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4 Attack? on U. S. Latin American Policy Held Reactidnary Voice fQontinwd From Third Paga.) fender the nrw author!tie* Tbry must watt until perfect normality prevail* •aatn. Particularly to In those coun tries where the deposed dictatorial go*- smtnent* had suppressed. almost en tirely. ail political activities To suppose, from the absence of flec tions, that the newly established fov emments did not have the consent of the people: reveals an ignorance of the farts surrounding those revolution* which is hard to comprehend If there was am time when the will of the populace was self-evident. it 1* in the case of the latest Latin American re volt!. Everybody know* that theae were movements national In scope, emi nently popular; so unanimous. In fact, that they were carried out. with a few exception*, almost without resistance, in a bloodless way. In a non-Latin American way. Ttas Stale Department knew all this, •rough Its diplomatic agent* in the Southern capital* And It i* precisely basing hi* decision on this popular sup- Krt of the revolutions that Secretary lmson announced a reversal to the old Jeffersonian policy of recognition, which had been discontinued by the **Wg stick" of Roosevelt and the "no i freedom without order and law" of Woodrow Wilson. Error Is Cited. Mkled by his own false appreciation of the Latin American upheaval*. Mr. Davfe falls later In an even greater error. He says- ''lt is also problemati cal whether the peoples of the coun tries in question will not feel a still . greater degree of resentment against the United States because It hastened to give recognition to dictatorships of which they themselves did not ap prove.” Now, it is no secret that the reality la entirely opposite. The new policy of recognition of revolutionary govern ments—which, In fact, ir only a re versal to the old Jeffersonian principle that "any government formed by the will of the nation substantially de clared (what oould be more substantial than • revolution?) ought to be recog nised,"—has gained more good will and applause for Uncle Sam in Latin Amer ica than any other single act of the White House in decades. The "threat" of non-recognition of revolutionary governments, advised by President Wilson, had been the cause of much ill feeling among the Latin Americans. They contended that such • theory, denying them the right to revolt, was tantamount to a denial of self-government. The more so. since revolution is often the only mean* left in that part of the world to replace a dictatorial and penonalistlc rule. Meaning Interpreted. The announcement by the Secretary of State that "any government which la the expression of popular will—even If bom of revolution—and which is able to*assure internal order and pro tection to foreign lives and property will be recognised by the United States’” was bound to evoke, necessarily, en thusiastic approval on the other aide of the Rio Orande. If Mr. Davis would have taken the trouble of reading the editorial com ments and personal statements of some of the leaders of public opinion In those countries—which appeared In the Latin American press, following the announce ment by Secretary Stimson of the re version to the Jefferson policy of recog nition—he would certainly have had a different Idea as to the reaction that such an announcement had in the South. Besides, if he had read the Latin papers, he would have also come to the conclusion that the revolutionary gov ernments were far from being "new dictatorships" established against popu lar will. It la true that in Peru and Argentina discontent was felt some time after the revolutions, but this was only sev eral months later, when the new author- Rothschild Throne Totters (Continued From First Page.) period of growth. The new ere thet wee opening offered e diversification from state loans. They built reilroeds. founded eteemshlp companies, bought factories, took over mines. Their money ran over Europe like water through the Irrigation channels of a field. Often the interests of their houses in Naples. London. Frankfort. Vienna and Paris would conflict They would find themselves with a foot in two hostile camps. But they always managed* somehow to make money to offset the losses incurred by the house which hap pened to be In the losing state. There was no end to their ingenuity. And they had a long arm-as Count TOreno discovered Toreno was finance minister In Spain when that kingdom was torn between the rival claims of a young Queen-re gent. backed by liberal Europe, and Don Carlos. Metternich's protege and an ab solutist, backed by absolutist Europe. Pour of the five brothers wanted to keep ! out of this hornet's nest, but Nathan, ' In London, wanted to grab certain j quickallver mines In Spain which would give the Rothschild he use. already own- . Ing the Austrian mines, a monopoly. He ' therefore negotiated a loan of 16.000,000 francs with Toreno. Break Spanish Minister. Toreno. however, was a bad let. He demanded more money, and. refused it. got a loan elsewhere, thereby Imperiling Spain’s already rocky finances. Nathan now became antl-Toreno and with his j brothers pressed for repayment of their lean. Toreno. contemptuous and an noyed, at length handed over part in cash and part in the doubtful paper of the new loan. Even this unsatisfactory settlement cost the Rothschilds 1.600.000 francs in a bribe to Toreno Their ire aroused, i they held a council of war, and agreed to bear Spanish rentes in London. The j operation was a complete success. ] Spanish funds fell from 70 to 37. thou sands of holders were ruined (Solomon. ■ who had come to Lcndon. was afraid to go out lest some one who had lost everything in Spanish bonds murder him), but the Rothschilds were avenged on Toreno. It was not long after this little affair that the Rothschilds were in trouble again, and large-scale trouble this time The sparjts of revolution bog;n to fly up from the Appcnine peninsula in 1846 They ignited inflammable ma teria] in France <where King Louis Phillipe was refusing reform) and rapidly spread all over Europe Poor Ala James Rotliaehild in P-ris had been blood-brother to the Bourbon regime. Now he saw his world crumble Metternich Crashes. In Vienna the aged Prince Metaer hlch. arch-reactionary and prop of the Vienna Rothschilds, had beer thrown over by his Emperor to avert a revolu tion. Disguised. Metternich hsd jumped Into a laundry cart, covered himself with soiled linen and fled the city Meanwhile there was a revolt in Berlin In Frankfort mobs came and smashed the windows of old Anselm R.thschilds heme because he was Pnvtslsn consul general in that city At Naples. Karl Rothschild saw the kingdom captured W? the revolutionaries Revolt flared over Lombardy. Imperiling Rothschild loans and undertakings Prices <~ n all the bourses collapsed. The Rothschilds suffered Jamas of Parts got a respite when an old family friend of his became die- j tatcr The dictator appointed as com mander of the national guard a gen eral who also waa an old friend of HotHftdiild. At the same time, while the Paris house shook to 1U foundations. Austria confronted revolt In Hungary and *he radicals in Vienna roae. hung war minister and entrenched themselves In the Rothtchiids^pa^e^ui^b^^eMß . .... Ittes had failed to fulfill the confidence I placed In them by the people. This dis satisfaction was not caused because public opinion had not originally been in favor of the revolutions, but because the new men In power in Peru and Argentina turned out to have many of the same vices characteristic of the old regime* The state Departm-nt. however, can tot foresee if the men brought to power | by a revolution in a foreign country are going to prove unworthy, and thus with ’ hold recognition until they have proved to be all right. This—which Is very nearly what President Wilson's theory amminted to—would reserve for the State Departm-nt the most peculiar right of passing upon the goodnea# and legality of the Latin American govern ments. a right which. It Is only logical, the Latin Americans do not particularly , approve of. In a different tection of his article Mr, Davis makes another unfortunate i misrepresentation when he asserts that: Secretary Stlmson's announcementl meant to say that "whatever person ' or group was In possession of the rein* ! of government, however they had ob tained them, had the right and the Sjwer to hold them." And. furthermore. e adds that according to the same an nouncement "the failure or inability of the people to make evident their opposition to the new regime Is all that the United States Government need require as proof that a new government merits recognition.” Cads Statement Twisted. It really takes a lot of Imaginative ability to twist the Secretary’s state ments to such an extent. What his announcement said respecting the recognition policy, was that "any gov ernment which is the expression of popular will, even If born of resolution. | and which Is able to assure Internal order and protection to foreign lives 1 and property will be recognised by the ' United States ” Prom this to the interpretation given by Mr. Davis, the reader will agree, there Is a considerable distance. But we need not go far for argu ments to answer Mr. Davis’ contentions. They are contained In the course of hi* own article, with his own words. He praises, for Instance, enthusiastically "the definite policy Initiated by Presi dent Wilson when he declared that 'Just government rests always upan the consent of the governed,’ ’* and he does not realise that It Is precisely In ac cordance with this principle that the State Department has adopted Its new policy of recognition of revolutionary governments. He states, farther on, “We should have learnt by now that the enforce ment of peace from outside does not remove the basic causes which make men resort to revolution. These causes, so long as the Inhabitant* of the Nation * * • remain an Independent people, can only be removed by the will and action of those people them selves." Secretary Stimson himself could not have been more explicit sh • supporting the right of the Latin American people to make use of revolu tion as a means of self-government, and the obligation of foreign countries to recognise the governments thus estab lished. To round up, Mr. Davis euloeixes again President Wilson for his policies toward Latte Americans, and he re peats with him: "We must show our selves their friends and champions upon terms of equality and honor—you can not be friends upon any other terms than upon the terms of equality.” This Is very truthful, but does Mr. Davis suppose for a moment that If tire people of this country should decide to estab lish a new government by revolution they would allow the Latin American nations to pass upon its legality and ability before extending it recognition? Equality, therefore, advises to treat the Latin Americans more like Secre tary Stimson 'does it and less like Mr. Davis suggests. (CoarrlchV'lteKPg ! emment troops. The court fled, so did Solomon Rothschild, whose nerves had already been frayed by the Toreno af fair. Metternich used to say to Solo mon. when exhorting him to be loyal end true: “If the devil fetches me he will fetch you, too!” That saying had turned out to be an accurate interpre tation of the position. Fortunes Rim to Peak. By an extraordinary chance Solo mon's cash and securities, locked in ahdOMk coffers in his office, had not iicen round. His secretary, who had fled the city, returned disguised as a milkman In a cart laden with milk cans, and. reaching the office, cleared the coffers and got everything away to a place of safety. Gradually things quieted down. In Austria the old regime returned. Solo mon's son. Anselm, took hold in Vienna (Solomon, his nerve broken, had re tired to Frankfort to die). In France ! prices recovered, and after a period of ; animosity, during which he encouraged I rival financiers, Louis Napoleon effected | a rapprochement with James Roths -1 child just in time to save the credit of his government. The heads of the impregnable : finance house were now on the top : most peaks In Austria Anselm was made a life member of the Austrian ••House of Lords and admitted to the Imperial court, the stiffest and most exclusive in Europe (even Solomon, s baron and with the Metterniehs be hind him. had not been able to secure formal admittance to the court circle) In England Lionel, son of Nathan, wel comed dukes, princes, ambassadors and the loveliest women in the kingdom to his famous supper parties at Ounners bury. a former royal residence. Entertains I "Tench King. And in France James crowned his social career by getting the French sovereign to come to a hunting partv. • along with the chief ambassadors and ministers, on his magnificent domain !of Chateau Ferrierea. It is recorded that the guests lunched off Sevres porcelain china painted by Boucher: on the return of the party from the slaughter of hares, rabbits, pheasants and partridges, the choir of the Parts Opera burst forth in a hunting song specially composed by Rossini, and. lea ring, the Emperor 7 rode away through an avenue of torches which stretched . from the chateau to the lodge gates more than a mile away. Eight years later Rothschild enter tained another sovereign in somewhat different circumstances Bismarck and Mcltkc. with King William of Prussia, chose Ferricres as a convenient head- ' quarters while their armies invested! Paris. King William looked around at j the paric. the game preserves, the i stables full of thoroughbreds, the grape ! and orchid houses, and walked into the gorgeous chateau shaking his head. ‘ Folk like us cant rise to this." he re- i marked to his staff “Only a Roths- ; child can achieve it." New Fields Open. They built railroads in Brazil, bought wool and cotton in the South ern States of America, purchased en tire tobacco crop*, bought control of shipping lines which carried their enormous merchandise. Their business Interests in the Southern State* mad? them back the Confederates in the Civil War. and they lost a lot of money when the Union triumphed. When the war was over and Jay Cooke had successfully issued the first Civil War 6 per cent gold bonds, thev waited until these bonds declined to sixty and then bought until they had the bulk of the billion dollars of the United States bonds held abroad. August Belmont eras their sgent in America—-he ha<t been trained in the Rothschilds' Frankfort house as a boy. The Morgans and Drexals fought the Cooke-Rothsch’.'d combination, and ta»* Mvattmd wm tha boOkum* THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C- NOVEMBER 1, 1931—PART TWO. after Jay Cooke** sensational Collapse In the panic of IST3 The vast industrial development In the New World was a bit too wild for the conservative Jews. They stayed out of the gigantic promotions Into which the Morgans. Rockefellers. Har rimans Vanderbilts and , the rest plunged. Un4fln Became* Stronghold. London was now their chief strong hold. Lionel floated IS British loans, sod Lionel’s successor. Nathaniel, i already a baronet, was raised to the peerage--the first Jew In England to enter the House of Lord*. Their girls were beginning that series of marriage* which has taken the Roths child blood into the great old families of the Cholmonddfey*. the Hardwleks : and the Rosebery*. Disraeli, the great Tory premier, was their friend So was the Prince of Wales, afterward Edward VH. He went to their ’dances and to their mar riage* He also borrowed money from them against the time he should be come King, for Queen Victoria kept him short The 'Jueen for her part wax appalled by her son and heir’s j familiarity first with Lionel. Antony ! ar.d Mayer, the head* of the family. I and subsequently with the younger generation. Nathaniel. Ferdinand and S Leopold—until they came to the rescue • of the British government in the mat ter of the Bues Canal shares, after which her majesty beamed upon them. That story has often been told—usu ally inaccurately. The true story Is queer enough. The grandson of that Mehemet AIL wha sent to Egypt as viceroy by The Turkish Sultan, had seized that country for himself and established a new dynasty (incidental ly seriously disturbing the Rothschilds at the time). His credit was gone. But he hed his Suez Canal shares—l77.6o2 of them. France wanted them, to did Britain. Gives French Option. Th" Khedive gave a French financial house an option on them. Another French financier heard of the project and told a British journalist and Lionel Rothschild what was happening The journalist told Disraeli, who had long desired to obtain the dominating in fluence In the canal, the jugular vein of Imperial Britain. Twenty million dollar* were required immediately If Britain was to swing the deal before the French financier! had time to raise the money and complete the purchase. But Parliament was not sitting, and not a bean can come out of the British treasury without Parliament's senctlon. "We have scarcely time to breathe, we must carry the matter through,” wrote Disraeli to the Queen, whom he was soon to acclaim Empress of India; and he went off to friend Lionel, who raised the 20,000,000 In a trice, and charged only 3 per cent. As the Khedive, dverloyed to get his cash, agreed to pay 5 per cent until dividends on the shares were again forthcoming. It was a good stroke of business for the British government, the vital political and imperial aspect apart. Fought Against Wars. If the Rothschild house of the second decade of the twentieth century had been able to wield the power It pos sessed in Metternloh's day, there might have been no World War. They were always working and Intriguing and bullying, when they could, to stop war, which menaced their bumness and their capital: and they fought hard to avert a war which would split their house. But events were too much for them. They therefore resignedly threw in their respective lots with the states whose fortunes they had entwined with their own. One Rothschild fell In Palestine. When the World War ended, and the vast gimcrack empire of the.Hapstmrgs collapsed. It looked as If the Austrian house of Rothschild might as well liquidate also But Vienna still had prospects of becoming the economic and financial center of the new conglomera tion of states of Southeast Europe, with the Rothschild bank getting the cream of the business. Besides, it had great properties to nurse—mines, estates, forests. Industrial enterprises, 60 big buildings in the heart of Vienna, apart from loads of paper securities. In the midst of the inflation It could not sell out and get out. Rush to Rescue. The London and Paris houses rushed to the rescue. The League of Nations jumped in with the first big post-war loan floated under Its auspices. The Rothschilds of London and Paris guar anteed the success of the loan. They helped In other ways. It was necessary that the Vienna house should make money to recoup it for the tre mendous losses It had suffered In the war and the inflation. The Paris house, co-operating with the Morgan* to re habilitate the French franc, tipped off the Vienna house to deal lh francs. The franc Improved 3> per cent and the Vienna house made huge profits. These profits have since been swal lowed up In the depreciation In securities consequent upon the eco nomic bllasard and the credit crisis In Central Europe. Powerful bat talions of International finance have moved hasitly to the rescue. But the other branches of the Rothschilds this time do not seem to have supported their hard pressed kinsfolk to the limit. Still, the situation is not a new one for this old financial dynasty. And un less the stock is getting worn out by too much interbreeding—the Paris house Is still adventurous, but the Lon don house devotes itself to conserving its capital rather than risking it in new ventures—much water will have to flow under the bridge of time and of events before we see these Austrian Rothschilds going out of business and retiring to their palaces and estates as private individuals. Dresden Will Exhibit Church Art in U. S. BERLIN. Germany.—So great has been the interm displayed in America over the plan of the Dresden "Kunst dienst" to exhibit modern German church art and architecture in various cities of the United States that the ex hibition. which was to have been held this Autumn, has been postponed until Spring. Dr. Siegfried Scharf? of Halle, for mer professor of art history at the University of Wisconsin, is going to leave for America to make preparations for the exhibition. He will hold lectures in a number of universities, among them Harvard. Cleveland, Chicago. Johns Hopkins and Michigan, includ ing various church organizations The proposal to hold the exhibition, to be termed "Religion and Art.” evoked widest interest, from the beginning. Offers of support were received from both the Lutheran and Episcopal Churches and from the Carnegie In stitute. the Carl Schurz Memorial i Foundation in Philadelphia, the In -1 sutute of International Education and • other bodies, all of which expressed a desire to make the exhibition more comprehensive than had been originally planned. For this reason the postpone ment until Spring was decided on. The exhibition, which will be devoted to modem Oerman church building and new church art. will be shown in i a large number of American cities. Inspector for Hawaii Radio Work Needed HONOLULU. Hawaii—The Pacific's rapid development in wireless justifies the stationing of a government radio inspector in Honolulu, in the opinion of Bernard H. Linden. Pacific Coast inspector, who has just finished a tour of the islands. He has Inspected com mere'al. Navy and Army wireless sys tems. broadcasting stat ons and radio phone facilities now bring instilled Mr. Linden says that there is so much present activity and so much contem plated development in radio In and t-ound Hi wait that an tesoectcr is needed His visit was marked by urgent representations by organisations of totgTttlgSlß* taken to ctepr I BLESSED ARE THE COMPETENT BY BRUCE BARTON. AN important New Yorker called me up to ask about two doctors who run a clinic in a little town in Canada. He knew i that I had visited them some years ago and that they did ( me much gpod. I described them to him in the words of one of their ?>atients. "They are human errets," I said. "They seem to bp able to discover and cor rect conditions where even 1 ■ specialists have failed." The man went up to the clinic ana stayed three weeks. Yesterday he telephoned me * to say that he had not felt so well in years. He was so enthusiastic that I could 1 hardly get him ofT the phone. I sent another man up to Bill Brown’s health farm, op- Gosite West Point. The man i vice president of a business that has had plenty of prob lems. He was nervous and discouraged. He came back from Bill’s on the top of the world. I referred a friend to an architect who has aone some • very clever work for us on our country house. My friend was delighted. The doctors write me letters of thanks. So does Bill. 80 does the architect. They think I have done them a friendly service. I reply that, on the contrary, the obligation is en tirely on my part. They have given me one of the best pleasures in life, the pleasure of recommending some one who is really competent. How seldom we have that pleasure. What a discourag Restoring Athens of Africa (Continued From Third Page.) nian citizenship upon the new colonists from Thera. The principal temple of Cyrene. dedi cated to Apollo Carneius, now presents an exterior of Roman Imperial con struction, later in date than the Jew ish conflagration, and consisting of Doric columns around the inner room. In "which stood a marble statue of Apollo. Excavations below the pavements have revealed the remains of the most ancient Apollonium. This original con struction belongs to the primitive time of the Cyrenlan monarchy, going back to the end of the seventh, or to the beginning of the sixth century B. C. This temple, built of wood and crude bricks, resembles the ancient and most highly venerated Temple of Hera in , Olympia. Portico Is Enlarged. In the fourth century B. C.. a more ample portico was built around the in ner room of this temple, exactly above the original so constructed that it con cealed it. but with a staircase of com munication between the original struc ture and the one superimposed. In front of the temple arose the great altar of Apollo. 22 meters in length. With such vast dimensions, it must have been most impressive. It was constructed of blocks of tufa, a volcanic stone, and is identical and contemporaneous with the more ancient Apollonium. Pillion, sons of Annikeris, , and possibly a friend of Plato, restored the steps in the fourth century B.C. and covered the altar plate with im ported marble. | The Byzantines, as mentioned above, had carried away the marbles of Philon and adapted them to the pavements of their baths. It has been our job to ; remove these marbles and replace them in their original positions, thus restor ing its sumptuous aspect to the altar. On the northern side the ancient dedi catory inscription of Philon can still be read. Temple Uncovered. When the first excavators uncovered the Temple of Artemis, they found that i it was a rectangular edifice constructed of huge blocks of tufa: the entrance was provided with a rich portal of sculptured marble. In the vestibule a statue of Apollo is preserved. In a re construction of the temple, rendered necessary by the Jewish conflagration, a portico with two columns had been I added on the eastern side. That this temple was dedicated to Artemis there can be no doubt, as we learn from the inscriptions and. above all, from the head of the goddess, a delicate, orig inal sculpture, possible the work of a ' sculptor of Asia Minor in the third or second centuries B.C. The latest excavations have revealed : below: the Oreco-Roman temple the re mains of a smaller and still more an cient Artemislum. of the beginning of the sixth century B C.. as attested by parts of columns, by the pedestal of a ' statue of a deity inscribed with an srAaic dedication and by the remains of a sacred repository- Within this much fine goldsmiths' work was found —women's jewelry and plates of silver 1 with heads in repousse work in the At tic style, in vogue at the beginning of the fifth century B.C. In front of this temple there also ; was found, on an elevation of four steps, a large altar of stone, near which was discovered an inscription . commemorating the festivals of Ar | temis. and a portion of the horn of the ’ altar, upon which was represented the destruction of the children of Niobe— a sculptured lelief of the middle of the fifth century EC. 1 The area surrounding the temples of Apollo and Artemis was entirely filled with other shrines, treasures and statues. Among the sanctuaries the most not*- wrorthy was one to the northeast of the i Artemislum. One of the heads of 1 Hecate, adorned with the ro6Cttc > studded headdress, cheeks still rosy i with well preserved paint and eVbs brilliant with a vitreous paste, gives us an astounding impression of life. From ■ an inscription found on the spot we are : • led to infer that the temple was erected in 107 as an offering of thanks to Ar mmis-Hecate for a victory of Emperor i Trajan. The eone to the south of the tcm ole 1 I and the altar of Apollo waW occupied I I by other temples: in addition to those: 1 1 sacred to Isis, to Apollo Musagetes. to • Apollo Ktistes, the dedicatory inscrip-, r tions of which attatt their construction i In ttw ksfaSii (gofihi recent; ing lot of applications we re ceive from men who want to do something, but have never done anything really well. It is time for some one to reprint and redistribute Elbert Hubbard’s “Message to Gar cia.” It tells, you remember, how President McKinley, when the Spanish War broke out. needed to get immediate wora to the leader of the Cuban in surgents. Gen. Garcia. Some one told the President that there was a man named Mai. A. 8. Rowan who could find Garcia. Mai. Rowan took the letter, askea no questions, sought no directions or advice, but quiet ly and promptly set sail for Cuba, made nts way through the wilderness and delivered the letter. Hubbard sang his praises. "Civilization is one long anx ious search for just such individuals,” he exclaimed. "Anything such a man asks shall be granted. He is wanted in every city, town and village —in every office, shop, store and factory. The world cries out for such; he is needed and needed badly—the man who can ‘Carry a Message to Garcia.’ ” I do not think that hu manity is inherently selfish or hard-boilea. I think there are many business men who would like to help their fel lows to better jobs or more business. But so few of those who want help have ever de livered anything. Now and then comes one who does deliver. And what a Joy it is to recommend him! (Copzrlsht, 1931.) excavations have brought to light two sanctuaries, with facades to the cast, to gether constituting the Plutonium. In the larger of these were found frag ments of a statue of Hades-Pluto, with head, hands and feet of marble, while the body of the divinity, the throne upon which he te seated and the figure of Cerberus standing near, are of vol canic rock. The style of the statue In dicates the Roman imperial time. In the other small temple, of similar arrangement but not constructed be fore the Roman age, was found a large female statue of marble representing a youthful deity, severely draped, and easily recognizable as a Persephone of the rare Greek type near the end of the fifth century B. C. Head of Agrippina. Behind the southern wall of the lit tle temple and evidently rolled there from a height was a splendid marble head of the famous Roman matron Agrippina the Elder, one of the finest portraits of the Age of Augustus. Another admirable head, in bronze, was discovered near the southwest cor ner of the Apollonium: it was the por trait of a victor in the sacred games, possibly of a Cyrenian sovereign, the style being that of an original dating from the middle of the fifth century B. C. Among these remains of religious edifices there were fountains fed by the great Spring of Apollo and stairways which ascended in a southerly direction toward the highest platform of the sanctuary. At the point where the Sacred Way turned toward the temples after pass ing the columnar entrance gateway we found an elegant fountain of Hel lenic construction, with its rectangular inclosure formed of square blocks. Victory Edifice Described. The most recent excavations in this area have brought to light a rectangu lar edifice, built against the wall of heavy blocks and evidently constructed between the fourth and third centuries B. C. ir. memory of a victory. With its ancient materials put back in place, we now can see It in its original aspect. It rises from a base of three steps; its front, toward the north, is adorned with a sculptured portal. In the in scription are preserved the names of three generals of Cyrene, who state that they dedicated this monument to Apollo it being a tenth part of the booty taken from the enemy. Above the doorway there must have been another inscrip tion, but it was cut away by a func tionary of the Emperor of Tiberius, a certain Sufenas Proculus. who had a ! new r dedication carved there, conse crating the monument to this sovereign At one end of the temple was a marble statue of Tiebrius, standing erect and holding a globe in his right hand. To the west of the votive monument we have discovered a hundred small tables for holding offerings, and minia ture altars made of volcanic stone, with dedications to various divinities super imposed on one another. Among these was a marble column upon which there was incised, in clear characters, an in scription of exceptional historical and political importance. This inscription transmits to us the will by the terms of which Ptolemy Euergetes 11, called Physcon, bequeathed to the Remans his kingdom. Cyrenaica, in case of his bdeath without legitimate heirs. This is the only one of the famous testaments tn favor of Rome, left by foreign kings, which has been preserved to our day The Fount of Apollo has been finally revealed as one of the most complex and the most suggestive of ancient wells. It is composed of an interior grotto of the Nymphs, which had been i artificially enlarged to more than 60 j feet in length. The entire surface of . the wall of rock surrounding the fount has been cut into stairways, niches and i grottoes of religious character, and on. i a ledge, far above, a wall of heavy cut stone blocks supported a road along which were the mo6t ancient of the tombs. Rock Dam Used. Below, at the fcot of the rock, a long wall of blocks or square form strengthened by two steps, was em ' ployed as a dam for the water from the hills and frem the rount; this was a munificent and grandiose dedicatory donation of a priest of Apollo in the i fourth or third century B.C. A road cut in the solid rock on the northeast flank of the Acropolis rises i from the Sanctuary of Apollo and leads j to the other great complex of ruins ! identified as the Agora, or public Htta the sanara la sam^ i by porticos, by public and sacred build* S ings erected during the Hellenic period, and the Roman Capitol in which was found the statue of Jupiter; the Tab ularium, in which the public acta were preserved, and the great portico that was consecrated to Jupiter Salvator, Rome and Augustus. Byzantine construction* had greatly altered the appearance of the most ancient edifices. Invading the area of the open Forum and concesling the great altars and the monuments in their Ticinlty. Noble Bandings Revealed. The demolition of the most objection able structures of Byzantine times has. through our most recent work, led to the uncovering of the ruins of the noblest buildings; with fragments gathered here and there and carefully put together it has been possible to restore the magnificent marble portal which adorned the rella of the Temple of Demeter, as well as the colonnade constituting the front of an edifice which, as shown by the Inscriptions, was destined as a place of worship for the imperial family. In addition to these remains we can reconstruct, in their former marble castng. three large altars similar to the one embellished by Philon in the sanctuary of Apollo. In s niche near the Temple of Demeter was discovered the famous column on which were carved the edicts cf Augustus for the administra tion of Cyrenalca. . On the boundary of the Agora has been identified the round altar of Demeter, and in the same place we have almost completely restored a circular edifice In which we can rec ognize the tomb of Battus of Thera, leader of the original colony and founder of Cyrene. Bingham Points Out Need For Additional Taxation (Continued From Third Page! taxation. When business is slack, em ployers may be forced to lay off many of their employes and put many others on part time or on lower wages. But the burden of taxes, except In so far as they are levied on net earnings, can not be avoided. This is the time to think carefully about the constant increase In govern mental expenditures. These expendi tures are influenced to a great degree by political and social considerations. And now we have the heavy demand for special expenditures in this time of unemployment. Since the money which is spent comes in large measure from those who are not directing this expenditure, since legislative and ad ministrative officials are virtually al ways spending other people’s money, it is difficult to economize and prac tice retrenchment. Popular represent atives are naturally more interested in devising popular ways of spending pub lic money than In denying the demand df those who want better schools, bet ter roads, better hospitals, more play grounds. more parks, more municipal entertainments. In the field of private business retrenchment comes swiftly and surely. In the field of government there Is not the same measure of up straint. Nearly every one likes to see^'-iffA 5 Government spend money on beaigiftfb roads, magnifleent Federal buildings, post offices, customs houses, great, ships, to carry our Flag across the oclanT helping farmers who have been dis tressed by drought or low prices for their products, giving pensions and' compensation to the veterans of our wars, seeing to it that they are proper ly taken care of in beautiful new hos pitals, and maintaining the dignity and representation of our country by promptly meeting our obligations whether they consist of salaries to Government employes or Interest on the public debt. But all these things . cost money. They cost a great deal of money. Some of them can be pared down, but no one suggests reducing ■ the Interest on the public debt by offer i ing to pay 3 per cent on a bond call ing for per cent. No one proposes to reduce pensions paid to the veterans of the Civil War or the Bpanish-Amer ican War or compensation allowances paid to disabled veterans of the Oreat War. Yet those items, the interest on the public debt and the payments to the veterans constitute more than $2,- i 200,000,000 or more than half of our ; total Federal expenditures. Tremendous Demands. On the other hand, a recent caller at the White House, representing the Veterans of Foreign Wars, urged upon , the President the immediate payment to the soldiers of compensation cer tificates which are not due for a num ber of years, and whose payment at this time would cause an immediate expendi ture of about two billion dollars. Not withstanding the fact that every one knows we are facing an annual deficit ; of about one billion dollars or more, there are tremendous demands that we indulge In a building program covering not only public buildings and roads, but other public works to the extent of ! five billion dollars; that we buy surplus grain and give it away to the tune of several hundred million dollars; that ; we help the banks to get rid of mort gages which they are carrying to the tune of two billion dallkrs. In other words, there are projects being urged upon us, through widespread propa ganda and considerable public interest, which would call for the raising within the next 12 months, in addition to our normal expenditures, of a sum not far from ten thousand million dollars, or. to put It differently, of ten billion dollars. No one proposes that ,we raise this by taxation. The gentlemen who want us to spend all this money sug gest that it can all be borrowed, and therefor will not increase taxes. I wonder if any one believes that. I wonder If any one thinks the money which the Government spends does not eventually come out of the pockets of the tax payers? Even supposing that it were possible to float in these days of fear and depression a loan of ten billion dollars to cover these worthy projects, we certainly could not do so without offering to pay at least 4 per cent. In fact. Liberty bonds today cannot be sold at that rate. It is nearer 4Vi per cent. But even supposing the rate were 4 per cent, the annual cost to the tax payer of interest on this new public debt would be four hundred million dol lars, or more than a million dollars a day. We are already running behind to the tune of about three million dol lars a day. and the adoption of these proposals would simply Increase our deficit by another one million dollars a day. Where is it going to stop? How are we going to stop it? What are we going to do about it? Are we going to borrow billions and push a still heavier burden onto the shoulders of our children and the next generation? If not, must we not increase the income tax all up and down the line, lower the brackets and raise the rates even though everybody’s Income has been serously diminished? Should we not impose a selective /ales tax on things which we all like to use and enjoy like automobiles and radios? Whv not try to And new sources of taxation and by modifying the Volstead act. so far as it can be modified under the Constitution, permitting the manu facture and sale of good 4 per cent beer from which statisticians believe we might easily derive an additional rev enue of $200,000,000 to help meet the deficit? How far are we willing to go In cutting down governmental expendi ture’ We have been doing a lot of ' costly building, magnifleent new school houses in which one every takes pride, new State, municipal and Federal build ings We are urged to spend even more on these projects. Where Is the money to come from? Have Been on Grand Spree. " Here are some of the problems, my good friends, who have been patiently listening to a very serious talk this eve ning here are some of the problems which face all citizens interested In promoting the welfare of their Govern ment They do not concern Washington alone They concern every Btate capital, every county sent and every city and town in the United 6tates. The trouble | is we have been increasing our public t» m M m feMffi i * Manchuria, Asia's Tinderbox « Continued From First Page > _ Japan had established herself in Manchuria six years before the birth of the Chinese republic Her victory over Russia in 1903 had left Japan not only in possession of the entire Korean peninsula—that swordlike strip of land menacing the very heart of Japan—but also, through the ownership of the South Manchurian Railway, in prac tical control of the whole of south Manchuria to all administrative and economic ends. There is no doubt that at that, time the final goal of Japanese policy was the complete incorporation of the region and Its potential wealth into the Japa nese empire. More than one repre sentative Japanese statesman frankly admitted that much to me while pro testing that this was no longer Japan's goal. One of them was Ambassador I. Juln. who had been my colleague In Peiping and later had been Ambassador to Rome when I was at the head of the Italian Foreign Office. Policy Apparently Continvea. Nothing strange Indeed if Japan thought for a while of repeating in Manchuria her earlier and successful Korean policy. Social conditions and political events seemed for a while In favor of such a policy, first because of the decadence and corruption of the last years of the Manchu dynasty and then, after its overthrow, because of the dissensions and elvil wan of the republican era. The World War offered the military party In Japan a golden occasion—so they thought—for Japan to assert her self. In 1915, when the military situa tion of the entente appeared most un favorable. the Japanese cabinet pre sented the Peiping government with the famous 21 demands, which, had China accepted them, would have put not only Manchuria but the whole country under a sort of Japanese pro tectorate. American pressure, combined with Britlah-Franco-Itallan pressure, forced Japan to withdraw her demands. But deep resentment was aroused in the hearts of the Chinese people. More than 12 years later In distant Chinese places I heard words of bitter hatred at the recollection of those demands. But where the frontal attack had failed, flank attacks were successful for a while. Russia secretly joined Japan In order to weaken any govern ment that China might establish. A policy of "peaceful penetration” throughout South Manchuria seemed to make the absorption only a matter of time. Japan appeared to have the whole. field to herself since the disas trous dissensions among Chinese leaders had put any power of resist ance out of the question. Shattered Dream Explained. What then shattered Japan’s proud dream? This, simply this: The anony mous passive force of resistance of the seemingly inorganic Chlneae masses. It was yesterday—three centuries ago Is a mere yesterday in the annals of China—that Manchuria waa a savage land beyond the sacred frontier of the Oreat Wall. It was in 1644 that the Ching, then lords of Mukden, crossed the antiquated barrier of the Great Wall and installed themselves on the Imperial throne In Peking. But China m very recent years has taken her revenge—a slow revenge in the true Chinese way. Today Manchuria ,4s peopled by about 24,000,000 inhabi tants, of whom 99 per cent are pure Chinese or descendants of old Man chus who have become quite “China fled.” In fact, in China the conquerors from the North have always been absorbed. The successive waves of Tungualc con querors thickly peopled what are now the most Chinese of all the Chinese prov inces, Chihli and Bhantung. Since it is from over-populated Shantung that most of the recent Manchurian Immi grants have come, this means that the great tide of migration rolling north ward into Manchuria is merely a return of the descendants of the conquerors of long ago. But with this difference: The conquerors had left Manchuria as Manchus and their descendants are re turning as pure Chinese. This fact la worth being pointed out as an apologue in these childish days of nationalistic drunkenness. Mancha Memories Scant. In present Manchuria nothing re mains of the old Manchu language; only on the tombs of the Pe-Llng near Mukden, where sleep the founders of the late Ching dynasty, can ancient me morial inscriptions In Manchu still be found. But nobody in Manchuria Is able to read them any more. They were translated to me by an old Italian missionary; no other living man in Manchuria, so I was told, was able to translate them. The Great Wall alone —from which Japanese soldiers are piously taking bricks to sell to Japanese scholars at home —remains as a gigantic snake running from the mountains to the Yellow Sea and marks the line which used to divide China proper from Manchuria. But the silent inexhausti ble labor of the Chinese peasants has succeeded where emperors failed. It has leveled all and overcome all. The Japanese are susceptible to sud den enthusiasms and to just as sudden depressions. In the first years of their Manchurian policy everybody In Japan went crazy with the mania of agricul tural or industrial enterprise In Man churia. It was. it seemed, a sort of pa triotic duty. We must acknowledge that everything Impelled the Japanese to their effort—the impossibility of find ing outlets In the United States and even less in Australia; the scanty suc cess of Japanese emigration to South America and even, for reasons of cli mate, to their own Formosa; the prox imity of Manchuria’s fertile plains, and last, but Important, the patriotic ardor of seizing the hilt of that sword pointed against Japan—Korea. This enthusiasm continued until facts became too hard for even the wannest Nippon patriotism. Move Not All Favorable. If I can rely on reports I have Just received from Japan I should be tempt ed to say that the military action start ed In Manchuria during recent weeks Is far from winning the unanimous sup port of Japanese settlers in that land. The Japanese who settled In the three Manchurian provinces have ended by i learning at their cost what perhaps has not yet been grasped by the feudal and military leaders in Japan. The Japa nese had bought farms to be worked Under their direction by imported Chi nese labors Little by little. In practically every case, the laborers ended by be been increasing our national wealth and our national Income. We have been on a grand spree. We have got to take some bitter medicine. We have got to go without a lot of things which we have been accustomed to have. We have got to pay some taxes that we would like to avoid. In the solution of these prob lems we need the patriotic thought and common sense of the great American public. The sooner we realise that public expenditures must be radically reduced, some unpleasant taxes must be restored and the burden of the next generation must not be mode heavier than it can bear, the sooner will we see a return to the days of self-respect and happiness. Above all let us not lose faith In our country. I believe in the future of i America. I believe In the honesty and Integrity and patriotism of the citizen* of the United States. I believe that the citizens of no other nation have so much ingenuity, so much skill, so much self-reliance, so much common sense. It is true we were guilty of over-optimism. It is true we expected that our orgy of expenditure end speculation ooukl go on indefinitely. We are learning a bitter lesson. «ut ...at is no reason why we should lose faith in our country and its institutions and its citiacns. Let us face the facts liks men, not trying to blame some one else for our faults, but! looking squarely at the problem which• is before us. Let us have faith in Amer-1 SC «uc paofte J*^ coming the masters. The Japanese wanted quick profits: the Chinese went content to esm a livelihood. The Japa nese wanted bright, attractive dwellings; the Chinese lived huddled on top of one another in shanties. The Japanese clung to their daily bath, above all. they clung to the love of appearances, that great strength and weakness of their nations character, while the Chinese continued to live and work like slave*, their only hope a dim and distant future. Moreover, great numbers of Japa nese were overcome with nostalgia: in the dreary yellow plains of Manehurl* homesickness for their cheerful Japa nese landscapes soon became physical : Illness. There is no doubt indeed but i that the psychological and esthetic impressions—essential with a people so artistically gifted as the Japans^— work against the rise of a popular itfCa for Manchuria. Japanese Proud of Dairen. For instance, the Japanese are very proud of Dairen, the spotless town, which technically and commercially is the masterpiece of Japan in Manchurig: but Dairen has no place In the hears* of the Japanese. They arc proud ot m as of an American achievement. Bui -• they say with a sigh—it lacks tamashi. Tamaahl Is an untranslatable and ex quisite Japanese word which msans more or less heart and soul. How can a modem town with no old temples and no centennial trees have any tamashi? Moreover, a recent experience has taught the Japanese merchants in Manchuria (since practically speaking there are no more Japanese farmers! a lesson. I mean the consequences of th« Shantung operation in 1928. In May, 1928, Japan had sent troops to Tsinan, the capital of Shantung, to “protect" her colony there, just as she has now sent them to various parts of churls. Then, as now. she did so in defiance of Nanking’s protests. But her action was not unreasonable, as probably It is not unreasonable now, in view of the lawless state of the country and of the fact that the Nationalist Chinese troops were the aggressors, os it is not Impossible that they have been now. (No Inquiry 01 any League of Nations will ever be able to find out , the truth. For example, whgg impor tance should be given to recent speeches and tracts from young Chinese officers telling their men that, as the Japanese soldiers for many years had had no practice in actual warfare while the Chinese were having such practice in their Innumerable civil wars, the Chinese could easily de feat the Japanese. Impudent and foolish vanity, or dangerous provoca tion? It is impossible to say). But what did the Japanese gain by remaining for more than a year in control of Tsinan and of the railway to Tstngtau? Simply this: The Chinese organized a widespread boycott which lasted for a long period and inflicted tremendous losses on Japanese trade. Perhaps the leaders of the military party in Japan are too lofty to deign to take Into account the sufferings endured directly or indirectly by the Japanese during the last two or three years of Chlna T s commercial hostility; but their humbler compatriots who know that their living depends on the good will of their Chinese customers have not forgotten. The civilians in Japan have learned, even if the Japanese military leaders have not, that It does not pay to shoot their best customers. Chinese Chongs Little. Far from me to assert that the Chinese politicians are right in start ing a struggle which can only be won by generations of discipline and national union. Their inflammatory speeches against the "dwarf slaves” of Japan make one fear that, like the Bourbons, the Chinese government, be it monarchical or republican, has learned nothing and forgotten nothing But, on the other hand, more than one fact has come to my knowledge which obliges me to admit that the heads of the military party In Japan have been only too glad to grasp an opportunity, a pretense to start a mili taristic adventure, and that nothing has pleased them more than the provoca tions of the Nanking leaders and the foolish, arrogant talk of some returned students. The Japanese military party is evidently looking for an occasion to intoxicate once more the Japanese na tion, which otherwise might detach Itself more and more from the old myths upon which the empire has been built. Political Motive Seen. If some day we are forced to admit that a real danger of war exists in Japan, this much we will know: That it Is not a spirit of war for the sake of the fatherland, but a daring at tempt to stop the growing movement of the Japanese masses toward a regime of democracy and of social Justice. We also shall know that this action of a party, in spite of their bombastic patri otic words, will be a crime against the •.. permanent, supreme interests of Japan. It is impossible to win China through 1 fighting. China is like a gigantic rub ber ball—she undergoes all the pres sures. all the shocks. But as soon as the pressure relaxes the rubber ball at once returns to its previous form. I have already told in a recent book of mine a typical example of the as tounding Chinese certainties. It was in Japan in the last years of the Man chu dynasty. While we were walking together on the Japanese beach of Kamakura, the famous exile Kang Yu-wet tokl me; "I almost hope that these little Nippons (and how full of contempt his words were) are going to conquer my China, to destroy the rotten Manchu dynasty and put in its place their own Emperor. He will settle In the Forbidden City, be will officiate at the temple of heaven—and It will look like a sacrilege. But in two or three generations his sons and all his Japan ese will become Chinese and arm be proud of being Chinese.” Goethe’s Anniversary To Be Observed in 1932 BERLIN, Germany.—The program of special events in connection with the "Goethe year” In Munich will Include the founding on March 22, 1982, on the 100th anniversary of the poet’s death, of the "Goethe Institute for German Language Abroad.” Its purpose Is to assist foreign teachers and other friends of German culture abroad to learn or perfect their knowledge of German during their stay in Munich. The Bavarian state theaters win, ing 1932, produce Goethe’s “Urgn‘_V “Egmont” and “Faust” (first part) in a new setting. The Residence Theater will give "Iphigenie.” Stella,” “Tasso,” “The Fellow Sinners” and "Oesch wister ” The Schauspielhsuz will pro duce “The Triumph of Sensitiveness,” with music by Ernest Krenek. AUTOGRAPHS of Celebrities BOUGHT FOR CASH HIGHEST FUCKS PAID for original letters and documents signed by Pres!- a. dents of the United States, famous authors, generals, statesmen and other no tables. Letters of Wash intgon, Jefferson, Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson and Edgar Allan Poe particularly wanted. Look through that old hair trunk in the attic! Your family papers may yield a fortune! Let me know what you have. Your letter win bring an interesting reply. THOMAS F. MADIGAN gitobliihed lift 2 East 54th St, Cm. Sth Avs. k New Varik . WLi ... T . ;J. •• - : #A2. Ji\ .. ..