Evening star. [volume], March 28, 1924, Page 6, Image 6

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6
THE EVENING STAR
With Sunday Morning Edition.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
FRIDAY March 28. 1924
THEODORE W. NOYES Editor
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lished herein. All right* of publication of
arterial dispatches herein are also resected.
Daugherty Quits the Cabinet.
Resignation of Attorney General
Daugherty, at the request of President
Cooiidge. cornea as an inevitable and
expected sequel of the situation in
which the Department of Justice finds
itself. The President did not request
Mr. Daugherty’s resignation because
of any charges of wrong-doing which
have been made against him. He
recognized the Attorney General's
right to a full and fair investigation,
and sympathized with his desire not to
retire under fire, hut the time came
when the circumstances were such
that Mr. Daugherty no longer could
function as the legal adviser of the
President, and he had to give way to
some one who could give advice di
vested of personal interest.
Mr. Coolidge’s letter asking for his
Attorney General’s resignation is as
tacking in harshness as it is complete
in logic. All generalities ore brushed
aside, and a concrete case is used to
illustrate the necessity the President
was under of calling for the resigna
tion. Mr. Daugherty’s most ardent
friends cannot dispute the soundness
of the President's reasoning, and it
cannot be shown that the Attorney
General was sacrificed either to pub
lic clamor or to meet the ends of
political expediency.
The President, indeed, might have
gone much farther in showing where
the personal interests of Mr. Daugh
erty conflicted with his duties as At
torney General of the T'niled States
and legal adviser of the administra
tion. but if was not necessary. The
instance utilized contained all the
argument to have been found in any
number of cases. A committee of the
Senate had called for production of
certain records and jiapers bearing on
the administration of the Department
of Justice. As the Attorney General
Is responsible to the President for the
conduct of his office, Mr. Coolidge
would have had to shoulder responsi
bility for any decision Mr. Daugherty
made in respect to the Senate com
mittee's request. Naturally, the Presi
dent required advice as to whether
production of the papers was contrary
to the public interest, and Mr. Daugh
erty was not in position to give dis
interested advice. The conclusion is
obvious.
baying aside the question as to
whether Mr. Daugherty has been per- |
serially guilty of wrongdoing or had I
guilty knowledge of the wrongdoing
of his friends, there will be few who
will not think that under the condi
tions his retirement is in the best in
terest of the public service.
Increasing Progressive Strength.
G«v. McMasters won the nomination
for United States senator in South j
Dakota by a majority which would j
seem to assure his election in Novem- j
her. If it falls out that way the pro- 1
gressive and radical bloc in the Sen
ate will be increased, for be is likely to
join the I.a Follette ranks when he
takes hi» seat. Senator Sterling, whom
he defeated, while not regarded as an
ultraconservative, was yet in line with
the regular republicans on important
questions and party issues, and never
played with the radical bloc.
Thus the troubles of old-line leaders j
will be enhanced when they swing
into action with the “balance of
power’* wielded by the radical bloc.
Moreover, there are the voters to be
reckoned with In November in the
oase of other candidates for the Sen
ate. If the South Dakota result is a
straw indicating the direction of the
political wind in the western sector
there may be further surprises for the
line leaders at the polls.
All of which is byway of warning to
the gentlemen whose thoughts will
soon be intent upon the framing of
the republican party’s platform for
the national convention. The admoni
tion is writ large upon the wall that
the republicans will have to make
their platform progressive if in the
indicated state of public feeing they
hope for Victory in November.
Advocates of government ownership
will observe with discouragement what
a herd time Uncle Sam luts in hanging
on to even his present possessions.
Poincare Holds On.
It is a matter for general con
gratulation that Raymond Poincare
is to continue In power in France, at
least until the vital matters now In
process of evolvement are brought to
consummation. M. Poincare may not
be the easiest sort of person to get
along with, but it is much better to J
get somewhere even with an arbi
trary man than to get nowhere with
one of better nature, and however
much we may like or dislike the
destinations M. Poincare has set out
for, It must be conceded that he has a
way of arriving there. When the Poin
care ministry ‘'fell" this week there
was every promise that Europe was on
the verge of settlement of problems
which since the armistice have vexed
her almost to the point of ruin. Had
a new man been called to rule in
France much or all of this advance
might have been lost through the
necessity of fresh beginnings.
There was, in fact, no man in sight
who seemed capable of taking up and
carrying on the program which Poin
care has forwarded bo relentlessly. M.
Briand would have been the natural
selection for premier, had the Poin
care defeat in parliament l>een a genu
ine overthrow of government. M.
Briand is an able statesman and a
man of most amiable disposition, but
under his premiership in France Eu
rope drifted away from instead of to
ward settlement of post-war problems.
His very amiability was his greatest
handicap. The problems which con
front Europe, especially the problem
of German reparations, are not such
as yield to good-natured negotiation.
The Inalled fist was needed to bring
Germany to her senses, and it was the
mailed fist Poincare used, without
stint or any softening of the blows. At
times it seemed as if he might plunge
Europe into a new war, but on the
other hand was the abyss of economic
ruin, and Poincare had the courage
to hold a steadfast course.
But France needs Poincare even
more in domestic than in International
affairs. His drastic program of in
creased taxation and government re
trenchment. brought through a stormy
conflict almost to success, is the bit
ter. but necessary, medicine France
must take to restore her financial
health. It is doubtful if Briand or any
other jwssible successor in the premier
ship could have completed the course
of treatment.
National Gallery Building.
In the last few days two public
men have spoken plainly in favor of
the construction of a building for the
National Gallery of Art. Plans for
such a building will soon be drawn,
and the information has been given
out that a strong sentiment exists in
the Senate and House favorable to
making the necessary appropriation
that the government's art collection,
now valued at several million dollars,
and .growing rapidly, shall be fittingly
housed. Valuable paintings are stored
in the basement and in nooks and
crannies of the natural history build
ing of the National Museum, and
space occupied by that part of the
art collection on public exhibition is
needed by the Hmithsonian Institution
for exhibits of archeology and anthro
pology. Recently Senator Medill Mc-
Cormick of Illinois, who is a member
of the board of regents of the Smith
sonian. which is'the custodian of the
National Gallery of Art. .“aid that
“any plan for the consruction of need
ed public buildings at Washington—
and there is great need for such struc
tures —should include a building for
the National Gallery of Art.” Repre
sentative Newton of Minnesota, who
was recently appointed by Speaker Oil
lett as a member of the board of re
gents of the Smithsonian, expressed !
himself as believing that “one of the j
greatest needs of the Smithsonian In- j
stitution is for a suitable fireproof j
building, specially designed, in which j
the National Gallery of Art may be J
properly displayed for the education j
and pleasure of the hundreds of thou- j
sands of persons from every state in •
the Union who visit their National
Capital annually.” He said that two
of the fine collections in the Smith
sonian—the anthropological collection,
covering the history of man, and the
art treasures, which are worth some
$.■>.000,000 —are now crowding each
other into the basement rooms and |
dark corridors. It Is his opinion that j
“for scientific as well as artistic cun- |
siderations the proposed new art gal- i
lery building should be erected as soon '
i as possible.”
i Practically the whole of the national
collection of art as it stands today
has been given to the people of (he
United States, and additions to the j
gallery by gift are being made at a
gratifying rate. The SIO,OOO required
for the making of plans for a gallery j
building was subscribed by persons i
who believe that the United States j
! should have one of the world’s great
I art collections at Washington, and
| that the collection should have an ap
j propriate building. With a creditable
j art gallery building the collection
would no doubt grow at a greater
rate than it has in the past.
“In my own time and in my own
way,” Senator Spencer is quoted. “I
will prove what I will prove." In the
midst of a whirlwind of gossip it is in
teresting to note so cautious and con- j
servative a statement. .;
Artificially colored salmoh is de- !
clared to be harmless and more at- |
tractive to the eye. Even the fish are j
entitled to their cosmetics.
Street Accidents.
The list of traffic fatalities in our j
streets lengthens. Since the first of
the year eighteen persons have been
killed outright or have died of injury
in automobile accidents in Washing
ton. Nearly all the victims have been
pedestrians, and several of them chil
dren. In some of these accidents it
has been said that the fault was chiefly
with the pedestrian. Several of the
children run down were playing in the
street or came so suddenly in front of
an automobile that the driver could
not stop it in time. In the latest kill
ing of an eight-year-old boy it is said
that he ran across the street and too
close in front of a moving car. This |
kind of accident happens often, and it
seems hard to find a remedy. Children
should not play in the street, but they
will. They will dart from the side
walk to chase a playfellow or a ball.
In addition to the list of persons killed
by automobiles in the streets the list
of persons seriously or permanently
injured is a long one.
This condition cannot continue with
out strong and radical measures being'
taken in the hope of correcting it.
■ There is no unavoidable traffic acci
dent. A car ought not to be driven in
a city street so fast that it cannot be
brought to a stop in its own length.
Even that might not prevent some
accidents, but most of the accidents
that disturb us now would be avoided
if a driver kept his car under such
control. It is believed that many
drivers cannot stop a car as quickly
when an emergency arises as they
could if there were no emergency. It
is possible that many a driver lacks
or loses “presence of mind.” Then
there arc too many machines that
move In the streets at twenty and
thirty miles an hour, speeding up to
pass another automobile, beat a street
THE EVENING STAB, WASHINGTON, D. C„ FRIDAY, MARCH 28. 3924.
car to a car stop or for one thing and
another. It is against the law, but a
large part of our population has come
to believe that It la ail right to violate
a law. With few arrests and little
punishment for breaking the speed
law, and with few police to enforce
the law. many drivers are indifferent.
We will come to the time when a man
before being allowed to drive a car
must prove that he Is sound in mind
and body, that he reacts normally and
that his eyes are good.
In the matter of pedestrians they,
too, will be regulated. Jay-walking |
will be made illegal, and jay-walkers
will be punished. At appointed cross
ings there will always be many pedes
trians who are old and Infirm, and at
crossings the responsibility for safety
must bo borne by drivers. At a num
ber of street intersections in Wash
ington we are perhaps not far from
the time when overhead or under
ground crossings will be necessary for
people afoot. It is a serious situation,
and is rapidly becoming more serious.
Dyed Salmon.
The sale of dyed fish reveals a mon
strous piece of dishonesty in trade.
Several days ago a dispatch told that
health officers at Philadelphia found
that “pointed fish” were being sold
They found that white salmon colored
with coni tar dye were being sold as
rod salmon, and Washington food in
i specters examining some red salmon
lon sale here found that they were
| while salmon dyed red. It is not un
derstood that the retail dealers knew
of the fraud, and it will be interesting
to learn where the fish were stained
red and how general the practice is.
It is a low kind of fraud, and must be
Immediately stamped out. The health
officer of the District has been quoted
as saying that the coloring matter
found in the fish is not necessarily
injurious, hut that there has been a
violation of the national food and
drug act, ;us well as local regulations,
in that white salmon is sold under the
name and guise of another and more
expensive variety. Under the food
and drugs act a food is regarded as |
adulterated “if it bo mixed, colored, |
powdered, coated or stained in a man- !
ner whereby inferiority is concealed.” ]
The finding of painted salmon is (
reminiscent of the old days when apple j
pulp and hay seed, stained and j
flavored, were sold as raspberry jam; j
when various things that were not j
coffee were sold as coffee, and when i
artificial butter was sold as the real j
thing. Great progress has been made
toward protecting the public against
food frauds, and this [minted fish case
will no doubt move the authorities to
prompt and effective measures.
j The bulletin of the physicians r ead |
j as follows: j
“Senator l.a Follette has developed |
i pneumonia. His preseni condition is;
j satisfactory."
Os course, the concluding statement ,
j does not express precisely what ilie
j doctors meant.
A rum ship off Nova Scotia, caught
in a storm without fuel, burned the
alcohol and reached port. This is one
of the few instances in which it can
be positively demonstrated that al
cohol ha* saved human life.
1 * ■■■ 1— - *
j Opening King Tin’s tomb was an ;
j event of enlightening interest involv- !
! ing no unhappy revelations touching ;
j current affairs. History may come to :
1 bo regarded as safe only when it is 1
3.000 years old.
Being very busily engaged. Mr. Wil- ]
liam McAdoo has not found time to j
I interview Mr. James Cox on the ques- ;
tion of who the logical democratic i
| presidential candidate really is’.
■
j A1 Jennings, in the midst of con- ;
| gressional sensations, now looks back 1
with aversion on the old days, when !
the only excitement life afforded was
a little thing like a train robbery.
No practical-minded statesman will !
approve of the tendency to make an '
ancient and obsolete campaign fund
3 leading topic of conversation on the
eve of another battle.
1 *
The chief ambition of some of the ;
witnesses is to tell an investigating
| committee something it does not wish
! to know.
| !
SHOOTING STAES.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON
Weather.
! Talkin’ ’bout the weather
Is now the proper thing.
1 Oh, let us get together
And hear the birdies sing.
The merry spring is boomin’
Throughout the sylvan scene. j
The crocuses are bloomin'
And the mint is gettin’ green.
Oh. sec the pretty sunrise
And hear the froggies croon! i
The stars will one by one rise
To greet the silver moon.
When gossip slips its tether.
We'd rather stand aloof.
Let's talk about the weather,
Because it’s scandal-proof.
Reckless Expenditure.
“Tour opponents are using money.”
."They’re not,” replied Senator Sor
ghum. “They think they are using
money, but they are only waiting It.”
Jud Tun kin s says he's in favor of
women in politics, but Congress just
now is no place for a lady.
' I
Complex Computation.
Reduce the taxes, if you can;
But if you can’t, Friend Congressman,
Oh, find some way and find it quick
To ease up the arithmetic.
A Bad Habit.
“History repeats itself,” said the
ready-made philosopher.
“Some of it," replied Miss Cayenne,
“should not be permitted to do so.”
‘ Don’ worry too much ’bout givin’
de devil his due,” said Uncle Eben.
“You'll generally find dat he has done
collected in advance.”
Beal Wise Ones.
From the New York Tribune.
In Washington they might say that
"the foolish virgins” who had no *ll
were in reality the wise ones.
THE NEW TURKEY OF ANGORA
BY CONSTANTINE A. CHEKREZI,
Profeteor of History, National University of Washington, D. C.; Former
Commissioner of Albania to the United States.
Not so very long ago a junta of
fire-eating reformers and plotters,
styling themselves as Young Turks,
had made up their minds to blow a
new breath Into tho shriveled breast
of the sick man of Europe. A blood
less revolution was effected overnight,
and the Young Turks became com
plete masters of the situation and of
Constantinople.
A few months later, however, it
was found necessary to remove from
the imperial throne of Islam the
shrunken frame of Us occupant, the
Red Sultan Abdul Hamid II; "the
great assassin,” Gladstone had aptly
termed him as far back as 1878. But,
to their dismay, the irrepressible
Young Turks discovered at once that,
while it was childishly easy to re
move from the throne tho decrepit
old tyrant, as far as tho command of
force was concerned, it was Ul.icon
certlngly hard to depose “the king of
kings, the shadow of God upon earth,
the sole arbiter of tho destinies of the
world, the master of the two conti
nents and of the two seas, the sover
eign of tho orient and of the Occi
dent”—this being only a part of the
official titles of the khaliph-sullan.
Nay. a khaliph may be stoned to
death, like some of the very early
ones were; or strangled in his bed. In
accordance with more modem prac
tice; or he may bo done away with in
an infinite variety of ways. But, it
was pointed out to the plotters, an
act of dethronement tnust be based on
some express or implied authority to
be found only in the universal guide
book of the Moslem, the Koran. Gray
haired and hoary - -bearded ulemas, or
theologians, were forthwith com
manded to make & search through the
Koran in order to find some suitable
apothegm or dictum that would
throw the cloak of religious sanction
on the act of the deposition of the
khaliph. Fortunately for the Young
Turks, the proverbial elasticity of the
holy book offers all kinds of pegs to
hang all sorts of w'Hts on; for a writ
or fetfa. to be regularly and duly is
sued by the fetfa-emln, the guardian
of the writs, was equally indispensa
ble to legalize the action.
A dubious dictum was found, the
fateful writ was issued and Abdul
I Hamid ceased that very moment to be
| the successor of Mohammed and to
. have any claim of allegiance on the
part of the faithful,
i * * * Sic
That happened only fifteen years
J ago; to be more exact. In the month
I of March, 1109.
j In the same month of the present
I year, a few strokes from the creaky
ireed pen of some kiatip, transcribing
orders issued by the grand national
j assembly of Angora, khaliph, khali
phate and sacred Mohammedan law
have been committed to the mere,
memory of men. as far as Turkey is
concerned. And with them all the
paraphernaliii of Islamic theocracy
'have been thrown int.. he discard.
! Thus, from the Asia; tc darkness of
i Angora the Turk comes out ns ne
j plus ultra twentieth-century man.
! Now. could su>’h a thorough change
> take place in the Turk’s mentality in
I the short space of fifteen years? 1
i’»uld a people who until yesterday I
.were offering almost divine worship'
• to the Shadow of Hod upon Earth i
wake up suddenly to the realization 1
of their error? Is it possible that the j
i Turk may achieve at the hat <>f an |
; eye what the western world took cen- j
j turies of preparation to attain?
We have always known the Turk
j as an amiable, when not cross, slow
and easy-going fellow, basking lan
guidly in tho sunshine of his indolent
oriental nature, yielding delightfully
to long spells of dolce far niente,
never oaring much for other things
than those that make life more enter
taining: and. above all. we have
j known him as an exceptionally Allah
, fearing man who would, every year,
. prostrate himself devoutly before the
i remaining hairs of Mohammed's beard.
** * *
What has happened, then, in the
; meantime to change the snail into a
: dromedary, to use a common simile
I from the Koran Itself ? With a little
j stretch of onr invagination we might be
;ab)e to understand, after all, that the
| sultan's office could be abolished; that a
J republic might be established; that
I efforts should be displayed to wipe
1 out some of the glaring deficiencies !
j and incongruities in the obsolete so
Dr. Eliot Is Extolled for Work
In Helping Cause of Education
J The celebration of the ninetieth !
j birthday of Charles William Eliot. I
president emeritus* of Harvard, has i
1 called forth congratulations not only |
I from his fellow Americana, but from i
j the whole world. Probably never has 1
j such universal recognition been ac- j
] corded to a private citizen. He is ac- i
| cepted for just what bo is, one of the
I greatest educators the nation ever
1 produced.
i As an evidence, the Brooklyn Eagle
• says: ‘ Because of what he has done,
i because of the life ho has lived, be
cause of the faith in mankind to
, which lie has given imperishable
J utterance, Charles W. Eliot has added
j something to the stature of America- i
. While such men live and move and
I have their being our future is secure.”
| The Boston Transcript maintains "he
• has profoundly affected the course of
• education in the whole United States,
t and thereby put his impress upon the
j thought and action of the time.” The
1 N’ew York World points out that "Dr.
j Eliot has served as a personal ex
ample of courageous liberalism, un
j stinted by expediency and unre
i strained by prevailing conventions."
| For he “not oply turned a New Eng
; land college into a world university,”
: according to the Spokane Spokesrnan
i Review, but "instituted changes In
J methods which revolutionised Amerl-
I can higher education.”. It was his
; idea, the Seattle Times continues, “to
• expand education beyond the classical
curriculum,” and “under the system
which he devised, the student had the
opportunity to select subjects for
study, which enabled students to take
up practical studies In accordance
with their needs.” Thus “he has left
his impression on the student mind of
the country for more than half a
century,” asserts the Sioux City
Journal.
** * *
The Springfield News admits fur
ther that “no one in the United State*
! has done any more to advance the
beat interests of young manhood |
through education or helped more un- |
seflshly in the general advancement >
of democracy in this country and
throughout the world.” “By expand
ing the fields of study, by taking part
in the public discussion of important
questions and by bolding up an ex
ample to American youth,” the Oak
land Tribune Insists, “Dr. Eliot has (
won a secure place In the esteem of •
his country.” As the Topeka Capital
sees it, “there is scarcely an impor
tant field of political, industrial and
economic, educational, religious or so
cial activity that has not felt the im
press of his mind,” therefore, “in pay
ing tribute to him the nation honors
all that is finest in Americanism.” In
the opinion of the Providence Journal
“there could scarcely be a better ex
ample In the intellectual records of
New England of a life lived In ac
cordance with sane and honorable i
standard*.”. The Mlnoeapbli* Tribune
I declare* further that “he has the as- '
feefioh of his countrymen everywhere
‘ctal and political system of Turkey.
All these are but signs of the times,
probably matters of form. But to
strike at the very foundation of the
existence of the Ottoman empire, the
Islamic tradition, is somewhat per
plexing, if not stunning. It is all the
more baffling because the generation
and its leaders that deposed Abdul
Hamid with such meticulous observ
ance of the sacred Mohammedan law
are the same ones that swept away
khaliph and khaliphate without any
ceremony. And the whole situation
becomes a well-nigh unanswerable
enigma In the face of the united out
cry emitted by tho Moslem world at
the Impious action of the grand as
sembly of Angora. Without any com
punction or flinching, Turkey has cut
herself adrift from the rest of Islam,
leaving it to worry alone about tho
spiritual headship of Mohammedan
ism.
One would naturally wonder, then,
as to what was In the back of the
minds of the Angora leaders when
they took such a dizzy leap In the
dark, as Disraeli might have saicL
What, for instance, are the forces
that Impelled them to such startling
resolutions?
To be sure, and In the light again
of what we already know about
Turkish mentality. there is little
doubt v but that the abolition of the
khaliphate and the renunciation of
the Islamic tradition is only a bold
gesture of the radical element, now
in power. That element is known
to lie whole centuries ahead of the i
supine Turkish people. And the
mentality of that radical element is a
composite Jumble of the most be
wildering and contradictory ideas of
the eighteenth, nineteenth and twen
tieth centuries. Rampant bolshevism
and extreme nationalism, militant
theonophism and dull agnosticism,
rank materialism and seif-exulting
idealism, are but few of the "Isms” of
our prolific age that form the in
gredients of tho mental accumula
tion of the present-day Turkish lead
er. And what belter illustration of
the working of this jungled mental
ity than the fact that at the very
time of the solemn abolition of the
Islamic tradition hundreds of Chris
tians are induced or forced to em
brace the faith of Mohammed?
More than that, the men of An
gora, who until the other day were
hobnobbing and kowtowing with
Lenin, Trotsky and the rest of their
comrades, are indulging In the in
spiring sensation of re-enacting in
Turkey the impressive scenes of the
French revolution. The fact is that
the greater part of the meager Turk
ish literature is made up of transla- i
tions of French revolutionary books.
Voltaire, d’Alembert, Rousseau, Mon
tesquieu. Robespierre. Marat. Dan
ton arc deities enshrined in the brain
case of the “cultured" Turkish gen
tleman. And the abolition of the
khaliphate is but the negative coun
terpart of the installation of the Wor
-1 ship of Reason.
** * *
But behind this disordered medley
of disjointed abstractions there is one
grand causa causans which inspires
every action and motion of the con
trolling group in the grand assembly
of Angora—the triumphant birth of
Turkish nationalism. The delirious
worshipers of the new divinity are
! drinking avidly in its invigorating
1 radiation. The western world Is
growing gray with nationalism, when
• reborn Turkey is cutting her first
( teeth on it. And nothing is to be
(denied t» Uiis glorious infant; every-
I thing is to he subjected to its august
1 whim* and caprices.
It is too early yet to see what the
ignorant and profoundly religious
masses of Turkey would have to say
in regard to these changes. The
populace i<* probably too stunned by
the blow to mutter even a feeble
protest. It may lake some time for
the full significance of the change to
sink In. Shall we take as the first sign
of reaction the fact that all the mem
bers of the cabinet, but one. have failed
to be re-elected?
Yet. Mustafa Kemal. and his party,
will be able to eventually rid the
Turkish masses of their turbulent re
ligious fervor, hy striking at the root
of the evil by such acts as the aboli
tion of the anomalous sacred law
' which may or may not be his imme
diate object—the western world may
well afford to forgive him for the
disgrace he heaped on the heads of
its diplomats, both at the Mudanic.
armistice conference and at the more
solemn peace conference of lausanne
To use a favorite watchword of
a well known American editor;
1 “Look for interesting development*
in Turkey.”
■■ ■ ■« ii ■mi i—
’and the high regard of men of all na
j tions and bloods who value a full life.
; beneficently spent to promote human
| progress ami to spread iiappiness
| around.” The Urand Rapids Press
i suggests. "Americans who so oom
(moniy waste years of useful living by
too great an acceleration In earlv life
1 may learn much from the story of
i this famous nonagenarian.”
The Indianapolis News refers to his
being educated to be a recluse be
cause of a conspicuous facial birth
mark. and it claims “his career is an
aspiring example to all persons who
believe themselves to he hampered
physically to cope with problems
which involve close association with ’
the public.” What it proves, as the
Des Moines Register puts it. "is that
anybody can rise above anything if
he has the courage. President Eliot
deliberately ignored his handicap and
the rest of the world Ignored it." The
Hartford Times mentions that he de
clined the offer of $5,000 a year from
some cotton mills to become professor
at $2,000 a year. This, the Times
holds, is "typical of his whole life,
for it indicates his remarkable self
knowledge of his powers and the
most advantageous direction for their
application.”
** * *
The Cincinnati Times-Star, further
more. believes "he is one of those re
markable combinations of & spirit
which aspires and a mind which
really thinks, that make men proud
of the possibilities of human nature.”
The Springfield Republican 1$ confir
dent "he has inspired the ideals of
thousands and perhaps millions as to
the possibilities of American citi
zenship; and through his noble char
acter, simple habits of life, and ex
alted conception of service to his
country and mankind he has always
been the teacher —never more so than
In the twilight of his career.” In
this connection, the Portland Express
notes that “It is given to but few
men to enjoy an additional decade
and a half of even greater service
and wider influence, and perhaps in
this respect his life has been unique
among all of the world's great men.”
Every tribute paid to him, the
Newark News is convinced, “is a trib
ute to intellect and character, qual
ities which in him are inseparable,”
because "the intellectual leadership
I granted to him is not due merely to
1 the breadth of his mind and. its pene
trative discernment, for added to this
and of greater value is an Intellec
tual integrity and an intellectual in
dependence, a morality of the mind,
wthidh have created confidence in
him.” To which the Lansing State
1 Journal adds. "Few, If any, parallels
! may be found In suoh a career, con
sequently, it is fitting that the na
tion should turn to him, profit by his
experiences, his teachings and phil
osophy.” The Albany News charac
terizes Dr. Eliot “a fine figure at
ninety, shaming those who follow the
flag of materialism instead of the
star of high dreams/ 1 The Cleveland
Plain Dealer suras up the trend of
opinion that “probably no Amoilcan
educator of the past or present de
serves so high a rating as Charles
I William Eliot, and certainly no edu-
I cat or ha* proved himself more truly
lan American patriot and good citi
zen." . . ..
f COURAGE~I
*7 am the matter of my fate,
I am the captain of my souL ”
-^HENLEY.
Carrie Chapman Catt went through
many troubles of her own, then took
up those of others. In her years of ef
fort.
She, os Carrie Lane, was born on a
farm near Hipon, Wls , and as a girl
had to help with the housework.
When she was seven her parents
moved to Charles City, lowa, and she
attended the public school.
At fourteen she taught school and
saved her pennies to pay her way at
college. At lowa College, at Orlnnell,
she was the first girl to deliver an
oration. While a student she earned
all but |IOO of her way.
Graduating when twenty-one, she
became principal of a high school at
Mason City and a year afterward was
appointed superintendent of all Ma
son City public schople.
Three years later she was married
to Leo Chapman, editor of a Mason
City newspaper, and became joint
owner and editor of the paper. Mr.
Chapman's health failed, and a year
after their marriage they sold the
newspaper and started for San Fran
cisco.
Mr. Chapman died a year later, and
she was left alone in a strange city,
2,000 miles from home. She became
an advertising solicitor and was the
first woman reporter on a trade jour
nal in Han Francisco.
Heturning to lowa, she, at twenty
eight, made her first speech for suf
frage, then spent two years as state
organizer for the lowa suffragists.
Her campaigns in other stales fol
lowed, then she went to Europe,
where she was consulted by states-
I men and political leaders.-
In New York she married George
W. Catt, an old Orlnnell schoolmate,
who had gone east and become a mil
lionaire. He greatly aided her in her
suffrage work, hut died In 1905 after
a long illness with a baffling disease.
Mrs. Catt founded the International
Suffrage Alliance, which comprised
twenty-six countries, and was its first
president. She also was president of
the National Woman Suffrage Asso
ciation, and was the directing head
during the closing years of the battle
for adoption of the constitutional suf
frage amendment,
(OopyrigM, 1954.)
Tax Figures Disputed.
Articles on War, Navy and Voter- ;
anA Bureau Held Misleading. ;
To the Editor of The St«r:
In your paper for the past several
months there have appeared various
articles, written by John F. Sinclair,
entitled. "Can your taxes he cut"
Among these articles have appeared
several concerning the War and Navy
;departments and the Veterans’ Bureau
purporting to set forth the costs of these
agencies of the government.
These articles, however, are so full
of erroneous statements and mislead
ing figures that 1 think they should
be corrected, especially as so few
people actually know the facts and
are apt to accept Mr. Sinclair's state
ments as correct.
I note a member of the American j
legion ha-“ already taken exception to |
the figures given by Mr. Sinclair in ;
connection with the Veterans' Bureau. <
The erroneous statements and misren- j
' resentations set forth by this gentle. ,
j man are illustrative of the mistakes
land misleading statements in Mr. Sin- ;
clairs articles concerning the War'}
and Navy departments.
Ueferewee to War Coats.
In his Chapter XVII Mr. Sinclair re- ,
fers in length to the indiscriminate j
expenditures and costs of the late j
war and goes into details as to what 1
this huge sum of money would do in :
the way of new schools, better homes ■
and other more desirable nerds than j
being used for war purposes. This j
! line of argument is somewhat along;
) the pacifist line. It is admitted that ■
i many people took advantage of the ;
I government In an emergency and j
there were indiscriminate expend!- ,
| tures, but our entering into the war j
• was certainly justifiable and for our ;
i own future protection. What good I
i would additional schools, additional j
salaries and professors, etc., as sug- [
gested by Mr. Sinclair, do if we had to
j bow to the will of a foreign dictator
land pay indemnity possibly many
' times greater than our war cost?
I Chapter XVIII is so misleading that
j I will not attempt to lake up every -
| thing in it. However. I wish to point
I out that it is quite unfair to charge
I the War Department with the interest
•on the late war debt. There should
Ibe a separate analjsis of the ex
j penses of the War Department, and in-
I terest on the war debt should not be
• included. Mr. Sinclair states that
{"f 798 out of every SI,OOO for war.” but
he does not show what, proportion of 1
this is for the present maintenance of j
J the national defenses and what part |
i of it is interest on a debt incurred as ■
I a result of our folly in the past in i
not properly preparing ourselves for j
war.
“Borden of l*reparedne.«a. M j
Notwithstanding a big war debt,
| Mr. Sinclair goes on to attempt to j
show that our present preparedness j
program Is an enormous burden. His ;
statements would lead one to believe !
that we had a force of 271.770 men on j
our pay rolls, while in fact we have
onlv a small force of regular troops !
of 12,000 officers and 111.000 men at
present. He also fails to bring out}
the fact that many of our professional i
soldiers are performing duties of a
civil nature, but paid from War De
partment appropriations. Further
more. he does not separate the many
i non-military activities of the War i
Department from the national defense
activities. If this were done l»e cost
of national defense would be so small
that it would not be worth considera
tion. as compared with the other big
expense enterprises of the govern
ment.
It is noted that Mr. Sinclair states
that the War Department gets SH'O j
out of every thousand, but he iocs
not show how much of this SIOO goes
to the i’anama canal, rivers and har
bors improvement and the salaries of
the hundreds of military engineers
detailed to non-military activities.
The fact is the War Department gets
*25 out of every thousand and the
Navy gets *35; a total of *SO out of
every thousand of taxation goes into
national defense. This Is a very nom
! inal sum when it is considered that
the national government is responsi
ble for the national defense of the
various states and the state budgets
do not make any outlay for this pur
pose at alt.
Tiicn tor Schools. Etc.
In connection with the states' bud
gets. Mr. Sinclair has apparently
overlooked the taxes raised by these
various units, all of which goes al
most directly into schools and other
state agencies for 'public welfare.
None of these taxes, however, goes
for national defense, this being left
to the federal government by our Con
stitution.
I think it most unjust that Mr. Sin
clair should make such representa
tions as he has in his articles, and
more especially in connection with a
discussion of tax reduction, a subject
that every one will read about. And
to give such erroneous figures in con
nection with national defense is un
fortunate in view of the present ef
forts of our various patriotic organ:
izations, civic associations and citi
zens to have Congress provide for
suitable national defense in order to
avoid another war like the last one,
which cost us nearly a hundred thou
sand human lives and so much money.
L. O. BARN EH,
Invading Other Walks.
From the New York Tribune.
Bootleggers have been repudiating
their debts to Scotch distillers. It
begins to look as if criminals had
been breaking Into that Industry.
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS T
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN . ' I
it. Is kerosene obtained from ]
coal or from petroleum?—W. H.
A. Kerosene oil was first pro
duced from cannel coal by distilling.
It was called coal oil. At present all
kerosene Is refined from petroleum.
Q. What Is the salary of the presi
dents of Prance and Germany?—
a. p. d.
A. The President of Prance receives j
1.200.000 francs as salary and 1,200,- i
000 francs as expenses. The salary of j
the President of the German republic ■
was fixed at 1.200,000 marks, with
1.200.000 marks allowance.
Q. Os what disease did Washington
die?—W. N. XX
A, Washington's death was caused
by acute oedemalous laryngitis, call
ed at that time quinsy.
Q. Do the majority of the members
of the Congress of the United States
have to be of the same political party ]
as the President? As a discussion or
this point took place in Sootland, I
trust you will print the answer, so
that I may send copies abroad.-—II, 1.
A. It is not uncommon for the po
litical majority In a Congress to be
of a different party from the Presi
dent. President Wilson, during his
second administration, bad a Con
gress of a different political com
plexion, as did President Cleveland.
Q. On what kind of tracks do the
American Automobile Association
races take place?—G. U. H.
A. The Indianapolis speedway is a
brick oval; tracks at i,os Angeles.
Presno and Cotate, Calif.; Kansas
City and Altoona are of board, while
at other places affiliated with the
American Automobile Association are
dirt tracks.
Q. When was the Marine Corps es
tablished?—V. O. K.
A. Its origin dates back to Novem
ber 10, 1775.
Q. Do many of the continental
trains run at a rate of fifty miles an
hour?—A. W.
A. There are only four scheduled j
expresses with a speed of fifty miles j
per hour and over on the European j
continent. These are ail in Prance:
Paris-Arras express. 120 miles at 56,3 I
miles per hour; Troyes-Paris express, j
103 miles at 56.1 miles per hour; Ees |
Aubrais-St. Pierre ties Corps express, j
63.3 miles at 52.3 miles per hour: Bor
deaux-Agen express, 51.5 miles at 50.7
miles per hour.
Q. What was the advice of a French
critic regarding the construction of
the rhyming couplet?—A. IX li.
A. Tou evidently refer to the advice
given poets to compose the second
line of the couplet first.
Q. What is the meaning of the in
scription on the walls of the Amphi
theater at Arlington: “When we as
sumed the soldier we did not lay
aside the citizen"? —I*. J.
A. They were the words of George
Washington, and were uttered for the i
purpose of reassuring the New York I
Provincial Congress in 1775 that the !
people of the country of those days j
should have no fear lest he and his I
army would act otherwise than to se- I
jenre and to preserve the liberties of i
! the people. And it was Sir William
; Hlackslone some time lat- r who ex
i pressed much the same thought as |
I Washington, but in these words: "He J
I puls not off the citizen when enters ;
i the camp, but it is because he is a*
IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT
I
■ *
; BY PALL V. COLLI\S
i The possibility of talking with Mars
i is not half so thrilling as the commu
i nication which has come from the
; sun. written in bright yellow upon the
, spectroscope.
This message has told that there is •
I "something new under the sun." i
j Hamlet guessed right when he de- j
• dared. "There are more things in |
j heaver, and earth. Horatio, than you ;
i or I have ever dreamed of."
| The sun Is the great propagandist j
‘ which is now lobbying in the I'nited |
i States Congress for a new line of leg- j
islation. bidding fair to make safe the j
j roads of the skies and to double the
I power of every electric generator.
( Scientists are amazed. Ftilitarians
! are dumfounded. The last 1 three
months have astounded even the
knowing. Helium gas is the sun
! given miracle.
The I'nited States holds a.world
monopoly of it. There has been no
1 discovery nf similar magnitude since
1 Copernicus and Galileo found that the
■ world rolled round the sun.
** # *
1 Very recently helium was dlecov- i
lered In the natural gas and oil of gov- \
j eminent land in Utah, and President J
Coolidge has set aside for conserva- j
1 lion 7.100 acres. This is the first dis- !
covery upon public lands. How much |
is there cannot be estimated: it may ,
!be only a pocket. For years it has j
j been found in small percentages in .
I Texas gas and oil —notably near Pe- j
| trolia, 100 miles north of Fort Worth, (
j where it runs as high as 1 per cent.
* During the war the government ;
spent millions of dollars seeking to j
accumulate this lefts *n surtiru nt j
quantities to use in place- of hydro- ,
Ken in inflating dirigible halloons. j
•Hydrogen is dangerously inflamma
ble, while helium is non-combustible,
ami has 92 per cent of. the lifting
power of hydrogen, the lightest gas
known * A helium-filled balloon might
be penetrated with incendiary bullets
without danger of lire, while a single
spark would explode hydrogen and
destrov the balloon and Its passen
gers. * When the Shenandoah tore
loose from- its mast in the storm a
few weeks ago all that prevented a
repetition of the several catastrophes
of similar dirigible airships was the
fact that it was inflated with helium
instead of hydrogen.
*♦ # *
When the armistice ended the
world war the United States govern
ment had upon the New York docks
many cylinders filled with the new
secret —this gas being called "argon
to camouflage it, but really helium.
It was to fill war balloons, which
would have sailed Immune from fire
or explosion, where hydrogen bal
loons of the enemy would have been
death traps. The nation which held
such a monopoly held the world with
in its grasp. .
There is a bill pending in both
branches of Congress which will em
power the government to enter a.ll
privately owned gas and oil fields
and conserve the helium. The helium |
extraction. from oil or gas purities j
them and makes them 1 of greater
value than when mixed with the In- 1
combustible helium.
Five years ago the cost of helium |
was $1,500 a cubic foot: three months,
ago it was SIOO per 1,000 ruble feet;
last December its production was re
duced to $65 per 1,000 feet, and with
in the next few weeks it will be made
for 3 cents a foot—as cheap as hy- J
drogen, aside from the fact that when
it becomes polluted It can be pttrl- I
lied, as hydrogen cannot be.
** * *
Helium is an unmixed element. |
Every gas sends out its own peculiar j
light, with its own color. When all j
their rays are mixed wo get while |
light—sunlight. When a beam of •
sunlight passes through a spectro
scope prism each ray—having its own
angle of bending or refraction —is
separated _from other rays and falls
woultl wish to continue
lo.ii 1 h *, .™ akes of himself for
while a soldier."
ta? vari <‘ty of strawberry wa.t
t e first grown for commercial use in
the X nited States?—A. E. H.
u A t, Thfi Darge Early Scarlet was the
from ?h^ ar t oT * trawb «rry grown
from the beginning of commercial
abruH b !T«n about 1,00 until
about 1880. As thlH variety was tuo
soft to ship to distant, markets, other
varieties suitable to various climate ■
conditions have displaced It
! . Q- How many Catholics are there
I tn England and Wales?—V. li.
A- JJoman Catholic population
or England and Wales is 1,903 844
approximately 3 per cent of the total
population.
i9' ,l! ow ,ar So can a steamer trunk
bc ! —W. C. B.
„. A - A . steamer trunk can be 36 fee
-1 by 14 inches, ip order to fit Into a
steamship cabin.
Q. What is the food value of mush
rooms?—F. k. M. ,
~ A * "’ben f resh mushrooms have
the following composition. Water
SX.I; protein, 3.0; fat, 0.4; nitrogen—
free extract, 6; crude fiber. 0.08; ash.
1— -Mushrooms have about the same
protein content as potatoes, but con
tain fewer carbohydrates and the
nitrogen present is largely in the
form of non-albumenolds. whicll
have little food value.
G S,'. jj Vhat is transcendentalism?- -
A. The term is a vague one which
was applied to the philosophy of the
group of American writers which
centered about Concord, Mass., hi .
tween JS3O and 1880. Ralph Waldo
Emerson was perhaps the best known
while Thoreau, Channing. Alcott and
Margaret Fuller were members of the
circle. The transcendental philos
ophy might be briefly described as
the belief that man reaches his full
est development by fixing his mind
upon the highest and noblest ele
ments In life and overlooking the
mean and sordid phases. “As a mart
thinks, so is he."
Q Did John Galsworthv eve-' '
write under a nom de pluroe-l_M, W.
A. The early fiction .by Galsworthy
was published under the pen name
• John Senjohn.
I Q. How many persons were gui!
j lotined during the reign of terror of
i the French revolution? —W. G. 11.
| A. There are no exact figures, bur
i up to June, 1794. there had been
1.220 executions and during the next
seven weeks there were 1.376. It is
estimated that about 4.000 persons
lost their lives in this manner dur
ing the entire period.
Q. What land is included in Ocean- ,
ia?—G. H. R.
A. Oceania, or Oceanica, was a des
ignation which embraced the land
surface which remained after appor
tioning the continents of Eurasia.
Africa, and the Americas. The term
covered Australia, the Indian Archi
pelago and the Pacific islands. After*
Australasia was set apart as a con
tinent, Oceanica was restricted to th“ .
i Malay archipelago and the islands
| of the Pacitie.
[ (Rc.ndrr.t of The Evening Star non O'’
l the (Kn.rtrcr to any qtjs-ntion by irrritimo
7 hr Stn ■ Information Errjiori'-
' J. flaskin. rlirrrtyr. 1220 S or' h Capiiol
1 street. Take ndvanlage of Iftix free set- -
* irr IVrite your nanw and. address clear -
I .’»/ and inclose ~ afrits in sUinups for rr
turn postage. All replies arc sent d*re( t
to the inquirer. )
in pure color upon the screen. Thus
the presence of all the gases In the
sun is differentiated. A green light
identifies one gas; a red light another.
These may be recognized when met
1 als with which we are familiar are
j heated white-hot. so that they throw
j out light, and the color of that light
i upon a spectroscope is noted. When
j a ray of the same-color is found in
j a split-up sunbeam it is known that
i the sun holds the same metaj in a
| gaseous slate that we have on earth
In IS6S. during an eclipse of th<d
J sun. Sir William Dockyer saw upon
j his spectroscope a. streak of brilliant
| yellow light. What was it? No
i known metal or gas had made that
i same light. It came exclusively from
i the sun. As the Greek name of th.>
sun is "helos.” he called this unf
known gas "helium."
Dure science, so often discounted
by laymen, may eventually lead to 4
incalculable values. For twenty-seven
years that yellow streak of the spec
troscope had no value, because it v.u-'
but a scientific puzzle.
*# * *
In 1895. Sir William Ramsay found
a new element in analyzing uranium,
fit would not unite with oxygen,
j therefore would not burn. When it
I was studied in the spectroscope it was
(seen to produce identically the same
■ bright yellow light as Lockyer's*
I "helium." So the sun metal was
i identified upon earth—"the message
jof the sun." Radium is now believed t
j to be uranium from which the helium
i has been given oft". The helium re-
I mains with the radium when the
j uranium is changed to radium, but
I when it leaves the radium the latter
j becomes lead. What ’alchemist will
1 discover a means of restoring helium
jto lead and producing radium, tins
I priceless metal which works medici
! nal miracles? Transmutation of the
1 .dements becomes again of live hi
-1 terest to scientists, centuries after
the old alchemists had been "laughed
out of court.”
** * *
It lias been demonstrated in recenf
years that an atom—formally sup- *
posed to be the smallest unit of mat
ter—is really composed of electrons
revolving around a center in orbits
as far from that center, in propor
tion to their size, as are the cart j
and the other planets from the sun. ,
Now it is found that the helium
atoms arc infinitely small and can ba
so charged with electricity that they
will bombard those speeding electrons
and knock them ont of their orbits,
into new combinations, constituting
new substances. Let the skeptic ask
j Ramsay, Soddy or Rutherford, or the
scientists of the United States bureau
of standards.
** * *
Helium has been liquefied by Kam
merlingh Onnes of Leyden by reduc
ing its temperature to 5 degrees
Fahrenheit from "absolute zero."
Onnes has further reduced the tem
perature to I degree above "absolute
zero,” hoping to solidify it, but will/
out success. It boils when it is over*
5 degrees above absolute zero, but
while it is that chilly it has been
used to cool a metal ring around
j which a current of electricity was
1 started. So long as the temperature
was kept down'- to that of liquid
helium, the electricity kept up a
. “perpetual motion” running around
that ring.
"Absolute zero” is the temperature
of the earth if all the heat of the
sun is abolished. It measures 273 de
-1 (Trees centigrade, or 460 degrees Fahren-
I heit below ordinary' zero.
Since helium will not oxidize, it
I will not burn. From that quality Vili
j como its availability in practical as
• fairs. The maximum capacity of elec
] trie generators is limited bv the point
jat which they heat. Air-cooling of
.the generators has a certain oxidizing
‘ effect, deleterloue to some metals. Ry
encasing generators and putting them
inside of their oases, in an atmosphere
of helium gas, it will be possible to
keep them cool and so double their
electric generating capacity.
t Copyright, 1024, by P»ol V. CeUiat.)