most of the court's business. Span- b
ish is all but the official language o
there. In nine cases out of ten an interpreter
is sworn as a matter of course Cl
at the beginning of the trial. d
Now, the bandits and smugglers and fl
cattle and horse runners who make up
the people with which that court dealt tl
in Mr. West's day are of precisely the d
same class from which so many revo- h
lutionary generals and leaders ami N
rank and file of "armies" in Mexico s<
have come in recent years. The cattle- w
running band of a while ago has be- c<
come one of the many revolutionary a
armies of oday. M
The Panchos and the Manuels and the p
Juans with whom Mr. West, as clerk
and marshal and district attorney, had tl
to deal in the old days, whose mental a
processes he had to study, whose man- V
I
tfjel
' p
WOLr "R03
ON THE ?
Gill has acquired a wonderful inslgh
into the characteristics of the vanish
Ins race and an inexhaustible fund o
anecdote and incident in which ftgurt
both the stately red man of the pas
and his less admirable prototype o
the present.
Mr. Gill and his collection of Indiar
photographs, which now includes som<
15,000 likenesses, have come to be no
only an important adjunct to the N'a
tional Mustum, but very much of ar
inSIllUllUIl . U.JI1U1IS luc iiiuiaiio vu^ih
selves.
Time after time red men have mad<
their way up the little flight of iror
steps which lead to his studio in tht
museum gallery, there to search anions
hi"5 prints for photographs of theii
friends and klnfolk. some living anc
some long since gone to the happj
hunting ground.
"I have even been able to supplj
grandfathers and great-grandfatheri
o Indians who were searching for theii
pictures," said Mr Gill. "And last winter
two 'ex-husbands' found the wife
to whom each had been married but
ivho at that time had taken a
third spouse. Both of them gravel>
kissed the picture, which had beer
made many years before, when she was
n the heyday of her youth."
*
* *
Mr. Gill declares that there Is nc
Ixed formula that he had ever found
'or dealing with the Indians, except
'to be firm and to keep your promises,"
ind the strict observance of the latter
part of this principle has beer
partly responsible for at least one
strange friendship which exists to this
lay between Mr. Gill and a subchiet
3f the Crows who is known by the
:an Wh?
He Made a Rer
Revolutionary Lead*
for the Delicate Tasf
tween the Lines of1
Village in the Tropic
;er of life and domestic relations were
in open book to him, are just the sort
if men who have been doing much of
he fighting.
Added to the store of knowledge he
lad acquired in riding with Mexican
aqucros in the cattle country, thisproonged
court experience gave Mr. West
remarkable equipment for handling
he sort of investigation the President
his year intrusted to him.
Furthermore, northern Mexico knows
Ir. West and respects hirn. Tales of
lis physical bravery, as well as of his
ntellectual and legal attainments, are
ife along the border. Never was' Mr.
Vest known as a bravo, but he has
lad his part in some famous gun
Ights, and always a part creditable
o him as an officer of the law.
For example, there is the story of
he wiping out of the Whitley gang of
rain robbers in the days when Mr.
Vest was deputy marshal. Mr. Whitley
lad systematized the industry of robling
trains. He was doing a large
uisiness
One day the marshal sot a tip that
Ir. Whitley intended to hold up and
oh a certain Southern Pacific train out
f San Antonio on a certain night. Into
he mail car, which was just behind
he engine, Mr. West and another depty
were placed. Then in the baggage
ar, next In the train, the marshal and
considerable posse were stowed away.
It was expected that the Whitley
erson would cut off the two cars, acording
to his custom, run them up
he track some miles, and then start
a roh them at his leisure, whereupon
he marshal and his aids would spring
heir little surprise party. But the
hing did not work out that way.
i'hitley and five of his gang held up
he train, all right, hut they detached
nly the mail car. It and the engine
ere miles away when the marshal and
he main posse realized what had
aken place.
*
* *
There was a surprise party, hut the
urprised were Mr. West and his lone
ompanlon. Under the circumstances
hey felt that it was up to them to do
omething. Hence, when their car
topped they slid open the door of the
ar and went into action with their
rtillery, shotguns and revolvers,
it was a handsome fight in the flf
?en or twenty minutes it lasted,
asualties consisted of two train rollers
crippled. By hanging close to the
oor Mr. West and his companion esaped
hurt, but they kept up such a
eadly fire that the robbers finally
ed.
Some days later Information came In
hat Whitley and his men were to take
inner on a certain night at a certain
ouse in Florasville. Four marshals,
ir. West in the party, secreted themelves
in the wing of the house and
raited. Presently Whitley and his
ompanions entered the dining room
nd one lighted a lamp. Thereupon
ir. West kicked open the door and his
arty entered, guns in hand.
Whitley, ever fast on the trigger, met
hem with a biasing revolver, but his
im was bad. Theirs was better. Mr.
vhitley died right there and all but
k
AIDIAj
J\MLI
> %'' >7 A -'<?' -'<" V "' - '
SE, WHOSE PROFILE APPEABc
urrala nickel ?
t euphonious title of "Seized-Wlth-His
Ears."
t It all ' cgan a stood many years ago,
i when Mr. <1111 was traveling in the
t we3t and the Crow chief took a fancy
f to him. When Seized-With-His-Ears
heard that Mr. Gill was about to leave
1 for other fields he gravely announced
> that he would regard the photographer
t as his "younger brother" and that Mr.
. ctiii must ree-nrd him as his "elder
i brother."
After Mr. Gill promised to do so the
Tndbtn said: "Now you my younger
j brother. We all same brothers. When
i I want something you got you must
j give it to me. I give you what you
want. I want two bits." \
Mindful of his promise/Mr. Gill pro- '
1 duced the necessary twentv-flve-cent '
r piece and so began a "sight-draft" arrangement
which has never terminat- 1
r ed. A few years ago Mr. Gill, replying '
i to a request of his "elder brother" for '
- a dozen photographs, mentioned the '
. fact that a girl baby had come to the '
s Gill household, in reply to which he re- '
celved a package containing a pair of
t small moccasins and a letter, in which ,
the "elder brother" expressed himself
i as being- 'glad of the arrival of Miss ,
> Gin. ;
*** ]
"I tell my wife make moccasins," (
1 Seized-Wlth-HIs-Ears said: "I very 1
I glad to tell you I have a little girl, too. ]
She is twelve years old, and you, my ^
younger brother, must send her a j
dress." (
| Geronimo besides enjoying the distlnc- 1
J tlon of being the only Indian who j
1 made Mr. Gill pay him for posing was
> also, declares the photographer, consid- i
OS6 K.@JJC
narkable and Dangerous '
3rs for President Wilsonc
Intrusted to Him?He T
War-ridden Land?Zapata
s.
JLJjj
WH; >
" ^i^y
^ ' .^MBHBiBBWlBMBBllil|^?
DUVAL V
two of those present were gathered In. n<
The two escaped in the darkness; the \\
explosions of many revolvers, all ,
speaking at once, had blown out the
lamp. P'
Acts such as these on the part of
Mr. West may not contribute directly Pi
to his equipment for dealing with a hi
grave international situation and help- '
ing a great nation form its policy, but of
they gi^e a sidelight ou the quality w
of the man. te
Mr. West remained as assistant te
United States attorney until the break- is
ing out of the Spanish-American war, be
when he went out as captain and ad- th
jutant of the 1st Texas Volunteer In- gi
fantry. The regiment, however, went th
* .
r
f ''-A;
GEBONIKO, THE INDIA?
WOULD NOT POSE UNL
>rnhlo r>f rx flim-flam artist T!ip AnflchA I
warrior, realizing that photographers r
were anxious for his likeness, arranged t
for himself a scale of prices. For one
snap-shot with an ordinary hand camera
he charged 10 cents, hut if he saw
i tripod make its appearance the c
imount of the gratuity rose to 25 cents, r
ind if he were ushered into a studio,
is far as he was concerned, "the sky c
was the limit."
So when he was taken to Mr. Gill he ?
blandly demanded $2 for the privilege
bf taking his photograph. Mr. Gill
nade up the necessary amount in v
ihange and counted it into the horny J
band which had in the past lifted so J
Tiany pale-face scalps. Then he posed
"Jeronimo, but he had scarcely reached h
lis camera when the ancient Apache e
bailed him in agonized tones, crying, n
'Two bits short!" Mr. Gill hastened "
back to his side, protesting that the p
tmount was right, hut Geronimo was n
ibdurate, exhibiting what he declared
was the full amount he had received s
ind refusing to sit until Mr. Gill had
broduced another quarter. h
"I know the old rascal short-changed s
Tie," declared Mr. Gill, "but I got even
>rt Shap
four Through Mexico t(
-His Picturesque Career
ells of Strange Experieu
i, the Man of Mystery, Fo
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> further than Florida camps, so Mr. J|,
'est saw no actual service. Returning ti<
San Antonio, he entered general law za
active, paying particular attention to B<;
deral court work. That practice has Vj
it him in the front rank at the bar of
s state. q,
There is much litigation in that part Vj
Texas over irrigation matters and ce
ater rights, and this litigation is in- pl
rnational in character, since the wa- tj(
r comes from the Rio Grande, which ar
the international boundary line, and za
>th sides of the river are dependent on t?
e river flow to furnish the means of op
owing crops. Soon Mr. West became
ie attorney for all the American wa- ta
y
"1 f~ ^ g
, ' ' I y*?*
- r ' " ' <!
aSSSa
^KSSHSTw''-'
A
f CHIEF "WHO PUNNING ANT]
?33 PAID HEAD-DRE55 DI
vlth him, for by pretending to arrange
ny camera I got two plates instead of
he one which he authorized."
?
* *
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces, acording
to Mr. Gill, possessed the d!glity
of a chief justice and was a man
if magnificently strong character.
"I photographed Chief Joseph in 1903,"
ays Mr. Gill, "and the following day
e returned to see the proofs, upon
.-hich I asked him to put his totem.
Juch to my surprise he wrote, 'Chf.
oseef, 1900."
"I pointed to the date and shook my
ead and said 1903, and the interpreter
xplalned it to him. But the old chief
lerely shook his head and insisted,
rhat's all right.- Through the interreter
I told him again that he had
lade a mistake, but he replied:
"I know it is right. My good friend
howed me how to write it."
"And that is the kind of loyalty that
ad made the Nez Perces famous for
teadfast friendships."
Mr. Gill, who can, at a single glance
?d ^?"W
I
) Interview All the
and His Equipment
ces in Passing Beund
in a Tiny Indian
?r users from Laredo to the mouth of
ie river.
It is recognized that an essential
ling in the settlement of all of the
isputes is a reformed treaty with
exieo fixing an equitable division of
ie waters of the river. For a long
me Mr. West and others, through the
epartment of State, have been laborg
to that end. This naturally led to
r. West's study of international law,
subject which has interested him far
syond the range of the water controjrsy,
and to his becoming a member
' the American Society of Internaonal
Law.
Aside from all this his general praece
has been iarge. And these facts
1 being well known to Messrs. Greg- ,
y and Burleson of the cabinet, is it ]
ly wonder that they nominated Mr. 1
est to the President for the post of t
mfidential adviser on Mexican af- i
i rs ? .
* \
=F -TOn
an agreement that ho would not
i required to talk of the character or
xt of the report he has made to the
resident, nor to suggest what recomendations
he had made, Mr. West rently
in Washington agreed to tell an
terviewer of some of his experiences
pursuing the inquiry the President ]
rected him to make.
"In the beginning." said Mr. West, "I
ant to say that I was treated with
'ery consideration and courtesy by
e various leaders to whom I traveled,
iiey all were anxious to place at my
sposal the facts as they saw them,
id to accord me safe conduct. The
lief difficulties I encountered were due
the activity of minor military oflirs
in the wilder country who remtedly
held me up.
'These roving bands, not having had
ord from their responsible leaders,
ught to arrest nie, but always let me
i when my credentials were presented
when the Mexican officers with me
plained the circumstances of my s
avels. So, aside from the fact that I
id lrequent opportunity to inspect at ]
ose range, revolver and rifle muzzles a
veled at me, 1 cannot say that I en- r
untered any extraordinary difficulty, c
"The situation in Mexico at the time t
made tny investigation was about a
lis: Villa, from his capital at Chilahua,
was operating his own govern- 1
ent; Carranza, from his capital at t
era Cruz, also was conducting his i
ivernment, while, tinder the protec- a
011 of the Zapata forces, the conven- f
inist president. Roque Gonzales Gar- o
, was conducting a so-called national c
ivernment in Mexico City. t
"By the conventionists I mean the e
lla-Zapata alliance which, at the u
nvention at Aguascalientes, chose t
irza as the chief executive. With t
11a holding the north and Zapata the b
nt:al and southern parts of the re- t
iblic, there is no regular communicaon
between these two leaders, who v
e arrayed against Carranza. Carran- v
's force, occupying the area in be- v
een, keeps them apart. Still they are a
ierating in alliance. e
'Without going deeply into the deils
I may explain that while all three ft
l *
^ ;: % ** :
"7> \
[? v M 1 1 '.
e1l0pe,wh0' in different ?
gjsrinns the rivE dollar bill ?r
h
h'
usually tell the nation to which an In- n
dian belongs, declares that Indians are ?
not vain. "
"1 usprl to fhfnlc thov wptp." hp savs.
"on account of the great care and time r:
they take in pluming themselves be- f'
fore posing for a picture, but it is not h
true. The Indian has his own ideas as ti
to what constitutes the esthetic in "<
dress, and that, coupled with a super- 01
stition regarding the proper arrange- tl
ment of paint, hair and ornament according
to rote, often places him in a b
false position in the eyes of a layman. r<
"Except for the Cocopas, who live b
near the mouth of the Colorado river, tl
and few of whom had ever seen a white
man at the time I visited them, I have tl
met with not more than a half dozen tr
Indians who feared the camera. These tl
simply refused to pose because to have b
their pictures taken would be 'bad ol
medicine."
"Few Indians care for profile pictures, M
one of them declaring that he had no t<
special objection to such a picture, but tc
that he wanted his made 'with two eyes b
and a whole mouth.' An Indian usually bi
prefers to be taken standing, so as to oi
show his whole body, and not be 'cut w
Mexicar
elements officially proclaim their de- ai
sire to create a constitutional govern- g'
ment in Mexico, they are proceeding tc
on two distinct plans of action. What et
we may call the conventionists, other- sc
wise the Zapata-Villa alliance, are op- w
erating on the plan of Ayala. while the is
Carranza forces, or constitutionalists, m
so called, are operating on the plan of hi
Guadalupe. The two plans involve q\
substantially the same principles. "tl
* * ra
"Leaving Washington in the middle It
of last February, I went to El Faso and ~
thence, accompanied by George Caroth- ja
ers, special agent of the Department of pj
State, to Chihuahua, where I had ex- so
tended interviews with the officers of
Villa's provisional government. From
there I went to Torreon and on to tn
Monterey, where I had interviews with ju
Gen. Felipe Angeles, the Villa general he
in command, and Raoul Madero. the '
Villa governor of the state of Nuevo wl
Leon. I may mention in passing that V<
Raoul Madero, of all the 160 Maderos, in
is the only one who has taken up arms ti<
since the death of President Madero. lb
"From there 1 returned to Torreon no
and thence to Aguascalientes and de
Guadalajara, where Villa was with his fo
army. After several long talks with foi
hmi there I accompanied him to Torreon,
a trip lasting some days, in which
time I was with him a great deal.
"This trip was made hy train, although
many of my trips were made m
by automobile in regions where the
tracks had been destroyed or where
there were no railroads. Villa, with Pe
bis headquarters ever in the field, has ev
i train as his usual abiding place. His ha
ind the other armies in the field travel
much by train and know box cars as
heir only shelter. These armies are Pe
lifTerent from the usual army in the I
field in that they have no tents. I pei
ionbt that there is a military tent in KO
Mexico. it
* dai
* * Ba
"From this trip I returned to El
Paso, and then went by steamer to (-a
fera Cruz to see Carranza. I found fea
lim living in some state in a very *'
landsome and well equipped building
m the water front. The fact that a va]
ight house has been erected on the p
luilding has given rise to the state- gin
nent that he has taken refuge in a wa
ighthouse. This is far from correct. anc
"Like the others I visited, Carranza of
eceived me most amiably and was of
ery courteous in seeing that I se- T
Hired the information I wanted. An wa
ilder and more sedate and deliberate H.o
nan than the others, he did not talk a inc
treat deal himself, for he is one who in
irefers to let others do the talking ant
Hid to revolve the substance of the we
alk in his brain before he makes re- $30
ponse. It
"lie is a man of broader and more nat
iberal education than the others, for, nes
s you no doubt know, neither Villa dor
lor Zapata professes to have any edu- afft
at ion. Naturally shrewd, however, hui
t,?if L-,on educated men near them, stri
nd each has his force of secretaries. gor
"After spending some two weeks In too
"era Cruz I proceeded in April to go lies
hrough the lines to the City of Mex- thu
co, acco.mpanled by Consul General era
hanklin. This and the return journey
urnished the most exciting incidents
f my entire trip. The railroad being
ut, I had to make a large part of the R
rip each way by automobile. How- JSi
ver, by telegraph the tentative schedle
for passing me from one side to fesi
he other was arranged, and this, al- 'V
hougli there were frequent hold-ups hat
y wandering bands, let me get eas
hrough. so i
"In making the journeys each side "I
rould give an escort to a point near arti
,-hich it was estimated the other forces woi
,ould be, and then leave me to go on tha
lone, there being no direct contact wat
ver between my respective escorts. of e
"I spent a fortnight in the City of >y
lexlco, interviewing President Garza s
FT.* as another explained, and with
rad dress or hat on."
Mr. Gill's experiences In the role of
ounner brother' to red men who have
aken a fancy to his belontrlnKS have
ot always turned out as well ss hit
doption by Seixed-Wlth-ltis-Kars r<
ulted. Upon another occnston he wan
dopted by an Indian who desired to
et several photoaraphs of himaelfand
ucceeded In doin* so.
"On parting with Kreat ceremony and
pparent affection." said Mr. Gill, "rrv
lder brother In this Instance prese.nted
te with a lame and very beautiful elk
ooth which pleased me very much?
ntll I found out It was made of celluold."
a
*
Frequently requests come from Tnllans
to Mr. Gill for additional photo
:raphs upon the ground that when
heir wives have died their possession*
avc been taken from them, which emhasl7.cs
a peculiar custom amotiK many
ribes. possibly the outgrowth. Mr Gill
elieves. of efforts in early years to
tamp out disease, by cremating the
odies of victims with their household
elongings. In these tribes wlien a.
toman dies she Is placed in the 1 odgo
f her husband, which is set afire. As
oon as the fire has gained a little
leadway, all of her relatives are ;?t
iherty to rescue what they can from
he flames and keep the relics.
While he has on numerous occasions
>een "taken into tribes," Mr. Gill beieves
that except for a few prisoners
n the early Indian wars who found faor
with their captors, but one white
nan in his knowledge has ever been
Incerely adopted bv Indians. That
nan was Frank Gushing of ;he Smithonian
InstituMon. For Ave years
'ushing lived tn? life of a Zuni Indin; .
working into their confidence, ^.-lining
dmission at last ?o their secret soeieies
and being Anally made a "Priest of
he Bow."
*
* *
Pushing was a white man who for
he sake of science lapsed for a time
nto savagery. He learned to chip arow
heads, carve turquoise and drl'l
ends, and he learned the secrets of
he Zunis. But he died before lie had a
hance to give very much of his knowldge
to the world.
His hunting of the Indian with a
amera has Led Mr. Gill into many
trange and buried corners of the coninent.
He has crossed deserts where
e has found corrals capable of holding
wo hundred head of cattle whose
lockades were made entirely of the
arcasses of animals baked to a maogany
hardness by the desert sun. Ho
as explored lost cities on distant desrt-surrounded
mesas, and on one occasion
was confronted in the heart of
he desert of the Colorado off the Yuma
rail by one of those desert tragedies
. hlch .were bo plentiful in the early
ays of the west.
It came about when Mr. GUI. riding
ver the trail one morning, espied half
mile from the narrow track of sar?r
what appeared to be a pueblo ru n.
t first his horse, with the fear of the
esert which seems ingrafted into all
lounts in that country, refused to turn
side into the shifting sands, but at
1 st cantered off toward the spot Mr
ill wished to examine. Arriving, he
ound that what he supposed to h a
Liin was merely a natural erosion of
n adobe clay bank outcropping n th>
esert. But a clump of tree- farther
^ f bo fjincht his nttent ton -d
e rode toward it. As he approached
e saw that the stunted growth rrarke-l
o water hole or camp sin n '1 was
bout to turn back when suddenly his
orse stopped and refused to move.
Sir. Gill fearing the proximity of a
tttlesnake. examined the ground in
-ont of him carefully, hut could find
o trail of a reptile in the sand, and
ten looking up suddenly lie was eon'ious
of something directly in front
f him which he had not seen until
tat moment.
It was the body of a man mummified
y the desert lieat and probably the
ilic of a lynching or execution years
efore, swinging to a limb of otje of
te trees.
air. Gill dismounted, and knowing
tat if he tied his mount to any of the
ees the horse would bolt, he tethered
te animal to a small greasewood bush,
ut before he could reach the victim
f the long-gone tragedy the horse
irked the bush up by the roots and
>. Gill sprang backward just In time
) grab the reins as the horse wheeled
) bolt, and so with the alternative of
eing set afoot in the desert, he rode
ack to the trail, leaving the mystery
' the hanging man to the desert grove
hlch had seen his death.
k Polir/v
tid other officers of the conventionlst
avemment, acting, as I did on all the
>ur, as a sort of human sponge, liy
ay In the city was prolonged by rea>n
of the difficulty in getting in touch
ith Zapata, whom I desired to see. He
a man who dwells in the hills, and
:ver comes Into the city unless he
is to. Always on the move, his headlarters
in the saddle, he is known as
he man of mystery."
"However, a meeting finally was arnged.
and I traveled down on the
iteroceanic railway?a narrow gauge
into the hot country in the * te of
orales, where, in a little Indian vilge,
at a house appointed, I met Zaita
and had a talk with him lasting
ine six or seven hours.
"Then I returned to the City of Mexland
put in a week there arranging
r the exciting journey back through
e lines to Vera Cruz, where I arrived
st in time to catch a steamer for
tme.
"During all the time, up to the ..olnt
here I left the City of Mexico for
sra Cruz, I kept a voluminous diary,
which I recorded all the oonvfrsa)ns
and incidents. Some time, when
e facts have ceased to be news and
i harm will come from making the
tails public, 1 may relate them, but
r the present it would be improper
r me to do so." ASHMUN BIIOW.V
Famous Pearls. I
'HE pearl is the only gem needing H
not the hand of man to bring to H
rfection, and history affords ample H
Idence of the Intense fascination it H
s exercised upon the people of every H
e. The pearl Is the oldest object of I
rsonal adornment. H
ndiun mythology often speaks of the H
irl. attributing its discovery to the H
d Vishnu, who is said to have caused H
to be drawn" from the ocean for his H
Jghter Pandaia. The records of the H
bylonians. Egyptians, Persians and H
mans also contain many references
the gem. The wife of the Emperor
ligula, for an ordinary betrothal
ist, is said to have decked herself
th pearls to the value of $1.00(1,000;
1 Julius t'aesar presented Servllla.
; mother of Brutus, with a specimen
iued at $250,000.
'hilip II of .Spain paid $200,000 for a
gle pearl known as "Peregrina." It
s found in Panama, was pear-shaped
i weighed 1.14 carats. Another king
Spain?Philip IV?purchased a pearl
Indian origin weighing 12fi carats,
he largest pearl known is that which
s once the property of Henry Philip
pe. Cylindrical in form, it iH two
lies long, four and a half inches
circumference at one end and three
I a half inches at the other. It
ighs 1,800 grains and is valued at
0,000.
; is known that the beauty of the
ural pearl sometimes proves evacent.
To retain its shimmering spleu'
it needs air and light. Acids can
set pearls, and emanations from the
nan skin can, it is contended, deny
the precious luster, which, once
le, cannot be recovered. Sometimes,
, owing to their comparative softs.
pearls become scratched and
s a source of anxiety to their own
Be Punctual! I
N' actress in an interview in London
attributed her rapid rise in her proslon
in great part to her punctuality.
in actress," she said, "must learn the
lit of being punctual?a habit so
y to acquire that one wonders why
many women do not learn it.
think," she continued, "that the
st hit off yery well the average
nan when, td his friend's suggestion
t one of the fashionable new finger
ches might cure his wife's bad habit
ilways being late, he replied:
ir'stcbes on her finger* and clocks on bee bate,
be'll be anpanctual irhererer sbe goes.' "