Evening star. [volume], January 07, 1922, Page 3, Image 3

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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BAN ON POISON GASES
PROPOSED TO NATIONS
i r
Following: the sixteenth meeting of
the committee on limitation of arma
ment yesterday morning tbo following
?tatement was Issued:
The sixteenth meeting of the com
mittee on limitation of armament
vaa held this morning, January 6.
1S22, at 11 o'clock, in the Pan-American
building. After discussion the fol
lowing resolution, presented by Mr.
Root, regarding submarines, was
unanimously adopted:
"The signatory powers, desAring to
Insure the enforcement of the humane
rules of existing law declared by
them with respect to attacks upon
and the seizure and destruction of
merchant ships, further declare that
any person in the service of any
power who shall violate any of those
rules, whether or not such person is
under orders of a governmental
superior, shall be deemed to have
violated the laws of war and shall be
liable to trial and punishment as if
for an act of piracy and may be
brought to trial before the civil or
mtlitary authorities of any power within
the Jurisdiction of which he may be
found.
Brings 1'p Chemical Warfare.
The chairman (Mr. Hughes) said
that he now desired to bring to the
attention of the committee the
question of the use of gases, or what
had been called chemical warfare.
The committee would recall that a
subcommittee, composed of members
representing the Ave powers, had
been appointed to eonfeider this ?ques
tion. He was advised that this com
mittee agreed?their memorandum
states "more or less unanimously1
on certain points. He would read
their memorandum, stating the points
thus agreed upon:
"The committee agreed more or less
SPECIAL NOTICES.
?Fmb'^NNUAI. MEETING of stockholm
.rs of the Norfolk and Washington, D. C..
Steamboat Company for the ejection of dj:
re, tors for the ensuing year and any
that may legally corn* before it, will t>e neiu
at the general office of the company.
street wharves. Washington. !}? ???
V^hrnarv 9. 1022. 12 uoon sharp. rransrer
books will l?e closed from January 31 to Feb
ruary 9. iaj2'LEvia"wOODBURY. President. J
ODELL S. SMITH. Secretary. I
THbTSRVEL VACUUM CIJ5ANSR: NON
electric ? no cords; easy to operate; erf til
' auction. Phono Franklin 2362 and
will call in auto and demonatrate. Showroom,
401 G n.w. -? ..
THE AMERICAN SECURITY AND TR^ST
Company of tin- Pistr'ot of t olumbla, trustee
under a deed of trust, dated February 15.
iiuw made by the Metropolitan Club of the
J.ufof Washington. District of Columbiai. por
suant to the provisions thereof, as "'?ted in
said Instrument in counet t on with the ? n
ing fund. Ins drawn f?r redemption at the or
*ifp of the trustee on February lo. 19--, nonas
pumbered 8. J3. -T3 and ?o r>r one thousand
dollars (?1.<?*? each, and 34# andI 883 for live
hundred dollars l$olK? each, secured by said
<;eed of trust. Tlie Isolds enumerated herein
are called for the purpose of the "Vi'l .'V'ase on
and the interest on said bonds will eease
the 15th day of February, A.D. 1921.
AMERICAN security AND T**kST COM
PANY. By CORCORAN THOSi. Vice Presl
Attest: MARTI NR. WEST, Aast Secretary.
BfMUTUAL AGREEMENT MR. JTcTHABD
in* has purchased the outstanding "tock.inter
est and good wilt of Tubervllle * Harding.
Inc., and assuming all its obligations and
d<">l'r Harding will continue to conduct the
business formerly owned by the cor}?!?t!?"d?!
the same address as of January 1. 1823. under
the name of J. C. Harding A Company
Mr Tuberville will be engaged In the gen
eral electrical business at
U"d'r "" "T C'fl TURFRtlU^?'
J. C. HARDING. 8* i
WANTED?A VAN LOAD OF FURNITURE TO
?w York city, Jan. 10th; Richmond,
J*THE"m"4 TRANSFER COMPANT INC..
1125 14th st. n.w. Main -159.
rwJljTNWBE responsible FOR DEBTS
contracted bv any one other than myself. ? M.
K TIPI'ETT. O st. n.e. T_
YOU REMEMBER ME!
John Hodges, the Bookbinder,
1011 E Street N.W.
Ground Floor!
Bookbinding has not advanced In price and
bow Is the tlmo to hare it done. Brinf In
yon* old books and have them bound.
ALL
LUMP
COAL
$10.25 per ton.
Mt. Pleasant Coal Co.
?128 14th. Phone Col. 848. -
s New Roof With a Brush
Vmen yon use Liquid Asbestos Roofing Cement.
I will apply same and guarantee roof Ave
years from all leaks. Also sold in bulk. Tin
2S!g. Gutter, and Spouts. Prompt setjlce.
Madison Clark. 1814 Pa. are i.e. Line. 4219.
Have Perfect Floors
New Boors laid, surfaced and finished; old
floors resurfaced by machine, saving you time
"d " Quality Floor Co.,
1817 H at. n.w. Tel. Main 884. *
Tin Roofs?Slag Roofs
REPAIRED AND PAINTED.
Call Main 760.
Grafton&SonJnc., Tr* wds. M*n7?o.
-Heating and Roofing Bxpert._35Ye.rs
?means more out of lire
for you?greater comfort,
less pessimism, improved
health. For RIGHT
CLASSES consult.
IMPROVED
EYESIGHT
lltliAD^riO Wiwuis.
Formerly Cor^gth ,^F_f.rJ?Y.ar^__
Making Big Inroads
Tji- j. I ?Into that last shipment of
Ulinas | BEAVEB BOARD. Better or
in Stock I der quick to get the benefit of
Sizes 1 Present advantageoua prices.
Geo. M. Barker Co., Inc.
V ave.: 1517 7th. Tel. M. U4S.
Care of the Eyes Is
Is easy to picture the result of seglect
WYfnyohu suffer0Vmm??headschea. nausea,
dliiM?. etc.. It may be from yo?r eyes.
Have na examine them.
Kinsman Optical Co.
705 14th Street N.W.
We Wril Furnish Stock,
The Duplicating Office
pt^avV .-W Pl^e Mala 8271. _
Combat Competition
With Good Printing
HIGH PR1CED
fTHE SERVICE SHOPkiktbjw
BYRON S. ADAMS, B12 nth at.
Roof Damaged?
Call Ferguson at once?will atop the
leaks. Estimates gratia.
r. K. FERGUSON, Inc.
g^?Kn?rh al 28X
' Better Printing Service
Means Better Business
Consult
The National Capital Press
?A1A 1019 n at. H.W
1210-1212 D st. I'jsr
""THIS" OR 10 IN At, BIGOa. '
It doean't take long for
aa to turn old ateam and
hot-water plants Into eIn
dent heaters. Aak ue for
eatlmatea. Prleea on Heat
ing and Plumbing work
?re Reasonable.
Heating
Plants
Of all kinds.
modernized
-Without
Inconvenience. - ?
The Biggs Engineering* Co.,
Tel. Frank. 31T.
WARREN W BIGGS. President.
Yes, Mr. Motorist, We
Have Windshield Glass.
mSnn?t. PBICE8 BIGHT, to be aure.
prwi ResHrer Mirrors.
Becker Paint and Glass Co*
aa- ?.
unanimously on the following points:
(a) Chemical warfare gases have
such power against unprepared armies
that no nation dare vi.sk entering into
an agreement which an unscrupulous
enemy might break if he found his
opponents unprepared to use gases both
offensively and defensively.
Since many high explosives
produce warfare gases or gases which
are the same in their effects on men,
i a*tempt to forbid the use of war
fare gases would cause misunderstand
ing s at once in war?that is, one or
both sides would in the first battle
IrvP J11?? dead or injured from gas.
Tne doubt would at once arise whether
gas is actually being used as such, or
weather the casualties were due to
nigh explosive gases. This could be
made the excuse to launch a heavy at
tack with warfare gases in every form
<c> Research which may discover
additional warfare gases cannot be pro
hibited, restricted or supervised.
(d) Due to the increasing large
peace-time use of several warfare
gases, it is impossible to restrict the
manufacture of any particular gas or
jrases. Some of the delegates thought
imi. ??Der ?w;s ni|8ht limit the quan
* if J ctT,ain irases to be manu
majority opinion was
prohibition6 practlcabillty even such
Poaslble to Confine Action.
V- j? possible to confine the
1 time as hilh warfare gases the
same as high explosives and other
means of carrying- on war. The lan
^tlais<>?? ih'P 'I'8 connec?ion was that
cultv?hi' ,v"h 8reater diffl
^ this Q"?*tion, as in the case
Sen (K) fo"owlnK. it was ev "
of the threl"0n Ktithe rePresen'atives
! chemical *Effi? ? ~
namely, the United States. Creat
I SPECIAL NOTICES.
I b^y^aSSPgS,J?* tIib-Stock.
I he held at the offl-??'Ming Company will
U)PI8 BETERMJrM ?*??!? Pre,ld"t'
Mr,n>SIShHnH' ??UJA8 fBMPLETNOBiSTrP
.r.
Win kT. I , ?5 directors and other business
will be held at the office of the comma? iin
10- ?? n?on^rE5NE8i>A"-???^ it
Wl" ^ Cl08,!<l
-iijSnmS?Vc'r P"*Me?t
Th. ,NOTI,CE T0 STOCKHOLDERS
UwfaX"com 1VP ?? " buXlS* STSS
term.^v/A2,e<,,cl<*k d??? 2
I ? HARRY q. MEEM Treasurer
SSr smswc
T . , In??r?nce Company of the
in- ?#* Columbia, for the purpose of elect
1 sufng Tear kTV.1; ,'"m,or the en
?BM.B3 ????
?Si??"S:r January 'ST1!#" b2h
retarr. Cll"'Ve* CE0RGE ? McELWKE. s?c
TOE ANNUAL MEETING OK THE SHARE
WuhtaM i American National Bnnk of
at it. ifL-Si' ??hlnjton. D. C-. will be held
?t Ita banking house. lSlu-1317 F at n w on
!?' ln22' from W noon until
ensiiinv J ' ettlon nf director, for the
SuSmL a?m? ,he ,???*cMon of such other
Dusineaa a, may come before aald meeting.
? _ -? W. J. WALLER. Caahler.
i C ij annual meeting of THE SHARK
Kf?. ?f(.t"1!.?L>fP*r',men"1 win be
D C . llou,e ,n Washington,
r;', on Tuesday, January io, 1922, at 12
I o clock noon, for the election of directors for
t88|>wnrUnnn y?*r and for 8nch otfcer business
as may P">perlysaid meeting.
U A. ROBAFY 8^?Zt^
tenH?" *AN' TOL"NO LAi'X. YOUR AT
tention. For a net coat of $57.10 per annum
Zr lnTLZZI'hf ,"? l'y p*Jln* ,10? |,er m'?'h
or Hlneas. and *To.<S? ntml oTliwitS'l
sS'Si '? " ?" wonderful?
? , GEO. C. DONOHOE.
Jordan building. 1801 Oat. n.w. ?
CLAIMS AGAINST MAX Gf)0)RERGZ
?MP*1*"*?
COLUMBIA NATIONAL BANK] WA8HING*
c- December 10, 1921. The annual
meeting' of the shareholders, for the election
of a board of directors, will be held at the
banking house on Tuesday. January 10 19??
from noon till one o'clock in the afternoon'
CLARENCE CORSON. Cash???
THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE STOCK
?kI .iLh th% H2?rm? BukIdinff Association for
^ of of6ctr9 an<i directors and such
ft wni 21ni2Si ?U7 Lroperlj come before
itwill be held at the office of the treasurer,
211KSS p"me: ? TnMd?'-"??
JAMES M. WOODWARD.
? Secret, r,.
' J'ILL ,NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANT
GE^VE^ri^inr'n.^ by ??**%.?
THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE STOCK-1
tbenf?J5mb!* <;ranite and Dredging 1
CorporaMon will be held at its office in Alex-1
andria, Va., on Thursday, January 19. 1922, at
1?. t clock noon, for the purpose of electing!
ai?SiOI^f ?Lhb h eyear and the trans-1
Kfi? aald meetlnff " m*y con">
J. H. BRADLEY, President. '
G. A. BONNET. Secretary |
Y0J. FOR YOUR MONEY,
MAIvE it work for you.
THE HOME BUILDING ASSOCIATION 1
or:? . (Organised in 1R83(
>Will put your funds to work and they will
filJS at ieast 59c. A new series opens in Jan
Lh^'+ ifayt^nta Jrom a mnuth up> ^sJt
about it. \*m. T. Galliher. Pres ron w
Vloe Pre, ,. Panf'smY,'^- Vlcfpr^'
j??. dR,^?H
1920-S st. n.w. Phone North 9604. jm ' j
X#SIS5.- \8 HIiRBBY GIVEN of THE IV- i
trS'h
"? j' a charter of a corpora tion th?
proposed name of which is MerSSitJi Rank
and Truat Company. Ita charactetand obfect
is to carry on a safe denostt i!. J i
mortgage business. The pror>osed oornnrn
are Peter A Drury, Peter^.^^TSff^
J. Keane, Frank P. Harman ii? Roi??J
H Keane. WIHiam"Hen^ Wh|?^
John Zanier, Vincent L. Toomev John Wnki/
J. Ernest Mitchell. Harry R Carroll On.tL?
Bnchholi. Ernest E. Herrell, Joseph A- lirtl?,
ich, John R. Waller. Wade H. Ellis AhniVn
Ferguson. J. Castle Ridgway bw K Ihiiw
Joseph A. Rafferty. E. W. Popklna 8 A Kim"
berly. Barry Bnlkley and Joieph A B,irkaS"
WILLIAM HENRY WHITE
j.t-<twkfor3wkaAtt?raeT f?r Inc0rpor?tor,.
8PECIAU.T CONDUCTED FOURTEEN-DAT
AS PROVIDED BT IHE^BT-LAW8 "iHK
fS^V.in,S.?tln.* 2f ,he ?hareholdera of the Con
K r^1" Company will be Meld at tli
sj'Wrt s*sr1:30 to 2:30
M. J. WINFREB a..-...
GRA.VD AND UPRIGHT PIAN08~F(VB~p5ot
? YxiH rrfaSffi
and Emerson pianos. CD * uartl
NOTICE IS HEkkby GIVEN TOATTrnF^rw
nnal meeting of the atoekholdera of the Canttai"
5S25^SE,S.',c ,he elef??" <" ? 0
or directors for the ensuing year and the trmI
*"fh other btnlnesais m.i?Bi
o^?tf^cp^,^h^,dbsfh^ ;*j
S"l,^,0.nt- l?:?^c^k1TSRSDAY- 1
u?^U,^r""Ji"n?nOI*,1 tnm M 0>d?k
H- P. ORAMPTOV a tnrT
ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING BY EXPE
s;Mr.r?.r ?t.nt.r aS
WANTED?TOCARRY A VANLOAD OF Jm.
h?Jr -?aM!?
RCX)FS REPAIRED
"feJ '?
IRONCLAD^:!;.'""
? ' . t-nOTH
The Shade Shop
W. 8TOKES SAMMONS;
Main 14.
830 13th Sfft
Better Made Window Shades
at Factory Price's.
Asks hate's Ruling
To Hold Child for
Bill's Collateral
ROME, Ga* J a mm* ry T. One '
?( the mailt unaul lawsuits
ever III Ml In the coarta of thll.
section kas appeared la Ckat
toojra county, when a boitrllif
*ouae keeper uM au.borlty
for koldlny a baby aa collateral
for a bill dae by the father.
The complalnunt rhargei that
the father promised the land
lady that ake could keep tke
child aaltl kla bill waa paid,
aad tkat now ke la attempting
to recover It, kenee like seeks
Injunction naralnst klm. rhe
parent, of tke ckild are di
vorced.
Britain and France, there was lesa
doubt as to the ability to confine these
gases than among the Japanese and
Italians, who know less about them.
(f) The kinds of gases and their
effects on human beings cannot be
taken as a basis for limitation. In
other words, the committee felt that
the only limitation practicable is to
wholly prohibit the uses of gases
against cities and other large bodies
of non-combatants in the same man
ner as high explosives may be limit
en, but that there could be no limi
tation on their use against the armed
lorces of the enemy, ashore or afloat.
"<g) The committee was divided on
the question as to whether or not
warfare gases form a method Of war
fare similar to other methods such
as shrapnel, machine guns, rifle
bayonet, high explosives, airplane
bombs, hand grenades and similar
older methods. In this, as In (e)
and (f). the United States, Great
Britain and French members (five in
number), who know gas, were em
phatic that chemical warfare gases
form a method of waging war similar
to the older forms."
Submits Advisory Report.
The chairman then said that he
desired to read, on behalf of the
American delegation. the report
adopted by the advisory committee
of the American delegation, to the
constitution of which he had already
referred. This report had been '
adopted by the advisory committee
upon the recommendation of Its sub
committee which had dealt with new
agencies of warfare. The report was
as follows:
The committee (of.the advisory com
mittee) on new agencies of warfare
having had a number of meetings, one
conjointly with tho committee (of
the advisory committee) on land ar
mament, has the honor to report that1
it has given careful consideration to
the subject referred to it. Chemical
warfare, which is the scientific term
to cover use of gases in all of their
forms, reached very Important and
significant phases during the world
war. The surprise of the first gas
attack on the British forces at Ypres
shocked the civilised world, but its
military effectiveness caused the al
lied governments at once to take
measures not only of protection
against gas attacks, but also of of
fensive action. In consequence, at the
close of the war, the use of poison
gases, not only temporarily injurious
but of a toxic character, became uni
versal.
The committee has found on con
sultation with experts and reference
to scientific study of the subject that
there are arguments in favor of the 1
use of gas which ought to be consid- j
!ered.
Consequences Stagger Imagination. I
The proportion A deatha from their
use when not of a toxic character is
much less than from the use of other
weapons of warfare. On the other
hand, the committee feels that there
can be no actual restraint of the use
by combatants of this new agency of
warfare, if it is permitted in any guise.
The frightful consequences of the use
of toxic gases if dropped from air
planes on cities stagger the imagina
tion. No military necessity ^in ex
cuse or extenuate such events as were
of frequent occurrence during the re
cent war. when bombs were dropped
on undefended and thickly populated
cities, towns and villages for no other
purpose apparently than to demoral
ize the population. If lethal gases
were used in such bombs It might
well be that such permanent .-.id
serious damage would be done, not
only of a material character, but in
the depopulation of large sections of
the country, as to threaten. If not de
stroy, all that has been gained during
the painful centuries of the past.
The committee is of opinion that the
conscience of the American people
has been profoundly shocked by the
savage use of scientific discoveries
for destruction rather than for con- i
str.uctlon.
Ckance to Compare Views.
The meeting of the conference on
the limitation of armament in the
city of Washington affords a pecu
liarly advantageous opportunity for J
I comparison of views on all questions
| bearing on the subject. Whatever j
may be the arguments of technical
experts, the committee feels that the
American representatives would not
be doing their duty In expressing the
conscience of the American people
were they to falV in Insisting upon
the total abolition of chemical war
fare. whether in the army or the
navy, whether against combatant or
non-combatant. Should the United
States assume this position. It would
be no evidence of weakness, but of
magnanimity. Probably no nation is
better equipped by reason of scien
tific knowledge among its technicians
and by means of Its material re
sources to use chemical warfare ef
fectively. This committee, therefore,
submits the following resolution for
adoption by the advisory board and
to be communicated to the American
delegates to the conference on the
limitation of armament:
Resolved. That chemical warfare, in
cluding the use of gases, whether
toxic or non-toxic, should be pro
hibited by international agreement
and should be classed with such un
fair methods of warfare, as poison
ing wells, introducing germs of dis
ease and other methods that are ab
horrent in modern warfare.
The chairman observed that the
foregoing resolution, as he had said,
was submitted to the advisory com
mittee of the American delegation by
Its subcommittee, and, he .was advis
ed. was unanimously adopted by the
advisory committee.
The committee would observe that
in this report reference was made to
the fact that the subcommittee report
ing had held a meeting jointly with
a committee of the advisory commit
tee which dealt with the subject of
land armament. He had been fur
nished by the advisory committee
with a copy of the report of Its sub
committee on land armament, this re
port having been unanimously adopt
ed by the advisory committee. It con
tained the following recommendation
with regard to chemical warfare:
"Chemical warfare should be abol
ished among nations, as abhorrent to
civilization. It is a cruel, unfair and
improper use of science. It is fraught
with the gravest danger to non-com
batants and demoralizes the better
instincts of humanity."
The chairman pointed out that this
report was signed by Gen. John J.
Pershing, as chairman of the subcom
mittee of land armament of the ad
visory committee, and it had been
adopted by the advisory committee.
Continuing, the chairman said that
in view of the reference to a differ
ence of opinion among experts, atld
especially in view of the statement
contained in the findings of the sub
committee of this committee of. the
conference, he desired to read, for the
information of this committee, a re
port by the general board of the
United States Navy upon this question
of the prohibition of gas warfare.
This report had been submitted to the
American delegates:
"Question: Should gas warfare be
prohibited?
"Answer: Tes.
Would Give Up Advantage.
"Comment: The United States would
undoubtedly give up a material ad
vantage if gas warfare were abolish
ed. The resources and scientific de
velopment of this, country place it
In the front rank of nations in the
ability to wage efficient gas warfare
and insure an adequate supply of spe
cial gases. Nevertheless, Its aboli
tion would be popular in this coun
try, even though its effectiveness as
a weapon in war has been clearly
proved when employed under special
conditions.
"a. The tendency -ot role* of modern
SAYS ARMS CONFERENCE !
REVEALS NATIONS' SOULS
Babbl Simon, in Address, 8ms Seed
Sowfa. "Which Is Bound
to Flower."
Souls of nations have been revealed
as though by an X-ray process through
the activities of the conference on limi
tation of armament. Rabbi Abram Simon
stated In an address yesterday before
the forum of the National Council for
Limitation of Armaments, at 812 17th
street
'Ths conference." he said, "has
strengthened the bond between the
United States and England, and with
England and the nations that stand
with her,: rests the peace of the world.
It has led to the recognition of the
right of each nation to develop, ac
cording to its nature.
"The conference with its high pur
pose has entered Into' the hearts and
souls of the children of this nation
and has left a seed Which Is bound to
flower. , -
"The struggle of men to rW the world
of war has been dramatised and made
real to our children. We must con
tinue to develop this Interest which
has been arouaed until American boys
and girls become the natural protago
nists of peace."
warfare Is toward restraint in th.e
employment of weapons that pro
duce unnecessary f tKe ait
tations in the employment of the <u
ferent weapons havethatuend .
The dum-dum bullet and the exp
slve bullet are well
Following this general principle, gaS
es which produce unnecessary suiter
in* should be prohibited. _._nii,r
"S. ? Gas Warfare has a
quality different from any method
heretofore employed, in that thuug
directed toward a ,p? Sinited to
its destructive effect "ot
that target. but passes beyond control
of the belligerent agent and may In
volve a sacrifice of innoc?nt<,llYhf?
a wide area. On account ? ? P
cullarity the use of gas which causes
death is objectionable because not
only the combatant is killed, a per
feetly legitimate target. but m*ny
non-combatants may also
and these Innocent persons may de
liberately be made the objectsi of^gas
attack by unscrupulous belligerents.
Lethal gases should therefore be pro
hibited. .
Twe Principles Already Accepted.
"4. The* two principles in warfare.
(1) that unnecessary suffering In the
destruction of combatants should be
avoided, (2) that innocent non-com
batants should not be destroyed, bave
been accepted by the civilised worJ^
for more than 100 years. The "8f
liases in warfare in so far as they
violate these two principles Is
universally condemned today, despite
its practice for a certain period dur
ing the world war.
"5 Certain gases?for example, tear
gas?could be used without violating
the two principles above cited. Other
gases will, no doubt, be Invented
which could be so employed; but there
will be great difficulty in a clear and
definite demarcation between the
lethal gases and those which "produce
unnecessary suffering as distinguish
ed from those gases which simply
disable temporarily. Among the Bases
existing today there is undoubtedly a
difference of opinion as to which class
certain gases belong. Moreover, the
diffusion of all these gases Is practi
cally beyond control, and many Inno
cent non-combatants would share in
the suffering of the war, even If the
result did not produce death or per
manent disability.
Great DIBralty Foreseen.
"8 The general board foresees
great difficulty in clearly limiting
gases so as to avoid unnecessary suf
fering in gas .warfare and In en
forcing rules which will avert suffer
ing or the possible destruction of In
nocent lives of non-combatants, In
cluding women and children. Gas war
fare threatens to become so efficient
as to endanger the very existence of
civilization.
"7. The general board believes It
to be sound policy to prohibit gas
warfare In every form and against
every objective, and so recommends.
(Signed) "W. h. RODGERS."
The chairman thought it wae hardly
necessary to add anything to these
comprehensive statements with re
spect to the -use of gases in warfare.
He said that, despite the conclusions
reached by the subcommittee of this
committee and set forth in the report
which we had read, the American
delegation, in the light of the advice
of Its advisory committee and the con
currence In that advice of Gen. Per
shing. the head of the American land
forces, and of the specific recom
mendation of the general board of the
Navy, felt that It should present the
recommendation that the use of as
phyxiating or poison gas be abso
lutely prohibited. He would ask Mr.
Root to present the resolution.
Asked to Prepare Resolution.
Mr. Root said that the dhatrman had
asked him to prepare this resolu
tion, pursuant to the recommendation
of those military and naval authori
ties and advisory committees to
which the American delegation was
bound to pay the highest respect.
There was an expression on this sub
ject which presented the most ex
traordinary consensus of opinion that
one could well find upon an Interna
tional subject. He had drafted the
resolution which he would present
In a moment In the language of the
treaty of Versailles, which was sub
scribed to by four of the Ave powers
here and was appropriated and taken
over by the United States and Ger
many in the treaty concluded be
tween them on the 25th of August
last, and was repeated In the treaty
of St. Germain, between the same
powers and Austria, and again in
the treaty of Neuilly of the same
powers with Bulgaria, and again In
the treaty of the Trianon with
Hungary, and taken over and homolo
gated by the United States in Its
treaty with Austria and its treaty
with Hungary, and repeated again in
the treaty of Sevres. He read from
article 171 of the treaty of Versailles,
which says: , ,
"The use of asphyxiating, poison
ous or other gases and all analogous
liquids, materials or devices being
prohibited, their manufacture and
importation are strictly forbidden in
Germany. The same applies to ma
terials specially Intended for the
manufacture, storage and use of the
said products or devices.' . , "
That declaration of prohibition
against the use of poisonous gases
he understood to be a statement of
the previous rules which had been
adopted covering the history of The
Hague conferences; and without un
dertaking to question or to inquire
into It, It stood as a declaration of
all the countries here represented
that that is prohibited. And accord
ingly, following the language of the
treaty, the language which all had
adopted, he would present the reso
1U*The use in war of asphyxiating,
poisonous or analogous liquids or ma
terials or devices having been Justly
??J5'mne(l by the general opinion of
SftfvHUed world and a prohibition
of such use having been declared in
treaties to which a fnajorlty of the
civilised powers are parties.
"Now to the end that this prohibi
tion shall be universally accepted as
a part of international law binding
alike the conscience and practice of
nations, the signatory powers declare
their assent to such prohibition,
azree to be bound thereby between
themselves and invite, all other civil
ised nations to adhere thereto.
in these various treaties there were,
Mr Root thought, between thirty and
~ " ??rs which had assented to
th?^tatementiT of the prohibition of
ihSs^2?t!ce?. so that there was not
much further to go in securing that
general consent wlilch changes a rule
^CaT^Schanse'r^id that it was
?. deep feeling of satisfaction
that the Italian delegation welcomed
statements made by the chair
JJ? The Italian representative In
the subcommittee had had the honor
helng the first to propose the aboll
tinn of poisonous gases as weapons
nf warfare Therefore, he coulT only
S.^JSlv Indorse the American pro
posal Vhich, if accepted?and thl*
E??.?id no dqubt. be the ease?would
institute one of the greatest claims
to honor of the conference and a real
step ln the path of progress and ctvll
^The^ommlttee then adjouraed until
January 7. 1??*. *t 11 o'clock a-m.
German Girls Who
Mix With "Enemy^
Sheared as of Old
By the Asaoclated Press.
BERLIN, January 1. Grnnaa
yonn* men la I'ppr Slleata
have revived the practice of
attlng of the hair of German
ftria who have deallaara with
"eaemf troups of occupation,"
according to an Upper Mllealan
newspaper which haa Jnat bern
received here.
It report* the eaae of Hella
Dombroakn, recently visited at
her home br a man who drew a
pair of shcara from his pocket
and cut on her hair clone to the
head. Two other fftrls, Gertrude
and Hlldegard Weba. suffered a
? aluallar fate, the newspaper
aaya, while a aamber of othera
recently have been vial ted by
"calltra" who ah eared their
heada.
The mea kave adopted the
motto, "By their hair yoa shall
know them."
Declares on.Eve of Departure
Japan Can Expect Only
Friendship.
One thin* thai Japan has learned
through her delegates at the present
conference is that she has nothing to
expert from this ^ide of the Pacific
except friendship and co-operation.
Prince Tokugawa, one of the Japan
ese delegates, said last night in a
farewell speech to newspaper corre
spondents on the eve of his departure
for Japan. He also said that he be
lieved the United States had learned
that Japan has no aggressive designs
in the Pacitic. The prince left for
New York today and will sail for
Japan from the west coast Janu
ary 13.
^ lew a of Prince.
The prince said:
"1 feel convinced that even if the
conference does not accomplish every
detail of its program, yet it has al
ready achieved enough?especially in
the way of international education?
to entitle it to description as a great
success, which will prove of incalcu
lable benefit to the whole world.
"Simply the mention of one aspect
of the situation will be enough to
show what I mean. America has
learned, chiefly through your careful
analysis of facts and your full and
free presentation of them to the pub
lic. that Japan entertains no aggres
sive designs in the Pacific, but
friendly co-operation.
Proof of Will to Pracc.
"The agreement on naval limitation
and fortifications is proof of a will to
peace on both sides. We are already
entering a new era of happiness and
peace, which will continue so long as
the frankness and publicity which
have distinguished this conference
are maintained in our international
relations."
He explained that it was necessary
for him to return to Japan, as he was
expected to take up his duties as
president of the house of peers. He
thanked the newspaper men for their
spirit of fairness and frankness
throughout the parley.
"Furthermore," he added, "these
meetings have helped me to know
American generosity, and they have
assisted in no small measure in dis
pelling the fears I brought with me
from Japan, of teing prejudged and
misunderstood. When 1 return to my
country you may be sure that I shall
carry with me a lively sense of the
good will you have displayed, and I
shall bo able to telli my countrymen
that they need entertain no fears
regarding the spirit that animates
America."
wmnsEA
IS G1VENAPPR0VAL
Joint Commission Favors
Lakes-St. Lawrence Proj
ect, Canada Reports.
Approval is given the proposed
lakes-St. Lawrence waterway by the
international Joint commission in a
report which has been transmitted to
the American State Department and
the Canadian government.
The report will be transmitted
within a few days by the State De
partment to Congress, and it was said
today that inasmuch as consideration
of the project was undertaken by the
commission at the direction of Con
gress the report will not be made
public until submitted to Congress.
The commission, it was learned to
day, however, has unanimously ap
proved the project, which contem
plates the construction of a deep
waterway from the great lakes to
the ocean through the St. Lawrence
of sufficient depth to enable seagoing
vessels to enter the great lakes. The
commission also was understood to
recommend beginning of construction
in the near future or as soon as pos
sible.
The report of the commission In
cludes a lengthy statement by engi
neers who made a study of the proj
ect for the commission and who are
understood to estimate the cost at ap
proximately $252,725,000.
$50,000,000 REDUCf ION
MADE IN JAPAN'S BUDGET
Held Vccessarjr for Coming Tear at
Keveatie From Taxes and Other
Source* Decreases.
The budget of Japan for the fiscal
year. 1922-23, amounting approximate
ly to (733,000,000, represents a de
crease of about $50,000,000 from the
expenditures for the current fiscal year,
according to a statement Issued today
by the Department of Commerce, based
on Japanese press reports.
The budget, the statement said, sets
aside $469,000,000 for ordinary expen
ditures and $264,000,000 for. extraord
inary expenditures. Decrease in the
I budget was made necessary by the
decrease of revenue from taxes and
government enterprises. The total
Japanese revenue I* estimated at $722,
500.000, the statement added.
/The 1927 naval expansion program
ami the 1934 army supply program,"
the statement said, "and other less Im
portant undertakings spread over a
period of years, will not be deferred
beyond the time originally contem
plated. according to Viscount Tuka
hash. minister of finance and premier.
"The general belief in this connection
tion is that there Is little likelihood
of the navy and army program**
? * * being completed on time, since
economiu conditions, now so depress
ed, are not>thought to.be able to re
cover sufficiently to furnish the re
quired revenue."
Of the total amounts alloted to the
various departments of the Japanese
government by the budget, the largest
sums are provided for tjic ariny, navy
and communications, according to the
statement. For the army. $126,500,000.
which is $5,000,000 less than the cur
rent appropriations, was provided;
$186,800,000 was estimated for the
navy, which was a reduction of $50,
000.000, and was said to be $43,000,000
less than the amount estimated to be
neeessary to meet the needs of the
navy department, and $132,700,000 was
provided for communications.
Enough Business Pending to
Occupy Day?Marine In
surance Measure.
District legislation Is promised
right of way In the House on Mon
day, by a statement made by House
leader Mondell on the floor at the
close of the session yesterday. He
said that there was enough District
legislation on the calendar to occupy
the entire day.
The Edmonds bill, to establish a
model marine insurance law in the
District, which, would be copied by
the states^ has for some time been
awaiting consideration.
It has been urged that the passage
of this bill would lead to the estab
lishment of a real marine Insurance
business in this country which would
obviate the necessity of paying vast
sums in premiums yearly to other
countries, and would be a national
defense measure, because It would
shut off other rival nations from an
intimate knowledge about our ships.
Representative Edmonds says he
knows of at least two important
financial interests that intend to
establish marine insurance companies
here in the District as soon aa this
measure is passed.
Chairman Focht of the District
legislative committee Is particularly,
anxious to get the co-called pawn
broker# bill passed. This would
allow pawnbrokers to reopen offices
In the District, under certain re
strictions, after taking out a license,
which necessitates deposit of a bond
for $5,000 with the District Commis
sioners. It would restrict the pawn
brokers from charging at any time in
excess of 3 per cent per month up to
and including $35, or 2 per cent a
month on sums above $35. Records
of all transactions would be kept by
the pawnbrokers, and all sales be at
BUbllo auctions that have been ad
vertised in the dally newspapers.
Before any article can be sold, the
person pawning It would be given
three weeks' notice, in writing.
WILL NAME POLICE CHIEF
NEXT WEEK, NOW PLAN
Supporters of Candidates Busily at
Work Presenting Quali
fications.
A new superintendent of police will
not be named until next week, it be
came apparent at the District building
today. Although the Commissioners
held a board session this morning, the
appointment was not made, as had
been expected, and no action is looked
for this afternoon.
Friends and supporters of the vari
ous candidates are still busy present
ing the merits and qualifications of
their respective aspirants.
The Commissioners have received
from the Civil Service Commission the
certifications of the lieutenants who
took the examination for promotion to
captains.
One police captain has already re
tired. another has asked for retirement
and the Commissioners may place one
or two other precinct commanders on
the retired list. In which event several
new captains would have to be named.
That, In turn, would necessitate the
appointment of as many new lieuten
ants and sergeants.
NEARLY 14,000,000 EXPRESS VIEWS
TO U. S. DELEGATION'S ADVISERS
Nearly fourteen million people have
expressed their opinions, either in
dividually or through associations, on
the questions considered by the arms
conference in communications to the
advisory committee of the American
delegation.
The requests that have been writ
ten or expressed in person as tabu
lated by the advisory committee up
until yesterday approach the naval
limitation and other questions from
various angles. A total of 11,632,530
persons, or by far the predominance,
asked for co-operative limitation of
armament with the details left to the
judgment of the delegation. , The next
largest number, 271,777, asked for co
operative limitation with benevolence
and liberality. A total of 29,740
sought complete disarmament. There
were 11,723 who expressed them
selves strongly for limitation of arms
for the United States, no matter what
the other countries did, while, on the
other hand, there was an equal num
ber of persona who stood Arm for no
limitation at all; 11,350 asked for a
limitation with caution, while 7,379
advised an Increase in America's pres
ent naval strength.
Among special requests on subjects
other than limitation, 10,092,736 made
a plea for divine guidance. An' as
sociation of nations was favored by
1,093,635 people, while 9,761 only
voiced their disapproval of any al
liances or ententes. Periodic confer
ences were supported by 8,669.
On the submarine issue, those seek
ing the total abolition of that weapon,
numbering 396,104, were far in the
majority. Only S.708 asked for re
tention with a restriction in use, and
an equal number asked for a reduc
tion In size and numbers. The aboli
tion of gas warfare was also upheld
by practically a unanimous vote, 366,
795 seeking total abolition with but
19 requesting retention with restric
tions.
More than 90 per cent of the resolu
tions received by the committee in
dorsed the policy of the American
delegation to the conference.
Labor. Practically Ended.
Although the organization of the
American advisory committee Is to
be maintained In the event of fur
ther need, the services of that body
practically were brought to a close
yesterday evening' with the comple- j
tlon of a supplementary report on the
submarine question, which the Amer
ican delegates are considering, today.
Notwithstanding- their labors in
connection with the conference ap
pear to have been concluded, at the
request of Secretary Hughes they will
remain ready to offer more Informa
tion if needed.
Throughout the course of the con
ference harmonious feelings and de
cisions have prevailed In all the meet
ings of this committee, one of the
members said yesterday, as an ex
ample of which, he explained that all
the Army and Navy officers had been
in perfect accord on all the decisions
reached in the reports. Gen. Pershing,
it was learned, has been very active
in most of the military issues brought
up.' especially in the denunciation of
chemical warfare as "a cruel, unfair
and improper use of science," a part
of the committee report which was
said to have been written by Qen.
Pershing himself.
weeks ago by the Federal Council of
the Churches of Christ in America.
The literature of the federal coun
cil, which was widely distributed,
stated that 92.6 per cent of the "United
States expenditures in 1020" were for
past and future wars.
The figures of the War Department
fix the percentage for previous wars
at 52 per cent and for fh* present
Army and Navy at 20 per cnt, a total
of-72 per cent, its percentages aro
based on the 1922 appropriations and
tiie present 1923 budget.
ValuclrMN for <'ompnriwon.
The conflicting figures s*ein sched
uled to play considerable part in fu
ture arguments of whether too large
a proportion of the nation's income
is being spent for war purposes. As
education and many other public
works are not functions of the na
tional government, but of states and
local municipalities, the figures are
relatively valueless for comparison
with other nations where different
systems exist. A sifrnifif*.aiit feature of
them is that nearly 50 per cent of
the national expenditure is for obli
gations incurred duriug past wars,
items which cannot be evaded or re
duced.
' The tabulation as for 1920, from the
j Federal Council of Churches, is:
ivt.
Pn*t war* ,(V?0 G.T1
.Future war- 20.4
! ?"lvll departments 4>
i Public works 6.1,000.000 1.4
j R*si?arrh. health, p?1ii<'ii
tlon and development.. 59.000,000 1.3
Totals *4. .'SC.000,000 100.0
The opposition tabulations from the
War Department are:
1922 APPROPRIATIONS.
World war obligation*.. $1.004.7R4.*20 4* 2
Pwrlouc wars obligations LW).02?.r.r>1 7.0
Army and Navy 7<iL'. 402.012 20.2
Postal p'tvW "74 09U.f?."t- J.",2
^ov^ninipnt functions.... 207.1 a0.24?
Public work? 331.718.S69 3.5
Inrn?aw? civil employ#?s
pay 35.000.000 0 9
Miscellaneous 97.625.R54 26
Totals S3.771.900,514 100.0
1923 BriXlET.
World war obligations.. $1,750,342,527 40.3
? Previous wars obligation* 2R3.6S0.530 7.5
i Army and Navy 72* S74.010 10.1
! Postal service 576.23K.066 15.2
I <;ov?rnment functions 221>-6.817 5.0
- Prblic works 131.ft18.61* 3.4
Miftcellaneoun 0!?.532.682 2.6
Totals *3,H01.113.659 100.O
National Obligation*.
The national obligations on account
of wars in the past and preparednfss
for the future, according to the War
Department's analysis, are:
TART WARS.
1922. 1923,
Pensions $2C5.500.000 f252.350.000
Other obligation.. 33,529.561 31,330.530
Totals, past wars $299,029,361 $283.680.530
WORLD WAR.
Interest on public
debt $951.000.000 $951.000.000
Veterans' Bureau. 230.573.620 385.921.702
Sinking fund 272,442.200 2h3.838.HOO
Shipping Hoard.. 73.950.00U 50,501,500
O t li e r expendi
ture* 136.S10.0O0 88.080.5Cr.
Totals, world
?ar $1,664,784,820 $1,759,342,527
PRESENT NATIONAL DEFENSE.
Army $339,327,713 $305,822,084
Navy 423.164.899 423.052.8:5
Totals, military.. $762,402,612 $728,874,010
The pamphlet of the federal council
says that the average tax paid by
each person in the United States to
the federal government was $53.46, In
1920. distributed as above.
Rent a Ford or Dodge
U rwMif
North 122
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stricted and zoned residential
sections.
Prices $7,650. $7,950. $8,450,
$9250. $20,000. $22,500, $25,000 and
$27,500.
Our homes are built to last
and finished to please. Call
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tion.
Middaugh &
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Be Sure to See Our
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LOTS 8EVEMTY-FIVE FEET FK0VT
$7,650 to $8,450 homes in town
with ground all around for less
than houses in a row.
BUXGAXOWS. HOUSES.
CuL Month. Son. Oath. Month. S.T.,
9760....968....$47 99*0 ...974....?M
1,000.... ?9.... 49 1.000 m 4T
1.500.... 80.... 41 1.600.... M 49
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car marked "Brookland" to 12th
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MIDDAUGH A SHANNON
iBOOportUd. Main MSt. Eotm.h. 199*.
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'Mo Flaoo Like Homo; Ho Home Like Oars'
CHURCH AND FEDERAL TABLES
OF U. S. EXPENSES DISAGREE
Recent Statement That 92.6 Per Cent in
1920 Was for Past and Future
Wars Analyzed.
BY JUNIUS B. WOOD.
Tables analyzing the distribution of
close to $4,000,000,000 in annual ap
propriations by the United States
which have just been prepared by the
statistical branch of the general staff
of the War Department show con
siderable discrepancy from similar
tables which were circulated several.
U. S. MAY TAKE PART
IN GENOA PARLEY
Officials Awaiting Word on
Details of Meeting Be
fore Deciding.
The United States, in all proba
bility, will be an active participant
in the economic conference which is
to meet in Genoa in March. Although
this action has not been decided upon,
the situation seems to have worked
itself into two alternatives for adop
tion?either full participation or no
representation at all, but it was
pointed out by some officials that be
fore any decision has been reached
as to either step the details of the
proposed conference must be learned.
In the event a delegation, clothed
with full powers to act for the Ameri
can government, should be sent it
was brought out in some official cir
cles that an understanding as to the
ultimate disposition of the foreign
debt to this country would be sought
by the United States. This debt is
regarded In some quarters as the
most important question which could
arise at the conference, because of its
Interrelation to the future financial
plans of the nations, and for this rea
son it is thought possible that the
United States may wish it clearly
understood that its position with re
gard to ultimate payment would not
be modified through its participation.
Attitude Toward Kunala Doubtful.
The attitude of the Washington
government is less clear on the Rus
sian problem when the reported pro
posal of the economic council for the
recognition of the aoviets is carried
to the fore. So far as can be learned
there is no changa in the attitude
of the United States toward the
bolshevik regime since it was set
down in August,. 1920, by Secretary
Colby's note, which refused inter
course and recognition with that
government.
By some officials ft was suggested
last nip-ht that mere participation of
Russian representatives In the
economic conference would not in
itself be taken as a recognition of
the soviet government. The Russian
situation. It was said, was one which
could not well be disregarded in any
canvass of European financial ele
ments. particularly since some of the
great powers are in active trade re
lations with the Russians.
Secoad to Foreign Debt.
Ranking second to the United
States foreign debt question is the
reorganization of the currency and
budget systems of the foreign
countries, it is believed. This re
organisation plan will be discussed
in an effort to reach a sound basis
for the rehabilitation of the nations,
while consideration of reductions in
expenditures by the foreign govern
ments, it is thought, will include the
question of land, armament.
Florida Atlantic Coast Line offers
choice of five through trains on convenient
schedules. Experts arrange every detail at of
fice. 1418 H st. n.w. Tel. Main 7800.?Advt.
U. S. OFFICIALS FAIL
TO AGREE ON POLICY
Confer With Attorney General
Over Interpretation of Sherman
Anti-Trust Law.
Government officials in conference
yesterday with Attorney General
Daugherty failed to reach, an agree
ment on a federal policy toward trade
associations in the light of the Inter
pretation of the Sherman anti-trust
act by the Supreme Court In the re
cent Hardwood Lumber Association
decision.
Another conference was scheduled
to be held this afternoon to consider
a definition of the law prepared^ by
the Department of Commerce as **&p
plied to the publication by the depart
ment of information collected by such
associations which is to be submitted
to Attorney General Dougherty for
approval. When formulated the gov
ernment's conception of the applica
tion of the law as defined by the
Hardwood decision is expected to be
announced by Mr. Daugherty.
Among those who attended yester
day's conference were Secretaries
Hoover and Wallace. Chairman Gas
kill of the Federal Trade Commission;
Col. Guy D. Goflf, assistant to the
Attorney General; Col. William Hay
?fc'ard. district attorney of New York;
William E. Lamb, solicitor for the
Commerce Department and Julius
Klein, director of the bureau of for
eign and domestic commerce.
HARDING CASE GOES OVER.
When the case of George Edward
Harding was called before United
States Commissioner George H. Mac
donald Is the McLachlen building to
day on a charge of violation of a
federal statute regarding interstate
traffic, the case was continued on re
quest of the prosecution until Janu
ary 21. although the defense express
ed willingness to proceed with the
preliminary hearing.
<JIfiSS
^ Old Mirrors
Made New >
When a minor becomes spotted,
or misty and clouded, it is both
' unsightly and practically worth
less. We can take that mirror
and make it like new at a
small cost Write or phone.
FoaaM 1864
HIRES TURNER
GLASS Cr "PANY
Roulyn, V
WASHINGTON. D.C