Evening star. [volume], May 26, 1929, Page 13, Image 13

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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NYE AND BOX ARGUE
NATIONAL ORIGINS
North Dakotan Attacks
Clause as Texan Defends
It in Radio Forum.
. fCont.innwt Ftom Flrafr Page)
immigrants a proportionate iiaenesa of
«ur present population and population
of our country at Its inception back in
the colonial days. If a given percent
age of our whole population traced its
ancestry back, let us say to Norway,
then under the national origins plan of
immigration quotas the number of im
migrants admitted annually from Nor
way would be the same percentage of
the total number of immigrants to be
admitted, the total number being fixed
at 150,000. That, wa* the theory of
the national origins plan. Who could
enmplain against: such a plan'.’ None
dared to; none wanted to.
Time t*r Work Quotas
However, it was set the time conceded
that it would, take some little time to
work out the quotas on this basis and
theory and It was necessary to set up
wane temporary machinery no govern .
quotas until the national origins quotas
should be determined. It was deter- j
rained to admit ftom each of the quota ;
countries 2 per cent of the total foreign- |
hem population found in America ftom
those quota countrim bv the census of
1890 This would bring us approxi
mately 150.000. the an me number as
was provided for in the national origins
plan. Under this plan, if the census
oT 1890 showed a population of X 5.600
ih America who were bom in Belgium,
then Belgium, under the temporary
quota basis, would be errtltlai to send
542 immigrants to mr anmndly, this
hHng 2 per cent of that total.
It is this basis of immigration quotas,
■based upon the 1890 census of foreign
-born in America, which has since 1924
-been operative and which will continue
to operate until the national origins
3ala*t becomes effective or until change
is made in the law.
;i* the immigration act of 1924 Con
grqes* provided for a oommiwion tn
•determine what the quotas would be
under the national origins clause. This
rofiuaission consisted of the Secretaries
-Of i State. Commerce and Labor in the
cabinet. They were Secre
•tefie* Kellogg. Hoover and Davis. This
commission straightway put experts to
•the task of ferreting, out the facts upon
wrtdrh to base quotas under the national
origins plan and from 1924 until very
-recently these experts base been at
•work.
Congress Fostpamsff Date.
In 1927. after nearly thTee years of
artudy, figures were submitted by the
Tomigslslon to Congrres. They were not
backed by that corrtWenre which
eernsed essential. «nt uncertainty as to
their accuracy caused Congress to post
pone the effective" date of the national
-origins plan for tayear.
Thr experts and the commission sub
•tnitted another set of figures in 1928.
Again were they rtbrlared to be inac
curate end not final.
In wach case, the commission itself
-made dear its lack of confidence in the
figures, and again there was postpone
ment of the effectiveness of the na
tional origins basis. Then, this year, in i
Ttobruarv. another statement was sub
mitted by the experts dinwing what
they had again concluded would be
the quota for each country under this
-national origins plan. In many cases
it was as different from the last state
ment submitted as there is difference
-between night and dby.
Following the submission of the last
■statement *nd late in the life of the
last session of Congress, r introduced
« resolution which again called for
-postponement, but « tight ending: in a
filibuster against the more- to postpone
•eras undertaken. At this new and spe
cial session of" Congress bills to repeal
tend resolutions to postpone- have been
-Offered, but they have- been tied up- hr
-committee so as to deny to Congress
•the chance to vote' upon the question
-of repeal or postponement. However, an
tegreement now seems to prevail which
will afford the Senate, some time next
wreek, a chance to voter and - test
atrength upon the issue. So evenly di
vided is sentiment upon this question:
•that one or-two votes in the Senate: is
oguite apt to determine the result.
Faar Estimate* BMP;
I have recited the differing conclu
sions which -have hem rescind by the
-Commission mad its- experts in the
satudy of the which has been
to OeQgrnar. Nh less- than
'four such estimates'; for estimator and
■uncertainties -they must now ber atr
eepted as being, have-been submitted bv
the same commissioit and expert*. And
whet a variety of ggiesses they were!
Gndeed. it is little wonder that the
'three members of the commission. Serr
■wetaries Kellogg. Hooter and Davis, de
clared the national origins plan to be
inaccurate and -not -praartUadrte. Let u*
aee how these-estimates hnve varied hr.
'the cases of w'fawtof th*» countries:
The four Austrian»estimate* were as
'follows: 2,171. IteW. l.fffflß 1,4431
The BelgiantjoeSa-wsK- first estimated
tet 251. Then iater-estimates decl toast
-the number- to:*e»4l0. L33R ants Anally
:r.304.
The first igmasoen-thr Wrench quota
•was 1,772- then'3:B37. then 3.3RTAF and
“finally 3 086.
Germany was fhrst rpiaewt ok 3Cr.(J3K
sand each subsequent -estimate rtesed
the total unti the-final figure* declared
Germany entitled -to
Hungary was first «eet at 1,331, and
■subsequent studies and estimates
-brought It down to 869.
Ireland was first agiven *3BO ar it*
Quota. Then following <*stimates saw it
arradually increased to more than twice
•that number.
A variation -of .3,000 i* -shown in the
various quotes-determined due Poland.
"Russia's quotas, as arrived at by the
■expert*, wobbled all the w*y from #,002
to 2,784. Switzerland was first de
clared entitled to 783 unddr the na
tional origins plan, and later figures
gave it 1,707.
And so it times throughout the list
of countries coming under the quota
laws. Four different -studies brought, I
four different-condnsions! It ail goes
to demonstrate how inaccurate must be
conclusions as to just what . percentage
of our population traces Its origin to
this, that and the other country, it
•11 gives us an understanding at what
prompted Mr. Hoover, -as a candidate
for President, to hectare his belief th«r
the national -origins -plan wak inac
curate and ought to b* repealed, and.
further, what prompted him to aak. in
his first message to Congress, for it*
repeal.
Any basis of immigration quota* must,
be reasonably accurate before people
generally can be expected to accept itr
•s a proper basis. But, in spite or this
very intelligent, opposition to national
origins, a determined effort is being
made to force national origins to be
come effective July 1 of this year, as
it will become effective if it is not
repealed or postponed before then.
If figures were available showing im
migration to our land in the Colonic
days and the-early-days df our history
as a Nation, it might-be possible to sit
down and work out«-basis Os immigra
tion quotas on that theory. But them
are no such figures of -an accurate
nature prior to 1820. A large part rtf
whatever data was available prior to
that time was destroyed in the fires set
bv the British in the War of 1812 when
the National Capitol '•and records were*
destroyed.
However, friends of national origins
Insist that it is still possible to deter
mine our national make-up back in
that period through records of arrivals
of ships bringing immigrants in our
early ports and through names found
upon the records of the first census
taken in America in 1790 and other
sources. However, It is a well known
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REPRESENTATIVE BOX AND SENATOR NYE.
Who broadcast over the Columbia system IM sight In The Star forum.
—Star Staff Photo. {
ftiet that when a shipload of immi
grants arrived in America In those
early days, if foe ship bringing the im
migrants; was a British ship, and the
great oulk of them were British, then
fo«w immigrants were recorded as
being of British origin. It is also a
well known fact that a large number
of men who fought in Washington's
Continental Army bore names which
we mat found upon the census rolls of
1790, thus demonstrating how inac
curate Is the 179!) census. That being
fop case, it appeals to me. as It appeals
tn many others, that we are better to
maintain the present basis of quotas,
which is that figured on the census
figures of 1890. showing the total num
ber of foreign-born residents In Amer
ica at that time, and to maintain this
until some better scheme can be worked
out.
Figures Are Surprising.
Careful tabulation of the records of
Immigration to America during the first
70 years of immigration statistics, start
ing in 1820 and ending in 1890. sur
prises one when these records are com
pared with the temporary immigration
quotas which have been established by
virtue of the 1890 census of foreign- j
bern. These records disclose that Eng
land. Scotland and Wales sent to us,
during that 70-year period, an average
of 39,380 immigrants annually. The
quot» of Great Britain under the 1890 ;
basis, new operative is 34.007. Under
national origins it would be 65.721.
Itetgium sent us an average, during
that 70-year period, of 628. and under i
the 1890 basis they sent us 512 immi- I
grants annually. Under national origins
would spnd 1.413.
Kussia sent an average of 3.663 and
under the present basis of quotas is
privileged to send 2.240 each year. The
national origins plan would give Russia
I 2,784.
Greece sent us 39 immigrants on the |
average* during that 70-year period and
under the 1890 basis now operative ;
sends us 108 Immigrants annually. Un
der national origins Greece would have
307.
Germany sent us 64,359 on the aver
age through that longer period and
under the present basis of quotas is
privileged to send us 31,227 Immigrants
annually, whereas national origins would
cut Germany to 25,957.
Ireland sent an average in that first
70-year immigration period of 49.781 i
each year and under the present basis
of immigration is privileged to send
ZBT.S6T annually. The national origins t
plan would reduce this number to
17.853.
Norway, Sweden and Denmark in tiltj
70 years sent an average of 15.251 imm
igrants a year to us. Under the pmsent
basis of quotas those countries are enti- j
titled to 18.803 per year. Under the j
national origins plan these Scandi
navian countries would be slashed to
6'872
Thaw figures show how much more
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THE SUNDAY STAR.' WASHTX~GI*ON.' P." <"■ MAT 28. TT?3-PART 1.
fair the present quotas are than the
national origins quotas would be.
I have said that there has been resort |
: to the grossest, kind of misrepresent- t
attons about what national origins would
accomplish. I want, to recite and eor-
I rect some of those representations.
It is claimed that national origin is
\ a plan to further restrict immigration
i to America. I am myself a believer in
restricted immigration, but the national
< origins plan was never intended to re
| strict immigration any further than it
j was already restricted tty the 1890
quota basis. There is a difference of
9.000 or 10,000 who can come to this
country under the two plans, and I for
one. ms a foe of the national origins
theory, would gladly consent to a pro
portionate shaving of the present basis
of quotas to a point which would give
us the same number under the present
1 basis as would be admitted under the
national origins plan. But, the national
j origins plan was not intended to con
stitute a further restriction of immi- j
I gration.
There is another representation to.
< the effect that the national origins, if
it discriminates against any people, dis
criminates against the people of South
eastern Europe. The facts are that the
national origins plan will Increase im
migration from Southeastern Europe by
more than 4.000, and while increasing
immigration from Great Britain, will
j decrease immigration from Norway,
Sweden. Denmark. Germany and Ire
land by nearly 50D00, while reducing
the total Immigration by less than
10.000.
No cme who has studied the history
of immigration and the contribution of
i immigrants can call such a basis of im
migration quotas fair. Under national
origins the quotas from Italy, Greece,
Russia and other Southeastern coun
tries would be increased. Italy, for ex
ample. would be increased from 3,800
| to 5.800; Great Britain would be in
creased from 34.000 to 85.000, and while
this ta taking place national origins is
cutting the quota of Denmark from
2.700 to 1.100. of Germany from 51.000
to 23.000. Ireland from 28.000 to 17.000;
Norway from 6.400 to 3,300, Sweden j
, from 9300 to 3.300.
General Dissatisfaction.
The contributions of the people who
came to us through all our history from
northern Europe have been written so
indelibly upon the pages of our history
that I do not wonder in the least that
I there is general dissatisfaction with the
national origins basis of quotas. We
i know of the records and the parts which
these people have played in all of those
I engagements which have meant the life
! of our country, and we know of the
great pioneer strides which these peo
nle have made in behalf of the building
| of America.
I A further misrepresentation has been
! made upon this subject with relation
; to the attitude of the American Federa
: tion of Labor, which has been declared
to be in approval of the national ori
gin* theory. This is falae. and the offi
rtaiff off the ftderattmt have made li
very dear foot they are opposed to
! national origins.
These has also been an effort matte
i to cause people to be 1 lew that natimral
; origins would remedy that situation
which ffndk our jails, imr aoylnms and.
our hospital* filled with diseased. Ifce
blf«-mittdc<t and pauper*, who are im
migrants flrtm countries of at blond alien
to our own. When this claim was made
upon the floor of the Senate soivi£ few
days agn the statement was chalA’ngrd
1 and an explanation was demanded. The
explanation was made through a
■ demonstration of' the kind of immi grant
that is coming to us from Mexico. But
Mexico i* in no way affected by the na
i ttenal origins plan of quotas or ti»
plan of quotas which is now in eflfect.
Mexico is not upon » quota basis at *u.
! and people should not be misled we
i know that, uniter tine present basis of
! quotas, we are winning immi grant*
i from countries which have contributed
the finest, the cleanest and the most
abie of immigrant* throughout our
: history.
! The time allotted me to discuss tins
question ia not at all ample to fully set.<
forth the foci* pertaining to this great
j controversy, but T would, in conclusion.
I point out this—thw. the national ori
gins plan would' imt seem to bring us
! nearly so accurate a counter part of
i our population as does the present basis
; of quotas which are builded upon the
; population of foreign-barn in America
'in 1890 „
I would point out adso fold it ia
i hardly fair to draw so strict a conclu
: sion as many do draw to the effect that
i our colonial stock in America was Brit
ish stock. President Roosevelt once
wrote that. ‘‘lt ia always well to re
member that at the day when we began,
our career a* a nation, we already dis- ,
sered from our kinsmen at Britain in
i blood as well aa in name; Americans
belong to the Ehglish rase only in the
1 sense in which Englishmen belong to
■ the German race.’’
I wish with all mv heart for the re
peal of the national origins clause in
i he Immigration act. because quotas un
j der such a basis are certainly not in,
j keeping with the best interests off
i America as those interests are involved
in the question of Immigration.
Representative Boa declared that the
national origins basis moves forward
with each decade and continues with
each census to be approximately pro
portionate to the wtatte American pop
ulation. He predicted, in case of the
repeal of the provision, that the
patriotic organizations of the eiaintry
would launch a drtve to restore all
quotas as low as one-half off what JJiey
are now.
Following Is the text at Hepreaenta
tive Box’s speech last night over the
radio forum:
The question whether the national
origins provisions of the irmnigratirm
act shall go into effect as now provided
by the law as written In 1924 involves
essentially the question of the restric
tion of immigration, or the opposite of
that policy.
The sum of the quotas on the na
' tional origins basis Is nearly 10 per
cent leas than all the quotas based on
the census of 1890. But that is tally a
minor element in the impairment at
the immigration act of 1924 involved
in the proposed suspension or repeal
of the national origins quota provisions.
Friends of restriction should search
for the record of the members of Con
gress who are usually opposed to re
striction, and check that by their posi
tion on this question. Such a com
parison will make it plain that prac
tically all opponents of restriction axe
now opposing the national origins pro
visions.
Support and Opposition.
I do not know a single opponent of
the restriction of immigration, whether
an individual member of Congress, or a
person or group outside of Congress,
who is now supporting the national
origins provisions.
On the other hand every patriotic
organization, or other group within the
range of my knowledge, which ha*
worked for restriction, now favor* the
national origins quota basis. I now give
you the names of some of those organi
zations which have actively supported
the restriction of immigration. Every
one of them insists upon the retention
of the national origins provisions as the
heart of our quota system.
American Legion. American War
Mothers, American Gold Star Mother*.
Commonwealth Club of San Francisco.
Disabled American Veterans of the
World War, Daughters of the Union
Veterans of the Civil War, 1861-1869;
Junior Order United American Me
chanics, Key Men of America. Ladies’
of the Grand Army of the Republic.
National Society. Daughters of the
American Revolution, National Society
Daughters of the Revolution, National
Auxiliary. United Spanish War Veter
ans. National Society, Sons of the
American Revolution, the National
Women's Relief Corps. New York Chap
. ter United Daughters of the Con
i bWleracy. Naml and Military Order of
i the Spanish-American War. Sons of
Confederacy (Eastern division), and
; I about 70 other similar American pa
! trie tic societies, whose names are be
i tan joe.
Thr organizations whose names I
have called compose less than 25 per
! cent of the list now before me, which
. lack of time compels me to abbrevi
ate. These organizations represent
many millions of high-class patriotic
1 people of every part of the United
States. There are millions of others,
• organized and unorganized, who hold
the same view. They are In earnest
about keeping America American, and
are not playing politics with alien and
» hyphenated "blocs. I know of riot one
Jsuch organization which has declared
itself against the national origins quota j
provisions.
' • Conclusion to be Drawn.
conclusion can a citizenship
which believes in restriction draw when
it ftpes all opponents of restriction ar
rayed against the national origins pro
-1 visions- and all organizations which
I work Jfor restriction actively supporting
them?
The active opponents and supporters
off the national origins provisions have
gtwen the questlort special attention.
Are both ignorant erf what is involved?
To believe* that requires a peculiar
mental make-up. or s situation making
it politically or otherwise convenient to
entertain auefc a view.
I do* not iteny the existence of a
small minority of men who have voted
for restriction, who now, because of
peculiar personal kanings or local con
nections, or the necessities of politics,
will vote to change the act of 1924,
by abandoning the permanent quota
basis therein provided, and using in
' its stead the 1890 basis named as a
temporary one in that act. But that
sinall minority woußd amount to noth
ing in numbers or political influence
bra tor their alliance with the opponents
of restriction.
A well financed widespread propa
ganda has been put oofc to mislead the
eoumry Into believing that the national
origins quota basis is ar* after-thought
added", at some later time for some rea
son foteign to the spirit and intent of
the act; of 1924. These pan visions were
written into the 1934 act srvd have been
the permanent, keystone of the arch of
the qurtfa system since iff was con
structed by Congress and approved by
the President. The 1890 cepsus basis
was to be temporary, with the express
provision that such temporary basis
shrraM be replaced with the national
origins as the permanent basis.
WaAnea ass Qaate Basis.
Few. if any. students of the problems
and supporters of restriction failed to
recognize in. 1924 the weakness of a.
quota basis computed entirely on the,
foreign-born population at a time 34
years then pasts and necessarily destined,
to become more and more remote. When,
the drafting otf the 1924 quota law began,
many were willing to use the 1890 cen
sus basis in preference to any other
then suggested; but it was accepted for i
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a time only because nothing more satis
factory had been offered. Many of the
ablest students of the problem in the
Senate and House, and outside of Con
gress, saw the weakness of an enumer
ation of foreign-bom in 1800. or at any
other time a* a quota basis. This
caused the national origins provisions to
be written by the Senate, after which
it was agreed to by the House and
9enate conferees, and still later, by the
House and afterward approved by the
President.
The number of foreign-bom in the
country in 1890 is a foreign-born basis.
The national origins computation of
every element of the whole population
! of America, native and foreign-bom, as
; built from the first settlement of the
! colonies. the territories and other parts
| of the republic, running through the
(census of 1790, and every census to
I date, is an American basis.
Misstatements Repeated.
The oft-repeated statement that the
national origins quotas are baaed solely
on the apparent origin of names shown
in the census of 1790. or exclusively on
i the whole of thnt census, is not true.
The history of the settlement of the
j colonies, of the settlement of Florida,
I of Texas, of the Louisiana Territory
j and the parts of Mexico, which went
I into American States, the census of
1890, and each succeeding census, with
all our immigration figures and the
emigration records of Europe, went into
the computation made by experts who
had made a thorough study of census
and population elements and had long
practical experience in dealing with
them. Each of the quota countries was
then given, a quota in approximate pro
portion to its contribution to our com
posite population.
Os course they did not compute the
racial composition of individuals. The
law forbids that. To tell the public
that is involved, is to quibble and
equivocate.
An effort has, been made to impress
the country thr.t the national origins
provisions furnish only an unworkable
approximation of a quota basis, and
that the 1890 census is an exact and
certain basis for the calculation of
quotas made in 1924. Between 1890
and 1924. a period of 34 years, the inter
national boundaries of Europe, had been
conglomerated, and rearranged on a
vast scale. All that the census of 1890
showed as to the country of the immi
grant's origin; was that he was bom in
Russia, or in. Germany, or France, or
Austria, or one of the many oft-chang
ing Balkan states, as the immigrant
understood amd stated to the enumera
tor in 1890. Even if the statements of
the foreign-burn, many of whom neither
understood nor spoke English, made to
the temporarily employed thousands of
untrained enumerators, as to where the
immigrant* were born, had been correct,
some of the countries to which quotas
were given iij 1924 did not exist as
nations in JB9O and were, of course,
not listed in that census.
People Under New Map.
Some European states had been j
created out of the* territory of other j
countries. In some instances territory ;
had been taken from two or three na- j
tions to form new states. In many
instances regions had been taken from
one country, listed in the census of
1890. and given to another during that 1
period of 34 years. Indeed the map of >
Europe had been re-made. The best j
equipped diplomats had to have maps
and expert geographers at hand to
advise them of the inclusion or exclusion i
of some regions, and the location of i
boundaries, existing, and proposed. !
Those who figured the quotas on the j
basis of the 1890 census had to estimate
whether the Austria, or Poland, or
Czechoslovakia, or Jugoslavia, or Turkey, \
or Prance, or Italy, or Russia, or Ger- !
many of 1924 included the locality in
which the immigrant was bom some
time prior to 1890. These experts have
frankly advised the Senate committee
that this general condition prevailed,
when they somewhat hurriedly com
puted the quotas based on the census
of the foreign-bom in 1890.
The time between the approval of |
the 1924 act and the date on which it I
took full effect was so short that even i
the temporary quotas provided for in j
that act had to be promptly approxi- I
mated. Os course the result was a j
general and rough approximation, nec- j
cesarilv made in a hurry, from in- j
sufficient data, or immediate, though
temporary use. The country had a j
right to have such an approximation j
made in the emergency then existing. I
It has the right, and is in duty bound
to make the more logical, fair and
permanent approximation provided in
the national origins clauses, in the
more careful and deliberate manner
provided by the law, time permitting
it.
German Basis Unfair.
The 1890 census basis gives to
Germany 31 per cent of the total
quotas. Though Germany has con
tributed at most about 17 per cent of
the racial stock of the United States.
The same failure of the 1890 census
to furnish a fair basis developed in
varying but substantial degrees in ap- j
portioning quotas to other countries. 1
A word of the testimony of the ex
perts who compared these bases and
computed the national origins quotas,
will be worth hearing. Dr. Hill, as
sistant director of the Census, whose
character, ability and expert knowledge,
all admit., was chairman of the quota
board. From his testimony I quote: '
Dr. Hill: "I will say, however, that no
proposition has been brought to my
attention that seems to be fairer than
this one of national origin."
Again Dr. Hill was asked the question
"Does the distribution of quotas based
on the 1890 census reflect with any
accuracy the proportion of nationalities
that now exists in the United States?”
Dr. Hill: “No, indeed, it does not.”
The claim that the national origins
basis is not workable is answered by the j
fact that the quota board has worked I
out, the secretaries have certified and i
the President has proclaimed the na
tional origins quotas. j <
The three secretaries in their final j i
report said: “ We. in the discharge ! 1
of duty laid upon us by the statute. 1
have made the determination provided i
I
; in subdivision c7 of Section No. 11 of
the act and Jointly submit herewith
the quotas of each nationality deter
i mined as provided in subdivision (b) of
| the act.”
>'• Discrimination in Act.
The claim that the national origins
: quota basis discriminates against any
1 nation, or people, is based on the as-
I sumption that it is unfair to give quotas
Ito immigrant-furnishing countries in
proportion to their respective contribu
\ tions to the whole white stock of the
! nation. No European countries or
people acquired vested rights in the
temporary quotas provided in the 1924
act. even if those quotas had been
presented as prospectively permanent.
The absurdity of an assumption of such
vested rights is heightened when it Is
remembered that those temporary'
quotas were presented as temporary,
; accompanied by provisions for their
; early abandonment for the permanent
| origins basis.
! The census of 1890 is now nearly 40
! years old, and is becoming more remote.
| The national origin basis moves forward
j with each decade and continues with
j each census, ever approximately propor
tionate to the white American popula
tion.
i Whatever the Government does to re
j strict immigration always has been and
will be viciously assailed by those who
would have the people of Europe and
other countries treated as possessing
vested rights to places and opportunity
In America. No sooner had the national
origins basis been adopted than certain
race-conscious blocs with strong foreign
affinities, who have almost invariably
opposed every restrictive act, began to
move among other groups to organise
an attack upon that quota basis. If the
1890 census had been the permanent
quota basis provided in the Act of 1924,
it would have been as violently attacked
as has the national origins basis and
would have been weaker under attack.
I Indeed that census had been assailed
j from the first while it was under con
sideration as a permanent basis. The
country already has ample notice that
it will be attacked if it should be made
the permanent quota basis. If the
groups who give body and strength to
the attack now being made had not as
i sailed national origins, they would have
directed their forces against some other
fundamental part of the law.
The minority of friends of the 1924
immigration act, who are joining the
opponents of all restriction in an effort
to suspend or repeal the national ori
gins provisions of the law, are commit
ting a great folly. If the attack on the
heart of the 1924 act should succeed,
the anti-restrictlonists will attack some
other key position, and the patriotic
people, who are determined to main
tain the numerical restriction included
In the quota system will probably launch
a well organized, nation-wide drive to
reduce all quotas as low as one-half of
what they are now, and to restrict Im
migration still further in other direc
tions.
If our friends want more of this war,
it is waiting for them.
13