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4 TURKS AND BRITISH ON BRINK OF WAR Hostile Act May Cause Hostil ities Along Upper Tigris at Any Time. BY PALL SCOTT MOWRER. By Cable io The Star ami Chicago Daily News, GENEVA, September 23.—The is sue of peace or war between Turkey and Great Britain in the mountains and valleys of the upper Tigris now hang in the balance. The Turks have massed 40,000 men along the provisional frontier north of Mosul and are massacring and driving out pro-British, Assyro-Chal- - dean Christians in this region after the only recent sanguinary Turkish re volt. The British are strengthening their feeble Mesopotamian contin gents, are arming Assyro-Chaldean Christians on their side of the fron tier and are trying to organize the Kurds. Grave Trouble Possible. Under these circumstances, grave frontier incidents are always .possible and these may lead to incalculable consequences. The Lausanne treaty left final set tlement of the Mosul dispute to arbi tration by the league council. In the debate just concluded here, the Turks contended that arbitration ap plies not to the whole Mosul region but only to the frontier, that in any case the council's decision must be unanimous and that, whatever the decision, the grand assembly of An gora has the right to reject it if it pleases. The British agree to accept the league’s arbitral award, but add that unless Turkey reiterates similar ac ceptance they will resume their own liberty of action. The league council, faced by a grave dilemna, has sought to gain time and enlightment by re ferring to the International Court the questions whether, under the Lausanne treatey the council’s arbi tration Is final and whether the coun cil’s vote in the matter must be unanimous. The Turks say they will pay no attention to the court’s verdicts and will not surrender what they consider as their rights. Three months will doubtless elapse before the court's decision will enable the league coun cil to resume :t* arbitral duties. With in this period. It is generally con ceded, anything may happen. Motiw» of British. The British motives are: 1. Strateelcal. The MosiiJ region forms a natural bastion protecting Mesopotamia and the route to India from Turkish invasion. Without Mosul the problem of defending Mes opotamia becomes extremely diffi cult. 2. Irrigation. Wfater reservoirs necessary for irrigation of Mesopota mian plains lie in the Mosul moun tains. If the Turks controlled the reservoirs they could prevent irriga tion. 3. Oil. The main Anglo-Persian pipe line, can only be defended from a flank attack landward by holding Mesopotamia, which in turn depends on holding Mosul. 4. Colonial prestige. This perhaps is the most important motive of all. The British have occupied the dis puted region ever since the war. Their prestige was weakened by the Turkish victory over the Greeks. If thev were now obliged for any reason to with draw from Mosul this would be inter preted throughout the Mohammedan Asiatic world as a new sign of weak ness and would encourage rebellious elements in various parts of the Brit ish Empire. Motives of Turkey. The Turkish motives are: 1. Strategical. The Turks consider Mosul a bastian against a possible British or Arab invasion. 2. Oil. Possession of the Mosul oil fields would insure considerable sums of cash to the Turkish government. 3. Political. There are a million and a half, more or less, rebellious Kurds in Turkey and half a million in the Mosul region. The Turks fear the Bri'Ut may organize a Kurdish na tionai'at movement directed against Turkey. 4. National prestige. With the Turks also thjs is perhaps the most important motive. The general and growing revolt of Mohammedans and Asiatics against European rule also favors Turkey. India, Egypt and Palestine, though momentarily quiet, are restless. China is In a ferment. Prance has grave 'cars on her hands, both in Morocco and Syria. Mahabi nomads from the desert are invading the pro-British Arab kingdom of Iledjaz. They have taken Mecca and now threaten Me dina. Soviet Russia is doing everything in its power to support and extend all these revolts. Finally, in Great Brit ain itself there is a pacifist war weariness which makes it almost Im possible for the British government to conduct a vigorous colonial campaign at the present time. To Asiatics this lassitude signifies the slipping of Great Britain’s hold and gives the greatest possible encouragement. (Copyright, 1925, by Chicago Daily News.) The 90-bell set in the belfry of Grace Church, in New York City, is regularly rung by a woman—Miss Mary H. Piles. CIUiOWCWI'S^jM aftftta/uiwj®- \J (Who f\IAJ tbtv Sotcai. GO CL, l/VUI/tA Xo OTsJLS cJbrTfcjLAU <&— * I 3 ie G STREET CITY CLUB BUILDING Finds in the Congo Expected to Cut Price of Radium By the Associated Press. BRUSSELS, September 23. Bargain rates on radium are fore seen by experts in the develop ment of the Belgian Congo radium industry. The price of radium now is 1,000,000 francs a gram, but the discovery of further ra dium-bearing deposits in the Congo is tending to cut the price. Experts hope that before many years radium will be produced at a price that will make it available in the ordinary hospital service. The Congo thus far is said to have produced ICO of the 310 grams said to be the world’s supply. PALMER’S SAVINGS ENOMOUS, RECORD OF WORK REVEALS (Continued from First Paged This is an accomplishment which the American people will laud, particu larly -as It is saving millions of dol lars in taxes to them. But a result of the economies in operation which is of far-reaching im portance. ofmore importance even than the economies themselves, is the trans fer of the Government ships to pri vate American ownership for opera tion in the overseas trade under the American flag. As Admiral Palmer and his aides and the Government agents operating the ships have succeeded in cutting down the losses sustained by the various lines now operated, so these vessels have become more desirable and sal able to American shipping men. Within the last year three lines have been sold by the Shipping Board, on recommendation of the president of the Fleet Corporation, to private owners, who have given guarantee of continued operation under the Amer ican flag of the present routes over a period of five years. The sale of these three lines meant the transfer to private American ownership and operation of 23 vessels. So much has the American overseas fleet, privately owned, benefited. The lines in ques tion are the Pacific Mail, operating from San Francisco to the Orient five ships at $1,125,000 per ship; the Pal metto Line, operating from South Atlantic ports to Europe, six ships for $370,000. and the Export Line, operat ing from North Atlantic ports to the Meditterannean, 18 ships for $1,100,00. A fourth line, the .Pan-American operating out of New York to the east coast of South America, would have been sold also within the last few days had the Shipping Board fol lowed the recommendation of Admiral Palmer. The bid was $770,000 per ves sel—there are four now being operated by the Pan-American —made by the Munson Line which is now handling the ships for the Government. The Shipping Board, however, divided throe to three on the proposal to sell, and it was therefore rejected. Under the sales campaign worked up by the Fleet Corporation since, at the instance of President Coolidge, the negotiations for the sale of the Gov ernment ships have been turned over to that agency by the Shipping Board —ostensibly at least —offers of pur chase have been made for five other lines of Government ships. It begins to look, therefore, as though the problem of a privately l HtDtUM Sheer Quality Has Made This Washington’s Leading Coffee! c ')s>nderful! Any time, any place, a delightful treat! Peppermint! j&iqsf THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C„ WEDNESDAY, - SEPTEMBER 23, 1925. owned and operated American over seas merchant marine wub moving to ward solution. That this is the cane is due to the drastic cuts made in operating losses through the manage ment of the Fleet Corporation and the abandonment of the wasteful methods of the Whipping Board when It had under Its charge the opera tion of the ships, with a Fleet Cor poration under the board'B direction, functioning in name only. Jealous of Authority. President Coolidge, when he tackled the shipping problem in the Fall and Winter of 1923-24, became convinced that the Whipping Board, with seven members, part of them Democrats and part of them Republicans, could not function properly as an adminis trative agency, with a huge business to conduct. Senator Jones of Wash ington, chairman of the Senate com merce committee, was outspoken at the time in his demand that the opera tion of the vessels should be turned over to one man at the head of the Fleet Corporation, and that the board should lie restored to its original func tions with regard to the Government ships and all other shipping, inquisi torial and regulatory. The constant effort of the President hits been to bring about such unified control, and the effort of the board apparently, has been to resist the lqpplng off of its power of administratioa. Iu the final analysis the controversy therefore simmers down to who shail be the authority over ship operation— the Shipping Board or President Palmer and the Fleet Corporation. The charge is made that the board, with the exception of a couple of mem bers, Instead of co-cperating whole heartedly with the president of the Fleet Corporation, as a board of di rectors In a business concern would co-operate with the manager of the business, has sought to embarrass the Fleet Corporation and to show that it can achieve better results than the corporation. But the members of the board, even in their efforts to handle Important questions relating to the disposition of the ships, have fought each other in cat and dog fashion. The sale of the Pacific Mail Line to the Dollar Line, for example, was made by a 4 to 3 vote of the board and was accompanied by violent charges on the part of the minority members against the majority. Although the negotiations for sale of the ships are supposedly in the Don’t Start That Furnace Yet! I We Offer as a SPECIAL SALE 400 WHEELING SUPER-RADIANT GAS HEATERS ! With 10 Burners j Never Has Such Value Been Offered Before Fries, Beall & Sharp Co. 734 Tenth Street N. W. Call Main 1964 for Delivery to Any Part of the City '''■» -■' ■ —lS=s==g '= j hands of the Fleet Corporation, the ■ “set up” for the final disposition of i the ships la unheard of in business, i Negotiations are conducted by the ■ Fleet Corporation and bids are re- I ceived, opened and a recommendation I to the board is submitted. But what i happens? The board rejects the rec ■ ommendation of the corporation and • then sets to work in some way to get , a better bid for the ships. This hap pened first in the sale of 200 ships to Henry Ford for scrapping purposes, and is happening again in connection I with the proposed sale of the Fan i American Line. I The result, it is said, ie to make the prospective purchasers of ships 1 have no regard at all tor the negotia l tlons conducted by the Fleet Corpora tion. What incentive is there to make i a real bid if it is realized that the board will reject It and then angle for a higher? Better make a low bid In the first instance and then get the favor of the board by submitting fig ures somewhat higher after the board has turned down the recommendation ! of the Fleet Corporation. The provisions of the Jones merchant marine act of 1920 looked to the •tticient operation of the merchant fleet while still under Government ’ ownership, so that the great losses in operation would he curtailed to 1 such an extent that private shipping 1 companies would purchase the routes. The reductions in expenditures and losses which have been made are due to the elimination of unnecessary ■ expenditures all along the line, to economy in the use of fuel, saving on repair costß, to better operation, to reduction in stevedoring charges and in the handling of purchases and supplies, to elimination of losses on foreign exchange and to the reduc tion of unnecessary personnel. Saving on Personnel. Out of the total reduction made by the Fleet Corporation, $2,100,000 rep resents the saving alone on personnel In the last 20 months. Admiral Palmer expects to continue cutting down unnecessary personnel to the tune of SIOO,OOO a month for a con i siderable time to come, i A criticism of the board members i is that Admiral Palmer is not in i creasing the number of vessels in service, but Is actually decreasing them. As a matter of fact, wherever vessels have been laid off it has been i only after the approval of the board itself has been gives. Additional ves sels, if placed In the service now. Admiral Palmer maintains, would only add to present considerable losses, since the oommerical sfi. nation does not demand such additions. The Shipping Board Itself, how ever, In a letter of August 18, 1925, to the director of the budget, says that the board will make an effort to keep 279 ships (not the 297 which have been In operation the past fiscal year) In service this year. President Palmer declares It Is his purpose to maintain at least this average num ber of ships in. operation the next year. Admiral Palmer submitted to the Shipping Board an estimate of $lB,- 000,000 for the operation of the ships during the fiscal year 1926-27. The board, however, has demanded a high er figure, $22,000,000. although the es timate of President Palmer was based on actual operating experience. The board followed up Its criticism of the estimate of President Palmer by adopting a resolution the next day that the executive assistants of the president of the Fleet Corporation be reduced in number and salary. The resolution was adopted by a vote of three to two. The assistants against whom this resolution was di rected are those whose services have made it possible to bring about the efficiency and economy represented bv the reduction in losses from $50,000,000 to $28,000,000 In the last 20 months. They are equipped to bring about a still further reduction of the burden on the Treasury for the ships to $lB,- 000,000 in the next fiscal year, Ad miral Palmer insists. Detailed to Academy. First Lieut. Charles W. Hanna, Bth Infantry, at Fort Moultrie. 8. 0., has been detailed to duty at Branham and Hughes Military Academy, Spring Hill, Tenn. 5% PAID ON SAVINGS DEPOSITS MORRIS PLAN BANK Under Supervision U. S. Treasury 1400 H ST. 11. W. I ■SfIJSV I JH 8 - t Jn XQ that tea* Itft o/ a home at Boseman, Mi., after an electrical storm on August 9. The metal-roofed catering in the background woe uninjured. After the Storm— I A blinding flash—a deafening crash —and when the clouds roll away, only a pile of smouldering ruins to mark what was once a home. The savings of a lifetime gone up in a passing thunder shower. j Lightning destroys far more suburban and rural property than any other fire cause. Every storm takes its toll. And yet this danger can be removed." ' I The home that is roofed with properly grounded rvonore Metal I mn alloy is safe from lighting. It is safe, too, from much of the danger of other external fire causes. Above all, it is covered with the most satisfactory, economical and durable roofing material you can buy. It will pay you to investigate the advantages of this spe cial rust-resisting material for your home. Ask any good sheet metal contractor. Izon.^slfei&^iic. BALTIMORE WASHINGTON South 2000 Main 890 Mak mg Comfort FASHIONABLE! I PRESERVER I Shoes For Women mT stands to reason. Smart women are perfectly content to pay $9 to $12.50 for shoe style distinction alone. Now, for the same expenditure, they can also get scientific arch-supporting and other comfort features. Women are far too skilled buyers to ignore such additional value! Fall Styles Now Ready! A 12 CHINESE EXECUTED AT PUBLIC CEREMONY Parade and Hanging of Robber* at Shanghai Arsenal Seen by Thousands. By the Associated Press. SHANGHAI, September 23.— Twelve convicted armed Chinese robbers were executed publicly today after a parade of the condemned. The parade and the hangings were witnessed by thou sands. The executions will continue at the rate of six dally until 180 condemned men have been executed in accordance with death sentences handed down by mixed courts. The sentences were not carried out previously because no Chinese author ity has been functioning in Shanghai, but the appointment of Shing Szlien, Manchurian commander, as ruler of the Shanghai area has made possible the resumption of hangings. The exe cutions today took place at the Lung wha arsenal. Uric Acid Disappears! and with it goes your rheumatism, gout, catarrh and kidney and blad der troubles when you drink the sparkling natural mineral water, Salvator. Physicians have recommended it for 50 years. Bottled at the springs abroad. The Alpha-Lux Co., Inc., New York. Salvator Natural Mineral Spring WATER Sold by the following and other leading druggists: Peoples Drug Stores, ‘‘All Over Town.” These First Eight Homes in Chevy Chase Terrace are to be sold at the very remarkable prices of $15,500 and $15,950 —with terms you will approve We can tell you frankly they will cost $2,000 to $3,000 more to duplicate—so you’ll be buying a bargain—in addition to a most Charming Home—admirably located—in the midst of the beauties of the country —and with every city conven ience. Center Hall or Cottage type —with one and tw o tile batha, elegantly appointed; most artistic finish throughout—and very practical in plan and equipment. 75-foot front lots—garage in rear. Representative on the ground from 9 AM* to 9 PM*—every day, including Sunday Motor oat Conn. A vet, through Bradley Lane, turning south at Wisconsin Ave.—a short block to Davidson Drive— tho tree arched entrance to Chevy Chase Terrace. 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