Evening star. [volume], June 25, 1916, Page 5, Image 45

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
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In costume v
SCOFF, if you like, at this preparedness
movement among: our women.
The fact remains that since
Molly Pitcher dropped her bucket
and took her fallen husband's place
In the brunt of the battle of Monmouth,
thus winning a sergeant's rank and. a
place on the pay list for life, our maids
and matrons have not been found
wanting when war has threatened
their homes and their loved ones.
Six women won officers' commissions
In the civil war. One of these was Maj.
Pauline Cushman. an actress born in
New Orleans in 1833. While playing in
'Louisville in 1863 she entered the secret
service of the Union army, and
one of her first clever ruses to allay
[suspicion was to toast the Confederacy
from the stage of Wood's Theater,
jfor which act she was, as she had ex!
peeted, expelled from the company.
-Then she took the field as a spy, but
IVU soon captured by Jack Morgan,
the guerrilla raider. He turned her
?ver to Forrest, who let her go. I^ater
?he fell Into the hands of Bragg, and
ipn being court-martialed was condemned
to death, but fell ill. wfiile she
(^ras being nursed for th#? firing squad
!&ragg's men fled before Rosecrans' ad
I Vance, and she was found on her bed
l>y the Union troops. As a reward for
'two severe wounds received while on
Movemer
' pr?HE battle of the Skaggerak, the
II first clash between English and
II German dreadnaughts, has
aroused keen interest among
naval men throughout the world.
Wherever officers meet the idea advances
itself. "If we had been there
with our ships, what would we have
done? How would we have played the
game?"
Knt h > c t i V ?> ? nil rft
of the United States Navy are no exception
to the rule, and they look
eagerly for every scran of news that
will throw light upon the movements
of the squadrons that afternoon in the
mi?t and try to raise the screen of
I night to learn what happened when
I the destroyers sent their merciless assault
against the mighty ships of the
opposed fleets.
One otflcer, whose great technical
kill is well known, piecing together
the best information he has been able
to get. has worked out the following
story of the battle:
"The high sea fleets of Germany and
England have been in conflict; and
except that some thirty ships of nearly
i 200,000 tonnage, costing perhaps $200,000,000
and carrying 10.000 men, have
gone to the bottom, nothing much has
happened.
'British prestige, or English cocksureness.
has had a jar. the German
populace is jubilant and their naval
officers know that they are helpless to
break the strangle hold which the
larger navy nas upon in*-in.
"No one this side the Atlantic knows
how it ail hapened or ended, but it is
certain, whether the German loss were
as small as that nation claims or as
large as England hopes, the German
fleet will not soon come out again to
attack its 'defeated" enemy and take
over the sea power which its enthusiastic
admirers assert that it has won.
"The Teutonic strategy which seems
to have been to induce inferior portions
of the British Meet to come over and
place themselves where the German
force could pound them was perfectly
exe?-ute?i*aiid entirely successful. They
took up the psychology of the thing
and cklinly reckoned upon the impetuous
nature of the British admiral,
deliberately exposed their cruisers and
banked upon his fighting spirit and
English tradition to prevent hi- retiring
when he found his div, n i;, the
fare of the enemy fleet :g out.'
They believed they could i ' e bull.
"Down in the southeast < of the
North sea. behind the citaue and of
Helgoland, lies the opening A the
Kiel canal with plenty of r protected
by shore batteries a..d mines,
and there the fleet formed dreadnaughts,
battle cruisers, cruisers. deT
eiroyers and Zeppelins. It n- safe to
aay that every move had been worked
out on the game board, studied, learned
by heart, until every commanding officer
knew what his ship was expected
to do. and every officer and man knew
bls^part. ^ f a
it was planned that submarines were
to play a part in this complicated game,
for it claimed that at least one was
i destroyed, but It is doubtful whether
I they succeeded.
"Their battle oruisers are believed to
'be slightly inferior to the English in
speed and in size of guns, which are
eleven or eleven and a half inch against
fifteen or fifteen and a half Inch, and
they are fewer in number. It. therefore,
would be unwise to pit them unsupported
against Admiral Beatty'e
battle cruiser squadron. In fact, rather
tpan do this, at the Poggerbank they
had abandorred the Bluecher and run
at top speed to the protection of their
mines and shore batteries. The result
, shewed, as alL know, that this was not
j because they lacked pluck, hut because
| ?heir intelligence ;old them il was I Ik
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8Ef - Mmstok
K. WALKER,
rorn in army.
duty Garfield grave her the rank of major.
*
* *
A captain's commission was personally
conferred by President Lincoln on
Mrs Emily E. Wood ley of Philadelphia,
who served as a civil war nurse, and
who at the age of seventy-three died
in that city May 15, 1008. A major's
commission was given during the civil
war by Gov. Yates of Illinois to Mrs.
Belle Reynolds of Shelburne Falls,
Mass., who followed her husband to
war and shared with him the hardships
of the Union troops.
Better known than any of these was
T>r. Mary E. Walker, who since the
civil war has worn male attire. "Dr.
Mary" is the only American woman
who ever held an officer's commission
in the- regular army and who has received
the prized military medal of
honor. At the outbreak of the civil
war she was one of the few of our
countrywomen to have a diploma from
a medical college. She had practiced
for some time at Oswego when she appeared
in Washington to offer her
services at the War Department, which
commissioned her first as an assistant
surgeon without pay, and later as an
assitant surgeon of regulars with the
rank and pay of first lieutenant.
While she was detailed with Sherman's
army an epidemic broke out in
the territory overrun with Champ Furgeson's
bushwhackers, which horde was
a terror to both armies alike, and alkts
of Squi
? r . |
Jll. 7
I
x- /
fil&iMRwfm&$ V
En^?MlH^^%i^?u ;JT*
RKAR ADMIRAL SIR HORACE HOOD,
( ommandrr of the Nfcond battle cruiser
nqundron. He wai lost with bin whip.
correct thing to do, and th*v had cour;iKf
cnouKh to follow the e .act though
cold .studied plan.
"Since they could not fight cruiser
against cruiser, their obvious course
was to induce the enemy battle cruisers
to send their battle cruisers
against the German cruisers and battleships.
They selected a time, not a
difficult thing in that section, when
rain, fog and drizzle might be expected,
and then arranging a sailing
order of cruisers first, battleships behind
and just beyond sight, most likely
sending word to Sir David Heatty that
they were under way, not in the old
form of challenge by herald and
trumpet, hut by means of a 'neutral'
tramp steamer dispatched to be captured.
Jt is quite positively reported
that the German fleet caiyie upon British
destroyers holding up a merchantman.
*
*
"The English, for a wonder, did not
try to capture the German squadron,
hut ian off, telling the news by wireless
that there were some German
cruisers in those waters that might be
surprised and caught if the British
light fleet should come quickly enough.
"Now the designers of the Tiger and
her Histfr ships had given them long,
hue lines for speed, and had built in
them engines designed to develop 120.000
horsepower to drive them at 30
knots or a little better, and had told
the officers that this speed was obtained
by sacrificing armor, that it
was unsafe to take them too close
to heavy guns, but that their speed
would keep them away from dangerous
dreadnought*.
"The officers of the Tiger and his
flerece sisters, however, said that speed
would also take them <;lose aboard
the enemy, and that was the traditional
way in the British navy to fight, as
I-ord Nelson had fully proved a century
ago.
"The Knglish naval officer Is' a *plci
kled in deep sea brine* man. Sent to
sea when a boy, his training is of the
old school type, at least, it was until
wooden ships were abandoned. Then
he became, in addition to his other
qualifications, a machinist and engineer.
He knows his ship, be it what it
may. from submarine to ^juperdreadlit,
he know* ;hv bluejacket u??dv.
3men 1
'"PHEY Have Nevei
* Fallen Husbanc
in the Civil War?Ar
Women in the Conf
thoueh Furgeson had declared that he
would kill every "blue coat" captured.
Dr. Mary rods alone to make her
rounds of the sick countryfolk. She
had many narrow escapes, and at last,
while turning a bend in a road, found
herself confronted by Furgeson and his
band, who commanded hor to surrender.
"Certainly, sir, as T am unarmed,"
this frail girl replied to Furgeson. "But
first escort me to the bedside of a dying
woman whom as a physician 1 am
going to attend?"
Furgeson let her pass. Later sh*> was
captured and held prisoner at Castle
Thunder. Richmond, for four months,
after which she was exchanged for Dr.
Lightfoot of Tennessee.
*
* *
Two women held officers' commissions
in the Confederate army, the more famous
of these being Sue Mondey, or
"I lout rinn-oro ' r>f I 'ont Rprrv'l Staff.
who wore a full Confederate uniform,
with a jaunty plumed *hat, from beneath
which sometimes escaped a wealth of
dark brown hair in luxuriant- curl. She
had a beautiful figure, a dark piercing
eye and a soft and musical voice. She
was a hold rider and a daring leader.
Her sister-officer in the Confederate
service, ('apt. Sallie Tompkins, established
and maintained at her own expense
the Robertson Hospital, where
1.300 wounded Confederate soldiers
were treated between 1861 and 1865.
When the Confederate secretary of war
required all military hospitals to be in
charge of an officer, President Davis
commissioned Miss Tompkins a captain
of infantry.
A score of women fought in the ranks
during the civil war. One of the most
picturesque was Kady Brownell. daughter
of a Scotch soldier who was serving
in f'affroria. Africa, at the time of her
birth, in 1842. Coming to America,
Kady married Robert S. Brownell. orderly
sergeant. 1st Rhode Island Infantry.
with which she marched off to
war as color bearer. She wore a sergeant's
saber and engaged in target
parctice, until she became proficient as
a sharpshooter, as well as in sword
practice.
While marching from the Potomac to
Richmond her regiment, was under fire,
but, undaunted by shot and shell, she
stuck to her colors, around which her
comrades rallied to victory. At the end
:
ANITA NKWCOMB NcGRE.
adrons B<
OFFICERS of Uni
*?J n ? A:
unusuai v>unui
Together?Strategy ]
This Country.
I
A
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.
i-~f
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THK
Disabled In the Doggerbnnk fight, tl
him, and they know and trust each
other, but his opportunity for study
of the cold science of naval warfare
Is limited to about twelve months of
shore courses in engineering, gunnery,
electricity and general study. Th<e
game board and kindred studies are
not practiced on a large scale.
"Each ship was perfect in detail; her
engines were ready, her guns ready,
her crew ready, and in fleet evolutions
they upheld the best British traditions.
Picked officers and crews were aboard
the battle cruiser fleet, and no more
gallant set of sailormen ever raised the
royal standard. Thes* were the men
whom the Germans were tolling Into
their snare, reckoning upon their pluck
as the factor to lead them to destruction.
"Eighteen thousand yards is a long
range, hut a falling shot from a thirteen-inch
gun is nearly as dangerous
to a battleship at that distance as it
would be to a cruiser. At 7,000 yards
a shot from such a gun will not pierce
the armor.of a battleship, but the shot
with which it Is answered will pierce
the armor of a cruTSer as one from the
smooth-bores of the Merrimac did the
Cumberland or the Minnesota.
rtomirai neHiiy on uic *? u ciod? uan
of the destroyers relayed the message
to the second division of his squadron,
hurrying them on. and gave an invitation
to Admiral Jellicoe to come to the
party and bring: the whole high seas
fleet with him. Then he started for the
fice* ouivli at l>??v v 'wvarii'S uut,'
4
Prepare
r Been found Wanting
3 at the Battle of Monmoi
i Actress Who Entered 1
ederate Service Held C<
r 1.
MISS JEX3
Killed at battle of Get
of her term she re-enlisted with her
husband, and the two went with Burnside
to the south of Richmond. She
then donned the coast uniform and
served not only as color hearer, hut as
r.urse and daughter of the regiment.
Upon the battlefield she gathered
blankets from the dead to comfort the
wounded, and many a man in her company.
her husband among them, owed
his life to her careful nursing.
Even before the civil war Sarah Edmonds
of Maguadanick, Xew Brunswick.
adopted male attire and the name
"Frank Thompson." the better to ply
her avocation as a Bible agent through
the Canadian wilds. Crossing into
Michigan at the outbreak of the war.
she enlisted under the same name in
the "Flint Union Grays," shared the defeat
at Bull Run, escaped to Alexandria
and rejoined the Union forces at Yorktown.
Disguised as a contraband, she
crossed the enemy's lines, and after
having been forced by a southern officer
to wheel gravel for a breastwork,
escaped back to the federals with
much-needed information.
In the guise of a woman peddler she
jfore and
ted States Navy Interesi
tions?How the Mighty
E mployed?Marksmansl
Ml A V: -. " .
$*& %^&-****>"~z?SZ. im>--'-tV-:j2J?'/- " ' "J^&.ftittiM - T| Hir^l1 ..
I;~ I,ION,
SIR DAVID BKATTY'S FLAGS
ie ship survived the crushing drendnau;
(Photo by Underwood & Underwood.)
for what purpose he was not inquisitive.
As he had only heard about battle
cruisers, he might have supposed they
were talking a roundabout cruise for
another raid on the English coast.
? ?- n..??m,Kiv V? n H with him the
I-don (flagship), Tiger, Queen Elizabeth,
Princess Royal and possibly one or
more other battle cruisers, the larger
able to make thirty knots and carrying
each eight 13.5-inch guns, the older
ones carrying the same number of
pieces, but only of twelve-inch caliber.
Besides these were a number of the Warrior
class of 14,600 tons, and a relatively
large number of destroyers. As
far as can be learned or surmised, he
had neither submarines nor Zeppelins,
and either he did not have aeroplanes
or if he did they were of no value
either in scouting or fighting.
"This was the first British division
on that ririKzliner. overcast afternoon to
come into contact with the German
battle cruiser advance division, presumably
consisting: of the Seydlitz. Viktoria
Louise. Lutzgow, Moltke and Von
der Tann and possibly some others, all
nearly equal in size and speed to Realty's
fleet, but armed with lighter guns,
eleven and twelve inch, in the main battery.
They were perfectly informed by
their Zeppelins of the approach of the
cruisers and of what lay behind them.
"Although the superiority was with
the Teutons, they promptly withdrew,
adroitly steering a carefully rehearsed
course which led the Knglish, who pursue^
|?c I i in el i, on u line tet..'Cv>n
3d Wh
Since Molly Pitcher Tc
nth?Six Women Won C
the Secret Service?Worl
ommissions and Were C
VLzWHt
.-.< ' v '
flE WADE,
tyNburg, Pa.. July, 1SW.
did further spy service of value, but
not until twenty years after parting
with her old commander did she surprise
him with the unsuspected intelligence
that his gallant "Frank Thompson"
was a woman. Two years after
the war she married L. H. Seelye of La
Porte, Tex.
*
* *
In the spring of '62 Annie Lillybridge.
a sixteen-year-old girl, was
employed In a store in Detroit, where
she fell in love with a lieutenant of the
21st Michigan Infantry. Resolving to
share his danger, she purchased male
attire, enlisted in another company of
his regiment arid managed to keep her
secret from even the object of her affections.
She shared with him the dangers
and trials of the Kentucky campaign.
endured long marches and slept
on the ground w ithout a murmur. She
became a favorite in the regiment and
Col. Stephens frequently detailed her
as regimental clerk. When on picket
duty she received a severe wound in
During f*
ted in the Battle, Whicl
Warships of the English
hip of Both Sides Was
:
.
\ r;
V, . , A ?
HIP.
?ht Are of the battle of Skaggerak.
and the battleship fleet, of course, out
of sight. Fire was opened as soon as
the squadrons could distinguish each
other, the Germans allowing their enemy
to engage.
"Meantime three more battle cruisers
under Admiral Sir Horace Hood,
well known in Washington and a descendant
of the famous admiral of that
name, were coming at top speed with
the second cruiser division and appear
to have joined the advanced fleet not
long after action was begun, thus giving
to his side preponderance.
"But at the moment planned the German
battle fleet, perfectly informed by
radio of events, made its appearance
in the mist and the English battle
cruisers found themselves opposed to
a vastly superior dreadnaught force,
making a withdrawal to their supports
necessary. This was made the more
urgent by the large fleet of destroyers
which appeared suddenly In their
course.
"The turn?about sixteen points?was
executed by a head-of-the-column movement?that
is, the leading vessel turned
and each succeeding vessel followed in
her course. At that time the battle fleet,
at about 7.000 yards, opened with salvos
which at that distance were almost as
effective as anything which the heavier
British guns could return, and, picking
each cruiser as it turned, sank the Invincible
and the Indefatigable with almost
every soul aboard, including the
gallant Hood, the Queen Mary having
gone down before.
"But r :d, given to cruisers to keep
en Wai
?ok the Place of Her
)fficers' Commissions
k of Dr. Mary Walker,
jood Fighters. j
the arm and was sent to the hospital
at Louisville, where her secret was
discovered.
A Union captain arriving: at Louisville
in the spring of 1863 was accompanied
by a young soldier, "Frank Martin."
apparently about the age of seventeen.
He immediately attracted the
attention of the colonel, who detailed
him for duty at the barracks. A few
days later the startling fact that the
supposed young man was a woman became
established by a soldier reared
in her town. Born in Bristol, Tenn.,
ana educated ax The convent in v\ nceiing,
W. Va.. this young: Amazon had acquired
an excellent education and many
accomplishments. After leaving the
convent she enlisted in the 2d East
Tennessee Cavalry and accompanied the
Army of the Cumberland to Nashville.
In the heat of battle of Murfreesboro
she was severely wounded in the
shoulder. but fought, gallantly and
waded Stone river into Murfreesboro on
the memorable Sunday on which the
Union forces were driven hack.
"Charles Martin." when scarcely
more than thirteen, went to the front as
drummer boy of a Pennsylvania regiment.
and was a universal favorite with
the officers and men. Not until after
many months, when he was stricken
with fever and sent to a hospital in
Philadelphia, did it become known to
any one in the regiment that the fair
drummer boy was. in truth, a girl.
In these stirring times there was a
Brooklyn lass. who. like Joan of Arc. believed
she had been called by Providence
to go to the front and deliver her country
from peril. Her parents sent her to Michigan
that change of climate and scene
might cure her of her obsession, but she
succeeded in making her escape Going
to Detroit, she enlisted with a Michigan
regiment as a drummer boy and with the
Army of the Cumberland endured all the
hardships of march, camp and battle.
Her sex did not become known until the
battle of Lookout Mountain, when she received
a fatal wound.
*
* *
Near Chattanooga Col. Burke of the
10th Ohio Regiment exchanged a number
of prisoners with the Confederates. Among
the Union troops received was a particularly
handsome young soldier, "Frank
Henderson." It developed later that this
warrior was a girl, and that she and her
brother had enlisted together in the 11th
Illinois. The pair were orphans, and the
sister could not endure the thought of
being separated from the brother, who
had been her only companion from babyhood.
At the expiration of her enlistment
she next entered the 3d Illinois,
where her sex was not discovered, and in
which regiment she made a most excellent
record, being wounded in one engagement.
She was again discharged and sent
home, only to re-enlist in the 19th Illinois,
serving in all the battles of O'Mara's
regiment and finally being taken prisoner
at Holly Springs. She was then taken to
Atlanta, where, in attempting to escape,
she was shot in the leg, and even during
her convalescence in the prison hospital
her sex was not suspected. After recovering
she was sent to Graysville, where
she was exchanged and returned to her
Illinois home.
In the annals of war there cannot be
found a more romantic story than that of
Mary Owens of Danville, Pa. Resolving
to accompany her husband to the war
and share with him its hardships and
victories, she went to the recruiting office.
passed the examination and gave
the name "John Evans." Side by side
the devoted pair fought until a ball from
the enemy killed the husband. After he
had been buried the soldier wife again
took up her musket and marched with her
comrades until the next battle, when. In
her turn, she was felled by a bullet.
When she was discharged this indorsement
was written upon her papers: "A
more faithful soldier never shouldered a
lorth Sea !
h Was Fought Under
and Germans Came
; Good?Lessons for
them away from contact with dreadnaughts.
was now proving its value, and
the mists which had prevented the British
from seeing the dangers ahead now
befriended them as they disappeared from
sight.
"All this time the British main fleet of
more than sixty great battleships was on
its way to the party as fast as steam
could drive it. The first to arrive were
six of the Warspite class, which, with the
battle cruisers, again took up the battle
against the German fleet as it came into
sight, and the battle became general.
"The Warspite. which had her steering
gear put out. was struck twice by shell
and was torpedoed from a destroyer, a
submarine or a battleship. The Marlborough
was struck. The Warrior, Black
l'rince and the Defense were sunk and
destroyers were put out or tne ngnt.
"But the great-mouthed, long guns of
the English were not idle. This open
w^?'
w
?<? <??<
ViClii Ak>MiKAti skK DA^TD BEATTY,
Commanding the English battle erulser
squadron.
(Copyright by International News Service.)
fighting was. as in the days of old, to
their liking, and now the best of English
naval traditions were being upheld. Hit
after hit was counted, and now the German
battle fleet was being mauled. The
Rostock went down, the Pommern was
fought to a standstill and eventually
sunk. British destroyers in the approaching
darkness began to dash in.
"A little later the advanced ships of the
main fleet of Great Britain began to make
their delayed appearance, a cloud of destroyers
steaming ahead of them.
'"Hie German fleet had fought gallantly
and with skill, and now in good order, in
spite of the overwhelming force against
it. withdrew under cover of night, having
done all that it had attempted. As the
ships steamed away they threw behind
them floating mines and sent out their
destroyers for night attacks, which appear
to have brought no return. But they
were not to be unscathed from torpedoes
sent from British destroyers.
"The loss of the British is ^uite well
V
r THrea
i$i^||HspBMBH^
KADV BROV
In nrmy coi
musket " A few weeks after she had re- th
turned home there came to comfort her rh
a handsome ha by boy. re
Under the name "Frank Miller." Fran- mi
ees Hook, a Chicago girl of fourteen. Stenlisted
with her brother in the Both in
Illinois. They served three months, and ki
when mustered out enlisted in the 19th gr
Illinois. After the brother was killed jo
at Pittsburg- landing- the devoted sis- H(
ter remained in the regiment and did
her duty until taken prisoner at the
battle near Chattanooga. While at- <
tempting to escape she was shot f.
through the leg. the wound disabling
her for further service. ot
* T1
* * fo
There Is a record also of Fannie Wil- pi
son, who enlisted in the 24th New Jer- e\
sey that she might serve therein with *ri
her sweetheart. He failed to recognize
her, although she saw him every day. sh
The regiment fought through the first w
campaign in western Virginia, the girl 1
soldier carrying herself valiantly, but fie
when ttfe command was before Vicks- m
burg her lover was wounded, and. with- ?
out revealing her sex, Miss Wilson In
nursed hire. She did not make herself PO
known to him until just before he died. w
Falling ill as soon as he had been st
buried, she was sent, with a number of
sick and wounded, to Cairo. 111., where
her sex was revealed. Upon her recovery
she was dismissed'from the service.
Now being thrown upon her own w
resources in Cairo, she served as a bal- Ki
let girl, but soon went to Memphis and gj.
enlisted again, this time in a cavalry
regiment, the 3d Illinois, with which <h
she fought until arrested as a woman th
spy in man'B clothing. Upon establish- iij
ing her innocence she was provided w
with woman's clothes and sent back Oi
north.
No amazon of the civil war was more ve
plucky than Bridget Divers, who, with er
Naval Eng
_ fet
1 e v
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i mc
Th
tic
bk
sei
MW b.
-ikmt pr
"'W.' > rip
c e j
Ptr
% II MiMiMr v l',f
A^&r \k
A w
tor
H^^^H^nKn^^9ttMv ca 1
WHB^g^fcB^^^Mjl pe?
L ? ? no
. -J th(
sul
ADMIRAL SIR JOHN JELLirOE, j^.
In Kuprrme commnnd of the British tlx
North aea naval force*. HI* arrival he;
cle
with the drendnniiglit fleet retrieved
the daj for England. wo
(Photo by TTiiderwood & T"n?lerwood.)
sue
known and probably does not exceed ha;
the admissions of the admiralty?three po1
batt.e cruisers, three second-class \u
cruisers and eight destroyers sunk; to
with others, the Warspite and Marlborough
crippled. th<
"The Germans admit the loss of one ah
battleship, the Pommern, (said by them si<l
to be an old second-class ship, claimed Th
by the English to be the Pommern po
ersatz, a new first-class ship, bearing Th
the same name), four smaller cruisers wi
and five torpedo boats. The English to
claim that another battle cruiser and a cai
battleship were torpedoed and sunk, wi
Most likely they were torpedoed, but lo.>
being near their base reached harbor in frr
safety. Doubtless, several German ships, an
if not sunk, were so badly injured that da
they will be under repairs for several sul
months.
* to
* * eel
"The loss of life on the English ships >vh
be
cannot be less than 5,000 of her best
officers and men; that of the Teutons pla
probably 3,000, and many more if the
two capital ships, the Seydlitz and the wj.
great dreadnaught Hinderiburg. claim- th<J
ed by the English to have been tor- 0(j
pedoed. went down. ov<
"While nothing can exceed the su- <ijf]
perb way in which the ships. <>f the fjjs
British were handled, the quality of ma
their, gunnery and the gallantry with
which they battled against odds, it ,-8
nluin fliot Hprm 51 n was r
from the military point of view, di- oiti
rected more skilfully, and, strange to pe
say, took the measure of the personal ror
equation, for they so maneuvered with Rn
an inferior force that they induced the ma
English to battle against the odds. an<
"Admiral Jellicoe, in a general order by
to the fleet, says that officers and men it 1
lived up to the best traditions of the ma
navy. Had they done less than that the
and quit when the cruisers found themselves
against the whole German fleet, eve
they would have suffered a severe de- hot
feat; hut as it was they in part or req
wholly equalized the losses, saved pres- nee
Lige and have, doubtless, convinced the tfv<
Serman leaders of what they must shii
hav? known, that they cannot over- bal.
come the English high seas fleet of tioi
dread naughts. loss
"The sea power has not been trans- nei
? *
itened
?J
l\ELL,
itume.
e 1st Michigan. served variously as
aplain. vivandiere. daughter of the
giment, nurse, hosnital steward, ward
aster, and sometimes as surgeon,
taring all the dangers of the brigade
the field, she had several horses
lied under her. She slept on the
otind like a soldier, and after the war
ined a detachment that crossed the
>ckies for the Indian service.
*
* *
r>ne of the few women pensioned by
e government for civil war service
her than nursing was Mrs. Sarah E.
inmpson, a Tennessean, who led a
rce of Union cavalry to the hiding
ace of Gen. John T. Morgan upon the
e of his death in battle. It was the
ony of fate that after performing
ich perilous service unscathed Mrs.
lompson, a generation after the war.
iould be killed by a street car in
ashington. She was employed as a
erk in the Treasury.
Many who have visited the battle ld
of Gettysburg have viewed the
onument erected to that battle's one
oman victim, Jennie Wade, who was
lied there July 3, not while fighting,
it while baking bread for the Union
Id ifTK
Even in the little brush with Spain
ft find a Yankee girl winning her
raps. This was Anita Newcomb Mrie.
a young: Washington physician.
lUghter of the great astronomer,
mon Newcomb, and wife of the
ithropologist. W J McGee After
ar had been declared President Moinley
commissioned her^as acting aslant
surgeon, with the rank of first
>utenant. and she was placed in
arge of the Army Nurse Corps. In
e Russo-Japanese war she held sim\r
rank in the army of the mikado
ho conferred upon her the Imperial
"der of the Sacred Crown.
Preparedness was a watchword as
?t uncoined in the day of these womi.
But they were ready.
agement
-red. and a similar battle fought
ery day in the week would not trans
it. Nothing but a loss of men and
>nev has been the immediate result.
e moral effect upon the German na>n
has been good, but the grip of the
>ckading fleet is tighter than before.
The Germans accomplished what
fty did by following the eternal prin>le
of successful strategy?so prenting
their forces as to have the
eater power at the point of contact,
e English retrieved the day by resing
to be beaten and fighting until
ft arrival of their main fleet shifted
ft power, when the Germans, in med
by their air scouts of the apoaeh
of superior numbers, did the
fht. military thing and refused to acid
battle with a superior force.
'Every possible instrument of demotion
known to mankind was em>yed.
The backbone of the fighting
e was. as all sailormen knew, the
ftadnaughts. They went whither they
iti M ?. i /I t h ai*A H'nn nnt h in nr l.nt h Ac _
'"I'l, ui.'l IJI* I C V> t\ UU<- IIVCf?
dreadnaughts that could stop them,
ey were in more or less danger from
pedoes, hut the experience of the
arspite and probably the Marlborgh
and several German ships indites
that an up-to-date dreadnaught
a stand hits from on? or more torfloes.
'The battle cruisers fought in a way
t intended by their designers, and
Hr unfitness for close work as a
Institute for battleships was shown
all who thought the day of the
ivily armored ship was over. But
? need of them as a fast wing in
ading off a line in battle is equally
ar, to say nothing of their use in
itant expeditions and in scouting
rk.
The slow or lightly armored cruiser,
h as the 1". S. S. Sacramento class,
5 no place in the line. The battery
iver amounts to little; they are too
Inerable to stand fire, and too slow
get out of the way.
Destroyers on both sides covered
?mselves with glory, the English
nost to a certainty inflicting conlerable
damage in the night fighting,
ey greatly outnumbered their opnents
and excel tbem in speed,
ese swift, low, smokeless craft, filled
th machinery and torpedoes, respond
the aggressiveness of the men they
rry. and when they attack in shoals
th the certainty that some will be
it. with each crew striving to be in
int. where the exposure is greatest,
y ship within 10,000 yards is in
nger. Nothing is known of ifhat the
( marines accomplished.
The gunnery on both sides seems
have been, all things' considered, exlent.
In the excitement of battle,
en under fire, such scores cannot
e'xfcected as at target practice. The
i was smooth, affording a good gun
tform: the light was not clear, so
it neither side had much advantage
that respect, but the mist interfered
th both sides, at times shutting out
1 targets compieieiy. 1 nis prevention
ng at long distances, rarely
?r 7,000 yards, hut increased the
liculty of finding the range. At that
tance a miss in direction is seldom
de.
The obvious lesson to this country
that, had the entire navy of the
ited States been substituted for
her of the opponents it would have
n defeated, not ignominiously but
npletely. If put in the place of
gland* fleet it would have been outneuvered
for lack of battle cruisers
1 would have been pounded to pieces
the superior line of battleships. If
tad been in the position of the Get -'
n fleet the result would have been
same.
Phe Naval War College has. howtaught
our officers many lesions
h in maneuvers and in the military
uirements. Congress knows the
ds and the House of Representees
has passed a bill adding many
ps, including five battle cruisers. io
ance the fleet, but the entire add1
hardly equals the total admitted
? in the'fight off Skaggerak?and
ther side admits a crippling loss/'.