Evening star. [volume], March 30, 1924, Page 19, Image 19

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
BERGDOLL SAYS U. S.
CHARGE IS ILLEGAL
Denies Preparing 1 to Return as j
Deserter, Declaring He Never '
Took Oath
i
SKEPTICAL OF OFFERS!
Several Propositions Made to Draft
Evader, He Admits.
ffirOre Associated Press.
EBEBBACH. Germany, March 29.
Contending' that the charge of deser
tion against him is illegal, inasmuch
as he was never sworn in or wore
the uniform of the United States
Army, Grover Cleveland Bergdoll
made emphatic denial today of the re
port that he was preparing to return
to the United States and the rumors
that he contemplated embarking at
Hamburg this week.
The draft evader, returning to his
hotel here after a motor trip to the
Black Forest, admitted that several
unauthorized propositions had been
put up to him by third parties whose
redentials failed to impress him, al
though they are alleged to have car
ried American passports in blank,
duly signed by Secretary of State
Hughes and bearing the official red
seal.
These documents, it was said by
Bergdoll, were supplemented by oth
ers from the Departments of State
and Justice requesting American con
sular in Germany and else
where to expedite his passage.
Skeptical of Proposition.
“The parties who approached me,“
said Bergdoll, “hinted that in all
probability the desertion charge
would be quashed, and I would be
given a light sentence for evading the
draft in case I surrendered volunta
rily, but I was skeptical of the whole
proposition.”
He confessed that he would not
mind returning to take his medicine,
but could not see the way clear while
a five-year sentence confronted him.
He reiterated that his conviction was
illegal, despite the fact that his
brother was serving a sentence under
ihe same charge, as he had never
taken the oath as a soldier or donned
a uniform.
It is said, that the alleged docu
ments with which the third parties
were equipped when they approached
Bergdoll were issued in the name of
“Bryant,”
LONDON STRIKE MAY |
FAIL OF ADJUSTMENT
Graduated Wage Raise Seen as
Possible Obstacle to Pro
posed Settlement.
Bv Ore Associated Press.
LONDON. March 29.—Although
terms have been reached between
the delegates of the striking trans
port workers and the companies
operating the tramways and busses,
London will have to do without these
services until Tuesday at least, as a
ballot among the men is to be taken
Monday.
While it is believed the terms ar
ranged Will be accepted, it is not al
together certain that another hitch
will not arise, as, according to an
official statement concerning the
terms, issued today, some grades of
the strikers employed at indoor work
in connection with the tramway serv
ices will get only a four-shilling
increase in wages, while the other
workers will receive six. The men
have insisted all along on equal
treatment for all grades.
FAIL TO PICK UP KDKA.
Argentine Radio Pans Have Little
Success in Effort.
BUENOS ATRES, March 29—Radio
fans in Argentina report little suc
cess in repeated attempts last night
to tunc in the Spanish language pro
gram broadcast by KDKA, the West-
Inghouse radiophone station at Pitts
burgh. Pa. So far as can be learned
the program was not received in this
city.
Fans at many points in the interior
and also at places outside the city
of Buenos Aires report having partly
picked up the radio program, but
with some distortion and interfer
ence
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it is most likely to an- |
nounce the fact. 1}
The Star prints MORE ffl j
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A Star Branch Office R
THE STARRY SKIES IN APRIL
By Prof. Samuel G. Barton of the Univensity of Pennsylvania.
This month affords the best, oppor
tunity of the year for seeing the
planet Mercury in the evening. The
paths of the earth and Mercury are
shown in figure 2. As is evident
from the figure, the orbit of Mercury
being much smaller than that of the
earth, the planet lies nearly in the di
rection of the sun, so nearly so that
for the greater part of the time it
cannot be seen in the sun's glare. For
the same reason we do not see the
stars, even the most brilliant ones, in
HOCTH
* C t*r i i ts/ . A*
VUV«vJ v.i . *
SOIfTM
Figure I. The constellations at 9 p.m. April I: Mold the map to the
sky so that the direction faced is at the bottom; that Is. if facing east, hold
east at the bottom, as south now is.
h V \
M ' YT !1 |
v J
Figure m. Motions of mercury and the earth.
the daytime. But at the times at
which Mercury’s direction differs
most from that of the sun it may be
seen shortly after sunset near the
sun in the west or in the east before
sunrise in the early morning.
In figure 2 the positions of the earth
and those of Mercury on the same
dates are shown. On March 22 Mer
cury was on the opposite side of the
sun from the earth and nearly in line
with the sun. Since that time the
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THE SUNDAY STAB. WASHINGTON, I>. 0„ MARCH 30. 1924-PART T.
planet has been east of the sun by an
Increasing angle. This angle reaches
a maximum of nearly 20 degrees on
April 16. as shown in the figure, and
the planet will be seen beet then.
It was just possible to mark the
position of Mercury on April 16 on
figure J. It is on the horizon about
25 degrees north of west. This map
is made for 9 o’clock. One should
look for Mercury earlier than this
when it is higher in the sky. It is
seen best in the twilight not long
after sunset. Higher than Mercury
is Venus. Its position Is shown for
the first, sixteenth and thirtieth of
the month. Thene is no mistaking
Venus. Its brilliance exceeds that of ;
any heavenly body except the sun and I
moon. The brilliance of Mercury at 1
this time is nearly the same as that l
of the star Capella at A and brighter 1
than that of Aidebaran at B. As Mer
cury lies in quite a. different direc
tion from Venus, it should not be con
fused with these bright stars. Mer
cury is easily seen if conditions are
right. One must have a clear view of
the western horizon and a clear sky
and then look for it in the twilight,
for soon it is too low to be seen. After
April 16 Mercury is closer to the sun
each night, and is soon lost in the sun's
rays again. While April 16 is the beat
night, the planet may be seen for a
few nights before that time and for
a smaller number of nights after
ward.
Venus
The other planet, Venus, closer to
the sun than the earth, is also now at
its best. A figure showing the motion
of this planet was given last month.
Venus is at its greatest eastern elon
gation on April 21. On that evening
it will set at 10:42 p.m. in the latitude
of Philadelphia, and nearly at that
time anywhere in the United States
(local, not standard time*. Although
Venus is often too close to the sun to
be seen, there Is not the same lack
of opportunity for seeing the planet
' that we have in the case of Mercury.
Venus has a much greater brilliance
and also having a larger orbit than
Mercury, may be seen much farther
from the sun. Mercury is never more
than 28 degrees away from the sun,
while Venus may be as mueh ns 47
degrees away. On April'2l it Is near
ly 46 degrees *way. At that time its
magnitude is minus four, which means
that it is nine times as bright as Si
rius, the brightest of the fixed stars.
There is no difficulty in seeing it in
the broad daylight, except it is hard
to locate on the bright background of
the sky. When the location is accu
rately known Venus is not bard to
see. On April 1 it has a phase like
the moon at first quarter. After that
time it will show a crescent phase
which cannot.be seen except with a
telescope. The brightness will in
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crease 9. little until it reaches a maxi
mum on May 25.
Venus Is the earth's twin as a
planet. It resembles the earth more
than any other planet in size, density,
atmosphere and other characteristics.
Because of the unfavorable condi
tions under which it is seen, less is
known about Venus than about other
planets. We are not even sure yet as
to the manner in which It rotates on
Its axis.
Other planets shown on figure 1 are
Neptune, which is Invisible to the
naked eye in the constellation Leo.
and the planet Saturn, which is in
Virgo. Saturn and Spica. the bright
star at <’ near it, are conspicuous ob
jects. Saturn is brighter than Spica,
but not quite as bright as Arcturus at
.D. Saturn is south at midnight April
19. After that lime it is west of
south at midnight, and, therefore, is
trilled an evening star. It is nearest
to the earth at this time. This planet
may bo seen well for the next few
months. Mars in Sagittarius and Ju
piter in Ophiuchus cannot be seen in
the early evening.
In figure 2 wc have shown the orbit
of Mercury in the same plane as that
of the earth. There is an apgle. of 7
degrees between the two planes. In
that part of the orbit of Mercury
shown with the full line, Mercury is
above—that is. on the northern side
of flic plane—of the earth's orbit. In
the dotted line part it is below the
plane of the earth’s orbit. The points M
and N at which Mercury crosses the
plane of the earth s orbit are called •
the nodes of the orbit, descending node \
at M, where it goes from above to be
low. and ascending node at N. It will
be noted from the figure that we have !
an exceptional condition presented in
that Mercury is at its descending !
node on May ", and that on the same i
day the earth lies in the same dlrec- j
tion from the sun; that Is, the three!
bodies lie in a straight line. Hence, |
as Mercury is exactly in the direction j
of the sun. we shall see it as a black 1
spot crossing the sun. This we call a 1
transit of Mercury. As the earth ;
passes the line of nudes MN on May 7 !
and November 9, It in only near these
times that such a transit could occur.
Iff Mercury passes the earth at any
other point of Its orbit than, M or N,
then, as It Is above or below the plane
of the earth’s orbit, it is not directly be
tween the earth and the sun, and no
transit occurs.
The orbit of Mercury is not a circle,
and, as is apparent from the figure, it
Is nearer to the earth’s orbit when at
M than when at N. Mercury moves in
its orbit faster when closer to' the
sun at N. For these reasons the
transits are not equal in number at
the* two points. There are thirteen
transits of Mercury during this cen
tury, only three of which occur in
May. AIJ of the transits are not vis
ible from any one place.
The coming transit will be discuss
ed more fully in the May article.
Figure 2 should be, kept for reference.
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