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THEATER ARCHITECT DISAGREES WITH OTHERS ON CRASH CAUSE / Failure of Top Chord in Truss Blamed for Knickerbocker Collapse?Admits He Did Not Make Full Inspections. Failure of the top.chord In truss 12 was blamed for the collapse of the roof of the Knickerbocker Thea ter by Reginald W. Geare, supervis ing* architect of the building, when he took the stand yesterday afternoon at the coroner's inquest to fix the blame for the disaster. Mr. Geare's testimony tfas in direct opposition to that of the board of Army and Navy experts, and also to that of J. H. Ford, the steel designer i and contractor for the roof supports. He admitted to the jury, during questioning by Maj. Gordon, United States district attorney, that he did not make full inspections to deter mine whether the building was in all respects secure, saying that it was the duty of the supervising architect merely to make a daily visit to the building. C annot Kind Specification*. Asked wha? had become of the ! specifications for the building, he said be could not find them, but admitted that such specifications were written. , lie did admit, however, that the steel plans did not show any dimensions. | although he attempted to show the jury that all his plans contained full dimensions. He could not say that the redesigned steel work contained any more steel that that provided in the original plans. Uas Questioned at some ?? , re??rdin* the failure to tie ne Columbia road and stage walls to ?SuH* ?ailure to do which was at . the board of A""y and ^ enK,noers- Geare did not re "ithe pave Instructions to TOm d? l^'s or not to <lo so G- Carpenter said he did ?vorkefna?ythin,r wronK' with 'he Iron enter ?ry way',shaPe or form. Car u tiding. 8" 'ronw?rker on the Architect on Stand. fhl*Geare' the architect of .'f V ocker- next was called *boutSa tJlu been an architect for cflnrl -.vY: >"ea?- prepared at t?v tk v,ashinsrton University, and took the beaux arts course. He did not receive a degree. The plans and details of specifica tion, for the theater were prepared Tin >!' M testified, answering ques tions by Maj. Gordon. He was then directed to detail all that he did in V ? preparation of the plans, after first telling the jury that ha was in charge of the construction. ? _,Aft.e.r the first set of plans the build ing did not proceed for about a vear witness said. They were prepared originally for Mr. Smallwood and Mr. A^ter a year's time Mr. t randall and others took over the ground. Smallwood and Cassidy ho said, sold the permit to Crandall and him. Another set of plans giving declared 3 WaS 'ater prepared- he took up each set of plans nd explained them to the Jury, under questioning by Maj. Gordon. The name of Costigan appeared on the plans as the District official who .^approved them. ?.Th.e p'ans were made, he said, by! -M. b. Rich. I Declares Dimension* Shown. "I have heard it said there were no dimensions on my plans." witness x\ent on. "I want to show you that they were fully dimensioned." he paid, pointing to dimensions on each pla n. He asserted that a copy of these name plans was filed with the appli cation for a permit. "Di5. th? steel plans show dimen asked Gordon. No, sir. The steel plans are trac ings of these. These have the di mensions and show just where the steel is to be set. "I'd like to show you how care- I fully the Columbia road wall was provided for," he continued, showing the jury the details on the plans. The blueprints are an exact copv of the originals?" asked Mr. Hart assistant corporation counsel "Yes." He said the original drawings are ,he 1,uild>nS department With the blueprints. After the permit was issued, con i^tCti,.?ereJr,? he said- and then he asked "for bids from about six con tractors, and could remember onlv the names of the Weller Construc tion Company and Frank L. Wagner Questioned further by Gordon, he remembered the Melton Construction Company, the Boyle Robertson Com pany and W illiam E. Mooney. Kr*nk t- Wagner Contractor. The contract was let to Frank L. construct the building, he testified. Witness said the con tractor kept him informed of the names of subcontractors, who were SPECIAL NOTICES. WILL THE C.ENTLEMAN TO WHOM T1IE Jate A. G. Eldridire took sol J wrist watcb for repairs rail 1112 10th st.. * CONSOLIDATED CAB TOR HOUSEHOLD good-* for California about February 25tb. Reduced rates and quick service. Security Storage Company. 1140 15th st. Asbestos Roofing Cement Cements leaks, preserves and keeps any kind ?f roof. I will apply same and guarantee your roof for 5 years and will repair all leaks arising from natural causes free of charge. Also sold In bulk. -Vgal. buckets. $1 gal., delivered. Llpcola 4210. Madlson Clark, 3314 Pa. are, s.o. Roofs Old Roofs Old slsg and other roofs repsired. Prompt service; best material guaranteed. Get es timate on new and old roof work. J. F. TOMPKINS. .'.28 21st st. n.w. If Vtanted?a vanload ok fuiiniture from New York City Feb. 11. 15, 23 and 27th. THE BIG 4 TRANSFER CO., Inc., 1125 14th st. n.w. Main 2159. CIRCUMSTANCES May make you live In the south. If so. make me an offer for this fine home in Florida. All furnished. Address W. FRANK CLARK, 813 13th st.. Crane Printing Co., city. ? WANTED?TO BRING A VANLOAD OF FUR niture from New York and Philadelphia. SMITH'S TRANSFER AND STORAGE CO. Big Printing Jobs Handled with speed and efficiency. The National Capital Press 1210-ma p ?t. ?-w. YOU REMEMBER ME1 John Hodges, the Bookbinder 10JJ E Street N.W. Ground Floor. Bookbinding has not advanced 1b price and Dow is the time to (lave it done. Bring In your old books and have them bound. ROOF TROUBLE? Stove trouble ? Furnace trouble ? Gall the "Heating and Rooftag Experts." Grafton & Son, Wb!d*.L?ui*7?oi?1 "Heating and Roofing Experts 35 Years." Good Printing Plus Service That's what yon receive at this shop. HIGH GRADE BUT NOT HIGH PRICED. fTHE SERVICE SHOP IBYRON S. ADAMS, ?3"? Roof Troubles after r?ttw Ktta on tk* Job. Twt Mr tfflclont ?errice. R- K. FERGUSON, inc. 1U? ttk ?t. Phono North BUB. s*ws^| Bxperta. ~ The Shade Shop f V. STOKES SAMM0N8. 830 13th St. Mp ???. 1 Get our estimate , on factory J03.dc Window glades. satisfactory, adding1, "among the best in Washington." On direction, he detailed the sub contractors as follows: Union Iron works, steel; Hammett Fireproofing Company, brick, cement and tile work; H. M. Lanford. excavating, and McNulty Brothers, plastering. He then went into an explanation of the change in the design of the steel roof framing, in substance, the same as the testimony by J. H.' E*ord, who asserted it was because the steel beams of the original design could not he obtained. "The plans of the new design had a note of M. S. Kich on them, in pencil, which read: " 'Double I's under all trusses and beams,' which pieans that the I beams under all trusses were to be doubled. "Were the substituted plans as substantial as the original plans?" asked Mr. Gordon. "I can't testify as to that, I am not an engineer. I relied on Mr. Rich," witness answered. Careful in PrnwinK Plan*. He (Geare) took great care to make it substantial. Mr. Geare said, be cause it was his first theater, and he wanted it to stand. "I was very proud of it. Great care was taken in providing sufficient de tails." He said he constructed the York and Metropolitan theaters here and one in Cumberland, subsequent, how ever, to the Knickerbocker, answering the District attorney. The material was what he specified, of the best, and the walls stand today in wonderful shape, "a monument to fine masonry," he asserted. On the point made by the tervice engineers of failure to tie the Colum bia road and stage walls, he said it, was not necessary as it was an "in side wall." "Do your plans provide for tying?" I "No." "Then it wasn't your intention to tie them?" queried Gordon. "I wouldn't say that I didn't intend to tie them, I didn't direct that they I should not be tied, nor do I remember I that^ I told them to do it." "You don't contend it was tied, do ; you?" pressed Maj. Gordon. I No, sir." "It was your business to see that it was tied?" 1 Duty of Architect. "Not necessarily. It is the archi tect's duty to go there once a day and see that the work is carried out gen erally; to see that the job is progress ing properly in accordance with the plans." "Who superintended the construc tion of the steel work?" "My engineer, I suppose; I don't recollect," witness answered. "You . left the details to the engi neer?" pressed Maj. Gordon. "You don't know whether beams and trusses had requisite bearings or not?" "No. T didn't go into that," witness responded. "Did you see that brick and terra cotta. work was properly construct ed?" "Yes." "Did you see whether proper amount of cement was going into the tile?" "Yes. I frequently went on the scaffolding to examine the work." "Do you know personally whv the building fell down?" Maj. Gordon continued. "I have a theory," witness answered. "Of your own knowledge a(r on talking with your engineer?" Maj. I Gordon interrogated. "I haven't talked with him," Geare i answered. "Tell us. if you.can. why it fell," Maj. Gordon directed. Gives Opinion of Dlsaiter, I Pointing to the various trusses, he said T-12 appears to be the one that failed first; vibration, and the fact that that truss chord at the top was' faulty. ?"Did you look to see whether it was faulty when it was put in?" asked rrordon. K#ponse in the negative brought a hot retort from Gordon I "Will you please tell me. then, what the duties of the supervising archi tect are. He isn't employed to see a window is in a certain place. He is supposed to see defective ma terial. isn't he?" "If he sees it. it is his duty to or der it out." witness sparred, and con tinued: "There was a break in the top chord of truss T-12. It was one or the first things I saw upon arriving at the theater about a half an hour after the accident." He noticed it by an abrasion. Taking a piece of steel, which, he said, came from the Interstate Com merceCommission, he showed how an abrasion could be in the steel with out being observed. Say* Chord Caused Collapse. The top chord of T-12 started the SPECIAL NOTICES. Chinese Night Postponed? uncertainty, up to within a ,hort ?h*mn*n , 8et' 89 to some of uWi10 were t0 *PPear on Chinese . ight could keep their engajrements it wa? t0 adTi*e tbe pnbl,c e*r,T enough of the postponement of Chinese Night The WNNKR EVERY EVENING. tt AGAINST V. T GRIMattv p\hr^SApmm- ?rrE. "& nr.'mH^"chChn7" roofleaking? QUICK SERVICE?CALL I Lincoln 2806. Col. 7lu* 1 .H?.REBT GIVE NOTICE THAT I WTTT not be re.ponaible for an; debt. eontr./.t?7^L ?rsmainb ? YOUR roof. ~ a hart "o" d'wint!,r' on'^3r '?w'' a o d' r l"h"! b"n la the time to *et it re.d?JiJ d rifht "ow IWt wait?call u, up. tn priu* ?'??? ironclad "i? * ?. n.w. ? nn , , , , Comnanr Malnll INCOMETAJrRETURNs" yonrgeif the7 w'^^thiV yeiT'by'Wlowl No Plaster to.Crack BEAVER if,?? f?U when walla and RO A U n l?t '.1. r?.nBAVEB ""ARDED s?*?D ? ????& ? 5",a gciSTiTi ? Geo. M. Barker Co., Inc. ! <48151 N. T. are.: IBIT Tth. Tel. M llu I ONE MINOTE'K THOUGHT WILL CONTINCB i /?? "wnW be aarinc aomelhinr,?5 I K.s; fiaar Woodward. Sec ; R. E. Claughton, Ttm. GRANO AND UPRIGHT PIANMkORRSvt: 6dgo worch Viiffn f*?"' ? virtSSE: Q*w Kr""ch* Rial to Gift Shop Adjoininr Rialto Theater, baa dalntr article. In needlecraft. Greeting card/' motto pictarea. Rim dereloplng and printSS? hematltching, pecotinr and plaiting w- ,.~ Martha Waahlnigton candr We "J17 w. H. TURBERVILLE Formerly of Tnrberrllla * Electric Wiring, Fixtures, Appliance* Supplies. 1W? Com. At?. N.W. Phoo* North 94fff collapse, was his theory, he testi fied. That started the events, Just as a small leak In a dam starts a break, he went on. Qeare maintained that t he beams were not the first to fall off the walls, as contended in previous expert testi mony. Maj. Gordon followed with a long series of interrogations around the point contended by Mr. Oeare'that the falling of. one of the two pieces of steel caused the entire collapse. Mr. Geare could not be shaken in his contention, but it was apparent that the district attorney was not con vinced. Asked by Maj. Gordon to tell why that break caused the rest to fall, he replied: i "Of course, I can't explain that." "Did you examine the walls back of beams B 21 and 21?" Maj. Gordon asked. "Yes, I examined them and found the beams had gone through the wall," witness testified. "It indicated that truss T 12 caused the failure. This is clearly shown by some of the debris being thrown outward on the cornice." He didn't know whether there was a leaser amount of steel in the re vised roof plans than in original plans. Asked by Assistant Corporation Counsel Hart where his specifications for the material to be used were, he said he couldn't find them. "1 can't And them," he said. "They ought to be in the building depart ment." He sai(l that he got his Information regarding materials from an en gineer's handbook. SUBSTITUTED ROOF PLAN AT THE KNICKERBOCKER NOT PASSED BY ENGINEER (Continued from First Page.) supervision to ascertain whether the plans were being carried out, with authority to reject on the spot any faulty work or defective material. Keferrlng to the "cinder fill" on the roof, he said it was of the light est fireproof material that could be used. He suggested that the Jury now could go to the rulna and s^e where the beams went through the wall. "Did you ever dlscusa these plans with the Engineer Commissioner?" asked Maj. Gordon. "I do not remember that I did," witness responded. "The building regulations provide for the quality of the material," witness continued. "This covers the steel, as the steel contractors are fami.liar with the building regula tions." Beam forty-one ran between the twenty columns at the roof line, he said. He said he was up there at the time of placement, and Mr. Wal lace and Mr. Wagner agreed that there should be another beam under beam forty-one about six feet above the ceiling. He said he saw that that beam was In. The specifications showed that all steel work was to be "field rivetted," Mr. Geare said. Questioned on this point, by Maj. Gordon, he said he didn't recall why i they were bolted instead, but told j the jury that the building code al lowed bolting. I Mr. Geare said he made an inspec tion of the wall last summer, dur ing the redecoration period. He said If the wall had moved out at that time he would have noticed It by a parting of the cornice work. He said there was no such evidence. "Did you walk over the roof lait summer?" asked the coroner. "I have been inside of the roof. I noticed there was vibration from street cars. Walking on the trusses did not make them vibrate." "Who supervised the construction of that building?" asked Assistant Cor poration Counsel Hart. "Which is the stronger, rivetting or bolting?" "I have talked with an expert: he said bolts are as strong as rivets, provided the bolts don't come loose," witness answered. Mr. Geare admitted that changes were often made in specifications, but said the building department is noti fied only of inportant changes. "Why didn't you notify the build ing department?" Mr. Hart asked. "Because the code allowed It." "Don't you know that riveta are 20 per cent stronger than bolts?" Maj. Gordon Interjected. "Provided the rivets are not loose," he said. Craadall Take* Staad. He was then excused, and Harry M. Crandall. president of the Knicker bocker Theater Company, owners of the building, took the stand. At the time the structure was built, Mr. Crandall said, he was to get 51 per cent of the common stock. Maj. Gordon handed him a paper dated September (blank). 1918, pur porting to be a contract for the build ing. Mr. Crandall Identified It. "Did you take any part In the erec tion of this building?" Maj. Gordon asked. "No, sir." "On whom did you rely?" Maj. Gor don continued. "That would be left to the architect, and if he missed anything, I consid ered that it would be caught up by the building inspectors, as they rule supreme in theater building. How ever. I do not mean to cast any re ] flection there." Reading parts of the contract of No man can help be ing impressed by what Hupmobile owners say about their car. STERRETT& FLEMING Incorporated Champlain St at Kalorama | Road (Below 18th at.) Phone North 5080 Want a Nurse Maid? A Classified Ad in The Star will bring you a host of responses from which to make selection. "Around the corner is a Star Branch Office" Full list of Branch Offices and Classified Rates on page 33 of today's Star. construction and' architect's super vision, MaJ. Gordon asked the wit ness If. when the building was com pleted, Mr. Geare notified him of the {act. Witness answered in the affirmative. MaJ. Gordon then read the letter of Mr. Geare, giving the notification, and which said that the building was fin ished in accordance with plans and specifications. ~ "Mr. Crandall, what caused the col lapse of that theater?" asked MaJ. Gordon. "It Is the one thing In the world I'd like to know," witness responded. "You don't know?" "No. I certainly hope that this In vestigation will bring it out." Witarn la Excused. "Then you paid your money for the theater and that's all you know?" "Yes." "You're excused." Melvin S. Rich, 1448 Harvard street, ?structural engineer, who made the general structural plans for "tha two first projects of the Columbia road site," was next called. He was employed to design the steel framing and floor construction, he said. Mr. Geore, he said, furnished the Information regarding the wall construction, eta "Did you believe he was competent to appreciate your work?" asked Coroner Nevltt. "Yes." "I take it you are a graduate engi neer?" the coroner queried. "Yes. sir, coroner." He said he did not make any in spections of the steel, as he went into the Army. "How much personal supervision of the steel, did you give?" Coroner Nevltt asked. "None at all." The witness said he turned the su pervision of isteel work over to engi neers. but he did not have any recol lection of turning this particular Job over to an engineer. "Do you know who took your place?" Coroner Nevltt asked. "No, sir." MaJ. Gordon then took the witness. Blueprint Identified. He Identified a blue print as the second set of steel plans that he drew for the theater. He was Instructed by MaJ. Gordon to tell of the main trusses substituted by Mr. Ford. "I have no knowledge of that," he said. He then, from the plans, detailed the girders which he designed for the building originally. The main beam was designed to be approximately fif ty-six Inches, he said. He added he was informed that his plan was superseded by the Union Iron Works. He had no recollection of seeing the revised roof framing plans, although he said that it had been called to his attention yesterday that the revised plan had a note In his handwriting. He identified the note when shown to him, which was to the effect that it was to have "dou ble Is" under all trusses. "Your note indicated that I beams should be doubled and that the re vised plans didn't provide fbr them?" asked MaJ. Gordon. "Yes, sir; that's right," witness answered. "Did you agree to the substituted plans?" Did Not Approve Plana. "No, sir; I did not O. K. those roof plans submitted by the Union Iron Works of this city." "Have you compared the two plans to determine which was the better?" Maj. Gordon continued. "I haven't seen the Ford plans until now." "Have you made sufficient investi gation to tell us why the roof col lapsed?" Mai. Gordon asked. "No, sir." Asked by Mr. Hart why ho made the notations for additional I beams, the witness replied: "I supposed that It would have been required. It was to get that reac tion sufficiently spread out so as not to crush the wall." "Do you know whether your sug gestion that double I beams be put in was carried out?" asked Mr. Hart. "I saw no 'separators' and jumped to the conclusion that two beams were not used, as the code required separators," the witness answered. "Do you know whether double I beams were used?" pressed Mr. Hart. "1 didn't climb up, but X would say they were not. I was not in a posi tion to see them. My engineering knowledge would indicate they were not." "Are bolts more lasting or safer than rivets?" asked Coroner Nevltt. "Turn driven bolts are considered the highest form of connecting two pieces of steel. In other cases rivets. It is hard to say." A turn driven bolt gets the same rating as a rivet, he said, in answer to Maj. Gordon. Contractor OB Stand. Frank L. Wagner. 1746 K street northwest, builder and contractor for the Knickerbocker Theater, next took the stand. He started as an apprentice carpen ter. he said, in 1888; later he was em ployed as an estimator and superin tendent, and in 1902 started a part nership. He opened here In 1905. Since 1907 he has been operating as an individual builder. The Knickerbocker was the first theater project he had ever built, he said. Subsequently, he built the Met ropolitan Theater here. He then went over previous evidence regarding the original contract and letting of subcontracts, already in the record. He did not remember how many structural steel firms were asked to bid. "You asked for more than one?" asked Maj. Gordon. "Yes." "Well. then, who were they?" press ed Maj. Gordon. "Well," hesitating. "Barber & Ross and C. A. Schneider's Sons. I don't recollect any more." Witness could not remember the amount of each of the proposals. At the direction of Maj. Gordon, the witness told of the reason for chang ing the steel plans, substantially as testified by previous witnesses. "Did you have a superintendent on the work all the time?" "Yes." "What were his duties?" Maj. Gordon continued. "General supervision of all the work." "Will your records show whether bids were submitted by any one else?"' "I presume so." "Then look Into your flies for infor mation regarding this structural steel and bring them here Monday." "I will." He said he hadn't determined the cause of the collapse and had no idea why it fell. He said he was having an Investigation made. He was then excused. Erected Steel In Roof. John L. McDonald, 334 Indiana ave nue, a contractor for structural steel erecting, next took the stand. He tes tified he contracted to erect the steel roof on the theater. The contract, he said, came through Mr. Wagner's office. He> could not, he said, say why the building collapsed. "Did you superintend the erection personally?" asked Maj. Gordon. 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Just think what a pleasure it will be when you unpack a handsome overcoat that costs so little. $30?$35 Overcoats $ 15 AH-wool Materials Men's and Young Men's Models?Sizes 33 to 42 $45 Overcoats $ 20 Finest Coats in the City Rich plaid backs, meltons, kerseys?Silk or satin lined. $30?$35 Suits Reduced to Broken lines of our regular $30 and $35 Suits. Too many to give a detailed description here. Come see them yourself. You'll not re gret the trip. $10.7 5 Match Your Odd Coats With Our Special TROUSERS ? Hundreds and hundreds of pairs to choose from, making it easy to find just the pair you need to match your odd costs. All ma terials. All sixes. All colors and shades. wmmmmm time." "la it your duty to see that trusses and beams havfe proper bearlngT' "That Is an engineering problem." "If they had only an Inch bearing-, would you put them upt" "They wouldn't stay up." "Did they all have sufficient bear ing" "They all had sufficient bearing." He was there Immediately after the accident, but subsequently he was not admitted to the building:, he said. Witness testified a nine-inch beam took a nine-inch bearing, a twelve Inch, a twelve-Inch bearing, etc. They ' all seemed to have that bearing, he said. "If there had been iny bearings of three inches would you have put them up?" "No, sir." "Why did you put in bolts Instead 1of rivets?" Coroner Nevitt asked. Unusual Offering All-Wool Blankets Bom* Slightly Shopworn $2.98 HafiUsr Fries, .17.80 sad MM Large Size Feather Pillows $2.25 a Pair Finest Quality Double Sheets 93c Each Hop Pillows for Restless People $1.00 Each The Ideal Bedding Co. 1524 7th St. N.W. North 19145 * r Read All the LATEST FICTION For 25c Per Book PEARLMAN'S BOOK SHOP O. D. FEAIIJUS, Proprietor 933 G Street Only STRAYER'S BUSINESS COLLEGE NEW AND ENLARGED SCHOOL BUILDING 721 Thirteenth St N.W. (BETWEEN G AND H 8TS.) 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