Evening star. [volume], July 26, 1931, Page 4, Image 20

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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4
THE HOME GARDENER "
Practical and Seasonal Hints for the Amateur for Beautifying Surroundings of the Home.
BY J. W. WELLINGTON.
THE DAY LILIES.
Borne years s*o Prof. B. Y- Morri
son of the Department of Apiculture
prepared a circular. No. 42. the |
growing and usefulness of the day lilies, i
Hemerocallls spp. These plants ;
deserve consideration because of their
beauty, hardiness and ease of culture.
Most of us are familiar with the day
llllea. even though unrecognized by
name, for clumps may be seen In many j
a farm yard all over the Northeast. I
Generally the color Is lemon yellow or j
reddish orange, but of recent years;
many new hybrids have been forth- |
coming from the plant breeder. These
varieties will undoubtedly greatly
the usefulness of the day lilies.
ProT. tA'orrlaon, In his paper, states
that by a selection of species and
varieties the season of blooming can be J
extended over nearly all the Summer i
months, even from late April to
September. Once established, the day
lilies are certain to thrive with a
minimum of care, being practically
free of pests and exceedingly adaptable
to soil variations. Thoae who may be
interested In this species should secure
a copy of the circular from the depart
ment.
CEDAR RUST.
' i
Apple trees grown In this locality are [
often subject to a serious foliage disease \
known as cedar rust, or sometimes as j
orange rust, which appears as orange
colored spots on the apple leaves, eaus- j
lng them to turn yellow and In severe
outbreaks practically defoliating the j
trees. An interesting and authoritative
account of this disease is presented In !
the Yearbook of the Department of
Agriculture. 1925. The fungus causing
this disease was native to the United
States and. strange to say, caused but
little Injury to cultivated apples until
the present century. Cedsx rust is now
a very serious trouble In regions where
the common red cedar grows. The life
cycle of the fungus requires two years
for completion. 20 months of which
are spent on the cedar and 4 on the
apple or wild crabs.
Without the presence of both hosts, j
th* fungus cannot survive, as It cannot
complete its life on either the cedar
or the spple alone. Hence the practical
treatment of eradicating the less valu
able host, the cedar. This method of
control has brought plenty of trouble
with it because home owners quite
naturally have objected to the removal
of fine ornamental trees. Yet It Is a
choice of two evils and the cedar, be
cause of Its lack of commercial value,
must suffer.
Home gardeners who possess orna
mental crab apples, such as Bechtel's
flowering crab, may have notiaed the
formation of rust colored spot* on the
leaves This is likely cedar rust and
may be traced to cedars within the
vicinity. Spraying the apple with
bordeaux mixture does some good but
cannot fully protect the tree* from
this pest.
THE CODLING MOTH.
Os all the insects that torment the
fruit grower, none is more persistent
and damaging than the codling moth,
the arch enemy of apples and pears.
Without spraying or dusting measures,
fully 90 per cent of the apples on a tree
may be worn ridden by this pest. In
Spring the codling worm enters the
apple through the blossom end before
the calyx closes. At this time of year
worms seem to prefer to enter through
the side of the fruit, especially where
two apples or pears come Into contact.
After entering the apple, the codling
worm feeds voraciously. especially
about the core and soon ruins the fruit.
Control Is rather difficult because of
the number of broods. Arsenate of
lead, either alone or combined with
lime sulphur mixture or Bordeaux mix
ture is an effective control medium. The
first aplicatlon should be made just
after the petals drop and before the
calyx lobes close. This is by far the
most important codling moth spray and ]
In home gardens is often the only es- j
fort made to control the pest. It Is
more difficult to time the other sprays !
and many of the States maintain a ;
spray service which notifies the grow- j
era when the later broods are hatch
ing. Later sprays bring the question |
of arsenical residue on the fruits and
some success has been had with oil
emulsions plus nicotine sulphate as a
substitute for the later lead arsenate
sprays. Considerable of the fruit that
is brought to local markets from nearby
farms shows lack of spraying for
codling moth.
PLANT BREEDING.
If one hapens to enjoy a Delicious
apple, a Bartlett pear or any other
choice variety of fruit, he seldom
thinks of the fact that these excellent
fruits represent the crystallization of
centuries of effort on the part of man
to improve his fruit plants. The
amount of work represented Is really
tremendous, since for each successful
effort there are tens of thousands of
failures. This latter fact Is brought out
in the fruit breeding work of the agri
cultural experiment stations where,
despite the use of scientific knowledge,
relatively few outstanding varieties j
have been brought forth. It Is an
interesting fact that many home
gardeners are Intensely interested in
the testing of new fruits developed by
the stations and by Individual breeders.
There Is always a chance of discover
ing something extra good among the
stew varieties.
Several local gardeners make a point
©f testing all the new grapes that they
can secure. One home gardener tests
out the new varieties sent out by the
New York Agricultural Experiment Sta
tion at Geneva and it is likely that
others reach out even further for ma
terial. The home gardener thus be
comes a distinct aid to the experimental
breeder by assisting in the selection of
varieties. As optimists, we can look for
ward to constant improvement* In our
fruits, and for that matter in our vege
tables and flowers. There is much room
for Improvement. Take the Dorothy
Perkins rose as an example. This Is a
most admirable variety, beautiful shell
pink In color, blooms late and Is a fine
grower, but, alas. Is highly ausceptible
to mildew. A plant breeder could very
■well eliminate the mildew susceptibility
and give us an Improved Dorothy Per
kins. The modern plant breeder, work
ing with a foundation of knowledge be
hind him, Is much more certain to
progress than were the pioneer breeders,
working wholly on the results of chance.
VEGETABLE GARDEN.
One vegetable that has done particu
larly well this year is Swiss chard, the
quality of which depends on rapid suc
culent growth. Chard Is a highly pro
ductive plant, since It may be cut again
Itfid again if only a few of the outer
leave* are removed at a time. Por
suburban gardeners with poultry, chard
• offers an excellent source of green food.
There are many vegetables that may
still be sown In the garden, namely,
early varieties of beans, beets, lettuce,
kale, cabbage and celery (plants). As
a matter of fact, one could develop a
very fair garden from now until heavy
frost.
In times of need the vegetable gar
den always becomes more popular than
the flower enterprise, and It Is safe to
assume that vegetables are receiving
serious attention In many quarters this
•year. Tool for foot, there are few
plants that can equal the white potato
plant In producing actual food. Sven
The garden above might appear highly promising If it were not for the
badly riddled appearance of the cabbage. The rows are exceptionally straight
and the intercropping shows careful planning. Dusting or spraying the cabbage
with arsenate of lead when the white butterflies were fluttering about would
have prevented much of the Injury. Pyrethrum powder may be used as the
heads approach maturity.
at this late date early varieties of pota
i to. such as Irish Cobbler and Triumph,
might be sown with fair expectations.
The turnip is another food plant of
large production capacity, still capable
of being planted this season.
The grower that failed to stake his
tomatoes this year certainly made a
mistake. Plants lying on the ground
are much more liable to lose fruit by
rotting and the foliage Is more
subject to disease. Furthermore, the
fruit is cleaner and more brightly col
ored on staked vines.
Probably some of the fertilizer dis
tributed In the vegetable garden a year
ago and not used by the plants because
of the drought has aided this year's
crops. The most valuable constituent,
the nitrogen, is least likely to have re
mained. because of its rapid leaching to I
lower depths.
As far as moisture goes, the paper
mulched garden has had no advantage
this Summer—that Is, up to this time— j
but. on the other hand, paper mulch
has had a good chance to show its
worth as a weed suppressor.
GLASS SHADING.
The horticulturist at the Missouri Bo
tanical Gardens, St. Louis, recommends |
the following mixture to cover the glass
of the greenhouse or cold frame In Mid- I
summer: Water, 3 gallons; cement. 6
pounds; whiting, 5 pounds, and pow
dered glue, one-half pound. When
sprayed onto the glass, this mixture
supplied a durable pure white coating
which, however, was fairly well removed
by rains and weather before full sun
light was needed again In late Autumn
A less durable cover was furnished by
one part of cement and three parts
of whiting mixed with water.
GARDEN NOTES.
Rains have been so frequent of late
| that It has been difficult to find an
' opportunity to cultivate the garden, i
i and as a result, the weed crop is un
usually good. However, garden plants
j are also growing well, so there Is no
immediate cause of worry, although it
j would be well to pull the weeds at the
first opportunity.
i Crape myrtle is coming into bloom,
and It is evident that plants differ
quite a bit in their season of flowering.
Most of the crape myrtles are appar
ently selected seedlings rather than
cutting*, a fact which explains the di
versity of color and performance. One
may obeerve also that the severely
pruned plants are making the best
show of color.
A* crops are removed from the vege
table garden their place may be filled
with late vegetables, such as celery,
beets, cabbage or. If the home gardener
wishes to Improve his soil for next year,
crimson clover may be seeded. In fact.
If one had sufficient space, It would be
good practice to devote half the garden •
Debt Holiday Held Palliative
(Continued From First Page.) |
i
greater interest in Europe's affairs than !
any administration since the end of the
World War. It has gone farther than
any one expected In showing Its willing
ness to help Europe solve her troubles;
It may be that it has gone about It in
the American way Instead of the Euro
pean manner, and this may be the rea
son why it has only partially succeeded;
that is to say. It began the good work
but has not been able yet to finish it
because It Invariably met in the last
stages of the various conferences it has
Initiated the same question:
“What are you going to do to insure
our aecurity?’' or “Can you get the
other side to agree to such and such !
political concession?”
In Europe when an individual makes I
a slanderous statement about another, i
Peru Liberated 110 Years Ago
(Continued Prom Third Page )
less than six millions, about that of
Belgium or Hungary, countries of much
smaller areas. Most of the inhabitants
live on the coast and in the valleys.
The population is composed of white
people of Spanish descent, of “mestizos”
(mixed white and Indian), of Indians
who are comparatively civilized and of
the uncivilized Indians, who live in the
far interior, down in the Amazon Val
ley. There also are some Negroes and
Orientals in the coast settlements. The
whites and mestizos dominate the life
of the nation, the Indians having as
yet no participation in the activities
of the country.
An outstanding characteristic of
Peruvian national life is the devotion
and care with which the people have
preserved their material and spiritual
inheritances from Spain, whose regime
ended more than a century ago. As
in no other of the Latin republics
which were once under Spanish rule.
Peru has kept Intact the character and
spirit of Spanish life. She carefully
cherishes the traditional atmosphere
and historical mementoes of the days
when the country was the famous
Vicaroyalty of Peru, land of advenutres
offering wealth and fame to the Span
ish nobles seeking their fortunes In
America. As in no other region the
cities of Peru still preserve their monu
THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 26, 19111- JAHT TWO.
area to cover crops, such as soy beans,
cow peas, crimson clover and Winter
rye each year. The home gardener
rarely has sufficient area for such a
rotation and should, therefore, fill In
with cover crops wherever opportunity
offers.
Rose mildew has been rarely more
prevalent, attacking varieties which
seldom suffer from this malady. Dust
ing with flowers of sulphur Is often
advised as a remedy for mildew; but even
this treatment Is not wholly satisfactory.
Perhaps the most sensible program Is
to gradually eliminate and replace the
highly susceptible varieties with those
of known resistance.
Frau Karl Drusckl, supposedly a
hybird perpetual rose, sends out a
scattering of blooms once In a while
; during the Summer, just enough to
make one recall the glorious beauty
of its Spring bloom.
Many roses lose their characteristic
i varietal color in Midsummer. Dark
red varieties take on a lighter shade
and some of the yellows assume reddish
I tinges. However, with the return
I Autumn, all the rich tints will be re
! stored.
Crab grass has crowded Itself Into
| many lawns and covered up the wounds
I left by last year's drought. Tire trouble
| is that the crab grass dies out in early
Autumn, again leaving bare spots. Blue
grass is the finest lawn grass of all.
For those who have to contend with
; poison ivy. farmers' bulletin No. 1,166,
| entitled Poison Ivy and Poison Sumac
and Their Eradication, offers much
; valuable information. Copies may be
obtained by addressing the Department
of Agriculture.
THE GARDEN CLUBS.
The last regular meeting of the Bur
lelth Garden Club was at the home of
Mrs. G. W. Moser, 3538 S street, July
16. Addresses were given by Aubrey
B. Carter of the Chevy Chase Gar
den Club and Ivan Anderson of Ball
ston, Va. Both Mr. Carter and Mr.
Anderson are on the committee to
| judge the gardens of Burlelth, which Is
I to take place shortly. The August meet
ing of the club will to be in the form
of a picnic, at which time the club will
be the guests of Mrs. Charles Wood at
her Summer cottage at- Sherwood
Forest.
The Chevy Chase Garden Club met
Monday morning In the home of the
president, Mrs. F. Baker Weaver, 5324
Thirty-ninth street. Mrs. Frederick
Willson was Joint hostess with Mrs.
Weaver. Several stops were made to
inspect gardens of members having un
usual displays of flowers in bloom, on
the way to visit the Bishop's Garden,
returning to Mrs. Weaver s home, where
luncheon was served. A paper on roses,
prepared by Mrs. Christian, was read
by Mrs. Galliher. A collection of speci
men blooms brought by the members
from their gardens was taken by the
‘ president to a neighborhood hospital.
! honor Is not satisfied until blood has
been drawn; they fight a duel. In this
country a man who makes a libelous
statement about another Is brought be
fore the court and the Judge's decision
is fully satisfactory to the Injured party.
There Is the same difference between
the American and the European point
of view in settling their political dis
putes.
Whether France and Germany can
be induced to settle their disputes in
the American fashion is difficult to say.
There is no danger at present that they
will want to “draw blood"; Germany
cannot afford jt. But the lack of a set
tlement may prove in the end much
more pernicious than an actual con
flict. and the lack of a political agree
ment may cause a chaotic situation,
from which Europe as well as the
United States wIU have to suffer alike.
ments of colonial days, the innumerable
churches built by the Spaniards—veri
table shrines of beauty and splendor—
the palaces and the great old homes
belonging to the Viceregal aristocracy.
Aristocracy Survives.
This atmosphere of tradition, and of
reverence for the past, also causes the
Peruvian to retain in his psychology
certain characteristics of the Spanish
spirit of the colonies: a tendency to
conservatism, to religious mysticism and
a natural talent for the fine arts and
letters.
Anxious to show their friendship for
Uncle Bam, their best customer and
friend, the Peruvians join him every
year in the celebration of his birthdav.
By a congressional resolution, the 4th
of July is celebrated throughout Peru
as a national holiday. Such a sopn
taneous expression of good will deserves
that on the 28th of July the citizens
of the United States do at least remem
ber that four thousand miles to the
south there is a friendly people laboring
, indefatigably to build up the great na
tion of which the Liberators dreamed
110 years ago.
(Copyright, 1131.)
• ■
Nearly 4.700,000 pounds of garlic were
imported Into the United States last
i year.
Speculation Surrounds Curtis’ Action
In Choice of State or National Race
(Continued From First Page.)
President serves a partial term as Presi
dent, It la best for the party and for
the country that he should be nominated
thereafter for a full term, as Mr. Cool
ldge was in 1924, for example; and as
Theodore Roosevelt was In 1904. It Is
true that In earlier periods It was not
always the rule when a Vice President
was serving a partial term as President
to nominate him for a full term. But
It has been the rule for more than 40
years and It has come to be the nettled
judgment of party leaders to do it this
way. as was done about Mr. Coolldge In
1924.
It Is also a fact that a Vice President
who serves a partial term as President Is
practically certain to want nomination
for a full term. He wants It as a jus
tification. as a vote of confidence. When
he does want It. which Is about always.
It Is embarrassing or even Impossible to
deny It to him. It Is a humiliation to
him to deny it.
Having in mind this consideration It
must be borne in mind that If Mr. Cur
tis should be elected Vice President next
year and should then becoma President,
and If hs should thereafter be nomi
nated for a full term he would be 77 on
taking office In 1937—and would be still
serving as President at 91.
Taking all this Into account some
leading men In the Republican National
Committee, If they felt free to act with
out regard to personal considerations,
would not renominate Mr. Curtis for
Vice President next year. In view of the
man-killing job the presidency has come
to be, for a man to serve in the office
in his late 70s Is an Injustice to the
country and practical murder for the
man.
Age Nearly Determine*.
This matter of the age of men nomi
nated to be President, or nominated to
be Vice President and therefore liable
to become President. Is a very weighty
consideration. It is almost a determin
ing consideration. It grows more im
portant every year. The quantity of
work a President must do. the number
, of separate tasks heaped upon him. the
wider area and heavier burden of his
[ responsibilities—all that Increases day
i by day. It Increases with growth of the
, country’s population and with complex
ity of the country's business. It in- {
creases strikingly with the growth of In- j
vention.
Only the other day In an acute and
intricate conference between France and i
■ the United States about postponement
of debts, the overseas telephone added
| its compelling ring to the signals to
r which a President must respond. For
long periods, day after day, Mr. Hoover,'
, in the White House, was talking over
( the overseas phone with Mr. Mellon
and others In Paris. How much a strain i
that kind of communication can be. the
) |
i I Jugoslav Unity Lies Ahead, Deelares
Count Sforza in Analyzing Problems
_ Prom First Page )
fluenre on the South Slavs was prob
, ably greater than that of any Jugoslav
; public man. As one of the most im- ,
; portant members of the Slav opposition
in Austria, he had stood by his South
j Slav brothers at the time of the Fried
r Jung trial, a lurid attempt by the Aus
■ trlan government a few years before
the war to destroy the national move
> ment in Croatia. Masaryk had not
> shrunk from bringing before the Judges
“ the proofs that the Austrian govern
i ment was producing documents, at tlie
? trial which had been forged at the
Austro-Hungarian legation in Belgrade.
1 Therefore when, an exile in Home,
, like Trumblch, he said that the heroic
; struggle of Serbia had created a living
i program for all the Southern Slavs, his
• word and his influence were decisive. !
> All doubts, all reservations, melted into
a common official action. In reality,
the differences of temperament were,
almost unconsciously, more Important
than the Intellectual and poltlcal de
cisions. Serbians and Croats went on.
seemingly hand in hand, in reality j
. speaking two different languages
r The military defeats of the allies on
, the British. French and Italian fronts j
r brought more union in 1917 and 1918
than the earlv hopes of victory. In
April. 1918, a Congress of the Oppressed
Nationalities was held in Rome.
> Dissolution Moot Important.
! The resolutions adopted by the con
, gress proclaimed that each of the op-
I pressed nationalities had the right to
constitute Its own state unity < like
i Poland) or to complete it (like Ru
mania and Jugoslavia): that the Aus
tro-Hungarian monarchy was the fun
damental obstacle to the realisation of
, the rights of the Oppressed Natlonall
[ ties: that it was imperative to wage a
; common struggle against the eommon
oppressors.
| Important as the resolutions were, it
was even more important that the dis- .
solution of Austria-Hungary had at
last been realised as one of the logical
; and essential aims of the struggle
against the Central Empire.
; In reality, beneath the unanimity j
forced on all the Jugoslav elements by \
the Austrian danger, it was easy for me !
! to detect the same moral divergence— i
more alive than the Slavs themselves
realized —which I had watched two
years before, in Corfu among the
Croatian* and the Serbians.
Trumbich had come to Corfu to con
fer with Pachich about a common
declaration which would have shown
the world that the Serbians and the
Croats —and. with the Croats, the Slov
enes—had decided to become a single
sovereign state. Their parley produced
a document —the Pact of Corfu.
During the long weeks of the secret
Corfu discussions Trumbich appeared
' as an Austrian to the Serbians, simply ;
. because he was struggling against:
' Austria —struggling with all his forces,
but with an Austrian mentality and
Austrian methods. For example, he
1 had fastidious distinctions about flags.
1 coats-of-arms —everything, in a word.
■ which might Insure Croatian autonomy.
' Autonomy for decades had been the
' only method with which to keep Croatia
; alive to the danger of Magyarization.
Croats Given Excuse.
The Serbians, who were nalevely
; thinking of the union as of an annexa
tion to Serbia, were bewildered by
Trumblch’s principles and his mistrust
of Belgrade. Often they complained to
me. Knowing that I had expressed my
pity—more than my indignation—for
certain childish slogans of the Croatian
Committee, claiming even old Italian
lands for the filture Jugoslav State,
they told me more than once: “Do not
be afraid of our agreements: after the
victory it will be easy for us to bring
to reason those busybody Croats. . . .”
It was difficult for me to make them
understand that they were as wrong
as their "brothers"; and, above all. im
possible for me to admit that the Ital
’ lan Foreign Minister Sonnino had pro
, vided the Croats with some excuses lor
their conduct. By his treaty of London,
signed on the eve of Italy’s entry into
the war, Sonnino had obtained from
i the other entente powers a great part
[ of Dalmatia; his secret treaty obliged
him to feel toward Serbia almost as
toward a potential enemy, since Serbia
was thinking of a new Jugoslav state
which would necessarily have claimed
Dalmatia as one of its provinces.
It cannot be denied that immediate
appearances were in favor of Sonnino’s
conception. History had worked to em
phasize the differences between the
; Jugoslavs. While all the nations In
; Europe are Western or Eastern, the
Jugoslav nation seems divided into two
parts by the imaginary diagonal line
dividing East and West in Europe.
Two Farts of Nation Differ.
Lubljana, the main city of the Slo
venes, near the Italian frontier, is one
of the moat Catholic centers In Europe,
while Belgrade Is Orthodox; Zagreb, the
) capital or Croatia, is a town of strong
l Western vitality, while Sarajevo is more
Turkish than modernised StambuL la
mental concentration necessary to hear
and to grasp what is said, the increased
burden of Instantaneous decision, is un
derstood by everybody who dwells a
moment upon it. As little as a year ago
those communications would have takm
place In the form of cabled messages
upon which each party to the process
could have as much time as seemed
adequate for uninterrupted study, for
leisurely reflection and for careful reply.
The new process shortens matters, to
be sure. That extremely difficult con
ference with the French, in which
President Hoover's decisive and detailed
participation was largely by telephone,
began on June 23 and ended on July
6. 12 days In all. It Is decidedly
worth noting that this was the briefest
International conference (of compara
ble weight and complexity) In all his
tory. Without looking up record*. It
1* safe to say that no other interna
tional conference comparable to this
was ever concluded in less than two
months. (The Washington Arms Con
ference In 1922-23 lasted four months )
The new way is brief, It 1* modern,
It Is efficient. It saves time, it gets
things done—but It “takes It out of”
whoever Is President.
The writer of this article has known
well, and in some cases intimately, all
the Presidents of the United States
during 30 years. I have seen Theo
dore Roosevelt ride to the White House
In a horse-drawn carriage at a pace
of 5 miles an hour—and ride away in
an automobile capable of 60 miles an
hour. That difference In pace and
complexity of mechanism Is the symbol
of what has taken place In the presi
dency and in the world. I have hap
-1 pened to know. In most cases Inti
mately. the physicians whose business
j It h°s been to watch and guard the
health of Presidents. I have helped
some of them In steps they took to
save their patients from what might
have been physical calamity. To com
press into one sentence quantity of ex
i perlence that would fill a book—the
; physical vitality of Presidents, their
capacity to stand up to great and con
i tinuous burdens, Is a very, very Im
portant consideration.
From this point of view the ques
tion whether Mr. Curtis should be re
nominated Is a proper and serious sub
ject for discussion. But the discussion
ought to be on this and other weighty
1 bases—not on the ground of compara
j tlve political dangers and comparative
i political timidities.
As respects Mr. Curtis running for
i Senator from Kansas, if he should
i choose to do that, the leaders within
the Republican National Committee
would rejoice. In that office, age. when
coupled with experience such a* Mr.
Curtis has had, is an asset. When Mr.
Curtis was In the Senate he was the
official leader and a competent one.
His technique was his own, and It
worked.
I
I Slovenia, around Lubljana. we And one
of the most perfect developments of j
modern proletariat while Serbian
Montenegro brings us back to the class ;
, system as in pre-French Morocco. I
As a rule, all of the Jugoslavs who
until 1918 belonged to the Austrian 1
I Monarchy had become Western Euro- j
i peans—or. at least, they looked so. The j
Serbians of the Obrenovich and Kare- i
georgevich kingdom are still patriarchal.!
with the fatal result that the Serbian ]
[ peasants, who are the great majority j
of the Serbians, constitute one of the!
healthiest, most honest and most de-1
sening collectivities I know of. while [
the politicians.-the State officials, gen-,
erall.v returned from hasty university ■
studies abroad, understand and appre- j
date onlv party struggles; they have]
lost all the qualities of their peasant !
fathers and have acquired very' few of i
J the moral forces of a bourgeoisie,
j Natural enough that, the two parts j
of the nation being so different, the
Croats say more and more of the!
Serbians: “They are Balkanics. thevi
are Orientals." while the Serbians,
proud of their war record, look with!
! contempt on the Croats and call them !
j ''Austrian.”
Union Proclaimed.
Different they were and are also in j
their political conceptions of the state. |
I Serbia had been, as an Independent :
principality flrst and later as a king- 1
dom. a highly centralized state. To
understand the recent errors of the
j Serbian dictatorship one must keep in
mind that the later acquisitions Serbia
had made in the East in 1878 and 1912
had given her the Impression that any j
territories Inhabited by Slavs were ready j
to acquiesce in the Belgrade hegemony i
The National Council of the Slavs of i
the Hapsburg monarchy adopted on !
November 24, 1918, the following proud I
resolution: i
“The National Council of Slovenes, j
Croats and Serbs. In accordance with;
its former opinions and in accordance j
' with the announcement of the govern- j
ment of the Kingdom of Serbia, pro- '
claims the unlftn of the sovereign state j
i of the Slovenes. Croats and Serbs, or- !
I ganized on the complete integral Jugo- 1
slav territory of the former Austro- ,
I Hungarian monarchy, with the king- 1
j doms of Serbia and Montenegro into,
one single country of Slovenes, Croats
j and Serbs.”
Proclamation Read Two Way*
The proclamation which Alexander,
then Prince Regent, issued on Decem
ber l, 1918, was considered by the
Croats as a simple acceptance of their
resolution, since it ran as follows:
"Your coming in the name of the
National Council, that worthy repre
sentative of our broad national thought,
and your announcement of its thought
and your announcement of its historic
! decision of November 24. by which the
! unification of our whole nation and of
1 our whole, dear, tormented fatherland
Is declared, fills me with deep joy. Ac
cepting that declaration. I proclaim, in
| the name of his majesty. King Peter I,
: the union of the Kingdom of Serbia
with the lands of the Independent state
of Slovenes. Croats and Serbs into a
single kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes."
But whlla the Croats read “union"
the Serbs understood “annexation."
Under the cloak of the “Kingdom of
the Serbs. Croats and Slovenes" and
later on of Jugoslavia, too many Serb
ians had remained faithful to the old
pan-Serbian idea.
Serbians Failed to See Danger.
Among the old Serb politicians onlv
one, Protich. seemed to understand
what was necessary for a sound union.
Being the first prime minister of the
new, enlarged kingdom, he tried to
create an administration based on wide,
self-governing autonomies.
But the pan-Serb ideas of old
Pachich finally prevailed and the new
state was divided into provinces, hav
ing no more self-governing power than
a French department.
When Pachich, on July 28, 1921,
submitted his project to the Constituent
Assembly, 161 out of the 419 members
did not vote —an extreme form of pro
test. Most of them were Croats. Os
the 258 who voted 35 were against, and
of the 223 who voted in favor only 10
were Croats.
The crystalized minds of the old
Serbian politicians did not see the dan
ger. With his Oriental fatalism, old
Pachich proved unable to change the
ideals of his whole life. Probably Alex
ander did, if only because he was young, •
and brought up abroad.
The 10 years of common life between |
Serbians and Croats, from 1919 until •
King Alexander proclaimed himself
dictator, are but a long and dreary storv j
of misunderstandings and complaints.
Figures—all the figures—spoke for the
Croats; while in Serbia (and in Mont- ,
enegro, which is essentially Serbian) |
taxation amounted only to 91 dinars a i
head, in Croatia it was 164 dinars and
279 In Slovenia, The proportion* for
expenditure on public work* were tne
same, but Inverted. _ ___
i In the peyehotogteal field the wrong
and the right were probably divided;
both parte poid the penalty lor the
excess centralisation that the old Serb
leaders Imposed.
Perhaps th? main reason why the
union pas proved so stormy lies In the
fact that one of the necessary members
of the true Jugoslav unity of tomorrow
was lacking and is still lacking—l
mean Bulgaria.
Had Bulgaria form 3d an integral part
of Jugoslavia—as she surely will som<»
day—the Internal and international
difficulties of the new Jugoslav state
would not have developed Into such
dangerous evils. Macedonia might have
become a link between the two Jugoslav
groups, the Serbian and the Bulgarian,
while now she Is a dividing field of
hatreds and jealousies. Croatia would
have been less suspicious of Serbia; the
Adriatic question with Italy would have
been less bitter.
One man. better than any Croat or
any Serb, had felt and foreseen all that
—Stambullaky, the leader of the Peasant
party in Bulgaria, the man who forced
King Ferdinand to abdication; 6 tarn
bullsky, the prophetic spirit who was the
first to proclaim the necessity of a Jugo
slav union, and who paid for it with his
life.
Ism Voice to Opposition.
When, at the time of the annexation
of Bosnia and Hsrsegovina, Ferdinand
of Coburg, In agreement with Austrian
diplomacy, raised Bulgaria to the rank
of an independent kingdom, stambullaky
alone damped the complacent enthusi
asm of the official classes for the out
ward success.
"The independence proclaimed in this
manner ” he declared In Parliament,
"represents a danger for the country.
It is the beginning of a policy that will
inevitably bring us to war. This lean
ing toward Austria, contrary to th
permanent feelings of the country, we
shall pay for with a catastrophe.”
When, with Austria's war against
Serbia, his prophecy was about to be
fulfilled, Stam bullsky was already
leader of a fairly numerous group of
peasants in Parliament; for the peasant
masses hsd answered his call tired as
they were of meeting the cost of strug
gles between the partisans of Austria
and those of Russia. Stombuhsky’s war
cry—" The cause of the j>casants' Inde
pendence can be defended only by the
peasants!"—had echoed widely On the
day when the Austrians Invaded Serbia,
he rose In Parliament, surrounded by
his group, and cried out;
"I wdsh victory to cur Serbian
brothers!"
Called Traitor.
The majority, subservient to King ,
Ferdinand, covered him with insults:
"Go, you traitor, you are nothing but
a Serbian!"
And he replied calmly;
"I am neither a Serbian nor a Bul
garian. I am a southern Slav." t
Such blasphemy—which will prove
the truth of the future —had never yet j
been spoken in the Bulgarian Parlia- |
mrnt
A few months before his death—he
was killed by a gang of officers and
Macedonians on June 8, 1823—Stam
bulisky, being at the time Bulgarian
prime minister, asked my confidential
opinion on what was still his supreme
ideal—a federal union between the
two southern Slav nations—Bulgaria
and the new kingdom of the Serbians.
Croats and Slovenes He knew that
when I had been at the head of the
Italian foreign policy, not only had I
not been afraid of such a hypothesis. 1
i but that I had considered it consistent
TOI'RS.
WyJihsf Jout 4 - of
I TURKESTAN
//y Join tlx first de luxe rail cara.
'/// von into the heart of Central
oA»ia, leaving Leningrad Au
gur t 4 *th! Forty days travel,
ing a glamorous route through
fyyi lands rich in ancient atmoe.
pherc and modern activity.
BStrpr on the 8000 mile itin.
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Leningrad, Kiev, Baku and
fiy l tht fabled Atian cities of
Alma Afa,Tashkent, Samar.
HBI hand. Bokhara. Comfortable
accommodation! at all times. !
For detailed information,coniull |
your travel agent or INTOURIST.
Wntt at race /or illuiirtitd
httrahtrt!
INTOURIST
_ OKA ,»»/,*» j
STATE TRAVEL BUREAU
AVI. MW wont
Go by Boat
jo Mackinac j
#3052
ROUND TRIP
EVERY MON., WED., FBL
From Buffalo
ONI WAY FARI SAQOO
Mockl—i ar It. I(m<o j/m JJg
75 to CHICAGO
W 1 BOUND TRIP
ONE WAY <34.00
ABOVE BATES INCIUM MEALS—BEBTH
■n|oy Tour VaeottM TltU Teor
OBCHESTBA, DANCING, DECK SPORTS.
SOCIAL HOSTESS, AFTERNOON TEAS,
■WOOI, FAB-FAMED CUISINE on Mackinac
Division. Big, comfortable staterooms,
aach with hot and cold running water.
Parlors with single or twin bads, tub and
shower baths. LARGEST, finest ships
end lowest forts. TOURIST AUTOS CARRIED
TO DETROIT, ST. K3NACE AND CHICAGO.
SPECIAL FREIGHT RATI.AND-HALF FOR
ROUND TRIP.
Doily Strvke:
DETROIT
Sirs. Greater Buffalo I Greater Detroit
a LEAVE 6 P.M., E.S.T.
DANCING NIGHTLY
Tickets aad resersstsea* fro—
say sathsnsed R.IL end Tsar
be aaaacy. UalkaM stop
avers. Fast freight service.
BtEfcli Perks, Esse efMMtSe.
BeflUe Uptown Oftcs. SO N.
Nan York OWosiaUCh toils HUg
j divisions. Drrstorr * buffalo -
og TROT I ft CLEVELAND - DETROIT.
MACKINAC IS, ST. IGNACR ft CHICAGO
D AC NAVIGATION COMPANY
with toe Interest* of Italy and Os
peace.
1 met Btambuli*ky in Milan and I
accompanied him as far as the Swiss
frontier. To my surprise I discovered
that he knew Mazrlni's admirable
pages where 60 years before the World
War the prophet of the Italian Rlsor
glmento had foreseen the Jugoslav
union and affirmed Italy's sympathy
for the younger Slav people.
Seeks Fall Federation. .
“What Mazzlnl wrote Is still my
policy,” I told him. “I consider some
sort of Jugoslav unity as one of the
many cases In which Italian Inter
ests are absolutely Identical with
wider European Interests. In a full
Jugoslav federation the old rancors of
Austrian origin about the boundaries
with Italy, about the Adriatic and so
on, will disappear; the Bulgarian ele
ment will bring more fresh air, wider
horizons. Moreover, you'll all become
richer, and a productive Italy prefers
rich neighbors.
Stambullsky knew enough of my
ideas not to be surprised. He simply
said;
"But are you not the only respon
sible Italian who would dare to de
dare that the Jugoslav unity is the ■
reality of tomorrow and that Italy j
must not be mistrustful?”
, And I:
“Perhaps; but how many Jugoslavs.
STEAMSHIPS.
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* *3UVA, AUCKLAND SYDNEY
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“AORANGI” Aar. IS, Oet. It. Dee. •
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Sell from Vancouver. 8.. C.
For Fare. etc.. Applr Can. Pac Railway
l«th St. at New York Ave. N W . Washlntton
Or to the Canadian Aaatralailan Line
999 West HasUnsa 8t . Vancouver. B. C. _
SOUTH by SEA j
Newest, largest and meat mag
nificent steamers betweca the
North and South.
Smiling* frmm Now York
Te MIAMI Sverr Saturday.
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Thursday and Saturday, for all points
In Florida.
Ta CHARLESTON. S. C.- Every
Tuesday, Thuraday and Baturdap,
for all points Southeast.
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Saturday, for all points Watt and
| Pacific Coast.
TAKE YOVR CAR
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ALL-EXPENSE TOI'RS
Ecor.oni.cal all-expense Touts from
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CLTDE-MmPR?
2 -4^o
To EUROPE
and back —$180 U P
- i
For less coat than two or three weeks
vacation in this country you can now
go abroad. Your round trip passage
costs as little as $lB0 —for an outside
stateroom on an upper deck —with ap
petizing meals, Maryland style, for
eight or nine days each way. Sail from
Baltimore or Norfolk to Havre or Ham
burg on a new 15,000-ton mail liner.
Spacious staterooms, over half with
private bath . . . broad shelter deck,
glass enclosed ... comfortable lounges.
A luxurious yet inexpensive crossing.
For information see any authorized agent
or travel bureau or apply at
1119 G ST. N.W.
BALTIMORE
MAIL LINE
Baltimore Trust Building
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
MAIL PASSENGERS FAST FREIGHT
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tempting meals, airy state
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$1 C and up
1 Includes train fare: meals
and stateroom berth on
boat.
Deluxe accommodstiofli at sltghdy increased coat.
Ttiroush tickets issued for New England tnd
Northern points. '
m Sallints daily, except Bun- i
day. at 7:30 PM 'Eastern
WJMr Standard Tlmei from Pier
9. foot of Bolssevaln Ave
nut, Norfolk. Va.
Old Dominion
f . OF THE EASTERN
IjM6 steamship lines
For tickets and resarTatlons apply Norfolk
S’ Washington Steamboat Co.. IIP H St.
N.W.. Washington. D. C.: or Old Dominion
Line. 151) Granby St.. Norfolk. Vo.
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Iloiti i:\tK9
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[ Empreaa of Canada go via Honolulu, connecting £
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1 1 "Empreaa” Touriat Cabin. Alao Third Cabin.
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I "Firat” from $450; Touriat Cabin from 5225.
HI Information and rMW»a«loa« from roar «i •* .
Canadian Pacific*
■H Gmeral Agent, C. E. Phelp «, 14th and /V etc ) nrk
9 A te. JV.IT* W athington, D. C, National 0759 9991
bu they Croats, Serbians or Bulgari
ans. do dare to express your faith In
a wider Jugoalav union?”
Stambullsky nodded approvingly. I
did not see him any more. A few
months later. Macedonian partisans
and demobilized Bulgarian officers
had him killed: he was guilty, In
their eyea, of the crime of struggling
against the traditional hatred between
Belgrade and Sofia.
All the same, his idea remains. And
his idea alone will have the fores to
bring real union among the Jugoslavs.
ICopyright, 1911.)
New Tie of Flexible Steel.
Ties of flexible steel, recently Invented
by a German, may be tested by railways
in Oermany. The new tie consists of a
tubp of approximately elliptical croas
sections slotted along Its lower side In
order to allow a certain amount of
"give” when a train passes. The interior
is filled with ballast, and sideslip on
curves Is prevented by stopping the open
j ends of the ties with steel plates,
i STEAMSHIPS.
jSfjfpAdveritQfg,
AN ISLAND sport adventure ... in
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To Bermuda! And this summer you
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Round Trip Rale Remains
onlv *6O up
S. S. “Franconia” sails every Saturday,
S. S. “Veendam” every Wednesday.
For reserrstions. apply any authorised
ogent or Fur ness Bermuda Line. 34 Whita
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Fifth Avs , A'«*r York. A. Y.
EUIINESS
leads the way to
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BOSTON
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Baltimore to Boston, the
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Sundays, SP. M.; due hack
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Other sailings are on eveiy
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three to Nova Scotia! Also send
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