4
TURKS AND BRITISH
ON BRINK OF WAR
Hostile Act May Cause Hostil
ities Along Upper Tigris
at Any Time.
BY PALL SCOTT MOWRER.
By Cable io The Star ami Chicago Daily News,
GENEVA, September 23.—The is
sue of peace or war between Turkey
and Great Britain in the mountains
and valleys of the upper Tigris now
hang in the balance.
The Turks have massed 40,000 men
along the provisional frontier north
of Mosul and are massacring and
driving out pro-British, Assyro-Chal- -
dean Christians in this region after
the only recent sanguinary Turkish re
volt. The British are strengthening
their feeble Mesopotamian contin
gents, are arming Assyro-Chaldean
Christians on their side of the fron
tier and are trying to organize the
Kurds.
Grave Trouble Possible.
Under these circumstances, grave
frontier incidents are always .possible
and these may lead to incalculable
consequences.
The Lausanne treaty left final set
tlement of the Mosul dispute to arbi
tration by the league council. In
the debate just concluded here, the
Turks contended that arbitration ap
plies not to the whole Mosul region
but only to the frontier, that in any
case the council's decision must be
unanimous and that, whatever the
decision, the grand assembly of An
gora has the right to reject it if it
pleases.
The British agree to accept the
league’s arbitral award, but add that
unless Turkey reiterates similar ac
ceptance they will resume their own
liberty of action. The league council,
faced by a grave dilemna, has sought
to gain time and enlightment by re
ferring to the International Court
the questions whether, under the
Lausanne treatey the council’s arbi
tration Is final and whether the coun
cil’s vote in the matter must be
unanimous.
The Turks say they will pay no
attention to the court’s verdicts and
will not surrender what they consider
as their rights. Three months will
doubtless elapse before the court's
decision will enable the league coun
cil to resume :t* arbitral duties. With
in this period. It is generally con
ceded, anything may happen.
Motiw» of British.
The British motives are:
1. Strateelcal. The MosiiJ region
forms a natural bastion protecting
Mesopotamia and the route to India
from Turkish invasion. Without
Mosul the problem of defending Mes
opotamia becomes extremely diffi
cult.
2. Irrigation. Wfater reservoirs
necessary for irrigation of Mesopota
mian plains lie in the Mosul moun
tains. If the Turks controlled the
reservoirs they could prevent irriga
tion.
3. Oil. The main Anglo-Persian
pipe line, can only be defended from
a flank attack landward by holding
Mesopotamia, which in turn depends
on holding Mosul.
4. Colonial prestige. This perhaps
is the most important motive of all.
The British have occupied the dis
puted region ever since the war. Their
prestige was weakened by the Turkish
victory over the Greeks. If thev were
now obliged for any reason to with
draw from Mosul this would be inter
preted throughout the Mohammedan
Asiatic world as a new sign of weak
ness and would encourage rebellious
elements in various parts of the Brit
ish Empire.
Motives of Turkey.
The Turkish motives are:
1. Strategical. The Turks consider
Mosul a bastian against a possible
British or Arab invasion.
2. Oil. Possession of the Mosul oil
fields would insure considerable sums
of cash to the Turkish government.
3. Political. There are a million
and a half, more or less, rebellious
Kurds in Turkey and half a million in
the Mosul region. The Turks fear the
Bri'Ut may organize a Kurdish na
tionai'at movement directed against
Turkey.
4. National prestige. With the
Turks also thjs is perhaps the most
important motive.
The general and growing revolt of
Mohammedans and Asiatics against
European rule also favors Turkey.
India, Egypt and Palestine, though
momentarily quiet, are restless. China
is In a ferment. Prance has grave
'cars on her hands, both in Morocco
and Syria. Mahabi nomads from the
desert are invading the pro-British
Arab kingdom of Iledjaz. They have
taken Mecca and now threaten Me
dina.
Soviet Russia is doing everything in
its power to support and extend all
these revolts. Finally, in Great Brit
ain itself there is a pacifist war
weariness which makes it almost Im
possible for the British government to
conduct a vigorous colonial campaign
at the present time. To Asiatics this
lassitude signifies the slipping of Great
Britain’s hold and gives the greatest
possible encouragement.
(Copyright, 1925, by Chicago Daily News.)
The 90-bell set in the belfry of
Grace Church, in New York City, is
regularly rung by a woman—Miss
Mary H. Piles.
CIUiOWCWI'S^jM
aftftta/uiwj®- \J
(Who
f\IAJ tbtv
Sotcai.
GO CL, l/VUI/tA
Xo
OTsJLS
cJbrTfcjLAU <&—
* I 3 ie G STREET
CITY CLUB BUILDING
Finds in the Congo
Expected to Cut
Price of Radium
By the Associated Press.
BRUSSELS, September 23.
Bargain rates on radium are fore
seen by experts in the develop
ment of the Belgian Congo radium
industry. The price of radium
now is 1,000,000 francs a gram,
but the discovery of further ra
dium-bearing deposits in the
Congo is tending to cut the price.
Experts hope that before many
years radium will be produced at
a price that will make it available
in the ordinary hospital service.
The Congo thus far is said to
have produced ICO of the 310
grams said to be the world’s
supply.
PALMER’S SAVINGS
ENOMOUS, RECORD
OF WORK REVEALS
(Continued from First Paged
This is an accomplishment which the
American people will laud, particu
larly -as It is saving millions of dol
lars in taxes to them.
But a result of the economies in
operation which is of far-reaching im
portance. ofmore importance even than
the economies themselves, is the trans
fer of the Government ships to pri
vate American ownership for opera
tion in the overseas trade under the
American flag.
As Admiral Palmer and his aides and
the Government agents operating the
ships have succeeded in cutting down
the losses sustained by the various
lines now operated, so these vessels
have become more desirable and sal
able to American shipping men.
Within the last year three lines
have been sold by the Shipping Board,
on recommendation of the president
of the Fleet Corporation, to private
owners, who have given guarantee of
continued operation under the Amer
ican flag of the present routes over a
period of five years. The sale of
these three lines meant the transfer
to private American ownership and
operation of 23 vessels. So much has
the American overseas fleet, privately
owned, benefited. The lines in ques
tion are the Pacific Mail, operating
from San Francisco to the Orient five
ships at $1,125,000 per ship; the Pal
metto Line, operating from South
Atlantic ports to Europe, six ships for
$370,000. and the Export Line, operat
ing from North Atlantic ports to the
Meditterannean, 18 ships for $1,100,00.
A fourth line, the .Pan-American
operating out of New York to the
east coast of South America, would
have been sold also within the last
few days had the Shipping Board fol
lowed the recommendation of Admiral
Palmer. The bid was $770,000 per ves
sel—there are four now being operated
by the Pan-American —made by the
Munson Line which is now handling
the ships for the Government. The
Shipping Board, however, divided throe
to three on the proposal to sell, and
it was therefore rejected.
Under the sales campaign worked
up by the Fleet Corporation since, at
the instance of President Coolidge, the
negotiations for the sale of the Gov
ernment ships have been turned over
to that agency by the Shipping Board
—ostensibly at least —offers of pur
chase have been made for five other
lines of Government ships.
It begins to look, therefore, as
though the problem of a privately
l HtDtUM
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j&iqsf
THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C„ WEDNESDAY, - SEPTEMBER 23, 1925.
owned and operated American over
seas merchant marine wub moving to
ward solution. That this is the cane
is due to the drastic cuts made in
operating losses through the manage
ment of the Fleet Corporation and
the abandonment of the wasteful
methods of the Whipping Board when
It had under Its charge the opera
tion of the ships, with a Fleet Cor
poration under the board'B direction,
functioning in name only.
Jealous of Authority.
President Coolidge, when he tackled
the shipping problem in the Fall and
Winter of 1923-24, became convinced
that the Whipping Board, with seven
members, part of them Democrats
and part of them Republicans, could
not function properly as an adminis
trative agency, with a huge business
to conduct. Senator Jones of Wash
ington, chairman of the Senate com
merce committee, was outspoken at
the time in his demand that the opera
tion of the vessels should be turned
over to one man at the head of the
Fleet Corporation, and that the board
should lie restored to its original func
tions with regard to the Government
ships and all other shipping, inquisi
torial and regulatory. The constant
effort of the President hits been to
bring about such unified control, and
the effort of the board apparently, has
been to resist the lqpplng off of its
power of administratioa.
Iu the final analysis the controversy
therefore simmers down to who shail
be the authority over ship operation—
the Shipping Board or President
Palmer and the Fleet Corporation.
The charge is made that the board,
with the exception of a couple of mem
bers, Instead of co-cperating whole
heartedly with the president of the
Fleet Corporation, as a board of di
rectors In a business concern would
co-operate with the manager of the
business, has sought to embarrass the
Fleet Corporation and to show that it
can achieve better results than the
corporation. But the members of the
board, even in their efforts to handle
Important questions relating to the
disposition of the ships, have fought
each other in cat and dog fashion. The
sale of the Pacific Mail Line to the
Dollar Line, for example, was made
by a 4 to 3 vote of the board and was
accompanied by violent charges on the
part of the minority members against
the majority.
Although the negotiations for sale
of the ships are supposedly in the
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hands of the Fleet Corporation, the
■ “set up” for the final disposition of
i the ships la unheard of in business,
i Negotiations are conducted by the
■ Fleet Corporation and bids are re-
I ceived, opened and a recommendation
I to the board is submitted. But what
i happens? The board rejects the rec
■ ommendation of the corporation and
• then sets to work in some way to get
, a better bid for the ships. This hap
pened first in the sale of 200 ships to
Henry Ford for scrapping purposes,
and is happening again in connection
I with the proposed sale of the Fan
i American Line.
I The result, it is said, ie to make
the prospective purchasers of ships
1 have no regard at all tor the negotia
l tlons conducted by the Fleet Corpora
tion. What incentive is there to make
i a real bid if it is realized that the
board will reject It and then angle for
a higher? Better make a low bid In
the first instance and then get the
favor of the board by submitting fig
ures somewhat higher after the board
has turned down the recommendation
! of the Fleet Corporation.
The provisions of the Jones merchant
marine act of 1920 looked to the
•tticient operation of the merchant
fleet while still under Government
’ ownership, so that the great losses
in operation would he curtailed to
1 such an extent that private shipping
1 companies would purchase the routes.
The reductions in expenditures and
losses which have been made are
due to the elimination of unnecessary
■ expenditures all along the line, to
economy in the use of fuel, saving on
repair costß, to better operation, to
reduction in stevedoring charges and
in the handling of purchases and
supplies, to elimination of losses on
foreign exchange and to the reduc
tion of unnecessary personnel.
Saving on Personnel.
Out of the total reduction made by
the Fleet Corporation, $2,100,000 rep
resents the saving alone on personnel
In the last 20 months. Admiral
Palmer expects to continue cutting
down unnecessary personnel to the
tune of SIOO,OOO a month for a con
i siderable time to come,
i A criticism of the board members
i is that Admiral Palmer is not in
i creasing the number of vessels in
service, but Is actually decreasing
them. As a matter of fact, wherever
vessels have been laid off it has been
i only after the approval of the board
itself has been gives. Additional ves
sels, if placed In the service now.
Admiral Palmer maintains, would only
add to present considerable losses,
since the oommerical sfi. nation does
not demand such additions.
The Shipping Board Itself, how
ever, In a letter of August 18, 1925,
to the director of the budget, says
that the board will make an effort
to keep 279 ships (not the 297 which
have been In operation the past fiscal
year) In service this year. President
Palmer declares It Is his purpose to
maintain at least this average num
ber of ships in. operation the next year.
Admiral Palmer submitted to the
Shipping Board an estimate of $lB,-
000,000 for the operation of the ships
during the fiscal year 1926-27. The
board, however, has demanded a high
er figure, $22,000,000. although the es
timate of President Palmer was based
on actual operating experience. The
board followed up Its criticism of the
estimate of President Palmer by
adopting a resolution the next day
that the executive assistants of the
president of the Fleet Corporation be
reduced in number and salary.
The resolution was adopted by a
vote of three to two. The assistants
against whom this resolution was di
rected are those whose services have
made it possible to bring about the
efficiency and economy represented bv
the reduction in losses from $50,000,000
to $28,000,000 In the last 20 months.
They are equipped to bring about a
still further reduction of the burden
on the Treasury for the ships to $lB,-
000,000 in the next fiscal year, Ad
miral Palmer insists.
Detailed to Academy.
First Lieut. Charles W. Hanna, Bth
Infantry, at Fort Moultrie. 8. 0., has
been detailed to duty at Branham and
Hughes Military Academy, Spring
Hill, Tenn.
5% PAID ON
SAVINGS
DEPOSITS
MORRIS PLAN BANK
Under Supervision U. S. Treasury
1400 H ST. 11. W.
I
■SfIJSV I JH
8 - t Jn
XQ that tea* Itft o/ a home at Boseman, Mi., after an electrical storm on
August 9. The metal-roofed catering in the background woe uninjured.
After the Storm—
I
A blinding flash—a deafening crash —and when the
clouds roll away, only a pile of smouldering ruins to
mark what was once a home. The savings of a lifetime
gone up in a passing thunder shower. j
Lightning destroys far more suburban and rural
property than any other fire cause. Every storm
takes its toll. And yet this danger can be removed." ' I
The home that is roofed with properly grounded
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the danger of other external fire causes. Above all,
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cial rust-resisting material for your home. Ask any
good sheet metal contractor.
Izon.^slfei&^iic.
BALTIMORE WASHINGTON
South 2000 Main 890
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A
12 CHINESE EXECUTED
AT PUBLIC CEREMONY
Parade and Hanging of Robber*
at Shanghai Arsenal Seen
by Thousands.
By the Associated Press.
SHANGHAI, September 23.— Twelve
convicted armed Chinese robbers were
executed publicly today after a parade
of the condemned. The parade and the
hangings were witnessed by thou
sands.
The executions will continue at the
rate of six dally until 180 condemned
men have been executed in accordance
with death sentences handed down
by mixed courts.
The sentences were not carried out
previously because no Chinese author
ity has been functioning in Shanghai,
but the appointment of Shing Szlien,
Manchurian commander, as ruler of
the Shanghai area has made possible
the resumption of hangings. The exe
cutions today took place at the Lung
wha arsenal.
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gout, catarrh and kidney and blad
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sparkling natural mineral water,
Salvator.
Physicians have recommended it
for 50 years.
Bottled at the springs abroad.
The Alpha-Lux Co., Inc.,
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Salvator
Natural Mineral Spring
WATER
Sold by the following and other
leading druggists:
Peoples Drug Stores,
‘‘All Over Town.”
These First Eight Homes in
Chevy Chase Terrace
are to be sold at the very remarkable prices of
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We can tell you frankly they will cost $2,000 to $3,000
more to duplicate—so you’ll be buying a bargain—in addition
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Center Hall or Cottage type —with one and tw o tile batha,
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H A marvelous city—a thriving business EEj
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1 NEXT 12-DAY BOAT and I
1 LAND ROUND TRIP TOURS I
EE =i
= September 25 H
= Four-day boat trip to
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= touring the principal _ “ S
== East Coast Florida cities Expense f S £3
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1 NEXT 8-DAY TRAIN and BUS I I
| ROUND TRIP TOUR
1 October 6th
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