Evening star. [volume], April 16, 1922, Page 3, Image 35

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
NATIONWIDE CRITICISM
k OF HISTORY BV SCHOOLS
Charge Is Made That Textbooks Now in
Use Are Un-American and Contain
Unpatriotic Statements.
WHILE the Piney Branch Cit
izens' Association Is wag
ing a concerted campaign
in Washington to have
school authorities withdraw from use
In the high schools "Muzzey's Ameri
can History." similar movements are
being launched in other cities against
histories used in the public schools
'Which -are alleged to contain unpatri
otic statements. In fact, according to
?chool officials, the movement is na
tion-wide.
The logical question then is: Who
started the campaign? The school
officials here who have taken the time
to investigate have ascertained that
it was sponsored by the Sons of the
Revolution in the state of California,
who have broadcasted over the coun
try a neat little forty-eight-page
pamphlet in which unmerciful attacks
are made on certain American his
tories which school children are
studying.
TREASON TO TRADITIO.XS
CHARGED IX PAMPHLET.
Copies of the pamphlet have re-,
cently reached Washington. The title
of the booklet Is "Treason to Amer
ican Tradition." Subtitles on the fron
tispiece read:
"The Spirit of Benedict Arnold Re
incarnated in .United States History
Itevised in Text Books."
"A study of Eight Altered School
Histories, by Charles Grant Miller."
In a letter to the readers of the
pamphlet. Frank H. Pettingell, presi
dent of the Sons of the Revolution in
the state of California, says:
"It is hoped that this booklet will
be carefully read by the recipient and
passed on among patriotic citizens.
"In these pages Mr. Charles Grant
Jliller sounds a timely warning
against a sinister movement designed
to corrupt and destroy the most valu
able possession of the American- peo
ple. ,
"School histories that have a ten
dency to belittle the characters and
achievements of our revolutionary
sires and to misrepresent the prin
ciples and ignore the vital incidents,
slogans and ideals that were born
out of the travail of the war for
American independence?every one of
which was so clear and inspiring to
our school children of yesterday?
should not be tolerated a moment in
the public schools.
"I conceive It to be the patriotic
dutp of every true American, and
particularly every member of our pa
triotic society, to see to it that Amer
ican school children be allowed to
study American history written from
a purely American standpoint and
not from the standpoint of our former
foes as presented by mercenary his
torians who seem to be absolutely de
void of red-blooded Americanism."
MIMEVS TEXTBOOK
SEVERELY SCORED.
In its criticism of Muzzey's text the
booklet cites the opening of the pref
ace oAhe history, which reads:
"The present volume represents the
newer tendencies in historical writ
ins. Its aim is not to tell over once
more the old story in the old way. but
to give the emphasis to those factors
in oup national development which
appeal to us as most vlt&l from the
standpoint of today."
"What Prof. Muzzey takes as the
'standpoint of today,' " comments the
pamphlet, "is really seen to be the
Anglo-American straddle."
"In Muzzey's tabloid and denatured
account of the war of the revolution."
continues the booklet, "there is notoa
principle, purpose or achievement set
forth In a way to appeal to pride in
our forefathers and the free nation
they founded, not an incident that
warms the blood of youth, not an ex
ample that stirs desire* for emulation,
nor an ideal that thrills to patriotic
fervor. What is not minimized or
distorted is omitted."
REPORT IS UNDERSTOOD
TO REFUTE CRITICISMS.
Numerous other incidents are cited
in the booklet to show the alleged
unpatriotic statements, many of wtiich
already have been called to the at
tention of the public by the Plney
Branch Citizens' Association.
School officials in.Washington have
read with Interest all the charges
made against the book, but as yet
have made no formally public reply.
They have, however, conducted an in
vestigation and drafted a report,
which will be submitted to the board
of education In the near future. This
report has been prepared by George
J. Jones, head of the history depart
ment in the high schools, and. it is
understood, refutes every charge
made against Muzzey's history by the
Piney Branch Citizens' Association.
ISED IX SCHOOLS HERE
FOR PAST TEST YEARS.
Although withholding the text of
Mr. Jones' report at this time, school
authorities have Indicated that the
Muzzey's booK which has been criti
cized is one that was used. in the
high schools about ten years. The
Muzzey's book now in use. they point
ed out. is a revised edition.
Consequently, if the school board
acts favorably on the recommenda
tion of the report of Mr. Jones it is
likely that the use of Muzzey's His
tory will be continued in the high
schools and the campaign of the
Plney Branch Citizens' Association
will be fruitless.
Fewer Accidents in Elevators
To Be Result of Standard Code
?
Governing what is called the great
est transportation system, American
engineers have devised a code to safe
guard the millions carried daily by
the nation's elevators. Development,
now complete; of this safety code for
elevators, as it has been officially
styled, was the work of more than
Ave years, during which industrial
boards and commissions in - many
atates, the United States bureau of
standards, the American Institute of
Architects, Insurance companies and
manufacturers co-operated with the
society's committee headed'by Chair
man John W. Upp of the General
Electric Company, Schenectady. N. T.
In this country, it was stated, there
are about 156.000 elevators, and the
code is designed to apply to all of
these. New York city leads with
18,000, and Chicago is second with
9.000. According to the chairman of
the committee, the elevators of New
York daily transport 6,000,000 pas
sengers. more than all the railway
and street transportation systems
combined.
Writing Code Into Law.
These figures, supported by the
United States bureau of standards,
Include, according to a statement Is
sued by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, both passenger
and freight elevators embracing all
the different types, such as electric,
hydraulic, steam and hand power.
About 62.00'J elevators in the United
States, the experts found, are oper
ated electrically. There are about
20.000 hand-power elevators, the re
maining 23.000 power elevators being
of the hydraulic, steam, and belted
type. States and cities, and even for
eign countries, particularly Japan,
are considering the adoption of the
code, which, like the boiler code and
power test codes of the society, is
working its way into state and mu
nicipal law throughout the country.
Reduction of accidents with their
heavy toll of human life is the aim
of the elevator safety code. "The
larger a city is and the more con
gested the business district the
greater will be the number of eleva
tors per thousand population," said
the society's statement. "Safe as
modern elevator travel is, there are
si ill a large number of elevator acci
dents. The number of fatal accidents
throughout the country reported by
press clipping bureaus for a period i
of five and one-half years was 978,
while the non-fatal accidents totaled
1.3S?. -
Elevators Seldom Fall.
"It is safe to assume that the total
accidents in the entire country during
this period was at least twice this
number. New York city alone, ac
cording to tho coroner's records,
killed not less than 721 persons In a
period of two years, while Chicago
lists 401 fatalities for a period of
thirteen years.
"Contrary to popular opinion, only
a very small percentage of thp total
number of accidents are due to the
dropping of the elevators; certainly
not over 6 per cent are attributable
to this cause; modern safety devices
and higher factors of safety for cables
have practically eliminated falling
cars as a source of accident.
"Approximately three-quarters of
the fatal and serious non-fatal acci
dents occurring in the United States
occur at the hoistway doors and,
strangely enough, these accidents are
almost evenly divided between the
classifications: 'Falling down the
hoistway' and "crushed by moving
car.' Practically all such accidents
may be eliminated by the Installation
of Interlock-) which will prevent the
movement of the car while the hoist
way door is opened or unlocked, and
will hold the hoistway door locked
when the car is not at the landing.
The new safety code for elevators
urges tho use of such Interlocks on
all passenger elevators.
"This code was prepared by a com
mitt* on whlph were repreeentattves
of practically all Interests concerned;
?levator manufacturers. Insurance lnT
terests, manufactui*rs of elevator
ajiecialties, stats Mia munielpal offl
cials and the United States bureau of
standards.
Forming Perqpaaeat Committee.
"There is now in course of forma
tion a permanent elevator code com
mittee which will be sponsored by
the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, the America^ Institute of
Architects, and the United states bu
reau of standards. A representative
sectional committee working under
the direction of these sponsors and
under the rules of procedure of the
American engineering standards com
mittee will revise this code from time to
time, keeping it up to date, and will as
sist in the interpretation and revision
of local municipal or state codes based
on it, if so requested.
"There is no doubt that a standard
code for elevators is highly desirable,
but few people have ever considered
that It is virtually necessary if such
equipment is to be built and installed
at a minimum cost. At the present
time elevator builders must consult
city ordinances or state codes with
regard to allowable speeds, factors of
safety of machines, cables, sizes,
safety devices permitted, size of guide
rails and innumerable other details.
In other words at the present time
each elevator is practically a special
order Job.
"If there were uniform state laws
and city ordinances covering eleva
tors the manufacturers could stand
ardize practically all of their equip
ment) and could consequently sell
their product for less than the pres
ent price. Business men are begin
ning to awaken to the value of
standardized production."
Lady Astor Still
A Real American
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, April 15.?When Lady
Waldorf-Astor arrivea in New York
aboard the Olympic Wednesday erf
route to Baltimore and Washington
as a delegate to the pan-American
conference of the National League of
Women Voters she will be greeted
not only as one of the British nobil
ity, but also as "Nanny L<anghorne?
of the Virginia Langhornes."
For, despite her long succession of
triumphs, social and political, since
she sailed away from this country
as the American bride of a British
viscount to become a member of the
court of King Edward VII, Lady Astor
has remained characteristically Amer
ican. She has'retained her vivacious
personality, her Virginian drawl and
her southern beauty, as she contin
ues to disregard the tradition-bound
barriers of English custom.
"I was born an American and I'm
proud of it," is one of her most oft
quoted expressions.
Lady Astor was born and reared at
Miredor, the country estate of her fa
ther, Chiswell (Chilly) Dabany
Langhorne. In Albermarle county, Va.
She was christened "Nancy Wltcher
Langhorne." but this became "Nanny"
In her childhood, and the name clung.
According to her playmates, "Nanny"
was somewhat of a tomgirl.
She had one mafital adventure be
fore she announced her engagement
to the then Maj. William Waldorf
Astor, son of the British viscount and
heir to the title. She had married
Robert Gould Shaw, 2d, of Boston In
1S97. only to gain her freedom
through the courts six years later. It
was said that the "little rebel" failed
to adjust herself to the family tradi
tions of the Shaws, who were known
as strict abolitionists.
After she had won over Viscount
Astor to the alliance with his family
LAdy Astor's career has been a suc
cession'of triumphs. Her social posi
tion became assured when King Ed
ward invited himself to her home and
personally mad* out the guest list for
the affair.
It was related that on this occasion
several of the woman guests sug
gested a game of bridge when it be
come aiwarent that King Edward
was being monopolized by the former
American girl.
"I can't play the game," Lady Actor
Is reported to have stfld. Then she
added, naively, '1 wouldn't know a
king from a knave." .The kin*
straightway bseune her devoted
friend. 1
? *
??j s '
The Story the Week Has Told
0Y HENRY W. BUNN.'
fHB following la a brief summary of
the most Important news of the world
for the seven days ended April 151
, Tfce Genoa Coifernce.?The Genoa confer
ence Is so vast and complicated a subject that
I shall not attempt to do more than "touch
the high spots."
The conference was opened on April 10.
Premier Facta of Italy making the openinff
speech, and thereafter being elected chair
man. Then speeches by the heads of the
British. French, Belgian, Japanese, German
and Russian delegations. Alone of the speak
ers, Chancellor Wirth of Germany was not
cheered.
The motif of Llo^d George's speech was
"peace and co-operation." The motif of M.
Barthou's speech was "make haste slowly."
He declared that France Is neither militaristic
nor unsympathetic with the alms of the con
ference, but reminded Via hearers that two
subjects are taboo In the conference?repara
tions and the post-war treaties. ,
Chicherin, acting up to his reputation, pro
duced the sensation of the day. IJe declared
that propaganda was far from the thoughts
of the soviet delegation?that the soviet gov
ernment was ready to give adequate guar
antees for foreign nationals doing business
in Russia, and to make many concessions.
(Cheers). But at this point the Muscovite seem
ed to be rapt away, ^e saw in .vision a series
of conferences ending in a "universal confer
Snce." He was willing, he said, to Jalk about
isarmament. Bpssla would disarm, if other
nations would do the same and give guar
antees in addition.
M. Barthou is on his feet. To provide for a
series of-conferences, he says, would be to
usurp a function of the league of nations. As
to discussion of disarmament, the French
answer Is "a definite, categorical, decisive,
final no." Let there be a ruling on this mat
ter at once. Chicherin slyly quoted Lloyd
George and Briaitid in support of his proposal
of a series of conferences. As for discussion
of disarmament, he had been betrayed into an
indiscretion by his real for peace. He would.
of" course, abide by the rules.
; * * * *
Now, some accept Chlcherin's "noble indiscre
tion" explanation of his disarmament refer
ence. while others call it barefaced propa
ganda and an attempt to divide the allies.
Still others are so low-minded as to suggest
that the Germans and the Muscovites are in
"cahoot." At any rate, several times since
the passage of arms above described the Rus
sians have avoided by precisely the calculated
margin of a hair introduction of the disarma
ment question, and the Germans, with like
nicety of calculation, have refrained from
violating the taboo on discussion of repara
tions.
But "back to our muttons," so to speak.
The situation created by Chicherin's noble in
discretion was almost too delicate to be
breathed on. Chairman Facta hesitated, but
Lloyd George stepped into the breach and by
this act was clearly revealed as the Boss of
the show.
"As fpr extra subjects," said he (I para
phrase a little), "which M. Chicherin wants
to bring in. I ask him not to insist. He will
find enough to do here. I suppose I did say
something about other conferences, but it is
true* that conferences are the special care of
the league of nations. As for a universal
conference. I don't believe I could last through
it I am sure M. Chicherin will not insist."
* * * * *
Thus ended the fi^st day. The next day
was devoted to committee organization, but
the tedium was relieved by two more noble
indiscretions by Chicherin. He wanted the
Japanese thrown out of the conference be
cause of their behavior toward, the FRr East
ern Republic, and he wanted 'the Rumanians
thrown out because they wouldrt't turn over
Bessarabia to Russia. Chairman Facta chose
to consider M. Chicherln's proposals silly, and
sat down on him with considerable energy.
Four principal committees were organised?
on Russia, on finance, on economics and on
transport?and these. In turn, organized their
subcommittees, which will do most of the
work. Bach committee will use as the basis
of Its work the applicable part of the report
'recently drawn up by the.committee of allied
experts In London, which report is based en
the Cannes resolutions.
It appears that against the recommendations
of the allied experts' report concerning Rus
sia the Russians have counter-propositions,
some 300 pages of "em. These were to be
submitted yesterday, but there was delay.
Already they have submitted a description of
a new judicial system they propose for Rus
sia, which is said not at all to meet the views
of the other delegates. Precisely what the
Russians would be after Is not clear. Partly ?
they seem to be trying on the conference the
hocus pocus which worked so beautifully at
Riga the other day, and which In times past
has been more or less successful in Kabul.
Tashkent, Urga, London and everywhere, and
partly It seems to be propaganda.
I say "seems," for I am as eager as M.
Barthou to give the Russians credit for sincer
ity, when K clearly appears, but their conduct
so far seems to Indicate that they can no more
desist from propaganda than Dr. Wlrth can
desist from challenging Job's laurels. M.
Chlcherln cannot sneeze other than propa
gandaishly.
Let us leave them there In the beautiful
Palace of St. George, debating those hard
subjects, stabilization of exchanges, deflation
of currency, a monetary standard, transport,
an international consortium?this and t'other
of the like. Above all, Russia?what to do
about Russia and what Russia will submit
to have done and to do. *
* * * *
Semenoff.?The daily press has featured the_
indignities to which Gen. Semenoff has been
subjected since his arrival In New York city
on April 6. The general has finally been laid
b^ the heels, clapped In quod, immured in
Ludlow street jail on a warrant issued at the
instance of a trading company, which claims
that Semenoff while operating in Siberia stole
property of theirs to the value of some half a
million dollars.
I am not Interested In these vulgar details,
except as such treatment of the greatest hero
since Hector brings discredit on my country.
Semenoff is sure to emerge triumphant from
his present difficulties. Often enough in the
past, declared by the cables done for, as good
as extinct, he loomed again superb, imperial,
amid the Siberian murk. Singular, is it not.
that in the recent press notices of Semenoff
no allusion is made to bis true significance?
Semenoff is, to be sure, a Cossack of Trans
baikalia in Siberia. As a Siberian ? he had
done what you please. But the Mongolian
Buriats have their habitat in the Lake Baikal
region. The Cossacks have Intermarried a
pood deal with the Buriats. It is possible
that Semenov has the blood of Jenghiz Khan
in his veins?in fact, I do believe so. It ac
counts for the choicc. some years ago, by the
Mongolians of Mongolia of Semenoff as Inke or
Duke of Mongolia. We should forget Ata
man Semenoff and fix our inward optics on
Mongolian Semenoff, Inke Semenoff. For the
Mongolian Semenoff is the "only begettor" of
a conception the most daring, the most beau
tiful. the most beneficent ever evolved by
the human brain?the conception, in fine, of a
league of nations unspoiled by civilization of
which he should be supreme ruler?a concep
tion greater than any that ever tickled the
cerebellum of his ancestor, Jenghiz Khan.
Semenoff once gave out that the following
named countries were qualified, for Inclusion
in such a league, viz.: Mongolia. Eastern
Turkestan, Tibet. Russian Turkestan. Bok
hara. Khiva. Afghanistan, Persia, Transcaspia,
Kurdistan, Arabia. The above understood, the
real object of Semenoff's visit to this country,
not hitherto disclosed, becomes apparent?
namely, to present in person to our govern
ment an invitation to membership in the
league of unspoiled nations, which the above
mentioned countries have approved "in prin
ciple" and will unite in setting up. if we
will go in. too. By seizing this opportunity
the republican party will rid itself of a vexed
issue.
Before his incarceration Inke Semenoff was
entertained at the Hotel Waldorf. Curious
bus-patrons wondered what could be that new
flair which caught the breezes In so galllard a
fashion. I can enlighten them?It was the
flag of the league of unspoiled nations. Vet
Uf rally to that standard with the unspoiled
children from Mongolia to Arabia, Mongols
and Kirghiz, Usbegs and Klpchaks, Kurds,
Arabs of the desert and dwellers In Ferghana
and high Pamir.
? * * *
China.?Certain details of a recent report
from China ars of a complexion so fantastlo
that credulity boggles at them. This report
Is to the following effect i
A coalition has been formed against Gen. Wu
Pel-Fu, inspector general (I. e., military com
mander or super-tuchun) of the Yangtze or
central China group of provinces; which coali
tion includes Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, President of the
Canton Republic; Gen. Chang Tso-Lin, In
spector general of Manchuria and Chinese
Warwick, and (will you believe It?) old Tuan
Chi-Jui and Little Hsu. The Anfu clique, of
which Tuan Chl-Jul and Little Hsu were of
old the most prominent members, has been
revived. In this precious coalition extremes
do meet and mean one thing: the scatter
brain "liberal," the loquacious and dubious
Bun Yat-Sen, and the grim reactionary, the
one-time bandit, the master of "squeeze,"
Chang Tso-Lin. Little Hsu Is a twenty-four
c&rut rascal.
Of the coalition leaders mentioned, old Tuan
Chl-Jul Is the one who seems most deserving
of respect. He is a hide-bound reactionary,
but some think he is honest. There is nothing
strange in the reconciliation of northern re
actionaries, nor, indeed. Is there anything to
surprise the philosopher In the alliance of
Sun Yat-Sen and Chang Tso-Lin for the pur
pose of eliminating a man so dangerous as is
Wu Pei-Fu to either, because of a popularity
due to a reputation for Integrity and dis
interested patriotism (a reputation which for
eigners who know him say Is deserved); but
the following is almost too GUbertlan for be
lief: "The coalition program contemplates the
Installation of Sun Yat-Sen as president, and
Tuan Chi-Jui as vice president, under the con
dition that Sun Yat-Sen retire to America, per
mitting Tuan to assume the presidency," with
Chang Tso-Lin recognized as the real boss of
the show. One wonders what role Gen. Chen
Kwang Ming. - governor of Kwang-Tung (a
man reputed of the same kidney as Wu Pel
Fu), Is playing in this bizarre business. It is
perhaps significant that his name is not men
tioned In dispatches, while Little Hsu Is re
ported to command one of Suit Yat-Sen's
armies.
In the coalition arrangements the present
president of the Peking government, that ele
gant but Ineffectual literatus, Hsu Shih-Chang,
Is ignored. Most critics of China scout the
possibility of restoration of the Manchu
dynasty, but complete canvass of possibilities
must Include that one, however remote. Hsuan
Tung, the deposed emperor, is living In re
tirement in Peking, respected and liked. And
is not that redoubtable hero, Chan Hsun, who
once restored him to the throne for a few
minutes, in command of Chang Tso-Lin's ef
ficient army? What. C Chang Tso-Lin, thou
Chinese Warwick, dost thou intend to do,
after thou hast made a meal of Wu Pei-Fu?
* * * *
\ote^?The domestic news budget this week
is meager. The strikes of textile workers in
New Kngl.ind and the great coal strike con
tinue, with no extraordinary development. The
coal strike seems t<f be gradually spreading
among the non-union miners, but to what ex
tent it is difficult to determine.
Astounding etatements were made in the
House on Tuesday charging the Secretary of
War and the Attorney General with laxness or
indifference (and, indeed, something worse)
in the matter of prosecutions for fraud in
connection with war contracts and sales of
surplus war property. The two cabinet mem
bers have replied, denying the accusations.
Secretary Weeks with the heat natural to one
whose personal integrity is called in ques
tion.
I must postpone to next week notice of the
Irish situation, which continues "of a delicacy";
of the German reparations-situatlon. In which
there has been an important development, and
of other matters less Important.
American Women and Their Latin-American Sisters
To Discuss Past Achievements and Plan for Future
?
WITH two of the planks in
its last year's platform
firmly nailed down as a
result of legislation en- |
acted by Congress since its second
annual convention In Cleveland last
spring, the National League of
Women Voters will meet in Baltimore
this week to review the progress
made, discuss the present situation
and decide on a legislative program
for another year.
Preceding the convention proper
will be 'a round-table conference at
tended ly about 2,000 American and
between 200 and 300 Latin. American
delegates, the object of which is to
promote international friendliness
and to bring the women of the Amer
| leas closer in their discussion of In
ternational problem# affecting espe
cially the Interests of women.
Foor Objectives Won.
Pour objectives have been won
since the . first convention of the
I league, in 1920, the old National
American Woman Suffrage Associa
tion having disbanded in 1919 and re
organized as the League of Women
Voters. These are the victories to
which the league will point with
pride: The woman's bureau in the De
partment of liabor has been ij^de
permanent, an interdepartmental so
cial hygiene board established, and
j within the last twelve months the fed<
| cral meat-packing control bill has been
enacted and the maternity bill has
been passed by Congress and accept
ed by. thirty-nine states.
Furthermore, bills are now pending
in Congress to provide for a depart
ment of education, -for the reclassifi
cation of the. civil service and for the
separate naturalization of married
women, all three having been since
Its organization on the legislative
program of the league.
Procnun for Another Year.
The recommended program for
1922-23 on which the convention will,
act includes active support of ade
quate appropriations to continue the
work of the women's bureau, child
welfare work and the Interdepart
mental hygiene board, continued ac
tivity in behalf of the proposed fed
eral department of education, the re
classification bill, independent citi
zenship for women, and further ef
fort to reduce the high cost of living
by the support of federal legislation
removing all legal restrictions which
hamper the effectiveness of co-opera
tive associations organized and con
ducted In accordance with Rochdale
principles.
Nor will the league relax its vigi
lance in regard to packer control be
cause of the enactment of the law.
It is recommended "that the opera
tion of the judicial decree of 1920,
Issued under the agreement between
the United States Attorney General
and the packers, also the effectlve
[ ness of the law regulating the pack
ers enacted by Congress hi 1921, be
treated as subjects for continued In
vestigation and report."
Afml ,as to' Principle. *
j Like the National Woman's Party,
the league stands for federal legis
lation for Independent citizenship for
married women, btit it takes Issue
with the woman's party by advocat
ing work In the states for specific
measures to. remova lsgal and petit}
TO BE PROMINENT AT INTERNATIONAL GATHERING OF WOMEN.
Mrs. 6olon Jacobs
of AUfeawta
lapy Nancy Astor-s(m.p)
oi eiugt^ni
Doha i>ei?tha "lutz.
opflrajil
/A/AZ Tjomas Breton1 Miss Emily Rnedbuhl AVmx;Jaodbo^AR?LAv
Oi Argentina - Or MimteSota ? Of Uruguay
cal Injustices and Inequalities in
stead of the blanket ' equal rights
bills, such as the one already enacted
in Wisconsin and advocated by the
woman's party to be enacted by all
state legislatures.
The disagreement is as to method,
the league indorsing the points enu
merated in the blanket bills, such
as equal guardianship of children,
equal interest In and control of "prop
erty by married people and eligibil
ity of women for Jury service.
Other measures recommended by
the league's committee on uniform
laws, of which Urs. Catharine Waugh
McCulloch Is chairman, are abolition
of common-law marriages, minimum
marrkg* uttfcoat consent of - guar* I
?ft
dlan for women to be eighteen
years, *for men twenty-one years;
causes for divorce to be the same for
men and women, and statutes to pro
hibit the evasion of marriage laws
in other states; minimum age of con
sent to be eighteen years; mothers*
pensions, with minimum' amount ade
quate and definite, and that abandon
ment of wife and child be made a
criminal offense, for which evtradi
tlon may be demanded.
Pu-AaterteaB Braid Table.
At the Pan-American round table
conferences, April 20-21, the discus
sion of child welfare will be ledsby
Mtts Grace Abbott of Chicago, chief
of the children's bureau of the De
partment of Labor; education, by Miss
Julia Abbott of the United States bu- >
reau of education; women in Indus
try, by Miss Mary Anderson of Chica
go. chief of the woman's bureau;
United States Department of Labor;
prevention of traffic In women, by
Dr. Valeria Parker, secretary of the
United States interdepartmental so
cial hygiene board; civil status of
women, by Mrs. Mabel Walker Wille
brandt. assistant attorney general,
United States Department of Justice,
ami the political status of women, by
Mr?. Carrie Chapman Catt, president
or the' International Suffrage Alli
ance.
Church -aervleea. in the- morning,
u'
VITAL ISSUES COMPLICATE
TACNA AND ARICA DISPUTE
Negotiations Between Chile and Peru to
Be Conducted Here May Have Far
Reaching Consequences.
BY BEX McKBLWAY.
AS the delegates from Chile and
Peru are arriving In the United
States and the time approaches
for their conference over the
disputed provinces of Tacna and Arlca
and the unfulfilled provisions of the An
con treaty, two interesting opinions are
gaining weight in well informed quar
ter*.
First?Peru and Chile will settle their
difficulties.
Second?Bolivia's contentions for an
outlet to the sea, though officially ban
ned from this conference, is bound to
come under consideration, with Indica
tions thait there will be some definite
pronouncement on the subject.
MEDIATION BY THE IT. 9.
PROBABLY NECESSARY.
The United States invited Chile and i
Peru to meet In Washington In an ef- j
fort to adjust their long-standing con
troversy, with the understanding that
should this be impossible, this country
would attempt to mediate their differ
ences. It Is a foregone conclusion that
Chile and Peru will not be able to reach
an agreement without mediation from a
third party. Several reasons are ad
vanced in support of this assertion?one,
that past attempts have been fruitless,
and another that neither the Peruvian
nor the Chilean delegates are going to
shoulder the responsibility for an agree
ment while there remains a chance to
shift that responsibility to a third par.y,
especially when the third party happens
to be the United States. Political par
ties in both Peru and Chile, it is said,
are waiting to make capital of the set- j
tlement of the T&cna-Arica dispute. !
Whatever may be the outcome, one of
the countries is bound to feel it has
lost something in the settlement. And !
this fact would be seized upon readily
by politicians who might use it to kin
dle a sentiment against the government
under which the. negotiations were con
ducted. On the other hand, if the ad
ministrations In both republics are able
to point to the fact that they were pow
erless to do other than accept the ver
dict reached under mediation by the
United States, they would be absolved,
to a certain extent, of the responsibility.
AMERICAN PRESTIGE
MAY BE INVOLVED.
So the question resolves itself to one
of mediation by the United States,
which is the basis for the argument
that the forthcoming conference will b?
successful in accomplishing its purpose.
It is argued that the United States ex
tended its invitation to Peru and Chile
only after a certain amount of assur
ance had been gained that the confer- j
ence would lead the way t9 a perma
nent settlement between them. In ad
dition, it is pointed out that should the
United States be unable successfully to
mediate the Chile-Peru differences, the
prestlgfc of this country would suffer
not only In the countries directly con
cerned, but throughout the whole of
Latin America. And this is something
to be avoided as long as there remains a
way open to do the other thing, and add
to the prestige which this country now
enjoys in the southern hemisphere.
Bolivia has been shut out of the
conference, the door slammed in her
face. When she appealed to President
Harding to include her as a part in
the settlement of the questions evolv
Ins from the war of the Pacific. Peru,
and Chile wer# sounded for theifc
sentiment in this regard. Both re
fused to include Bolivia, and the
United States could do no other than
accept their answer.
BOLIVIA MIGHT MAKE
TROUBLE IX FUTURE.
So officially there will be no Bolivian
side to the Tacna-Arica dispute al
though it is difficult to see how it can
be avoided. Aside entirely from the
right or wrong principles involved in
the contentions of Bolivia for an out
let to the sea. there can be no as
surance of peace or satisfaction over
a settlement of the Tacna-Arica affair
until Bolovia's claims have been given
a hearing. Peru and Chile may leave
Washington satisfied over the settle
ment of their own quarrel, but only
to face a growing resentment in
Bolivia over a state of* affairs that
is feit to be ,unjust and unfair.
Bolivia is a country whose potent!*'
alities cannot be ignored. She is sur
passed in wealth and strength now
by both Peru and Chile. But Bolivia
is a country which is to develop; a
country whose untouched resources
compare favorably with those of the
republics which adjoin her on the
west. With her development will
grow the necessity for her* economic
independence, something which can
not be gained if she is denied access
to the sea and the privilege of un
hampered trade and commerce with
the nations of the world.
With her growth in strength and
wealth will come a menace to the.
peaceful development of western
South America, and it is difficult to
see how, in the conference about to
convene here, this menace can be
ignored.
SURRENDERED HER CLAIMS
IX TREATY WITH CHILE.
Chile's answer to Bolivia's conten
tions for a voice in the settlement of
tfie Tacna-Arica dispute, is a treaty,
drawn some time after the close of
the war of the Pacific, by which
Bolivia ceded her coastal territories
to the victorious republic. When it
comes to a consideration of things
written in black and white, Chile's
arguments that Bolivia's claims have
no part ,n the question at issue would
appear 4*nvincing.
But it must be remembered that a
Chilean-Bolivian quarrel brought on
the devastating w^r of the Pacific,
which later involved Peru. And the
"questions of the Pacific" rankle
Bolivia today as much as they do
Chile or Peru.
For Bolivia it is a question now of
an outlet to the sea?the inherent
right of every country so situated
geographically that it is possible. It
is a question of whether she will re
main forever at the mercy of her
neighbors, or whether she will be
granted the opportunity for the un
tramn^eled development of which she
in capable.
It virtually must come as a matter
of course that when Peru and Chile
meet at the council board in the
j building of the Pan-American Union
the Bolivian problem will form an in
tegral part of the Pacific question.
And it is assured that in its media
tion the United States will strain
every point tp see that justice is
done, whatever may be the final out
come, and that this conference for
peace will set a new mark in Pan
American dealings such as must affect
beneficially the entire western hem
isphere.
U. S. Government Takes Pride
In Exposition Building in Brazil
The United States will have every
reason to (eel proud of the building
which this government is erecting in
Rio de Janeiro Brazil, to serve as a part
of the exposition to be held in cele
bration of the 100th anniversary of
the independence of that South
American republic, and which after
ward will serve as the United States
embassy, according to Frank Pack
ard of Columbus. Ohio, who is in
charge of the planning and construc
tion of the building.
Mr. Packard, who was appointed by
President Harding to supervise this
work, and who returned to this country
Friday, arter two months in Rio de Ja
neiro. made a personal report yesterday
to the President at the White House of
the progress being made. He also
showed the President the blue print
plans of the building and the surround'
ing grounds, as well as samples of the
native woods and granite to be used in
the construction and interior finishing
The President expressed much in
terest in this activity inasmuch as
this building will be the first em
bassy building the United States has
constructed in a foreign country and
will be the third one to be owned by
it, the other two being in Peking,
China, and in London, England.
Beauty of Deals*.
Mr. Packard explained that especial
pains have been taken in providing a
building that will offer beauty of de
sign as well as permanency and
practicability. The design is what
is known as Portuguese colonia], and
the material will be gray granite ob
t&ined from quarries located in the
mountains a blvort distance from ttw
exposition grounda The exterior ?
trimmings will be made with a pink
polished martfle. also obtained from
nearby mountains. The interior
walls and other fittings will be in
imbubia wood and the floorings in
piroba wood, both of which, according
to Mr. Packard, are not only beauti
ful in appearance, but are partic
ularly serviceable. Aside from the
ground, the building will cost ap
proximately $250,000. and Mr. Pack
ard has /no hesitancy in saying that
in his estimation, it will compare
favorably with any other building
being erected within the exposition
grounds.
Other Countries Ma? Follow.
Since the announcement by thq
United States that its exposition build
ing would be used as the permanent
embassy building, it is considered
likely that a number of other coun
tries. erecting buildings in the expo
sition grounds, will do the same thing,
which, according to Mr. Packard, is a
most happy idea, inasmuch as it will
result in the creation of a colony of
foreign embassies of handsome de
sign beautifully located along the
water front. Mr. Packard said that
the United States was successful fn
obtaining the choicest site for iff
building, which fact will add much to
the building itself.
Ground for the construction work
was broken March 4 last, which serv
ed, incidentally, as a celebration of
the first anniversary of President
Harding's administration. The cere*
monies were most elaborate and in
teresting, and. according to Mr. Pack
ard, the corner stone laying. prob>
ably on May 30. Memorial day, yill bf
even more elaborate.
informal receptions during the after
noon. and an evening meeting at
which tributes will be paid to the
"famous women of the Americas"
will occupy the delegates on Sunday,
and the convention sessions will open
on Monday} April 24, and continue
throughout the week. At the mass
meeting to be held Monday night to
discuss the continued high cost of
living the speakers will Include Sec
retary of Agriculture Wallace, Sena
tor Arthur Capper of Kansas and
Huston Thompson, chairman of the
Federal Trade Commission.
The "value of women in office" and
the question, "Should the league in
dorse or oppose candidates?" will be
discussed on Wednesday, and at the
evening meeting the principal speak
er and guest of honor will he Lady
Nancy Astor. formerly Miss Nancy
Langhorne of Virginia, now a Brit
ish M. P., who will be entertained
during convention week by Mr. and
Mrs. John W. Garrett at their home,
near Baltimore.
VUlt Wuklactoi Friday.
Thursday will be devoted to con
vention plans and decisions, and Fri
day will be spent in Washington, the
state delegations calling on their
j senators and representatives at the
j Capitol and holding in the evening a
meeting at the Pan-American build
ing, at which the- speakers will In
clude the Secretary of State, the
British ambassador, the ambassador
of Chile, Dr. I* S. Rowe, director of
the Pan-American Union; Mrs. Rob
ert Lansing, representing the Wom
en's Auxiliary of the United States of
the Second Pin-American Scientific
Congress, and Mrs. Carrie Chapman
CatC rhc subject of dlacusslon at
the ' meeting will be "What th?'
Women of America Can Do (or In-1
ternational Friendliness."
The convention will conclude alj
unfinished business Saturday morn
ing:, and in the afternoon the Pan*
American and convention delegate*
and alternates will be received
Mrs. Harding at the White House.
Visitors From Latin Aantn.
The group of Latin American dele*
gates includes Mme. Le Breton, wif|
of the ambassador of Argentina)
Mme. Vareia, wife of the minister ol
Uruguay; Mme. Matilda Carbo, win
of the former minister of Kcuadon
and Senora Arcadia Zalles. daught?j
of the former minister of Bolivia
Others less well known In Washing
ton. and stjll others who will b<
making their first visit to this couru
try, are Mme. Dickinson of the Na<
tional Council of the Women of Art
gentina;' Senorita Moreau of Bueno|
Aires; Senorita Cella de Vltale <J
Paraguay, Dona Bertha LiUtz, the firs
woman to hold the office of secretarj
?nt the National Museum of Brazil
Senora Merccdes de Guevera at Ven
czuela, Mme. Marie Coronado of CO
lombia. Senora de Queros of Cost
Rica, Senorita Mercedes Lalncz ?
Honduras, Senorita Marie . Clothihii
Vega of Nicaragua, Mme. Franclso*
Latour of Guatemala. Senora Est*
de Calvo of Panama and Senora Em
ma Lopez Sena de Carrido, foundct
and president of El Clut Demlnino di
Cuba.
Two Canadian women, the Honorable
Agnes McPhall. the first woman mem
ber of parliament: and Dr. Graci
Richie England of Montreal, also wif
attend the conference.
The foreign guests will take pan
lit the conference and will have th|
privilege of the floor at all session!
of the convention as guests, but tui
' as voting members of (kt leagus.