Evening star. [volume], December 09, 1931, Page A-8, Image 8

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
gTHE EVENING STAR
WASHINGTON, D. C.
.WBDNEBDAT. .December ®, 1081
fcHBODORE W. NOTES. .. .Editor
Rm Evening Star Newspaper Company
Business office
11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave.
New York Office 110 East 42nd St.
Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building.
European Office 14 Regent 1R.. London.
England.
Bate by Carrier Within the City.
The Evening Star. 45c per month
The Evening and Sunday Star I
(when 4 Sundays).00c per month
The Evening and Sunday War
(when S Sundays) .-*5c per month
The Sunday Star . ...Sc >er copy
Collection made at the end ot each month
Orders may be sent In by mall or telephone
KAtlonal 5000. _
Bate by Mail—Payable in Advance.
Maryland and Virginia.
Dally and Sunday.1 yr.. S10 00 1 no., |6c
Daily only .1 yr.. if 00: 1 mo . 80c
Sunday only .1 yr.. *4 00; 1 mo.. 40c
All Other State* and Canada.
Dally and Sunday . 1 yr . 112 00: 1 mo . 11 00
Dally ioly .1 yr.. tl.OO: 1 mo . 75c
Sunday only .1 yr.. to 00; 1 mo.. 50c
Member ot the Associated Prea*.
The Aeaoctated Press Is exclusively entitled
to the use for republlcatton of all news dis
patches credited to It or not otherwise cred
ited In tens paper and glao the local news
published herein All rights of publication of
gpecial dispatches herein are also reserved.
The District Budget.
The District of Columbia estimates
for 19S3, sent to Congress today, repre
sent an excellent job of trimming grow
ing needs to match a slim purse. The
Commissioners have kept their requests
to a figure that is $1,600,000 below cur
rent appropriations, thereby accom
plishing the modern marvel of a re
duced budget. They have included many
Items representing important and es
sential improvements, provided for the
normal maintenance of the municipal
establishment and liave confined the
total to an amount that can be raised
without Increasing the local tax burden.
This is in line with the sentiment of
the community, which is opposed to an
Increase in the local tax burden un
less coupled with an Increase, long
Since past due. In the Federal contribu
tion toward meeting a fair share of the
expenses of the Federal City.
Two of the many Items in the 1933
estimates are of particular interest to
Washingtonians. These concern the
Schools and the Municipal Center.
The schools, generally speaking, are
Well provided for. But there has been
a drastic cut of $1,624,000 under cur
rent appropriations for buildings and
grounds. This means a reduction of
nearly $2,000,000 under the amount re
quested by the Board of Education.
Only $95,000 has been included for the
purchase of one site for a new school,
although the Board of Education asked
for $828,000. Does this mean that
after several years of notable progress
in school building construction the city
is to witness a step backward that will
bring a repetition of the evils of over
crowding, Just now beginning to be
cured? Does the elimination of such
a large fund requested for new school
sites mean that the Board of Educa
tion and the school authorities. Instead
of looking ahead and planning in ad
vance for school growth, will be forced
to demonstrate the need for expansion
by pointing to wretched and acute
conditions of overcrowdisg as they
come into existence? Is no new school
building justified until the old one U
disgracefully unfit?
Because of the anomalous method
of preparing a budget for a city in
accordance with the system for pre
paring the national budget, the tax
payers of Washington are deprived of
toe knowledge of where the cuts for
school buildings and grounds have been
made. What has been eliminated re
mains a dark mystery. The taxpayers
will have no way of knowing what
Items were cut out except by studying
those that remain. Judgment on the
wisdom of the cuts for school build
ings and grounds must be reserved,
therefore, until Dr. Ballou's annual
analysis of the school budget that will
be made for the enlightenment of the
citizens some time this month.
The cut in school estimates for build
ings and grounds can be viewed, how
ewer. in relation to the appropriation
of $1,500,000 requested for continuing
development of the Municlpel Center,
In their estimate* for the Budget Bu
reau the Commissioners asked for the
Municipal Center the sum of $2,000,000
*—this money to represent part of the
Federal share toward this project due
on account of the loss to the District
et Its present Municipal Building. The ;
Budget Bureau eliminated the item be-!
cause of the lack of legislation commit- I
Bng the Federal Government to such |
payment. The $1 600.000 remaining
will come out of the general fund of
the District.
There has been appropriated for the
Municipal Center up to this time a total j
of $7,400,000, and the present estimates
Will swell this total to $#.000,000. This j
money represenu leas than half of the ;
contemplated total cost of a project
ppon which the District is embarking i
Without any guarantee of any of the |
extra and special assistance from the
Federal Qovemment that Its nature de
mands. Is it not time for some definite
guarantee of aid from the Federal Gov
eminent9 Can this city, straining to
Beep its ordinary requirements to the
level of Inadequate revenue availability. |
afford to plunge deeper Into this almost
wholly national undertaking without
receiving that guarantee of definite and
equitable aid from the Federal Govern
ment commuting us to it? This session
of Oocgress should not pass without that
guarantee.
The British ha ■ e a new tank that can
■wtm river*. The next will perhaps be
a submarine that, like an alligator, can
emerge and crawl across sn Isthmus.
Getting George's Goat.
“The Sons of the Wild Jackass" have
lakes a kick, a swift one, at the Senator
from New Hampshire, George H Moaea,
Who made caustic remarks about their
progenitors a year or so ago. It was
■heir first opportunity to relieve their
feelings by a vote in the Senate. Twelve
Republican Senators and one Parmer
taborite, who usually votes with the
Republican majority, oast their votes
ggainst Mr. Moaea for re-election as
Rrerident pro tempore of the Senate,
an office for which the New Hampshire
Senator seem* to have a fondness. The
action of the Republican Progressives
Worn the West In this matter has
effectually settled the question regard
ing the possibility of Mr. Moses' rt
elecSkcsL The count on the three ballots
supporter*.’ Ttas other thirteen vote*, cost
br the Mom apposition, ware scattered.
A* K taka* a majority of the vote cast
to elect, so election was had. Under a
resolution of the Senate adopted yean
ago a President pro tempore remains
until his successor Is actually elected.
Senator Moses, therefore, can retain
his present office, provided the Senate
finds itself unable to break the dead
lock. But he holds on by virtue of a
deadlock only and not because he can
command a majority vote or the support
of anything like of a majority of his
own party in the Senate.
Whether any effort will be made by
Senator Moses and his friends to re
taliate remains to be seen. The New
Hampshire Senator intimated, if he did
not threaten, that measures of retalia
tion might be applied when the time
arrives to vote for the chairmen of
Senate committee*, chairmanships now
held by Progressive Republican* In
considerable part.
The slew in the Senate over the
office of President pro tempore, is. after
all, only another aymptom of a bad sit
uation which has existed among the
Republicans for a number of years, a
situation which has threatened to spilt
the Q. O. P. wide open on numerous
occasions. It had its twin, on a smaller
scale, In the House on Monday, when
five Republican Progressives from Wis
consin declined to vote for Representa
tive Snell of New York, the Republic
an candidate for Speaker, and cast
their ballots for Representative Schnei
der, a Progressive Republican. The
contrast which the warring of the Re
publicans makes to the harmony on the
Democratic side in the Senate and the
House does not augur well for future
Republican success.
Hindenburg’* Firm Hand.
President von Hindenburg will stand
no nonsense from Herr Hitler, who is
now strutting across the German atage
as if he were already the anointed heir
apparent of the Berlin government.
Coincident with a decree ordaining
drastic cuts in wages, rents, Interest,
retail prices and public utility rates,
as a further attempt to grapple with
the economic crisis, the Reich author
ities warn Fascism that any effort to
overthrow the existing regime will
precipitate martial law. The Hitlerites
must live up literally to their leader's
pledge that power is sought only
through constitutional means. If any
of his minions thrust for it by other
methods, they will find themselves faced
by a Hindenburg line, 1931 model, and
one prepared to offer them resistance
and no mercy.
It was through Chancellor Bruening.
addressing the nation over the radio
last night, that the government showed
Its teeth. Obviously the German au
thorities are moved to promulgate their
stern policy by the brazen assertions
which recently fell from Herr Hitler's
lips. The chancellor takes due note
of the Fascist chief's own protestations
of purely constitutional intentions, but
notes also open threats by some of his
subleaders that the Brown Shirts would
not shrink from seizing office by force.
As to that, Dr. Bruening declares, "the
government is determined to employ
every means, even to a state of siege,
against anybody attempting to hinder
the constitutional organs in fulfillment
of their functions." The chancellor
adds: "Promises of legal procedure are
valueless if it is admitted that they
are binding only until the moment of
assumption of power,” This may be
a reference to earlier Hitler boasts that
when Fascism is enthroned at Berlin
"some heads may have to roll in the
sand."
The Hindenburg line at the moment
stretches along two fronts- the one oc
cupied by the Hitlerites and the one
presented by Germany's colossal debt
problem. While the Reich's emissaries
at Basel are trying to convince the
World Bank experts of Germany's bit
ter need for a new period of grace on
*3,000,000.000 of short-term credits
falling due early in 1932. the Hinden
burg-Bruenlng government 1* tackling
internal financial chaos In hammer
and-tongs fashion. Yesterday’s emer
gency decree appoints a “price dicta
tor" empowered to hammer down liv
ing costs arbitrarily in all directions.
The decree la termed “the only
means" of preventing the German
economic house from collapse. Wages
are to come down 10 per cent; prices
of coal, iron and public utilities are
reduced; rents will fall from 10 to 12
per cent, and Interest on public and
private obligations Is slashed 25 to 60
per cent of present rates To arrest
the flight of capital, a 25 per cent tax
will be levied on the property of any
citlsen who attempts to remove assets
from Germany. Germans living sbroad
for tax-dodging purposes and who re
fuse to return within four months will
be heavily taxed and subject to impris
onment when they do return.
President von Htn den burg is proceed
ing on Orover Cleveland's principle that
it is a condition, and not a theory,
which Germany faces. Being an ex
ceedingly grave condition, he has decided
to resort to heroic measures to meet
It. The outside world, believing In the
sincerity of the Bruenlng government, j
wishes It well In its desperate effort to ;
avert disaster.
The latest Is dancing parties the ad
mission fee to which U a bundle of old
clothes. Judging by the emanations of
grief from some communities, if such
affairs were held therein with an Iden
tical charge, it would be Impossible for
any one to attend thg ball.
— ■— -1 — m »- ■ «'■ "■
New Comtruction.
The Commissioners have been able to
Include In their economy budget for
1933 an encouraging amount of new
construction work. The bridge replace-)
ment program, fortunately, goes for-;
ward as planned, and if tkje Congress
appropriates on the basts of the esti
mates the fiscal year 1933 will witness
the construction of a new bridge over;
the Eastern Branch to replace the Ban
ning Bridge, the beginning of construe-!
tiou work on a new "P Street Bridge"
over Rock Creek and the preparation of
plans and estimates for a new bridge
to rv>lac* the Calvert street span. The
two last-named Items are of particular
importance. There will be great In
terest In connection with the new PI
Street Bridge, as it marks another
stage of progress in connection with
the broad scheme of development of
the Rock Creek-Potomac parkway proj
ect. The replacement of the Calvert
Street Bridge, a structure built during
fee boras and earriage era and now
modern traffic, will be of great benefit.
In tercet will also attach to the Item
far $35,000 to oorer the oaot of a survay
of the Roek Creek drainage problem l
This relatively snail sum will probably
Introduce an expensive and lengthy
plan for the elimination of sewage
from Rock Creek, now polluted by waste
from the District and from Maryland.
Maryland has shown a willingness and
desire to co-operate in removing its por
tion of the pollution by the construe- I
tkm of sewers to the District line,
eventually to connect with the Dis
trict's system. While there has been
hesitancy on the part of officials to un
dertake the costly work of removing
pollution from Rock Creek, the growth
of the city within and beyond the Dis
trict is rapidly making such a step
mandatory. Along with this survey of
the Rock Creek problem serious study
should be given to the kindred problem
of removing pollution from the Potomac !
River by an adequate disposal plant—
another difficult objective, but one that
should be sought.
Completion in 1933 of the work of
widening Constitution avenue, a project
that is rightfully being financed Jointly
between the District of Columbia and
the Federal Government because of its
status as a part of the Arlington Me
morial Bridge plan, Is promised in the
current estimates, as well as construc
tion of the Georgetown Branch Library,
at Wisconsin avenue and R atreet, prep
aration of the site for which was pro
vided for in the last appropriation bill.
Monkey-business In Manchuria during
the past few years would tend to make
most of us view with little alarm the
re-elevatlon of "Mr, Pu Yi,” kicked off
when a mere child, to the throne of his
ancestors. After all, there are far
worse things than a fairly good em
peror, especially one who has been on
extended ‘ leave of absence."
Charming Pollock, critic and play- j
Wright, In predicting the collapse of
the theater, calls attention to neigh
boring metropolitan stages housing at
one time ‘‘a dirty French farce, two
burlesque shows, two nude revues and
a flea circus.” Shakespeare Is fast be
coming an antiseptic and deodorant,
as well as a classic.
The great and famous Church of the
Redeemer In Moscow has Anally been
blasted into ruins to make way for the
Palace of the Soviets. The only com
parable example, in the minds of most
Americans, would be a hostess who re
placed her dinner table floral center
piece with the garbage pail.
King Boris of Bulgaria, already re
ceiving the smallest salary of any
crowned head, cuts It down himself
by some 16 per cent. Perhaps if more
European kings had thought of simi
lar small economies more would be in
their own palaces today Instead of
somewhere In France.”
Bundles and scrolls of those “cannot
possibly pay” figures are now such a
regular feature of every meeting of the
German Parliament that It may be
that such will eventually be compon
ents of the design of its official mace,
just as the conventionalised bundle of
rods Is In our Government.
The great trouble Is that when one
partakes of viands "smothered in
onions” he passes on the condition to
all with whom he comes In close social
contact.
SHOOTING STABS.
»Y PHILANDER JOHNSON.
*• Appreciated VerbalUt
My Uncle Jim he like* to start
A general debate.
It warms the cockles of his heart
To stand up and orate.
He'll quote a rod or so of prose,
And several yards of rhyme,
And reel off anythin* that goes
To pass away the time.
It's said we have too many laws.
There might be even more
If he did not compel a pause
When he demands the floor.
We haven't always understood
HU sentences sublime;
But mebbe he has done some good
By harmless use of time.
Unsatisfying DbUnctions.
“Are you a favorite son?’’
“No,” replied Senator Sorghum. "And
I don't want to be one. A favorite son
stands about the same chance these
days as the man who thinks he Is be
loved for the enemies he has made.”
What a small boy gets for Christmas
depends a great deal on the line of me
chanical toys his father finds amusing
Sense of Self-Approval.
My mood is a long way from surly,
And life seems entlrsly a joks.
I heeded the motto, "Shop early,”
And now I am happy, though broke.
Gentle Intimation.
“Josh,” said Parmer Corntossel,
earnestly, “every year when the frost
sets In you come back home askin’ how
soon dinner will be ready.”
“Yes, father. And you haven’t failed
to receive me as the prodigal son.”
“No. But I want you to revUe your
schedule and change your season. I
want you to quit cornin’ as the prodigal
son an’ see If you can’t drop In once
In a while as a regular payin' Summer
boarder.”
The Voice at Disappointment.
"It's easy to pick the horse that ought
to win a race."
"Ye* The thing that requires intelli
gence and discernment Is to keep from
betting on him."
Ne Middle Ground.
"Wouldn't you be willing to take less
than the price you have put on that
painting?"
"Yea." replied the artist. "But I've
got to ask a whole lot for It In order to
keep people from thinking It Isn't worth
anything at all."
Back to Nature.
I wish that I could )as’ take root
In some warm spot an' grow,
An' nebber hab to worry none
Because de cash run low.
I wouldn't be no fancy palm
A-*tandin’ In a dish;
I wish dat I was growin' wild—
Da’s what I wish.
“Two ob de tireaomest sights on dis
yearf," said Uncle Cben, "1* a pore man
portendin' te be rich an’ a rich men
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.
Decoration of the exterior wall of a
chimney facing on an inclosed aun
porch sometimes is a problem to the
amateur home decorator.
Here is where a big map comae in.
Nothing will so set off the blank
bricks as a map, preferably of the gen
eral section »f the country where one
Uvea.
A map of Washington and vicinity,
for Instance, |a Just the thing to give a
wanted touch of distinction to an
otherwise uninteresting expanse.
Even If thfc bricks are fine-looking
bricks, they do not offer much in the
way of intrigue. And it would seem
that everything.ought to Intrigue nowa
days. I \
if the bricks are plain, everyday fel
lows, without Chic as It were, some
thing must be done about them, of
course, from the decorator's stand
point. •
* * * *
A large flag nuty t>e used lor this pur
pose. but many people have scruples
against using the national banner for
decorative material only.
Banners of other sorts give a Juvenile
look to what Is, in most homes, a rather
gay room, anywiy, with light mgs and
painted furniture.
Elaborate decorative maps, such as
one may purchase everywhere, will do
veTy nicely, but, even they seem too
living-room-ish.
A large simple map of an entire ter
ritory somehow gives just the right
"feel,” so essential In the business of
decoration, which Is a sophisticated
business, after all.
Use Is ever kept in mind In proper
decoration. Just as the old wing chairs
had wings to keep drafts off people who
sat In them, so honest usage still plays
» large part in decorative value.
* ± -ir ±
Even a map used for decoration ought
to be put to use now and then.
No map will meet this test quite as
well as a big one showing the entire
territory in and around the great city
in which one lives.
Out-of-town visitors, especially, will
find it Interesting to be able to see just
how tfiey entered the National Capital
and what streets they took to arrive at
their destination.
The family itself will And auch a
map an ever-ready aid in settling the
constant arguments which come up
about the location of various thorough
fares and points in and about the city
The suburban dweller will find such
a map a necessity, to orient himself
and to grasp readily his location In
reference to other communities.
♦ * *
All this is foreigm, however, to the
main purpose of such a map in such a
position, which is simply that of deco
ration.
The blank side of a chimney, no mat
ter how fine a job it may be as brick
laying. still strikes many people as un
interesting.
Now a map is interesting.
Cartography Is one of the oldest sci
ences. Men have been me king maps
ever since they learned* to hoist a sail
and go r anilng •
A* u wising a standard In the name
of their country explorers found their
next important Job was to make a chart
of their surroundings and Journeys
therein. ",
Hence today every man, with the least
sense of adventure In his blood will And
something Interesting about a map.
Maps represent humanity even more
than they do terrain.
Maps show where men are and how
they got there, how they jgo there and
the roads they must take to come back.
A large map of a limited territory,
even, laid off at the rate of 2 Inches to
the mile, or thereabouts, will reveal a
vast quantity of unexplored, even un
settled, ground.
' ... ■" ■■■■ ■ 1 --
Became one bowls along charted
roads la no sign that he knows the ter
ritory he runs through. A few mo
ments’ study of a good—and large—
map will ahow him his really vast Igno
rance. He will discover the names of
villages and cross-roads he never heard
of. meet streams and mills hitherto un
known to him, although he may have
lived within 10 or 20 miles of them all
his life. He will, as the result of half
an hour’s study of his map, pick up a
fund of Information which will be valu
able to him.
Hung on the chimney, as It runs
through the inclosed porch, a good map
will answer many a question, besides
being an interesting and colorful addi
tion to the decorative scheme.
To be of value, the map must be hung
so that it will be easily read by the
average person standing in front of it.
Sections likely to be of most interest
to the householder and his friends
preferably should come on a line with
the eye.
The map should be so placed that by
standing on tiptoe, if one is of average
height, the observer may see every part
of it easily. Nor should it be hung so
low that one must sit on the floor to
examine the lower sections.
* * * *
The physical hanging of the map may
be done best by using adhesive plaster
in the half-inch width. This plaster,
or tape, may be secured at any drug
store.
The idea is to frame the map with it
at the same time the chart is affixed to
the bricks by its means.
In carrying out this idea it is well to
measure the map in relation to the
chimney surface and to "center” the
chart according to one's taste in such
things.
There probably had better be more
space between the bottom of the map
and the floor than between the top and
the ceiling.
Do not attempt to frame the map
with long strips of adhesive plaster be
fort getting it centered on the chim
ney. If this is attempted the map
hanger will find himself in the difficult
position of an amateur paper hanger,
than which nothing is more difficult,
a * * *
Here is the way to do it:
Have some one hold the map in posi
tion on the side of the chimney, and
then mark with a pencil the two upper
corners.
Now remove the map, and cut eight
strips of plaster about 6 to 8 inches
long.
Have the assistant hold the map in
position again, and, taking one strip,
paste it along the upper left-hand top,
allowing about a quarter of an inch to
protrude. Half of the width of the
tape goes on the map. of course, and the
outer half on the chimney.
Now the same procedure is done with
the right-hand upper top. This will
permit the assistant to be dispensed
with, as the map now hangs by itself.
.The side pieces are next placed along
the sides at the two upper corners. Now
the lower corners are framed in, care
being taken to smooth out the map
carefully, and to see that it is as taut
as possible.
Strips slightly longer and wider than
the map are cut next, and these framed
along the entire sides, covering the
preliminary shorter strips.
In this way the map is held securely
and framed at the same time. Since
adhesive plaster is meant to be pulled
loose, it may be removed at any time,
with a little care, and no harm has
been done to the chimney. In Winter,
as a matter of fact, it may pull loose in
places. If the sunporch Is unheated.
These may be pressed back readily. Do
not follow every unevenness in pressing,
but press only on the flat brick surfaces.
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS
BY FREDERIC WILLIAM riLE.
It Isn't because the Job of President
pro tern, of the Senate carries with it
either glory or power that time was
wasted over It at the outset of the
new session. What is at stake is the
question whether the Republican reg
ulars or the Republican Progressives
shall rule the Senate roost—whether,
•in bther words, the dog shall wag the
tail or the tall wag the dog The
O. O. P. high command is bent upon
determining as soon as possible to just
what extent the “sons of the wild
jackass” are capable of hamstringing
the Republican organization |n the
Senate. At the Progressive confer
ence in Washington last March there
was loud talk about the balance of
power which Senator Norris and his
cohorts would wield In the upper
branch of Congress. If they cap pre
vent a majority vote for Senator Moses
and force the election of somebody else
as President pro tern., the Progressives
will start out in the Seventy-second
Congress as victors. The post to which j
Moses would cling Is devoid of real
authority and does not rank high as an
honor, gut it is i symbol that the
party to which the occupant belongs
is boss of the chamber. Hence, the
Republicans’ struggle to keep the sage
of Concord on the rostrum.
* * * *
Though their margin of superiority
is numerically slim, the House Demo
crats will evidently stand no nonsense
from the Republican minority. They
served notice to that effect on Monday,
before Jack Garner's speakership was
15 minutes old. Representative Hawley
of Oregon, on behalf of the Republican
caucus, had just presented its slate for
clerk, sergeant at arms, doorkeeper aad
postmaster of the House. Unmistak- j
ably in the hope that a separate vole '
for each official might accidentally re
sult in a Republican selection here or
there, Hawley sought a roll call on in
dividuals instead of on the slate. Repre
sentative Rainey of Illinois, who'd only ,
a moment before become Democratic
majority leader, objected lnstanter. “We ,
are all going to be In our seats." the
white-haired, Romanesque Illinoisan
shot back, "as far as we are concerned.
We will have no difficulty in keeping
the Democrats present. We have a
clear majority, so why not proceed In
the usual way?" Hawley got the point
and withdrew his proposal without
further ado. The brief episode indicated
that the Democrats, being in the saddl»
purpose staying there.
* * * *
Sidelights frcxn first Congressional
Directory of the Seventy-second Con
gress; Senator Jim Ham Lewis omits
dale of his birth. Italy now lias two
native sons In the House- Palmlsano
of Maryland and Cavicchia of New Jer
sey. Representative Campbell of Iowa
lists only his family record—names of
parents, deceased wife and living child.
"Ed, jr. Shrinking violet laurels go to
Representatives Celler and La Ouardia,
both of New York, whose autobiogra
phies consist merely of their names.
Senator Austin of Vermont was m
China In 1916-17 negotiating loans to
Chinese government. Representative
Crump of Tennessee. Democratic boss
of Memphis, newcomer to Congress re- i
ceived 25,756 votes at the 1930 election
as against 1.583 polled bv two op
ponents. Representative Withrow Re
publican Progressive of Wisconsin, serves
his first term after three years duty as
legislative agent of the railroad brother
Madison. Representative .
Andrews of New York, another congres
£onal freshman, was foot ball coach at
1,11 ,nd 191® Senator
CoaUdge Demoerat 0f Massachusetts
never attended anything but a business
college. Representative Joachim Octave
Fernandez. Democrat, of Louisiana gives
his progression as "demurrage and stor
age tariff expert." Representative C.
Murray Turpin, Republican, of Penn
Jim Davis' thunder as
Congress champion "Joiner," catalog
ing memberships in 25 organizations. ,
* ,* * *
l0Wa' wh0 h**
Men elected chairman of the Standing
Committee | of Pr«es Oallery Cott,
» • »«f«|HM>er veteran who
has pursued the elusive truth in Wash
ington for more than *5 years. He came
here not long after the Spanlsh-Ameri
can War, a battle-scarred survivor of
the Philippines campaign, in which he
served under Gen. Funston. Enlisting
as a buck private in the 51st Iowa
National Guard, he wound up as a
corporal. although Snure’s fellow
scribes long ago bestowed upon him the
rank and title of '‘sergeant." Snure
represents the Des Moines Register in
Washington, besides covering the Sen
ate for the New York Herald-Tribune.
He is by way of creating a Journalistic
dynasty, for his son, John Snure, Jr.,
has already won his spurs as a cub re
porter on a local daily. In 1920 the
Harding managers drafted Snure, sr.,
for publicity work at Marion.
* * * *
An American spokesman of Soviet
Russia in Washington was asked by
this observer for an expression of opin
ion about the Communist "hunger
march." He replied: "It had three
outstanding aspects—(1) it was ex
traordinarily well organized: (2) it
was the first time that white men and
women of the working class marched
shoulder to shoulder with colored men
and women, and (3) it was the great
est demonstration of unemployed ever
seen in the Capital of the United
States." The authority in question
added: “And there will be others." The
Russian Communists have long singled
out the loyal colored element of the
American people as fertile soil for Red
propaganda. Negroes from this coun
try have been transported to Moscow
at Soviet cost and trained to return to
the United States as Communist agi
tators.
* * * *
Senator Jim Watson isn't the only
thing in Washington that Indiana is
proud of. The Hooslers also plume
themselves on the fact that the Capi
tal Magnificent is filling up with build
ings made of Indiana limestone. As a
result of his recent article in the Na
tional Geographic Magazine, acclaim
ing the splendor of modern Washing
ton, Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor received the
following letter: "In your article you
mention marble nine times, brick four
times and limestone once. Of the 66
outstanding buildings to which refer
ence Is had. 28 are wholly or in part
Indiana limestone. The new Commerce
and Internal Revenue Building are
made of it in their entirety. The
Treasury Annex is the same, as are
also the United States Chamber of
Commerce, the War Risk Insurance
Building and many others. Many peo
ple call Washington the marble city,
but other materials, such as Indiana
limestone, have been more abundantly
used there in the aggregate than in any
other place."
Among the throng of notables, po
litical and otherwise, magnetized hither
by the opening of Congress is Samuel
G. Blythe, in ills day a shining light
among Washington correspondents.
Though still a writer on politics, as a
member of the Saturday Evening Past
stag, Sam nowadays cuts the figure of
a gentleman of both leisure and means.
The years have not withered his
bonhomie or his love of the news game.
California oil. 'Us said, has been good
to Blvthe's bank account. One of the
joys of his preaent visit to Washington
is to discover that his New York World
office boy of 35 years ago-—Willie Col
lins—«has Just become superintendent of
the Senate press gallery.
a * * *
William Tyler Page, who retires as
clerk of the House of Representatives
within 10 days of completing 50 years
of service on Capitol Hill, is not to leave
the precincts he has so long adorned.
Mr Page who presided over the new
House fluting the first hours of its ex
istence' this week, is to be given the
best pout at the Republican minority’s
command —probably the clerkship of
the conference. Ordinarily the Job pays
only some *3.000 a year, but It’s to be
arranged that Page’s brilliant capacity
is to recognised at a considerably higher
fCoDrriiht, VWM
Welfare of Unemployed
First Duty of Congress
To tht Editor of Th« Star:
Congress has again convened and the
gravest questions that ever confronted
this Nation wlU confront It. The
economics of tha Nation must he re
constructed and readjusted along the
lines of our changed and changing civ
ilization. The old order must give way
and a new order Instituted to meet the
day in which we are living. Th^'first
thing Congress should consider Is the
paramount question of the hour, the
unemployed.
Abraham Lincoln once said. "A nation
cannot survive half slave and half
free.” Certainly a Nation cannot sur
vive with millions of Its respectable
and law-abiding citizens asking for
bread and we giving them a stone.
These promises of employment of work
are so slow materializing that many
unemployed are becoming skeptical and
discouraged. And not a day's work
do they need, but permanent work.
Steps must be taken to provide work
for those whose jobs have been taken
from them by the labor-saving ma
chines. Notwithstanding we pay 9 cents
in Washington for a pound loaf of
bread, and wheat almost given away—
the bakers have a machine that will do
the work of perhaps 25 men. What
profits, then, must the bakers be mak
ing? But what about the men sup
planted by the machine?
We must get the ear of our law
makers in thes^ tragic times, when it is
becoming common for the unemployed
to commit suicide through sheer de
spair. I have recently read the account
written by a man who Is a professor
in one of our colleges of his brother's
suicide. His brother had been em
ployed by a firm for 30 years. This
slump came and he was laid off. The
result, despair and suicide! Could not
face wife and children with empty
nn/*lro t c
If a chain Is not any stronger than
its weakest link, this Government will
not be any stronger than the rank and
file of its contented citizenship. What
matter that we have vast wealth and
millionaires and billionaires If great
numbers of our fellows are deprived of
the necessities of life and no way open
to secure them? For the security of us
all wp must provide for all of our
worthy citizenry. This Is so self-evident
that none can be so stupid as not to
see it.
The work must be distributed so as to
give all employment. If this means
shorter hours and shorter weeks or the
opening of other avenues to the unem
ployed. or both, let us address ourselves
to It and meet the situation like men.
Nothing will be acccmplished by dodg
ing the Issue or hiding our heads in
the sand like the pursued ostrich, ex
pecting thereby to escape our responsi
bility. Perhaps we have pursued this
policy of Inactivity already too long.
The time has come for action.
We did not stqnd back for expense
when we entered the World War. Just
a fraction of the expense of that war
will put every unemployed person into a
permanent position in double-quick
time! Why hesitate when such grave
issues are at stake—the welfare of a
great and noble people?
REV. W. J. HUBBARD.
Economic Laws and
The Gold Standard
To the Editor of The SUr:
Nowadays one hears a great deal of
talk about "economic laws.” Their in-,
evltableness is the thins usually stressed.
And their precedence over all othe.
laws—human or divine—Is very much
taken for granted by those who imagm
they profit by the present financial
I concede a certain amount of justi
fication for this somewhat forced at
tention to what are called economic
laws. But to be logical and ?aie one
must be careful to jaiow precisely what
"economic law*” am tforth any atten
tion. For those found In the college
text books are merely the flimsy theories
of worshipers at the shrine of the
Great Golden Jackass—our well beloved
gilt fisc—the so-called gold standard.
It Is only natural that, after enthroning
gold Idol on high, academic sanction
would be immediately forthcoming from
college professors, who "must live" and
therefore wouldn't think of antagoniz
ing In any way the dread power behind
the pay envelope. These theories are
more or less accurate, provided the gold
standard Itself Is ethical and good. But
the gold standard is neither ethical nor
scientific and hence—awful thought!—
the sacred “economic laws" postulated
upon It are no more true than any
conclusion based upon a false premise.
' Now, if we must drool about the
“lnevitableness" of economic laws, why
not give a thought to some real ones?
Here they are:
Every nation In the past that adopted
gold money was destroyed. Every na
tion in the present that Is "on the
gold standard” Is being destroyed.
“Credit" is the same as debt and merely
an “inevitable” companion of a false
• gold) money system. The monetary
gold of the world is merely a change
supply-at present only about one
tenth of the amount needed for a sci
entific and ethical currency as measured
by the accumulations of bank debt.
Gold money is idolic money and
"inevitably’" cursed on that account, i
Interest—a modern euphemism for |
usury—is a phenomenon connected
with idolic money—not with a scientific
fiscal system. It Is entirely unearned
and consequently living proof of the
“inevitable"' folly of a gold money g*>d
Interest "inevitably" exalts (,he ' worst
people and humbles the best.
Finally, here is an "Inevitable” law
of truthful "economic*”: When your
casn—paper or metallic— possesses snv I
sort of premium over commodities, such
as a greater chance of being stolen, or
an inaccessibility which removes It from
circulation exactly when It Is most
needed—then it is neither scientific nor
ethical. A proper currency would have
no glitter. It would have only two
functions, that of a circulating me
dium and that of a conserver of wealth
in convenient form. It would not be
an idol. It would not be a tool of de
signing men who want to aetabllsh In 1
this democracy an oligarchy of sick and
feeble-minded parasites—exalted bv un
earned increment alone. It. would not
be the direct cause of scores of social,
political and Individual evils
VICTOR MARHDEN.
“Allowance Loan*”
Proposed a* Remedy
To tha Editor of Th« Star:
My suggestion for handling the un
employed Is not for cltsrlty or thr dole,
either Qf which can Only d*pir*s and
degrade those accepting thr bounty, but
banks established byT the Mute with
money furnished by thr *gte of long-1
time Government bonds, where the
unemployed can secure loans on their j
personal notes to br paid back with ]
a low rate of Interest on thr basis of I
10 J*r cent of th,,lr future income
Th s will save thr »*lf-rv*inrt of our i
citizens and will build for better charac
ter, and will save many from starving
who are too proud to accept charity
Mv plan would hr for Congress to
establish a fund to be loaned to th*
States, with a definite plan tor loaning
amall amounts sufficient to tide over
the unemployed until they ran secure
*°rk: « * PlMn not* with a clause
attached that tha borrower would pay
10 ot hl* btoome each month
until the loan was repaid
The loans should not be mad* in a
lump sum but Issued a* a weakly or
monthly allowance in amount* sufficient
for food, clothing and vent
A very smell percentage of the*<*
loans would, of cuur*- bo |o*t u> the '
State and Gov.-untiieni but the bug
majouty of our p*njd« ue honest and i
most all of It would be naid with Inter* !
est, and thr little lues oiue t,(i t«,«t nf
administration would be tusigniDcsnt i
compared with the amuuni that must
be raised in thr form nf t hat H y m thr
dole, og the people m>m| tie provided
'""""fPlTC,
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
""""
BY FREDERIC J. BASKIN.
What do you need to know? Is there |
j some point about your business or per
| sonal life that puzzles you? Is there
! something you want toe know without
delay? Submit your question to Frederic
J. Haskin, director of our Washington
Information Bureau. He is employed to
' help you. Address your inquiry to The
Washington Star. Information Bureau, I
1 Frederic J. Haskin. Director. Washing
ton. D. C„ and inclose 2 cents in coin
or stamps for return postage.
' Q How did the number of airplanes
used by the allies during the World
War compare with the number used by
| the central powers?—M. J.
A. The total strength In airplanes of
I the allies was 6,748. The combined
enemy strength was 3.352 planes.
’ Q How old was Helen Keller when
she began to learn to speak? D. Z
A. In her latest book. ‘ Midstream ” 1
Helen Keller says: “When Miss Sulli
; van took me for my first lessons in i
! articulation to Miss Sarah Fuller, prin
cipal of the Horace Mann School for
f the Deaf and one of the pioneer teach
ers of speech in this country I was
nearly 10 years of age. The only sounds
I uttered were meaningless noises, usu
ally harsh because of the great effort I
made to produce them. I learned to
speak several words that day in
breathy, hollow tones. After 11 lessons
I was able to say, word by word, ‘I_
am—not—dumb—now.’ ”
Q. About what per cent of an egg Is
the shell?—D. D.
A. Approximately 11.2 per cent of
every egg Is shell.
Q. Was the $29,000,000 fine levied by
! Judge Landis against Standaid Oil ever
! paid?—F. S. M.
j A. It was not paid because the di
I cision of Judge Landis was reversed on
appeal to the Supreme Court.
Q. Who Invented the slide rule?—W
L. W.
A. It was developed after the Inven
tion of logarithms in 1614 by John
Napier. In 1620 Edmund Gunter plot
ted logarithms on a 2-foot straight line.
The first known slide rule in which the
slide worked between parts of a fixed
stock was made by Robert Blssaker in
1654.
Q. Did John Philip Sousa invent his
last name?—M. McC.
A. It is an old Portuguese name and
is his real name.
Q. Can water be compressed?—N
H. M.
A. Water is very slightly compressible.
Its compressibility is from •000040 to
0.000051 for one atmosphere, decreasing
with increase of temperature. For each
' foot of pressure distilled water will be
i diminished in volume 0.0000015 to
0.0000013. Water is so incompressible
: that even at a depth or a mile a cubic j
foot of water will weigh only about
half a pound more than at the surface, j
Q Why do some cent pieces have no
lette' under the date, while others
have?—H. F. W.
A. The small letters that appear on
coins are the mint marks of the mihts i
of the United States. The marks are
“S"—San Francisco; “D"—Denver. The
lack of a mint mark indicates that the
coin was made at Philadelphia.
I Q. In building tall buildings, how
deep are the foundations?—E. O.
A. In the construction of skvserap
evs the usual practice is to excavate the
. und itions 30 to 50 feet and then to j
nl: steel caissons to permit concrete
. -ers to go to bedrock.
Q. Which President had the first
White House automobile?—C. L. B.
A. President Roosevelt,
Q- What is the difference in the usa
of aught and naught?—P. S.
A. Aught means anything; naught
means nothing, also is the name of the
character representing sero. For ex
ample : Neither had aught he could call
his own—Naught was heard save tha
wind in the trees.
Q. Has Confucius any living lineal
descendants?—W. M.
A. There are said to be a few. Dr.
H. H. Kung, brother-in-law of the late
Dr. Sun Yat-sen is one.
Q Who settles the changes in the
boundary line between Mexico and the
United States?—G. M.
A There is a permanent organisa
tion called the United States and Mex
ico International Boundary Commig
sion at El Paso, Tex., whose duty is to
attend to the occasional changes In
the boundary line due to the changes in
the course of the Rio Grande.
Q After lobster has been boiled, how
m2y it be served?—B. C.
A. Lobster may be fried, scalloped,
deviled, curried, creamed, buttered,
broiled or used as i cocktail.
Q How long Is the track over which
the English Derby is run?—B. T.
A. The Derby course at Epsom is ex
actly 1 mile 4 furlongs, having been
shortened 29 yards by the rounding off
of Tattenham Corner.
_ How k th* Ice *t the South
Pole?—L. W.
_ A■ The thickness of ice near the
south Pole is estimated by Croll upon
theoretical grounds to be from 12 to 14
miles, but oC the coast of Victoria Land
the ice wall is only from 10 to 20 feet
high.
Q. Who is at the head of the Bureau
of Standards?—A. W. L.
A The director of the Bureau of
Standards is George K. Burgess.
Q. what constitutional amendment
has passed one of the Houses of Con
gress since January. 1926?—H. J. C.
A. The constitutional amendment pro
viding for the convening of the new
Congress In January of the year follow
ing the elections in November passed
the Senate, but lacked a few votes of
securing the necessary majority in the
House of Representatives during the
Seventieth Congress.
wood h th* rlchest actor 1“ Holly
A. Harold Lloyd Is reputed to be. He
“ !ia,d }? worth *12,000,000. Mary
000000**3 fortune 18 estlrnated at *6,
madeT^-F a Pennsylvanla P°t cheese
A. It Is made from fresh curb pre
pared by breaking up and heating the
curd of sour, clabbered milk. When
cooled sufficiently the curd is placed in
a receptacle and allowed to stand for
three or four day.-, until It has become
colored throughout. It is then put Into
a kettle over a fire. Salt, milk and
usually caraway seed are added and the
whole Is stirred vigorously until It be
comes of the consistency of thick mo
asses or until it strings when a spoon
is withdrawn from it. The mass can
then be put into molds, to remain until
it becomes cold, or placed In a vessel
for keeping. It gets hard with cooling
and will retain the shape of the mold.
Q. Is Leningrad the capital of Rus
sia?—A. O.
A Moscow is the capital of Rusia.
Leningrad Is the former city of St.
Petersburg.
Unrestrained Army Feared
As Cause of Far East Crisis
American debate over the conflict of
Japan and China in Manchuria empha
sizes the fact that the military and civil
branches of the Toklo government are
■ acting independently. It is pointed out
j that, while thi latter is engaged in
seeking to meet the requirements of ex
‘ isting treaties, the Army, backed by
a party of more aggressiie tendencies
is inclined to be unrestrained. The In
cident of the attack on Secretary of
State Stimson in a Japanese note a
generally explained as evidence of a
nervous condition growing out of a
lack of national harmony
"Japan has been tarn throughout the
Manchurian crisis." according to the
Baltimore Sun. “by an internal strug
gle between civilian elements counsel
ing peace and moderation, and mtktarx
elements." That paper feels that ri#
would be well for ail to bend them
selves to perfecting the mac tunerv of
peace which the powers are trying to
set up." Emphasising the fact that
“Japjn is ruled by a dual government
centering in the Emperor but neither
responsible to er for the other." the
Rochester Times-Baiun feel* that
"whatever comes of the present struggle
between the Japanese and the League
of Nations, the latter body must coeae
to grips with the confusing dirtsicw of
authority in Japan."
Recording that “the United States
embarked upon its open-door pohcr of
friendly regard for Chinese interests be
fore Japan became a world power ' the
Chicago Daily News says of the con
fusion that exists: -How the Japanese
military authorities reconcile thetr poli
cies with Japanese national honor as
involved in Japans signature of sundry
treaties or with mtemauonal good faith
in dealing with China is difficult to un
derstand. True friend* of Japan j®
other counters cannot be blamed for
hoping that the civil elements, few
whom Baron Shale harm ss one of the
spokesmen. wiE triumph in thetr strag
gle for control of the nation s dewsaase*."
With the suggestion that, as to world
action, “the influence of the war s*an
flant on paralysed business has spread
even to America." the Roanoke Times
concludes “Can it be that the League
of Nations is not peering beyond ts*
own nose? A product cf the 'ideahsm
which made the -world safe for democ
racy.- it would eeem that its beneficent
influence fcr peace might be exerted
more emphatically on China and
To non **
Pointing to “the apparent t*J3 wfefc.
v hich the European power* have singtr
avoided clashes with Japan."’ the
Springfield i Maas • HepubHcaa -*w<«
that this Is obvtovusiy due to the ad
vantage they hare severally enjoyed ta
l eing ab> so vreec UMaadiW beigna
the League of Samoa. which has ab
sorbed the shocks. ' wnhe the C&ised
States, “not being a member, was su
turing state <m at front/’ The Co
iumbos Ohat State Journal offer* .
comment oe the ntlaataa# between
Japan and tee League “If any Atuhc
of Japan1* ssosltte for mvading tr*~.
(hurts ever exusted. a a now dfapeCed.
By her own actatawnet. she arffi be ;oc.
lent with fseshsta* ess than fuff
of that net: seersen of Ctxa Ts her
the League of Statens a aothtag ascre
than an orvptmsatLcn. sa- approve wSsk
i he has done, thereby lendtag to him act
an air ef respeetahtiisjr ’
That the sharp Japanese um*
lng a vtiteceat ®f Secretary Ssajace
was Use rw;Js ef an attaca ?f ser>« a
the opuusoa of the Topeka State Chat
tel. which charges ta»t the '--r
foreign office was "hard prwseed :** m*
up a bluff1 agamac the **es* crnSad
part of the world.1' The
Chronicle ah—was :has ~ja» ;«p—
practically admit site* 'uas them
heads. ’ a -.houghs wtnea » vowed she
by the St. Lets* Times. rh» Shwtah
Evening Sew* state* “The mgrmmcn
left vs that the Japanese Ajct {*u«
what they ire dudsg in- *re 3*. *
of ri :rvw. aecsnse she »4Um& vwwii She
civil atdherifces 'try a.-r.ng jiiiMpeou
ently and fr,A(<iecj...y *5 rryeB.-gur
poaes ' The Aurt Arbor Dady Sews bwiKsv
a more than ieuaLy ehetaoge
of course***, ’ wmie the Sfcveebsij
Oaartte contends shad ’buca stttea
should haw dealt haata> amt 3*851
wHlt the gafthc, ha the MshhBgw ht bsatK11
mun.catlon* relative to the Manchurian
matter.''
"China belongs to the Chinese." de
clares the Lexington Leader, "and any
attempt to alienate anv of her territorv
or to exploit, at the expense of her peel
pie. the reaources of Manchuria or
Mongolia cannot but meet with the con
demn* tie* of the Cruled States." The
Manchester Union takes the pnatsas*
"The interest of the Cc-Sed stains a
in getting Japan sc rttgr.* sts ziiaSgm
If Japan a ready to Scuts wcrld -ufiiwhLi.
and go her awn way there a scsteag
we may wans so do shoot s.”
Ohwrrteg that "OM Mac Wlanor a
waging asm with the Mzanem am
Caines* irvMa ax bBarruaucaa.' am
that" m those wajcas wnasa- are jobob*
and Sister ansi Ibsii sr Mils wmjjerasttrsB
are neaNML* sis* Ouklisnu T'-shuae
coccluiies '’Serweec. sbw Stags- she jnaEy
reaidi u st sis* -Xsacas* mope «in
zsaktsnt ijsat s» laanatnww is ae*
points aeftnre Winter saw ip hrsitec
spunkim* A Xa*. jam anapsr s»
gwe sis* wag own sun* » sain*, nap
?rv«e a* a pan atenc nor* asset :’’*
than al thw Hoars tt ittrtngn jhwwts..’'
I .«*ai4cr Nmtd t»
P<toj4f to tfce tVfCb
Ttt tax Slil uw *1 vtl« :ji»r
Who ax tfasiiihwviu nw ,wxi so*
•*** FWipw '*&» wear "' Wo h©*s£ «
»ea4ie who, in. sis* most mhwuisoin© ho
gstage. wtH stir Ss« xeupiii *o sis* lupus©
without agSRUshna who !»««««» o©
**®rta» *£ sis* lay ami it© tut*n oi
gait
FW every yeas ©wqgg; Hour, Hrtoa*
^*nd tzwg&loemaOou n raa
world of Stas, 13 4 annul ng; ©inniuuu
She ?r-.v«s> of jwwtum tiw jo©©*-,
of dMtcuiuwu aau oafeush. *aowt n
sh* divas* wnrii, *rt©r© itnaiug:
shoagwch W» 5a*-*© ijao mvil «hi w
agwus wars she nu©c bape&u ;j**©»w»
w*r» sr.-used by Sanaffimstn wtu laum
and bigoery ** hav* j»©i s'Mteitite i}»
vsc»d. There wao a tan© vnwu spur
hated .-ape^uam. but ia*. -Am©- » i**.
Uhprashnaa xv* long Hours al w»*tc*
rnsm wslhag Sana© t-ni twit*- n©wi«a
and gave shunt, jout j».-. j©uv Housing,
peer srxespersasme. >a isa* grtweoM, *
greed they sevum uftitju vtauui, rn
o»*9. and 3ow sa© tint* lift© >ji»*
wa*c. the? nusc 3*31 bap*. « n©*»
wortier. a pee«©ete*e si 50© i©j
us* mctfc *i itfUBsc «J.
Ttt* jwupur tuuuc as At jjyniiyly
W. a*-' 3fAtir* ftwwift, luypa.tio*
*a«± j*£I'-.-s%;bv'„. e*l»y amwh ;k ^
*Sr»a** sue an* jovui tli- a rtu iistM
»aa.5 af uimr iavitiu>. rtjey v^att
awc*« jrnatrrs. aa 3»5ttM«i AwmAt*.
es«r **nc <m» f»nainijt> Bjiu unAc;
US*, tail ’Sb :>r>4rw;,.trM Aru / A.*ra£
a? Us* juifyiB.
Tint 2t*xuisf A-i< aiyJit It Aft
aassur? a inaturr bttti jui Hum*: „•*
3! * jarr«r < V(rr*r ftttttu. f»AUx,w«. u«
eailfts* n vwwtft :;-mi .ft* u,i a stews'—
<anae sSSsarsims-Tss
W* 3a f>; Jrtrtty JttUB, Siuitpts
*» XT aci A uresiiAlryftttrtH. Isfj*
Sri't-d*7 ww*. sfttt nvjWAt tl tuftSt. •.«
~rrmww fsrvw yfti, ■wiArAitj-, ft*
«auioft."ft si. *aq «w sftv** ***,0
a*i» 3st 3Ma*iA<r «««, itK&ilitrc Anftft
^ta Us* 7»mo ftttcs. * waa *k* q
Us* ssctnu. ttdt/B a m/tray mttr~4nno
*onig 3* jkaeotM. a *w«ft :** q* *q
quft «n*tui»iy v «*h&
_ ^rSawnwi sfwosmcf*.
*x **»* dfiy.
|uX*gtM$fc
**<«* at* sfthwHMiMm n». st* AM* ■**!,
®W«r** * 9zwtm "*»i 4* -tm if
Me«WC iM<M» aM». l^ft, >q*ft, ■ <«*
toaut aft* {tt<a* -ftA ft*y mut
'y** nui>. • ntftftj; a> :a uniuft. • aft*
&38 SlkSMtt Atfty HAhAhy AS^antawt
mm iAB*y*ft*aAe vwiwmtim,
!N*,ta*fwti|ittsj Aaiy .tutma.
a.5?** *fc atftsia*. *uu, jjatfr
IiiiIIUmp mMii ft X