Evening star. [volume], September 08, 1930, Page A-8, Image 8

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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A-8
tTHE EVENING STAR
With Umatmy Mining Edition.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
MONDAY September 8, 1030
THEODORS W. NOYES Editor
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Unemployment Insurance.
Ons day last week Gov. Franklin D.
Roosevelt of New York addressed the
dalegates of the New York State Fed
eration of Labor, assembled at Buffalo
In attendance upon the annual con
vention of that body. He chose for
his principal topic compulsory insur
ance of labor against unemployment by
the State. The day following the
State federation adopted a resolution
favoring such a system. This gave
headway to a movement to align the
American Federation of Labor in fa
vor of the system, when that body
meets in annual convention at Boston
October 6. It is expected that this will
be the most Important topic on the
federation’s convention agenda and
there will be much campaigning during
the next four weeks for and against the
proposal.
Yesterday William Green, president
of the American Federation of Labor,
In a statement issued by him from At
lantic City, criticized the movement for
compulsory unemployment insurance
M one that would fasten the dole sys
tem upon American labor and indus
try. He said:
If the dole system is ever established
the employers will be to blame, because
they will have failed to deal with un
employment in a systematic, scientific
end constructive way by regularizing
and stabilizing employment.
We believe in the shorter work day
and the shorter week. In a period of
unavoidable depression—the cvclical
depression so called—instead of dis
charging men wholesale as has been the
practice arrangements should be made
for the division of work so that all will
be given an equal share of what work
there may be.
The American workman resents the
idea of being compelled to make a fixed
contribution to a fund. In this respect
ha la different from the European work- 1
logman. He is. however, willing to
develop a system of voluntary pay
ments worked out by Joint agreement '
with employers. He resents being told 1
what he must do.
Upon this basis President Green will 1
oppose the resolution that will be in
troduced at Boston, probably by the
New York delegation. It is likely that
ha will win and if he does not effect
defeat of the resolution he will cause
Its reference to a committee for study,
which will mean Its postponement for
at least a year. Mr. Green’s high pres
tige with his organization, his clear
view of economic conditions and, in
this instance his reasoning, will in all
likelihood lead to this result.
The British dole system has not
worked well for either the state or
labor. It has been enormously costly.
It has yielded the unemployed the
merest pittance for subsistence, and it
has undoubtedly led to chronic idle
ness on the part of a great number.
It has brought about a condition of
Industrial Inertia from which Great
Britain will have a hard time in re
covery.
No such condition confronts the
American workingman today as that
which led to the adoption of the dole
in Great Britain shortly after the war.
The crisis here has been acute, but
from the outset was certain to pass
quickly. The crisis there was acute,
but almost systematic. Recovery could
not possibly come within a decade. Re
covery here is already evident.
Unemployment Insurance, however
devised or supported, is in the line of
American economic development. Had
there been some system of division of
labor and sharing of wages during the
time of Industrial and commercial
slackness following the Stock Exchange
collapse of last Autumn, much suffer
ing would have been prevented and
probably the recovery toward economic
balance would have been more rapid.
This subject is easily the most im
portant one that now confronts both
business and labor In America, and It
Should not be decided In any degree
er by any of the participating factors
with snap Judgment.
It might be easier to arrange trade
with Russia if Sovietlsts would guar
antee to be content to traffic in tangible
commodities and not seek to make a
gratuitous distribution of political the
ories.
No one can express his views to the
people as well as the President. This
is one function that cannot be dele
gated to deputies, however efficient.
Billy Harper's Pnp.
When William Harper, aged fourteen,
yesterday offered Capt. Dieudonne Coste
a bull terrier puppy as a mascot in
token of his admiration for the great
French flyer he was paying the highest
compliment. And it was in no wise a
lessening of the compliment that Capt.
Coste was compelled by circumstances
to decline the gift. Probably in other
conditions —in France especially —he
would have been delighted to take
the offering. But just at present a
bull terrier pup would have been a re
sponsibility to the French ace which
, he could not assume without cramping
his flying style.
The cockpit of an airplane is no place
for a lively dog of tender years. Dogs
have flown and have behaved them
selves admirably aloft, but to be a com
panion of comfort a dog must have
experience, and when a flyer is thou
sands of miles from home and is about
to start upon an aerial round of Amer
ica he has no time or opportunity to
train a canine youngster in flying ways.
There have been numerous frendshlps
Ratween aviators and dot*. JUn-Tin-
Tin, the great movie actor, was brought
up, so to speak, by an American airman
on the French front. Admiral Byrd has
a dog which shared his adventures,
l though he was not taken on the flight
to the South Pole. John Henry Mears,
who recently essayed to make a flight
to Europe from this country, had a dog
named Tailwind that was in the plane
when it crashed on the take-off,
promptly disappearing, only to be found
later In a thoroughly frightened con
dition.
Even though his gift was rejected,
Master Harper of Washington has the
satisfaction of knowing that in more
favorable circumstances it would have
been accepted with joy. In after years,
when the pup has become a staid adult,
he will represent a highly commenda
ble emotional reaction on the part of
his owner. It is to be hoped that they
will remain pals for many years to j
come.
“As Maine Goes ”
The Council for Research In the 8o- !
rial Sciences of Columbia University j
has investigated "off-year” elections in I
Maine and has come to the conclusion !
that there is very little truth in the !
old saying that "as Maine goes so goes 1
the Nation.” Maine is holding its
election today, clinging as it does to
the September date for State and con
gressional elections, while the rest of
the country waits until November. The
Republicans, unless all signs fail, are
to win. That is nothing unusual in
Maine. If the Democrats should win
in the Pine Tree State today, their vic
tory might well be Interpreted as the
forerunner of a Democratic national
landslide in November. It would be
comparable to a Republican victory all
along the line in North Carolina. So
a Republican victory in Maine today
will not necessarily mean a great deal.
But if the Republicans roll up a ma
jority that is comparable to other off
year victories in that State, the G. O. P.
will be mightily heartened. And cour
age is what they need to tackle the
campaign in some of the other States
this year.
The Council of Research of Columbia
University, it appears, has been mak
ing a study of "methods used in gaug
ing political sentiment In the United
States,” which is just another way of
saying "political prophecy” in which
newspapers, magazines and, above all,
the politicians themselves indulge. The
inquiry Into the old claim that Maine
elections in an off-year, or in any year,
can be considered a reliable barometer
of political sentiment throughout the
country is part of tlje broader study.
The council has looked into Maine
elections from 1874 to 1928, a matter of
fifty-two years, and finds that in the off
year elections, when there is no presi
dential contest, there Is “very little re
lationship between Republican strength
registered at the Maine ballot box in
September and the ability of the Re
publican party to gather votes through
out the Nation in November.” This
should be encouraging to the Demo
crats if Maine runs true to form in to
day’s election and elects a Republican
Governor, a Republican Senator and
Republican members of the House.
The council omitted from its calcula
tions the elections in Maine in 1914,
1890 and 1878, because In those years
the situation was complicated by strong
third-party movements. Sticking to the
so-called normal years, It was found
that the results in Maine, as compared
to the entire country, were in error
from one to eighty-nine seats, or an
average of about twenty seats per elec
tion. This is for off-year elections. In
presidential years the Maine results
have as a rule been more nearly a real
indication of how the rest of the coun
try would go. •
A better rule, according to the coun
cil of research, to estimate what is go
ing to happen in the congressional
elections thls'year is merely to study
what has happened in off-year elec
tions, no matter which party has been
in power.
* "The habit of the American electo
rate to deflate administration strength
in the House of Representatives in off
year elections,” is the way the council
describes this political phenomenon.
In other words, the American people
almost invariably "take a crack” at:
the administration in power after two :
years of its administration. Sometimes
this is a mild rebuke, as in 1926, when !
the Republicans lost only nine seatsj
after the first two years of the term j
of office to which Mr. Coolidge was
elected. Four years earlier, however,
when Harding was President, the Re
publicans lost seventy-seven seats in
the congressional election and had theirj
majority reduced to a mere handful;
of votes. In 1918 the Democrats lost l
control of both the House and Senate, '
half way through President Wilson’s
second term of office.
This "deflation rule” for off-year
elections, the council points out, would
mean a loss of twenty-seven House
seats to the Republicans. As the Re
publicans have approximately a ma
jority of one hundred in the present
House, such a loss would be far from
giving the Democrats control of the
next House of Representatives. But
even this deflation rule has in the past
been shown to be in error from two to
sixty-five seats. It appears from this
study that rule of thumb methods of |
estimating the probable outcome of:
elections in this country are not very
satisfactory. Political prophets this year
will have to be guided by a real study
of conditions in the country.
In the course of time it becomes clear
that people who once seemed remote
are distant by only a 6hort airplane
flight and entitled to help and sympa
thy as near neighbors.
A Betrayal of Trust.
An escape from Sing Sing prison has
just taken place that will cause dis
couragement to those who hold that
prisoners shou.d be treated with leniency
and consideration. A man named Mitch- !
ell, an aviator, reached that place of de- j
I tention in January, 1928, having been
convicted of passing worthless checks
vyhile flying about the country and ,
given a sentence of seven years. In j
view of the character of his offense, ■
and likewise in consideration of a cer- J
tain prestige which he had gained as
a flyer, he was put on the "trusty”
basis and given work in the prison as
a mechanic. One of his duties was to
keep in repair an electric pump situ
ated a few yards beyond the prison
wall. Every evening he went outside to
oil the pump. Saturday night, as usual,
fHE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C„ MON LAY. SEPTEMBER 8. 1930.
t he was passed out of the seldom-used
1 south gate by the keeper In charge, who
1 did not notice that Mitchell failed to
• return. Half an hour after he had
; gone through the gate a check-up of
prisoners revealed Mitchell’s absence
: and an alarm was given. Then the
I gatekeeper bethought himself of his
■ own motor car. which he had parked
just outside of the gate, around a corner.
1 It was found to be missing and Mitchell
was suspected of having taken it. prob
ably a justified assumption. He had
half an hour's start in a car, a clever
| getaway.
This man had served more than a
quarter of his term in prison, with re
gard for the good behavior allowance.
He was the only man in Sing Sing who
I was permitted to go outside of the walls
| unaccompanied. Greater trust could
I not have been bestowed upon him. He
could not withstand the temptation to
slip away and for this escape he will
pay dearly when caught, as he probably
will be. Meanwhile, his betrayal of
trust reacts unfavorably upon the other
Inmates of the Institution.
I There are. of course, many cases of
, trust reposed in prisoners without be
| trayal. Every penal institution has in
: stances of men of desperately bad rec
ords comporting themselves with per
fect obedience to discipline and with
the most scrupulous regard for confi
dence placed in them. But rarely are
they given freedom from restraint or
attention. This case shows that it is
unsafe to put confidence in any pris
oner who is permitted to pass, for even
a brief period, beyond the range of con
finement observation.
Siberian prisoners learned only the
other day that the war is over. They
trudged wearily home to tell their neigh
bora in Silesia how incomprehensibly
foolish In some of its details war
can be.
As a citizen the former German Kaiser I
wins a libel suit. He would have had
less chance of doing so as an imperial
authority. There la, after all, a certain
advantage In being one of the plain
people.
- » ——
Ordinarily the disturbances in Argen
tina w’ould be designated as a riot.
Its political consequences entitle It to
be regarded as a revolution.
The Mexican government would like
to take charge of the churches. Older
and wiser nations have found it hard to
arbitrate between the rival assump
tions of authority by politics and reli
gion.
SHOOTING STARS.
u
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.
One-Sided Promising.
"I shall not promise to ‘obey,’"
A gentle bride was heard to say.
"If I should feel inclined to roam
I shall not promise to be home—
But to be home you must agree.
Oh, Promise Me! Oh, Promise Mel
"The bargain,” said the gentle bride,
"Is now completely on my side.
I shall not promise to avoid
A shot at you, if I’m annoyed.
But kind and courteous you must be.
Oh, Promise Me! Oh, Promise Me!
“IH not be hindered, should I dare
To smoke or drink or even swear.
You must have loyalty Immense
Unto away of innocence.
And not engage In careless glee—
Oh, Promise Me! Oh, Promise Me!”
Longing for Romance,
"What would you do If you found a
detective on your trail?”
“I’d try to comer him,” answered
Senator Sorghum, “and see if he couldn’t
disclose some facts about my hard
working life that are really Interesting
and picturesque."
Jud Tunkins says you can boil most
of what they write about “political
economy” into the one word, ‘Taxes.’ ”
Invoking the Ballot.
We’re called upon once more to vote
In primaries. And then we note
After that ceremony’s o’er
We must get out and vote some more.
And after some few years have past
If we are not well pleased at last
, We will not helplessly complain.
We’ll just get out and vote again!
Unspecialization.
"People should be expert in their
own lines of business.”
“It can't be arranged,” answered
Farmer Corntossel. "Farmers are called
on to know all about finance and finan
ciers are supposed to know all about
j farming.”
"He who has no sorrow,” said Hi Ho,
the sage of Chinatown, "has found
! some way to exist without usefulness
or sympathy.”
Successive Requirements.
Even when Old Man Winter’s here
The climate will seem cruel.
The wish for ice will disappear.
We ll be discussing fuel.
"We all wants to go to Heaven,” said
Uncle Eben. "So you might as well for
give yoh enemies. Some of ’em is liable
to be dar right ’longside o’ you.”
i ~, |
He Found Out.
From the Toledo Blade.
To Zaro Agha, middle age was prob
ably that period in life when he be
gan to wonder what the next 78 years
would be like.
Hope She Doesn't Have To.
I From the Rutland Herald.
The New Jersey teacher who died re
cently at 101 had probably reached the
point where she couldn’t stand deal
ing with "those little devils” any longer.
Industry Rewarded.
From the Cleveland News.
Thief who wrecked the corner stone
of a church in Syracuse, N. Y., to steal
$25 from it must have been more will
ing to work than most crooks.
Which Is That?
| From the Detroit Free Press.
If Detroit is the dryest city in the
country, we would not care to try to
swTm through the wettest one.
Next to Meanest Thief.
, From the Piltsburth Post-Gazette.
| The Massachusetts thief who stole the
wheels from a perambulator came as
: clove as possible to taking candy from
a baby.
Instead of Worms.
From the Altoona Mirror.
An angler, declares the office philoso
pher, Is just a fisherman putting on
i ” -
THIS AND THAT
i .
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.
A rather serious, earnest man, very
well known to many Washingtonians.
I he succeeds in astonishing those who
. do not know him very well by his
I preference in radio music.
He likes to listen to dance orchestras
best of all. He never calls them “Jazz.”
I Most of his friends know his tastes
• and understand the reasons for them,
but to acquaintances his liking for the
rum-tum-tum-tum music seems some
what queer.
"Why. I thought he would listen only
to symphony orchestras!” said one.
"Or high-brow music.”
1 "Or great songs by the old masters.”
** * a
This radio listener has a genuine
taste for all of those, but when It comes
to his real prefere -he likes first, last
and all the time the rocking cadences
of the fox-trot.
He finds in this music, as no doubt
hundreds of thousands of persons do,
an exhilarating something or other
which at the same time is soothing.
There is a combination! Exhilaration
which soothes, lullaby effect with
trimmings of deepest "blues.”
This music lover brought himself up.
as it were, on popular music in his
youth, and has never found It necessary
to apologize for it.
As he grew older he took up, nat
urally enough, the better comic operas,
the best of the grand variety, the songs
of the great German composers, the
symphonies of Beethoven.
He grew to know and love them all.
With him all music that was good was
good. It is a stranre fact that many
music lovers "educate” themselves away
from much that is good.
Becoming enamored of some one
branch of the art, they tend to forget
and finally to sneer at another. No
real musician does, of course, but, alas,
there are thousands of good performers
who are not musicians at heart!
They are but mechanics, laboriously
plowing through the soul dreams of the
masters. Often they plow with great
success and fool thousands of musically
uneducated persons Into thinking them
great.
** * *
Our friend who likes dance music the
best of all is a thoroughgoing radio
"fan.” He had a crystal set away back
in 1923. He once “got” Lloyd George
on it from pioneer Station KDKA, at
Pittsburgh.
The famous Democratic convention
which nominated Jawn W. Davis liter
ally broke down his crystal set. It was
never any good afterward.
He then purchased a series of radios,
ranging from one-tube affairs to his
latest, an eight-tube, which now mainly
supplies him with dance music, to which
he listens with his accustomed solemnity.
Speeches, including those of an
nouncers, he abhors. His perfect broad
casting stations would be one totally
without announcers, an ideal which he
yet believes he will live to hear.
Already, he says, signs point to the
coming of this type or station. There
is one now which broadcasts good pho
nograph music with a minimum of in
terruption. Some day, he believes, a
station will be on the air which will
broadcast hour after hour nothing but
perfect music.
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
They are voting In Maine today for
United States Senator and National
Representatives, and one party or the
other, notwithstanding the proved un
dependablllty of the maxim, “As Maine
goes, so goes the Nation,” will hall the
outcome as a demonstration of what
may be expected In November. Claude
E. Robinson. Columbia University In
vestigator, after statistical studies of
Maine’s voting from 1874 to 1926, an
nounces that the off-year elections in
that State do not offer much of a guide
to congressional elections for the coun
try at large. "There is very little re
lationship,” he says, “between Republi
can strength registered at the Maine
ballot box in September and the ability
of the Republican party to gather votes
throughout the Nation in November.”
His compilation shows errors of an
average of 20 seats to an election in
predictions based on the popular ba
rometer,
** * *
Commenting that the party of the
President always loses seats in the House
in the elections following an inaugura
tion, Mr. Robinson says the habit of
the American electorate to deflate ad
ministration strength in off years per
mits the formulation of a forecasting
rule more accurate than the Maine
maxim. “If the party that carries the
presidency wins at the same time, less
than 65 per cent of the seats in the
House, or more than 65 per cent, it
will lose one-fourth of its Congressmen
at the off-year election, while if the
party of the President carries more than
55 per cent of the House, but less than
65 per cent, it will lose one-tenth of
its Congressmen.” Application of this
deflation rule to the 1930 elections would
forecast a Republican loss in November
of 27 House seats, which happens to
be Just one-half the number that the
Democrats must win to gain control.
** * *
Two speeches of President Hoover, re
vised for special publication, will be
published in book form this Pall by
the Huntington Preas. The slim vol
ume, containing fewer than 50 pages,
will bear the title "A Remedy for Dis
appearing Oame Pishes,” which is the
title of the first speech therein, one Mr.
Hoover delivered when he became pres
ident of the Izaak Walton League of
America. The other speech, “An Ad
dress to the People of Virginia,” is an
expression of the President’s sentiment
for his Summer camp on the Rapldan.
Pishing is more than the "king of
healthy recreations,” the President says;
it Is the ideal sport for a democracy,
because “all men are equal before
fishes.”
** * *
Wilbur F. Wakeman, who is even
more widely known as a tariff expert
than Joseph R. Grundy, has been des
ignated for the Republican nomination
for Congress in the eleventh New York
district, which is made up of Staten
Island and the office building part of
Manhattan. As secretary of the Amer
ican Protective Tariff League and edi
torial direction of the American Eco
nomist, Wakeman, for nearly 40 years,
hss been a familiar figure to political
Washington. He is reputed to have had
as large a hand in the writing of the
McKinley, Dingley and Payne-Aldrich
tariff bills as Senator Grundy is alleged
by the Democrats to have had in the
writing of the new' Hawley-Smoot revi
sion measure.
** * *
Senator Wheeler’s reaffirmation of his
view that the United States ought to
recognize Soviet Russia carried a fa
miliar ring, but S. Stanwood Menken,
chairman of the National Security
League, struck an entirely new chord
for him when he announced, “I now
definitely favor recognition.” He and
•his organization were on the other side
of the question. “I was bitterly opposed
to recognition, but now I believe we
should take the step,” Menken said on
his return from Europe, adding he was
as much opposed to Communism as he
was before. A third returning passenger
on the Leviathan, Senator Alben W.
Barkley of Kentucky, had not “com
pletely” made up his mind about Russia.
** * *
A falling off in the number of first
grade school enrollments this September
Is reported by the Office of Education,
Department of the Interior. At the
same time the number of students in
institutions of higher education is
growing all the time. A constantly de
clining national birth rate is held re
sponsible for the falling off in the
enrollment In the early grades. Chil
dren starting to school this Pall were
born 5 or 6 years ago when the birth
rate was reflecting the effects of activi
ties of the war period. Steady decline
of the birth rate In If years, fran 26.6
Then those who become tired of
“speeches” will be able to turn at will
i to music, the basis of broadcasting, the
i real reason for its existence, after all.
** * *
Our friend analyzes his fondness for
dance music this way:
Modern dance orchestras play in the
main but two tempos—4-4, called com
mon time, and 3-4, or waltz time.
Occasionally they use the classic 2-4,
or march time, and the 9-8, or what
ever-it-is, of the tango, whose languor
out, swaying rhythm fascinates some
and oppresses othe.i.
In the main, however, the vast bulk
of popular music played by dance or
chestras, vulgarl. known as “jazz
bands.” comes In common time.
It is not for nothing perhaps that
the fundamental beat of four quarter
notes to a measure is known as
, “common.”
It is common, not in the sense of
cheap, but solely In that it Is universal.
When a savage in the jungle thumps
on his drum he does it in 4-4 time.
When the Indians beat out their
tribal dance? they do It In common
time.
Most folk songs are in common time.
Perhaps the only exception to this is
the Hawaiian, and it must be remem
bered that these peoples got their music
from other peoples.
The majority of the hymns and most
of the Negro spirituals are in 4-4, or
common time.
And the fox-trot.
♦* * *
He heard an arrangement of Offen
bach’s glorious “Barcarolle” done- by
some one who kept the spirit of the
proper 6-8 time in the 4-4 in which it
was played. Similar transcriptions have
been sacrilege, but this one was art.
So, It must be insisted, are all popu
lar songs which are produced and played
properly. Not great art, of course, but
art In their way. Dvorak recognized
this a long time ago.
Our listener (no necessity for “in”)
recently heard a chamber music quartet
by the great Bohemian composer, in
the course of which most of the modem
quirks of "ragtime” and "the blues”
were exploited. And the quartet was
composed about 1890.
The popular tunes played by the
dance orchestras often enough are true
art, simple in pattern, consistent. Their
Invention is the 2 plus 2 of musical
mathematics, it is true, but no less
pleasing for that.
Just as all mathematics cannot ’ s
calculus, so all music cannot be sym
phony, oratorio, grand opera. The
lighter moments have their place. In
modem music the dance orchestras have
usurped the place once held by the
small general orchestra.
They play day and night everywhere.
They are more übir uitous than the Ital
ian trios which once came around on
Summer nights, or the German bands
which delighted t’ j ears of our fore
fathers.
The dance orchestras which come Into
our very homes by means of radio set
our feet thumping, our hearts to beat
lng faster, our minds to functioning
™ ay I ? ave , a "leaking no
tion that the "music of th® spheres” is
in common time, too.
<» 10 7 19aa * »»*«• doubt
ful if the number of school-age chil
dren Is Increasing materially from year
to year.
** * ♦
frontier forefathers knew
the habits of birds, fishes and animals,
these provlded them wlth food ln
addition to recreation and sport. They
have passed away, and trained men
must be selected to take their places,"
Senator Harry B. Hawes wrote to the
founders of “More Game Birds ln
Affienca” in accepting the presidency
of that foundation. “Our vigorous peo
ple, settling a new land of plenty, have
denuded our forests, diverted our rivers,
drained the moist areas and so changed
natural conditions that conservation of
our wild life demands systematic, sci
entific replacements.” His book, “My
Friend, the Black Bass,” is responsible
for the shift by which the Senator from
Missouri will forsake politics and devote
his tremendous energy to the preserva
tion of wild life. Prior to its publica
tion he had written “The Dog.” which
has been translated into several lan
guages, and “Big Outdoors.”
(Copyright, 1930.)
Canadian Praises
Monroe Doctrine
From the San Francisco Chronicle.
Americans are pleased to be reminded
by a Canadian that the Monroe Doctrine
Is a great Instrument of peace. Misin
formation and misunderstandings have
occurred at times to make some of the
nations on this continent, beneficiaries
under the Monroe Doctrine, view it with
suspicion. That Canada, the country
least likely to be in need of the protec
tion afforded by the Monroe Doctrine,
is alive to the benefits accruing from it
is a source of satisfaction on this side
of the border.
The subject is brought to mind by
an address which Dean Percy Elwood
Corbett of McGill University Law School
recently made at the University of
Chicago. Commenting on Canada’s
strong sense of security which permits
the national energies to be devoted so
largely to organizing peace, Dean Corbett
said:
“Somewhat unwillingly I have come
At last to the conclusion that the great
strength of the United States and the
likelihood of their preventing encroach
ments from outside have something to
do with our state of mind and our
refusal to arm.”
In Dean Corbett's words, doubtless
expressing the subconscious opinion of
the people of the Dominion, Is the im
plied compliment of perfect confidence
in the good faith of the United States.
While this confidence has been strength
ened by the years of cordial understand
ing, it rests on a historic base.
In the troublous times that brought
forth the Monroe Doctrine, Great
Britain adopted the view of the United
States against the Holy Alliance which
proposed the coercion of South Amer
ican countries then in revolt against
Spain. True, the British were moved
by the danger to their own large in
terests in this hemisphere. But President
Monroe did not pretend to altogether
altruistic motives. The doctrine he pro
claimed was intended to prevent the
gTowth of European military powers
close to our borders which might be
dangerous to us.
But. idealistic or selfish, the Monroe
Doctrine has been a strong cement of
the friendship between the United
States and Canada. As late as the early
years of the World War, before this
country got into the conflict, our Gov
ernment made plain its feeling that in
any event we held Canada immune to„
conquest. That reiteration was like the 3
first enunciation of the Monroe Doctrine,
merely a principle of our own national
security.
Canada's appreciation that the Mon- !
roe Doctrine is neither menacing nor
patronizing to the other nations on this
side of the world has been one of the
factors in the unwavering friendship
between the Dominion and the United
States. Dean Corbett does a service to
both countries in calling to mind the
value of the Monroe Doctrine in pro
moting peace with our national neigh
bors.
Umbrella Menders Out of a Job.
From the Milwaukee Sentinel.
This has been a very poor season, we
are Informed, for umbrella menders.
Notable Endurance Record.
Prom the Hartford Daily Time*.
One endurance plane came down aft
er 12 hours. It deserves mention for
laieg ao
IThe Political Milll
By G. Gould Lincoln.
A strange state of affairs exists in
Nebraska. Many Nebraska Republicans
would prefer to see the nominee of the
Democratic party, former Senator Gil
bert M. Hitchcock, elected to the Senate
in November, and at the same time
many Democrats are going to back
Senator George Norris, the Republican
nominee, who is seeking to succeed him
self. The Republicans in Nebraska who
prefer Mr. Hitchcock to Mr. Norris
belong to the regular wing of the party,
the wing which resented strongly Sena
tor Norris’ desertion of the Republican
national ticket in 1928 and which has
viewed his attacks on the Hoover ad
ministration during the last eighteen
months with disfavor. They say they
would rather have an out-and-out
Democrat in the Senate than to have
a Democrat who calls himself a Re
publican.
But there are many Democrats who
like Senator Norris and all his works,
particularly his attacks on the Hoover
administration. They would like to see
him re-elected, and the probabilities
are they will vote for him, thus off
setting in large part the defection from
the Norris standard of the regular
Republicans.
♦* * *
Senator Hitchcock is highly regarded
by the Democrats of his State and by
many of the Republicans, too. He ap
pears. however, to be in this Senate
race this year not out of any great de
sire to return to the Senate, which he
left soon after the World War, but
rather to keep the Democratic party
alive in the State for future activity.
When the time rolled around for Dem
ocrats to announce themselves as can
didates for the senatorial nomination
against Senator Norris, the prospective
candidates were as scarce as Repub
licans In Mississippi. Dr. Jennie Cal
fas, however, who has been prominent
in politics and who bolted the A1
Smith ticket in 1928 and is an ardent
dry, announced she would be a can
didate for the Democratic nomination.
This was just too much for the veteran
Senator Hitchcock. After trying to
pursuade a number of other Democrats
to enter the race against Dr. Calfas,
the former Senator took on the job
himself. In the primary he defeated
Dr. Calfas, as he was expected to do.
Having accomplished her elimination,
Senator Hitchcock is reported to be
somewhat indifferent to the outcome of
the race for the Senate itself. He him
self Insists, however, that he will make
a real campaign. He is perfectly will
ing to go again to the Senate and rep
resent the people of Nebraska if they
desire him to do so. According to re
ports received here, however, he does
not Intend to attack Senator Norris,
whom he admires and whom he has
supported at times in his own news
paper, the Omaha World-Herald. Sen
ator Hitchcock will make three or four
speeches during the campaign and let
it go at that, it is said. He is 73 years
old and has not been in the most ro
bust health during the last year.
** * *
It 1s significant that the Democratic
leaders, who are bending every effort
this year to defeat Republican candi
dates for the Senate and the House and
who believe they will be successful in
a large degree, are not now counting
the Nebraska senatorship as even a
possibility in their lists of probable vic
tories. They figure Norris elected. And
many of them are by no means dis
satisfied with that outlook. They believe
that Senator Norris, as a Republican,
can do more for them in the Senate
with his attacks on the Hoover ad
ministration than could Senator Hitch
cock, for example, an announced Demo
crat. The Democratic leaders are look
ing to the West for aid in 1932. They
had Senator Norris with them in the '
presidential fight in 1928. They would
like to have him and many other pro
gressive Republicans and independents
of the West with them two years hence.
The regular Republicans, the dyed
in-the-wool drys and other voters who
resented Senator Norris’ support of A1
Smith, in 1928, if they flock to the polls
in great numbers and vote for Hitch
cock, can still give Mr. Norris con
siderable trouble. But will they do it?
It will be interesting, too, to see whether
the Democratic candidate, Mr. Hitch
cock, and his Democratic supporters are
able to retain their more or less friend
ly attitude toward Senator Norris, once
the heat of battle is on. Unexpected in
cidents have frequently been the cause
of political explosions during campaigns
of the past.
** * *
The Anti-Saloon League is bent on
keeping Its grip on the Republican
Sarty in Illinois, just as it was bent 'on
eeping a grip on the G. O. P. in New
York in 1926, preferring to see a Dem
ocratic Senator and a wet elected rather
than to suffer a Republican to win who
might vote wet. The league has given
its indorsement to Mrs. Lottie Holman
O’Neill, independent dry Republican
candidate for the Senate against Mrs.
Ruth Hanna McCormick, the Repub
lican nominee, who has announced she
will vote for the repeal or modification
of the eighteenth amendment and the
Volstead act if the voters of Illinois, in
a referendum to be held this Fall, de
clare for such repeal or modification.
Mrs. O’Neill's entry into the Senate
race may make it very difficult for Mrs.
McCormick to win against former Sen
ator James Hamilton Lewis, the wet
Democratic nominee.
The league leaders realize that there
is not the slightest chance of electing
Mrs. O’Neill to the Senate. But they
apparently prefer to see the wet Mr.
Lewis take a seat in the Senate rather
than Mrs. McCormick, who is regarded
by the league leaders as a betrayer of
the dry cause. Mrs. McCormick was
elected Representative at Large in Illi
nois in 1928, running as a dry. She
was nominated by the Republicans last
April for the Senate as a dry. The
league leaders say she has straddled
the wet and dry issue now merely be
cause she was afraid that the wets of
the Chicago Republican organization
would not support her if she main
tained her dry attitude. Back in 1926
the drys in New York pulled Just such a
‘ fast one” on former Senator James
W. Wadsworth, Republican, then a Sen
ator, who had declared for repeal of
the eighteenth amendment. They put
into the field a dry member of the
State Senate as an independent can
didate for the Senate. This candidate
polled about 300,000 votes, which might
ordinarily have gone for Wadsworth,
and Senator Wagner, the Democratic
candidate, was elected. The drys may
defeat Mrs. McCormick in the same
way and place Senator Lewis, a Demo
crat and a wet, in office. They are not
going to permit the Republican party
in Illinois to become wet if they can
help it.
Mrs. O’Neill was the first woman
elected to the Illinois State Legislature.
She has been active in politics for a
long time, and she and Mrs. McCor
mick have clashed several times in the
past. If many of the Deneen voters,
for example, should get behind Mrs.
O’Neill, downstate and in Chicago, it
is going to be a tough job for Mrs. Mc-
Cormick to win, especially in a year
when the Democratic chances are
blighter than they have been for some
time in the past.
** * *
I
i The recent disclosure of the pur- |
chase of judicial and other jobs in New '
York City Is not making it any easier
for Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt to win
re-election this Fall. It has been gen
erally conceded that the Democrats had
the upper hand in the Empire State,
with the Republican hosts disorganized
and fighting among themselves. But
the picture drawn of the sale of judge
ships in New York is likely to lose the
Democratic State ticket a considerable
vote in the city itself, perhaps 100,000
votes or more. If the Republicans can
agree on some kind of a wet-and-dry
formula for their platform and nom
inate a man who Is likely to receive the
support of the drys and wets, too, the
Democrats may have a real Job on their
hands re-electing Gov. Roosevelt. It Is
quite true, however, that the Tammany
leaders In New York will do their ut
moet to get out Uu vote for tbs Demo-
T ——■■!■■■■ —I 1 < ■■■■ I——
| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.
Any reader can get the answer to any
question by writing to our Information
Bureau in Washington, D. C. This
offer applies strictly to information.
The bureau cannot give advice on legal,
medical and financial matters. It does
not attempt to settle domestic troubles
or undertake exhaustive research on
any subject. Write your question plainly
and briefly. Give full name and ad
dress and inclose 2 cents In coin or
stamps for return postage. Th'- reply
is sent direct to the Inquirer. Address
The Evening Star Information Bureau,
Frederic J. Haskln, director, Washing
ton, D. C.
Q. How long would it take a person
to go from New York to Honolulu by
train and boat? —T. F.
A. A person may leave New York on
a Tuesday, board a steamer at San
Francisco on Saturday, and arrive in
Honolulu on the following Wednesday.
Q. Did Harry Atwood ever land on
the White House lawn? —D. A.
A. Harry Atwood, aviator, made a
skillful landing on the White House
lawn in the rear of the President’s resi
dence at about 2 o’clock on July 14,
1911.
Q. When was the Bank of England
founded?—H, E. M.
A. It was established in 1694 to
finance William and Mary.
Q. How wide is the boundary between
Canada and the United States? —T. N.
A. The boundary has no width. It
is merely a line between the termination
of the United States and the commence
ment of Canada.
Q. What is a “cirque”?—D. A. T.
A. It is a deep, steep-walled amphi
theatral recess In a mountain, gener
ally ascribed to glacial erosion.
Q. Which of the fingers 1s most sen
sitive?—W. B.
A. As the result of an experiment
dealing with the left hand, It has been
found that the Index Anger was most
sensitive. The middle finger and thumb
are next, being about the same; then
the little finger, and finally the ring
linger.
Q. Are black or white camels often
seen? —H. J. R.
A. Camels seem to be singular!.- free
from the color variations that affect so
many domesticated animals—melanism
and albinism. Black camels, presum
ably melantlcs, are rr -e. A breed called
Nubian camel is of a very light shade.
This seems to be a regular color strain,
however, and not a case of albinism.
Q. What is a "pro-cathedral”?—S. L.
A. An Episcopal church taken over
by a bishop and used as his chief
church when there is no cathedral in
his residential city is called a pro
cathedral.
Q. Why is it that a United States
flag is placed at the stern of a ship?—
M. O. F.
A. The origin of the custom is ob
scure. Several theories have been ad
vanced, one of the most substantial be
ing that in the case of old s ling ves
sels the flag was flown over the cap
tain’s quarters, which are aft on board
ship. v
Q. Is it true that most of the paint
ings that are considered the world’s
greatest have religious subjects?—R. P.
A. Many of them do treat of events.
recorded In the Bible.
Q. Who were the two British soldiers
End of Power for Fergusons
Read in Primary Overthrow
Texas, the rest of the South and the
country '•» general all seem improved
by the defeat of Mrs. Miriam Ferguson
for the Democratic nomination for the
governorship in the Lone Star State.
Many predict that there will be no
future return to power for the defeated
candidate and her husband. The latter
is assumed to engage In political activi
ties through his wife’s campaigns be
cause of his own Ineligibility as a result
of impeachment.
The wealth of Ross Sterling, the nom
inee, was made an issue in the contest,
but the Houston Chronicle says: “Mr.
Sterling is a far better friend of the
poor than Jim Ferguson. He has known
more poverty and more toil. He has
had fewer years of wealth. He lives in
no more luxury today than his oppo
nent. He has befriended the outcast
and the underprivileged. He has riven
to every charity movement, to organiza
tions serving the boys and girls of the
State, to relief of stricken people in all
parts of the world. He has given em
ployment-good employment—to thou
sands, and has n'-ver faced employe
complaint.”
“Jim Ferguson is about the last of a
vanishing race,” in the opinion of the
Memphis Commercial Appeal. "Ross
Sterling represents the type of public
official that is coming more and more
to the front. If he succeeds in carry
ing out his pledges, more men of busi
ness will enter politics.” The San
Antoni» Express believes that the nomi
nation of Ross Sterling was “demanded
for the very protection of the citizens’
vital interest.” The Oklahoma City
Oklahomar declares that “Texas has
done well, and Texas will be eminently
fortunate if she has seen the last of
this composite of the demagogic and
theatrical known as Fergusonism.”
“The people of Texas,” thinks the
New Orleans Times-Picayune, “evidently
had, confidence in Mr. Sterling, and
quite as evidently were tired of the mud
throwing and continual strife and tur
moil which have constituted ‘Pa’ Fer
guson’s political stock in trade. Viev d
from this distance, the Sterling victory
looms up as a triumph of political de
cency and sanity.” The Chattanooga
Times holds that “what is more grati
fying to the South than all else is the
manner in which Texas renounced Jim
Ferguson’s policies.”
** * *
"The fact that Mrs. Ferguson released
6.000 convicts during her term as Gov
ernor,” suggests the Buffalo Evening
News, "probably counted strongly against
her. But it always should be counted
to her credit that she scotched the Klan
in Texas. Also Mrs. Ferguson will be
remembered as the first woman elected
Governor of an American State.” The
Charlotte Observer states that Mr.
Sterling "got in on a promise of a
‘business administration’ and to reduce
‘Ma’ Ferguson's record of paroles and
pardons.”
"Mr. Sterling's strong appeal,” states |
the Atlanta Journal, “lay evidently in!
his character, which is a product, or i
rather a type, of the best history, the
best thought and achievement of the
cratic candidate for Governor. They
would not look with equanimity on the
election of a Republican Governor who,
in conjuction with a Republican Legts-
I lature, might bring about an investiga-
I tion of conditions in the greater city
I from the very bottom up.
** * *
Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana,
who Intimated in a speech at the State
Democratic convention that he might
voluntarily retire from the Senate at
the conclusion of a fourth term—the
term he Is seeking at the polls this
Fall —does not give the impression that
he Is In need of retirement, even at the
close of the next six years. There Is
no harder worker In the Senate nor
any Senator who seems to relish hts
work more than does Senator Walsh.
Retirement to a life of Inaction does
not seem to fit in the picture of Wal<h
of Montana, although at the close of
another term of office he would be 77
years old. Senator Walsh is faced with
a real contest for re-election this year.
His opponent, Judge Albert J. Oalen
of the State Supreme Court, is an able
and is papular.
who arc buried near Concord Bridge?—
C. A.
A. The memorial near this bridge Is
erected to two unknown British sr'dlers
who fell in the first skirmish of the
Revolutionary War and were burled by
the side of the road. These w-ere the
first Britons that England sacrificed in
her attempt to retain her colonies.
Q. What metal is most useful to
man?—L. G. H.
A. Iron is considered the most use
ful on account of its great strength,
durability and malleability.
Q. What can be cone to keep bureau
drawers from sticking?—P. M.
A. Rubbing a little floor wax or soap
on the points of contact will help.
Q. What is the difference betweeh
melodies and harmonies?—l. H.
A. Melodies are Produced by notes in
succession, harmonies by notes in com
bination.
Q. How bright is moonlight?—D. T.
A. The total brightness of the moon
is reckoned as equal to a 100-candle
power lamp at a distance of 22 yards.
Q. What is the fraternal order of
Gideons?—A. C. H.
A. The organization known as the
Sons of Gideon was organized July 1,
1899. Its declared purpose was “to band
together the Christian travelers of
America and through them to win the
commercial travelers of America for
the glory of God: to supply every hotel
in America with a Bible for each guest
room, and to prepare the hearts of trav
elers for salvation.”
Q. Where is President Hoover’s farm?
—J. G. F.
A. The farm of President Hoover is
situated in the San Joaquin Valley, Cali
fornia, and consists of 1,260 acres. Ia
the height of the season as many as
600 men are employed. It is co-opera
tive, President Hoover being the largest
stock owner.
Q. Are patents over granted for fur
niture?—B. W.
A. A great many patents have been
granted for furniture.
Q. What is an "omlthopter”?—■
F. B.
A. It is a form of aircraft heavier
than air, deriving its chief aupDort and
propelling force from flapping wings.
Q. Who developed the plan for the
City of Canberra, Australia?—E. R.
A. The architect who laid out the
ground plans for the capital city was
Walter Burley Griffin
Q. Should a child be taught by an
old teacher?—S. C.
A. Experience is more of a factor
J"* 11 *B* in the efficiency of a teacher.
Dr. Clyde R. Miller, director of educa
tional service at Teachers’ College, Co
lumbia University, is quoted as con
demning the practice of schools in en
gaglng the recent graduates of teachers’
training schools rather than teachers
with long experience. He stated in a
recent interview that one j ature
teacher, capable and experienced, who
can be hired for $3,000, is worth more
to a community than 10 young ones who
may be engagei" for SI,OOO each.
Q. Is Gabriele d’Annunzio a noble
man?—L. K.
A. D’Annunzio has the title Prince
of Monte Nevoeo.
. Q. How is the Scottish name "An
struther” pronounced?—M. N. O.
I A. Locally it is pronounced as if
spelled “Anster.”
great Southwest. His pioneering spirit,
his delight in deeds as against mere
words, his broad sympathies and his
whole-hearted democracy commend him
to his Commonwealth. The nomination
virtually assures his election to the
governorship, and his administration 1
will be watched with cordial Interest
far and wide.” The Baltimore Sun
comments: “Since women now have
, the ballot all over the Nation, it is
agreeable to note that a great State is
able to resist the emotional appeal of a
woman candidate whose one idea is to
serve a male member of her family who
cannot operate politically on his own.”
“The dismal errors of the Moody ad
ministration,” in the judgment of the
FOrt Worth Star-Telegram, “made it
possible for Jim Ferguson to come back
- ] and make a serious bid for supremacy.
, * * It is up to Mr. Sterling to com
plete the victory over Fergusonism, only
partially obtained at the polls, by giv
ing the State an administration which,
i< vT® Probity, harmony and accom
pusnment In the cause of good govern*
ment, will offer no cause for disap
pointed and disgusted voters to turn to
Fergusonism as r protest.”
** * *
"The run-off primary brought out the
greatest number of votes ever cast in a
Democratic contest in Texas,” says the
Roanoke World-News, observing that
Fe/ruson glibly offered to the
people of Texas ‘two Governors for the
price of one,’ ” and concluding: “Evi
dently the people of Texas, by 100,000
majority, prefer one Governor of the
Sterling type to two of the Ferguson
type. The Louisville Courier-Journal •
avers that, considering the result of
the first primary, "Texans have set a
magnificent example of the use of the
run-off primary.”
She might have made a picturesque
Governor," concedes the Scranton
Times, but that naper adds, "Vitupera
tion and abuse marked the campaign
of the Fergusons against their opponent
and they have learned that this method
is not always successful.” The Shreve
port Journal finds that “it Is the earnest
hope of a great majority of Texans that
the last has been heard- of the Fergu
sons ..i politics.” The Texarkana Ga
zette concludes: “Personalities in poli
tics and prejudices were dealt a severe
blow, Ferguson’s ‘prince and pauper’
slogan failing to put him in the execu
tive mansion. Prisoners in the peniten
tiary will stay there until they have
paid the penalties assessed against
them. Business principles will rule in
the handling of State affairs. Fergu
sonism is stamped out.”
“The Lone Star State's verdict was
a victory for intelligence." states the
Birmingham News. “Mrs. Ferguson
should never have been dragged away
from her preserve and jelly making to
draw chestnuts out of the fire for her
ambitious husband. All is well, how
ever, that ends v-'l. If the Fergusons
I will but brush up the old motto. God
! Bless Our Home,’ and keep their eyes
| firmly fixed upon it—recalling, of
course, that Texas voters did actually
vindicate 'Farmer Jim’ once upon a
time—Texas may come at last to re
member the Ferguson affliction as some
thing '•ne with forever.”
The Anniston Star believes that
“ ‘Fergusonism’ has been definitely
thrust out of Texas p litlcr by the
Democratic voters, and it is just as
well, for at bes* Ferguson control /a.
freakish and was no credit to Texas.”
The Charleston Evening Post avers that
“In politics anything may happen, and
in Texas politics it would seem that
everything does hanoen, but a second
return of the Fergusons to power is
probably to be the exception.” The
Lynchburg Advance asserts, “Although
the Fergusons still retain a firm grip
o a large part o. the electorate, the
victory of Sterling Indicates their power
is beginning to wane." The Lexington
Leader concludes, "The Fergusons may
now wake up to the fact that politicallv
the” are dead in Texas.”
Defining Optimists.
From the Little Roc:: Arkansas D-mocrat
As we understand the optimists,
prosperity will return when every man
who hasn't any money and no Job
starts buying things on credit that he
can t pap tan.