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THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY August 26, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES Editoi The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office: 14 Regent St., London. England. Rate bv Carrier Within the City. The Eveninit Star 45c per month The Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays! 60c per month The Evening and Sunday Star iwhen 5 Sundays) 65c per month The Sunday Star 5c per copy Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday 1 yr., J10.00; 1 mo . 85c Daily only 1 yr . $6.00; 1 mo . 50c Sunday only 1 yr., $4 00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday... 1 yr., $12 00; 1 mo.. 11.00 Daily only 1 yr . J8 00: 1 mo.. 75c Sunday only 1 yr., 15.00; 1 mo., 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis patches credited to it or not otherwise cred ited in this paper and also the local news published herein All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. The Problem and th# Solution. Two articles in the cufrent issues ol two national magazines come pretty close to stating both the problem and the answer in the matter of relief ol suffering and distress this Winter. The magazine Fortune concludes, as the result of a Nation-wide survey, that fully 25,000,000 persons will require "charity or other relief this Winter." The Federal fund of $300.000,000 made available as loans to the States by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for relief work, would furnish only $12 apiece if distributed equally among those who could be regarded as needy beneficiaries. The article states that relief work heretofore has been wholly inadequate, wasteful and uneconomic and voices some of the blame in the allegation that the "problem was never attacked as a national problem—the facts were never frankly faced as facts." But this week's Saturday Evening Post contains an amazing statement of fact in the form of an article written by Priscilla Wayne of Des Moines, Iowa. She describes an organization of volunteer women in that city who, dur ing the past Winter, fed some 350,000 persons at the cost of 1 cent a meal. Utilization of food that usually goes to ■waste in a city, utilization of the un employed, who were only too willing to give their labor, and utilization of a lot of wholesome common sense solved the problem of feeding the hungry In Des Moines, and another Winter finds the same machinery set up and ready to function again. This work in Des Moines supplemented the regular wel fare and relief work of organized ch:rit..s under the Community Chest. It was an effort in addition to the suc cessfully performed task cf filling the local Chest and oversubscribing the Chest quota. Of course the mere pro vision of soup and bread is not the only requirement in ministering to dis tress. Some of the success or the wortc in Des Moines , was doubtless due to con ditions that were peculiar to that city. The location there of meat-packing houses, for instance, furnished the volunteer feeding stations with an abundance of meat products for pre paring soup. But the mechanics of the experiment in Des Moines are of minor Importance compared with the fundamental principle there demon strated. That principle is that there need be no unmet distress and suffering anywhere this Winter, provided there Is the organization and the will to ad minister relief. The lack of organiaztion in the com munities of the Nation is going to be the real difficulty this Winter. When Wisconsin recently asked for $6,414,865 irom the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration, the sum finally loaned was cut to $3 000,000. One reason for the cut was that investigation revealed a third of the State's fifty-seven needy counties lacking in i.ny organization whatever for relief administration. Gov Pinchot'e experience with the Recon struction Finance Corporation «empha sized the same general condition. Not only was there inadequate organization, but the State had failed to tap its own sources of revenue for relief While the larger cities, benefiting from experience, have perfected organiza tions of long standing, many of the rural communities lack not only the organization to deal with an emer gency of this kind, but even the knowledge of how to form them. Anc once the matter of relief is turned ovei ίο State and county and even munici pal government, politics and waste anc red tape take their toll of available funds. The problem of organizing the com munities for the work next Winter is t( be discussed at the White House meet· ing next month of the recently an nounced National Citizens' Oommittei ior the Welfare and Relief Mobilizatior of 1932, under the chairmanship ο Newton D. Baker. Success in the worl of organization will mean success in thi extension of relief next Winter. Mone; is only one essential. Leadership ii the local communities, proper organize tion and the will to deal with th realities of an unprecedented sltuatioi with characteristic American ingenuit: and resourcefulness will prevent an; man or woman or child from goini hungry. Once the communities thro\ up their hands and ask the Federal Gov ernment to take over the job the figh is lost. It is reported tint A1 Smith is constant attendant at the Broadwa theaters. If this is the case, the fai and well-phrased criticism so often de sired in New York may at last be re vealed in the pages of the Outlook. Lord Inchcape'i Will. A report from London brings tï news that the late Lord Inchcapi famous British shipping magnate, wfc died on May 23 at seventy-nine, ha left a total of £30,000 to the captain chief engineers and chief officers of th vessels of the Peninsular and Orienti and British India Steam Navigatic Companies, the two principal organlzt tions of which he long was head. By the terms of this generous te,' tament each of two hundred capta ii receives {100, and each of two hundn chief engineer* and chief officers £5 ButA^hough these sum· are lArge ai Latd Inch cape's beneficence thus repri sente a considerable portion of hi* estate, it Is not the money, but rather the inspiration of the gift that has significance to the world at large. Lord Inchcape was a great man. Statesman, banker, diplomat and finan cier, he was known to have accumu lated an immense fortune. At the time of his death it was said that he had disposed of his wealth among his relatives. Had the rumor been true there could have been no just complaint. But now it is known that it was false, and instead of private distribution a graceful and widely useful charity is revealed. It is not difficult to imagine the re action in the hearts of the four hundred employes thus remembered. They had j known Lord Inchcape personally. It was their practice to call upon him when in home port. Now they have lest their friend. TTuy mourn him. But they will never forget him. His gift in departing will be the proudest memory of their lives. Lord lnchcape's will reasserts the traditional British policy of friendship between master and man, employer and employe. It is evidence that the ma chine age has not extinguished the sense of fellowship which was a char acteristic of the guild system, out of which modern industry «volved. It con stitutes a monument of love in tribute to a good, just and benevolent man. From Coast to Coast by Air. Having flown across the Atlantic alone, the first woman to accomplish that feat, it was natural that Amelia Earhart should essay a solo flight across the American continent. This she has succeeded in doing, the first woman thus to fly from coast to coast without stop. She made the trip in 19 hours and 5 minutes, from Los Angeles to Newark, a distance of 2,626 miles bv the airpath route, which is 202 miles longer than the crow's flight distance. This is not as speedy a crossing as the record flight of Capt. Prank Hawks, who made the distance without stopping in 17 hours 38 minutes and 17 seconds. The fastest continental crossing of all thus far made was that of Maj. James Doolittle, who covered the distance in 11 hours and 16 minutes' flying time, but with stops. The difference between the Hawks and Doolittle perform ances in point of time is accounted for by the fact that in a non-stop flight gasoline must be carried for the entire trip and speed must be held down to the point of economic consumption, while in a flight with stops the highest speed can be maintained between points, with refueling on the way. It seems but yesterday when the sug gestion of a non-stop continental cross ing was viewed as a dream of the avia tor without chance for success. The airplane could not withstand the great stress of such long sustained operation. The pilot could not endure the fatigue and strain of continuous flight. In May, 1923, however, Licuts. Kelly and McCready flew from Roosevelt Field, Ν. Y., to San Diego, Calif., in 26 hours and 50 minutes. This feat astonished the world, but there remained a greater one when Goebel and Tucker flew from I Los Angeles to New York in August, I 1928, in 18 hours and 58 minutes. Next came Hawks in his record flight. Mean while, Charles Lindbergh had flown from New York to Paris in May, 1927, in 33 hours and 29 minutes. Then the year after Hawks' transcontinental non stop flight Lindbergh lowered his time with a one-stop flight from Glendale, Calif., to New York, in 14 hours and 45 minutes. Miss Earhart's achievement in the non-stop flight is now compared with two made by Ruth Nichols, in 1930. She crossed the continent from Los An geles to New York, with stops, in 13 hours and 21 minutes, having shortly before that made the east-west flight on the same route, with stops, in a shade less than 17 hours. All these performances have contrib uted to the development of the airplane to the point at which it is now regarded as a dependable transport agency ι Given skill and sufficient fuel, with rea j sonably good weather conditions, there are practically no limits to the range of flight. Capt. Mollison's recent achieve ment in flying from east to west across the Atlantic, alone in a small plane, the first to perform this feat, carried I this demonstration further. He is now about to return and there is reason to believe he will achieve his objective. He is a skillful pilot with "weather sense," which is the prime essential of a long-distance flyer, and short of meet ing extremely adverse conditions, he is likely to reach his goal and thus be come the first person to make a round trip by air over the sea. An eminent entomologist met his death experimenting with hydrocyanic gas. His object, moth destruction, scarcely seems worth the sacrifice. Yet science has made some of its greatest advances through developments of ' ideas at first addressed to apparently humble purposes. Denmark is reported to favor a wide open free trade policy. It is an attitude of confident self-reliance. In spite of some figures of passing perplexity. Hamlet is the only Dane to be described as melancholy. The Renter's Paradise. ! New York City notoriously is a rent j er's town. The people of the metropolis t rent everything—land, houses, apart , ments, garages, automobiles, yachts, pic z ' tures, books, tuxedo jackets, wedding . I gowns, bathing suits, fishing tackle, t even children to beg in the streets. On the East Side there is an establishment which rents slippers and shoes; another i which rents furs. In the Bronx it is ,, possible to rent the entire equipment for a r social function, all the way from knives and forks to "family portraits" to adorn the walls. The news-stands of the hotels rent umbrellas, opera hats and season tickets to base ball games. In the restaurants the seating, checking and provisioning arrangements are e leased, subleased and re-leased day by ■■■ day. There are several agencies which ο rent guests for parties, butlers, chauf s feurs and detectives. One firm does a i. considerable business renting jewelry, e The apex of renting, however, only re .1 cently has been disclosed. A woman η has been discovered who rents guns to - hold-up men. "Three young bandits appeared in the ;- line-up at police headquarters. The is oldest of the group was 20, the youngest d 17. They confessed to shooting and ). wounding a patrolman who surprised d them In the act of robbing a taxi driver ι- They admitted » long list of felooie·, I Questioned as to where they had ob tained their artillery, they said they had an arrangement with a woman to pay her one-quarter oi the loot obtained by the display and use of her particular variety of hardware. She did not urge the boys to go out felonizing; no, she merely equipped them for their depre dations. The incident provides an illuminating sidelight on the kind of world we live in and the kind of city it is over the government of which the Hon. James J. Walker presides. Manhattan's Altered Skyline. Perhaps it Is one form or another of impoliteness to say so, but the far famed skyline of New York City seems today not quite so lovely as it once was. It has changed. That is conceded by every one. Has the alteration been for good or ill? In the period of 1925-1931 a large crop of architectural weeds came into existence on the island which the thrifty Dutchmen bought from the Indians for sixty guilders. That many of these additions to the city's complement of skyscrapers are atrocious is the opinion of critics, including eminent members of the profession responsible for their de sign. They are simply elevated bar racks, and their mere bulk and height no more render them beautiful than those characteristics make an elephant graceful. Of the two most widely advertised and most persistently press-agented structures—the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building—the former is like nothing else in the world so much as a monstrous tube of shaving cream, and the latter is a theatricalism whose loftiness is in part a deceptive trick and whose general semblance is that of a gaudy lea«l pencil sharpened to an utterly useless extremity. Neither adds to the charm of the skyline, and their presence may be questioned as a blemish. The older skyscrapers are the more attractive. The Woolworth Building, derived from the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages, is still the best of all. The Italian Renaissance lines of the Metropolitan tower are permanently interesting. Somehow the skyline of the largest city of the Western Hemisphere belongs to all Americans and is not the exclu sive property of a few promoters and real estate moguls. But probably there is nothing that the public can do about it if these dictators should choose to disregard an obvious warning. However, that may be, the people can be dis criminating in the government of their enthusiams; they need not admire an ugly thing simply because they are com manded so to do. Credit is regarded by expert econ omists as a complicated science. Like litigation or drugs, its habitual use is not considered the best way of attain ing a satisfactory working knowledge of the subject. Bicentennial tribute to George Wash ington proceeds despite the fact that interest in the President for the next four years overshadows interest in the First President. Publicity for loans does not Involve enough embarrassment to deter any body really needing one from asking for it. Midwest farmers are offering no re marks on prohibition. The hip -flask Is of no importance as compared with the milk bottle. CamDaign orators are now depended on to afford serious relief to the com edy programs presented by radio. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Men and Idea*. How happy we'd be could we view with content An election as only a sporting event, Assured when the great competition was done That suspense was quite through when they told us WHO won. But they show us a platform and tell us to note The theories new which economists quote. "Who wins?" is no longer the question we ask. "What wins?" is the governing point oi the task. * Heritage. "Do you see signs of unrest in the rising generation?" "Yes," answered Senator Sorghum "And I'm not sure the youngsters' an cestors used to labor to leave the boy! and girls large fortunes to be peacefullj enjoyed. Now we leave "em mostlj problems to solve and debts to liqui date." Jud Tunkins says now that it costi three cents to mail a letter, mebbe the additional expense will make people tn harder to think up something wortl sending. Change Desired. The Katydid again is loud. We wish it would by chance Give up the tune that sounds so prout And learn to do a dance. The Significant Side. "Did you sit on the right hand of thi hostess?" "No," said the social expert, "but : had the place of honor, though no oni realized the fact. The lady is left handed." "Owing to pride of personality," sail Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, "evei small annoyances seem highly impor tant to the one to whom they attacl themselves." Autocratic Attitude. The cow beside the wheatfleld stood Her temper was no longer good. Said she, "however scant the feast, Folks must have bread and milk, a least." "De best you kin do," said Unci Eben, "is to listen to advice politely an< den decide foh yohself.". Brief Vieit. Prom the New York Sun. Thoee who don't think much of th stratosphere will notice that the pro fessor didn't stay there long. Opportunity for Optimiste. From the New York Sun. One Job calling for reaftycefulne.es 1 that of making gratifying reports dall; to presidential candidat ea, THIS AND THAT I BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Can any one be called well read who does not know the novels of Jane Austen? It Is doubtful. Perfection, in any art, makes Its demands upon devotees of that art. If some one diamond expert cut a gem of such exquisite beauty that it excelled most other gems, no connois seur of diamonds could regard his edu cation as complete until he had seen it. It is the 6ame with paintings, with statues, with buildings, with books. From the large to the small, from the mighty to the miniature, it is perfection which counts, rather than size. In a book, and especially in the novel, this is attained when the writer in dubitably achieves what he sets out to achieve. He did what he set out to do, and 99 out of a hundred persons competent to judge would agree on it. This is the case with the stories of the shy Englishwoman who wrote anonymously and well. It is a rather curious thing to find so many people intent on "keeping up with the new books," who never have read any of Miss Austen, with the ex ception of "Pride and Prejudice." The latter, perhaps, was forced on them in school days. They were told that it was the greatest novel by Jane Austen. As a matter of fact, it isn't. Both "Emma" and "Mansfield Park" are superior to it. They may be recommended as super lative examples of the novel of man ners wherein the quiet affairs of life occupy the share of attention which they ordinarily receive in real life. Isn't that one of the main differences between some books and life—that books so often "play up" merely excit ing events, whereas the lives of most people ordinarily run along in a hum drum fashion, broken now and then D.v worry, or grief—but these, even, without excitement, only dull pain and pitiful sorrow? The novel, therefore, which man ages to create an air of real interest out of the ordinary affairs of life, as lived by the majority of human be ings in this and perhaps in any other age. has done something which entitles it to a special place in a reader's esteem. There will always be, of course, a place reserved for the work of fiction pieced together out "of such stuff as dreams are made of"; the world of books is large and readers are many and moods come and go. In the last analysis, however, the place of esteem, in the recollection of discriminating readers, is given to the work which somehow manages to con vey a real sense of life and living, but which also puts into that feeling some thing of the air of good excitement which belongs so easily to bolder and more swashbuckling types of fiction. Perhaps no writer ever succeeded better in this than gentle Jane Austen. She was born in the year the Ameri can Revolution began; she died in 1817, shortly after the War of 1812. During 1796 and 1797 Miss Austen wrote "Pride and Prejudice." one of the greatest "first novels" ever penned (and they were literally penned In those days). The next, year she wrote "Sense and Sensibility," a much inferior story, but nevertheless interesting to a "fan" of Jane Austen because it was her first published book. The curious thing is that neither of these novels saw the light of reader interest until 1811 and 1813, and it was the inferior one of the two which was published first. Its mild success led a publisher to bring out "Pride and Prejudice," which thus had gone begging for 16 years Pause and consider, all ye ambitious ones, who are so downcast because a rejection slip comes back in the next mail! It must be admitted that Miss Jane Austen, daughter of the rector of the church at Steventon, Hampshire, did not need the money, and that it was only pin money when she did get it. Writing with her was an avocation, not an occupation, an art rather than a business. She lived in a house remarkably like some being built today, in the so-called Georgian style. It had four windows and a door along the first floor, five windows across the second floor front, and three dormers above, topped by two chimneys. The lighter novel of manners, so called. was scarce esteemed as the handiwork of a preacher's daughter, in the last days of the eighteenth century. That was one reason why hers were put out anonymously. The modesty of the woman was an other reason, but there is good cause to believe that the possessor of her ex quisite sense of irony knew per fectly well, as well as the most intelli gent reader, that she had created emi nently readable books. The three gems, of course, are "Emma," "Mansfield Park" and "Pride and Prejudice." For one reader, at least, they rank in that order. The greater maturity of "Mansfield Park" and "Emma" partly came about because they were not written until 1814 and 1816, respectively. Miss Austen, too, had known the feeling of futility which the rejection slips brings with it. The publication of her two earlier books, however, gave her the old urge to write again, and when she began she was the mistress of her art. "Mans field Park" followed shortly on the publication of "Pride and Prejudice." "Emma" came two years later. To all those readers who strive so heartily to "keep up" with the flood of modern fiction, but who have not read "Emma." one may recommend a rest ing cn the reading oars, at least until this jewel of fiction is perused. For sheer art which takes the little, everyday life of humanity and trans forms it, with every slight thing about it, into something vitally interesting and even important, there is scarcely a work of fiction which can equal Jane Austen's "Emma." Here is genuine interest which carries the reader with it. not with "baited breath," but with that satisfying mental and emotional joy which is the solid reward of a first-class novel. Undoubt edly there is no other type of writing which has exactly this appeal. If there is anything which makes a reader tired, it is this attitude, sometimes displayed, that a work of fiction is somehow less than more "solid" types of reading mat ter. The truth seems to be that fiction is life, and life is experience, therefore fiction is experience. If one loves life, he will want to get as much of it as he car., and one of the best ways is to read as many well told stories as he can. Men have always known this, that is why they have loved a good story !n all ages, even from the earliest, and the end will never be in sight, it would seem: always the experience seeker in us will pine for adventure, and always time and fate and circumstance will combine to prevent us from going. But we may read. And, if we are wise, we will read good novels of worth, and among them will be, must be, "Emma" and "Mans field Park." at least. There should be no taint of snob bery about the "must" in the above sentence. It is not a command, based on some one person's likes and dislikes, but simply a universal acceptance. Not to know Emma and Mr. Knightly and Mr. Woodhouse is to miss some thing real out of life. Not to be a member of the house party at Mans field Park is unthinkable. The sensible reader will accept these invitations, if he has not done so, and see for himself why one may think that no man can be called well read until he has made the acquaintance of these interesting, charming people. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS Gov. Roosevelt, speaking Saturday at Sea Girt, N. J., a wet spot in more senses than one—will deal with the pro hibition issue. Another slashing attack on the Republican position, this time its wet-dry position, is indicated. Again j the Democratic nominee selects a tender \ spot for his punch. Yet there is little doubt that the President has met with a generous measure of success in his aim to satisfy the wet wing of his party without driving all the drys into rebel lion or exile. Bishop Cannon, Hoover ally In 1928, now on the other side of the Atlantic and shorn of his political power, fulminates over what he views as the President's betrayal of prohi bition. Deets Pickett, the bishop's understudy in the Methodist Board of Public Morals, makes similar utterance. Here and there have come other bitter protest and denunciation from the Upshaws and the Booles—the fanatical drys. But It Is becoming fairly ap parent that there is to be no whole sale desertion of the Hoover standard by the drys. The President's declara tion for revision of the eighteenth amendment was a bitter pill, but it was heavily sugar coated and for the most part the drys are swallowing it and trying to smile. Those not blinded by passion appear to be able to see that to desert Mr. Hoover now (changing the metaphor) is to jump from the fry ing pan into the fire. * * * * The Rev. Dr. Daniel A. Polling, chair man of the Allied Drys, has anounced that by "overwhelming vote" the asso ciates in his organization have agreed to stand by the President and to sup port him for re-election—that It means that millions of dry votes will remain Republican. Dr. Polling makes public a commendatory letter from Mr. Hoover in which the latter extends his thanks and bespeaks the need of awakening "a sense of national consciousness of - the purpose of life Itself." * * * * Theodore Roosevelt was a prolific writer before he became President. As ex-President he became contributing editor of the weekly magazine Outlook. Taft, as ex-President, and prior to his elevation to the headship of the ι Supreme Court, was a lecturer at Yale. Woodrow Wilson was a historian of distinction prior to his entry into public life. Death robbed him of the chance to return to literary pursuits. , Harding, by profession, was an editor and publisher. Coolldge, in political retirement, became a dollar-a-word essayist of wide renown. Hoover trans s lated "De Res Metalica" from the Latin and his discourses on the art of fishing and American individualism have earned him library listing as an author. Alfred Emanuel Smith though not ar\ ' ex-President, is in their class in that ι he has stepped from an elevated pop . ular pedestal into political retirement. Now he is to turn litterateur, for the 1 first time in his life, in the approved ex-presidential manner. By a curious twist of circumstances, it is as editor , of the Outlook. This famed periodical, , after long decline, suspended publica tion and was laid to rest a few months ago, but is now to be resurrected as a vehicle for the versatile "Al," as the ; New Outlook. , * * * * President Hoover changed secretaries . this week, but the old and the new both ■ respond to the name of "Ted" and both hail from Massachusetts. There the similarity ends. Edward (Ted) Clark, White House secretary during the Cool idge administration and seasoned vet eran of the Washington political world, replaced Theodore (Ted) Joslin. The ! latter graduated from journalism to a ■ poet In the Hoover secretariat when George Akerson graduated from the White House to a motion picture execu tive. "Ted" Clark's assignment Is said to be only temporary. Ostensibly he Is pinch hitting during the absence of the ι other "Ted" (Joalin), to whom Mr. Hoo r wr graciously accorded a Yacation, de •plte the exigencies of the presidential campaign and the present rush of busi ness and of callers and of news at the White House. But it would occasion no surprise If the Coolidge "Ted," whose political acumen and realistic approach to current affairs Is highly appreciated at the White House, remains there un til Election day. * * * * Whenever and wherever Mr. Hoover addresses the Nation he speaks pri marily not as a candidate for re-election but as President of the United States. That is the public-spirited view of the radio broadcasting systems In extending their radio facilities without charge as a matter of public service. Thus the broadcast of the Hoover acceptance speech on the most gigantic scale in radio history did not cost the Repub lican National Committee one penny. Gov. Roosevelt, by delivering his ac ceptance speech at the Chicago conven tion, likewise obtained Nation-wide radio coverage without charge, since the pro ceedings of the national conventions were freely broadcast in the public in terest and as a super-entertainment fea ture of the radio programs. Subsequent speeches, past and future, of the Demo cratic nominee go on the air at regular commercial rates. The same was true of the Topeka, Kans., speech of Vice Presi dent Curtis and Secretary of War Hur ley's Providence speech this week, and so on. * * * * Expense accounts of House and Sen ate are given a salty airing in the latest volume on Capital affairs to come from a Washington writer. In "Washington Swindle Sheet," just published, Wil liam P. Helm, veteran newspaper cor respondent, details the spendings of Congress for investigations, mileage, stationery and its miscellaneous items during the fiscal year 1931. Mr. Helm goes to the official record for his figures and facts and spares neitner names nor amounts. "In bookkeeper's slang," he •says, "the expense account is known as the swindle sheet. It Is with that mean ing in mind that this book is written." The book deals purely wltn the little known financial side of Washington affairs and personalities and is a breezi iy-wrltten revelation of what Congress does with its own expense account. * * * * The assignment of Secretary Mills to the stump in Maine bespeaks the fever ish desire of the Republican high com mand to make a fine snowing in the Maine election September 12 and be trays their apprehension as to this •barometer' State. Vice President Cur tis, Dolly Gann and Secretary Hurley are headliners in the Republican all star cast, but with Coolidge in retire ment and Borah on strike, Ogden Mills In person is the biggest stellar attrac tion and would ordinarily be held in reserve to be billed only on "big time." From Republican Eastern headquarters in New York comes word that the nor mal (?) Republican plurality of from 25,000 to 50,000 Is expected in Maine. (Copyright, 1932.) Crowding It On. Prom the New York Times. Believe it or not, but it needed a des perate struggle in the Austrian Parlia ment before that body could be induced, by a vote of 81 to 80, to accept a loan of $42,000,000. A1 and Jack. Prom the Roanoke Times. Jack Garner invaded A1 Smith's pri vate office the other day and after three-quarters of an hour the Speaker emerged alive and smiling. This speaks volumes for Al's powers of self-control. Hard-Boiled Fact. Prom the Miami Dally News. Chicago aldermen are considering an ordinance to ban the sale of Action based on crime. Up In Chicago crime doesn't come under the head of fiction. Hitler's Success Faces Germany With Paradox BY WILLIAM BIRD. PARIS, August 25.—In the view of observers here, Germany has reached a paradoxical situation. Only a lew months ago the question was anxiously asked whether Adolf Hitler would at tempt to seize power by unconstitutional means. Today it is realized that con stitutional government cannot continue in Germany without placing the power in Hitler's hands. If President Paul von Hindenburg and Chancellor Franz vcn Papen attempt to govern without Hitler, they can do so only by arbitrary dictatorial methods. Such a dictatorship, however, is de clared to be in accordance with the Weimar Constitution, which empowers the cabinet to govern without Parlia ment's approval in case of emergency. Moreover, Von Papen's partisans say it does not violate democratic principles, since it is done by presidential author ity and the President was elected by a clear majority of the voters—and thus he has an equal standing, from a dem ocratic viewpoint, with Parliament it self. * * * * A rapid comparison of the German situation today with that which existed immediately after the signing of the treaty of Versailles in 1919 shows that enormous changes have taken place and that still greater changes may be expected in the next few years. Germany at that time was broken and disorganized. There was an in tense reaction against militarism, a liberal republican constitution was adopted and a Socialist was elected President. Today nearly half of Ger many is marching behind Hitler, and a good share of what is left is praying for the return of the Hohenzollerns. The President, elected by Socialist votes, is the Kaiser's favorite general. The allied army of occupation, which was to hold the bridgeheads of the Rhine for 15 years, or until Germany had fulfilled the peace conditions, has been withdrawn. * * * * After paying $5,000,000,000 of a reparations bill fixed at 33 billions. Ger many is to pay about $750,000,000 mere and a sponge is to be passed over the slate. France has received in repara tions, over a period of 12 years, about twice the amount that was paid to Germany in cash after the short war of 1870. France has spent in repairing material damages caused by the fight ing on Fiench territory about twice as much as she has received in indem nities. It is considered practically certain thai, before another year elapses there will be a profound modification of Ger many's military status. The treaty al lows Germany 100,000 professional sol diers, enlisted for 12 years. It seems likely that the period of enlistment will be shortened to about two years. The importance of such a change is that it would provide trained reserves. Another likelihood is that Germany will regain, in the form of mandates, some of the colonies wrenched from her by the allies, most of which now are in British hands. * * * * But by far the most sensational pos sibilities are in the direction of bound ary changes in Kurope. Germany wants the Polish Corridor and wants to réunit.* fcast Prussia and Danzig to the Reich. Germany wants the coal fields of Upper Silesia returned to her. On the western frontier she wants the villages of Eupen and Malmedy, now Belgian, restored, not to mention the Saar. Alsace-Lor raine is not openly claimed, but Is dreamed about. There is every reason to expect also that the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria to Germany, will be pushed with increasing vigor. France has op posed it. Italy, alarmed at the thought of having Germany instead of harm less Austria for a northern neighbor, was the deciding factor in destroying the customs union proposal, which was regarded as the prelude to a political union. But Italy is now reported to be veering around to the German view, having received assurances that Ger many will give undertakings to respect the Tyrolian frontier. The so-called "confidence pact," signed at Lausanne by England and France and since adhered to by Ger many. Italy and many smaller powers, is believed by Germany, and feared by France, to open the door to diplomatic negotiations on all these points. Ger many had hoped to make the League of Nations a platform for the discussion of treaty revision. Balked in this, she will turn to the loosely-worded confi dence pact. (Copyright. 1932.) Urges Use of Military As White House Guards To the Editor of The Star. In the midst of the worst economic depression that this country has ever witnessed various suggestions and meth ods come forth through prominent men and the press to help our budget and unemployment. The City of Washing ton. as well as the States, Is faced with increasing demands and diminishing revenues. Our city fathers are asking for an appropriation cf $258.036, to be expended in satisfaction of the need of 100 more policemen, also clerks, stenog raphers, radio patrol cars and motor cycles. Undoubtedly they are badly needed. I thought of a saving that could be made right here in the number of policemen asked for. In all foreign countries that I have visited the pal aces or residences of sovereigns are guarded by picked royal guards in trim uniforms and side arms. Why could this not be inaugurated here? Trans fer the White House squad (35 men) to street duty? Our military posts could be drawn upon for soldiers or Marines. There are plenty of them doing nothing in time of peace, fine-looking men. This is a comparatively small saving, yet it amounts to something in a year. If it has worked for centuries in the old countries, why should it not find favor here? Besides saving the salaries of 35 policemen, a fine-looking m ary guard would command respect and add color to the residence of our Presidents. GEORGE P. PLITT. The Real Proof. From the Hartford Daily Tiroes. In the crrning for signs of the ap proach of the upturn in business and industry significance has been attached to every hopeful indication that th* country has "turned the corner." Bet ter than any sign Is the outright proof as exemplified in the increase of wages voted by the Durham Hosiery Mills in New Hampshire. The addition of 10 per cent to the pay roll of 2,000 em ployes in those mills speaks louder than any statistics and professional forecast. It is the proverbial proof of the pud ding. The Durham incident may not re main isolated long. Ths textile in dustry has been feeling the return of buying activity for several weeks. Sev eral textile centers have reported full time employment for the normal num ber of employes. The wage levels were low in most Instances. That they should be raised as soon as it appears that there will be good business ahead for several weeks is Itself a factor which will help to stimulate confidence and buying activity. No flurry In the stock market nor volumes of hopeful prognostication can compare with a wage raise in a large Industry as a means of lifting the Nation out of the doldrums. Hitler's Aspiration. Prom the Rochester Times-Union. Hitler wants to bose Germany. His enemies my be mean enough to let him have the Job. Vegetarians. From the Toledo Blade. If you have ever cultivated a garden you may have observed that most of the bugs and worms keep In perfect health on a vegetable diet. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. Did you ever write a letter to Fred eric J. Haskin? You can ask him any question of fact and get the answer in a personal letter. Here is a great educational idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent people in the world—American newspaper readers. It is a part of that best purpose of a newspaper—service. There is no charge except 3 cents in coin (carefully wrapped) for return postage. Address Frederic J. Haskin. Director, The Wash ington Star Information Bureau, Wash ington, D. C. Q. What were the receipts of the Olympic games?—N. A. À. Unofficial estimates on the closing day were that gate receipts amounted to $2,000,000 and that paid attendance would total close to 1,000,000. Q. How old is the cross as a religious symbol?—A. M. A. Its use as a Christian religious sjmbol is probably the most modern adaptation. For thousands of years before the Christian era the cross was cf religious significance among widely separated peoples and in different ages Its origin is lost in antiquity. Q. Where does the Mohawk trail be gin and end?—L. B. A. The Mohawk trail starts at Boston and ends at Albany, Ν. Y. Q. Where is there a monument to wheat?—A. C. R. A. At Winnipeg; a monolith has been erected on the site of the mill where the first shipment of wheat from Western Canada was assembled. The monolith is a 12-ton granite boulder appropriately inscribed to commemo rate the shipment which left Winnipeg on October 21, 1876. Q. Who was the first person to be killed in the Air Service?—W. D. A. The first fatality in the Army Air Corps was that of First Lieut. Thomas E. Selfridge, a passenger in a Wright biplane. He was killed September 17, 1908, at Fort Myer, Va., in a crash. Q. Please describe the habits of the Iquites.—Ε. M. A. This tribe of South American In dians is divided into many branches, some on the River Tigre, others on the Nanay. Missionary efforts have failed and they remain savages, worshipping figures carved in the shape of birds and beasts. They brew the Indian fer mented liquor chicha better than any of the neighboring tribes, flavoring it with the shoots of some plant which has the effect of an opiate. Q. What temperature should a slow oven be? A hot oven?—M. N. A. A slow oven means one with a temperature of from 250 to 300 de grees Fahrenheit, a moderate oven one of from 300 to 350 degrees, and a hot oven is from 400 to 450 degrees. Q. Did Congress provide $2,000,000, 000 for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to be lent to private busi ness, banks and railroads?—I. O'H. A. Congress appropriated only $500, 000,000 for this purpose, and this sum is to b3 repaid. Congress authorized the corporation, itself, to borrow an additional $1,500,000.000 frcm the pub lic to make such further loans as may seem necessary. Q. In Shakespeare's day, what were the school hours?—P. R. C. A. In Summer, from 6 in the morn ing until 6 at night; in Winter, from daybreak until dusk. Q. Where should one go to enlist in the Foreign Legion?—M. L. C. A. A dispatch from Marseille says that Americans are no longer permit ted to enlist in the French Foreign Leeion. Q. When was the Hofstadter Com mittee organized and what 1» ltt budget?—S. L. A. The Hofstadter Committee, which is investigating the New York City ad ministration, was authorized by & Joint resolution of the State Legislature on March 23, 1931, and ordered to report not later than February. 1932. In two bills $500,COO was appropriated for its expenses. On January 27. 1932. a bill extending the committee's life until February 1. 1933. was approved, and on March 11. a bill appropriating $250. C00 for additional expenses went into effect without the Governor's signature. Q. Who was Agnes Sorel?—T. T. A. She was attached to the service of Isabel of Lorraine. Queen of Sicily, wife of Rene of Anjou, the brother-in law of Charles VII. From 1444 until h?r death in 1450 she was the acknowl edged mistress of the King the first woman to hold that semi-official posi tion which was to be of such great im portance in the subsequent history of the old regime. Q. What is the derivation of the word "steptorian?"—R. S. A. In the Iliad, Stentor was a herald whose voice was as loud as that of 50 men. Q. Did Lincoln kneel during the pastoral prayer at Dr. Gurley's Church? —A. J. W. A. Wh;n Dr. Phineas D. Gurley of fered the "pastoral prayer," Lincoln always stood. So also did Senator Bradley. Q. Where was Pearl Buck, who won the Pulitzer prize, educated? Is she married?—K. L. M. A. Her parents were missionaries from Virginia, who were sent to China, where most of her life has been spent. Her early education was given her by her mother and she attended school at Shanghai. At 17 she was sent first to Eurcpe and then to Randolph Macon College in Virginia. She is married and lives in Nanking. Q. Why, in referring to foreign rights under a copyright, is it necessary to say, "including the Scandinavian"?— T. Τ G. A. The copyright office says that the phrase "including the Scandinavian" sometimes seen in connection with the copyright notice does not involve any additional protection, since the Unite® States law gives the copyright holder the exclusive right to translate the work into any language. Such restriction, .therefore, is entirely unnecessary. Q. Dees a woman sit at the right side or left side of a vehicle when driving with a man?—Α. V. , A. In Europe the woman sits at the right. Except in official life, this rule is not closely followed in the United States. Q. What is the meaning of the word "lagniappe?"—L. A. M. A. It means a trifling present given to customers by tradesmen, or in a broader sense, a gratuity. Q. How many Boers were killed in the Transvaal war?—G. H. A. The Boers' loss in killed was 4.000 and the number taken prisoners, 40.000. These were released on the conclusion of hostilities. The British ioss was, killed, 5,774: wounded, 22,829. Q. Is it necessary to use new rub ber rings on glass jars each canning season?—R. B. A. Rubber deteriorates and it is fool ish to use the rings a second time. The cost of them is small compared with the risk of having fruit and vegetables spoil when old ones are used. Journey Into Stratosphere Stirs Hope for New Air Lanes I While Auguste Piccard's record- ] ; breaking journey into the stratosphere j I to a height oi more than 10 miles takes J rank as a spectacular and courageous adventure, It is also welcomed as a con- ι I tribution to scientific research. There is much discussion of cosmic rays as a I mvsterious force and speculation upon > the possibilities of the upper air as a medium of aerial transportation. It is pointed out by the San Antonio Express that "Prof Piccard's achieve ments have given him foremost rank, both as a scientist and as an aeronaut," and that this "native of Switzerland, a research worker in Brussels University's Polytechnic Institute, has been seeking fresh data on the origin of cosmic rays, discovered by Dr. Robert A. Millikan of California Institute of Technology." Of the details of the present experiment, the Express states: "Prof. Piccard and an aide. Max Cosyn, have set an alti tude record for all aircraft by taking a hvdrogen-filled balloon up 16,500 meters (54,134 feet) above sea level. In a specially designed gondola weighing 1,750 pounds, which was attached to a silken bag inflated with 500,000 cubic feet of the lightest gas known, those aero nauts started upon the voyage into the stratosphere from Dubendorf Airdrome, in Northern Switzerland, early last Thursday morning and rapidly ascended several thousand feet. Drifting before the wind, to the southeast, the balloon passed over the Rhine's headwaters and crossed the Engadine region—just north of the Swiss-Italian frontier—at a rec ord-breaking height." * * * * Stating that "it Is only 240,000 miles from the earth to the moon." the Port Huron Times Herald suggests that, in view of Jules Verne's imagination and 1 the thoughts of others, humorous sug- I gestions of the journey to "this satellite i of ours" may be taken with the thought that "it is just possible that the first 10 miles—which represent the task of getting started—are the hardest." The Boston Transcript, however, feels that "the dream that a way will be found to ■ sail to the moon or Mars seems, in the light of man's greatest achievements so far, to be beyond any possibility of ful fillment." That paper continues: "If there be Martians and super-Martians in the spacious firmament around us, not one has been able to leave his own celestial abode to visit this grain of sand which we call the earth. The ruined archangel imagined by Milton dropped from the zenith like a fallen star or wandered through space ungoverned by thœe forces of attraction and repulsion which we disobey at our peril. And even if we become as insubstantial as they we may not enjoy their long flight from star to star, but find ourselves 'imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with restless violence round about the pendent world,' still chained to our parent orb by the same power that in icme mysterious fashion rules all crea tion." "It Is being said that one of the more practical results of the study of the stratosphere may be swifter flights across the oceans in planes designed especially for flights at the 10-mile level," sayS the Oakland Tribune. The Newark Evening News sees the flight as having two aspects. That paper, refer ring to the scientific conclusion that "the cosmic ray is the mighty force of the universe," points out that in the stratosphere "it may be studied and measured, to Increase man's knowledge of the life and forces which surround him," while, as to the second aspect, it concludes: "And there is suggestion of more immediate and practical bene fits in Prof. Piccard's declaration that the stratosphere is the only practical element for long-distance aviation." • * * * * It is recalled by the Dayton Daily News that a German savant "has just succeeded in sending a balloon to the altitude of nearly 17% miles," but "there were no passengers aboard this craft, and It Is doubtful that man will soon reach such unprecedented height." The Dally News adds that the current find ings aa to cosmic rays will Interest science. Arguing that ultimate use may be made of the results of t£e expert ment, the Indianapolis News comments: "Immediate lack of applicability means nothing. When Roentgen discovered the X-ray, laymen did not foresee Jt as the basis of a remarkable advance in medicine and as the precursor of radio, which was employed by Piccard to send messages from the skies in his epochal journey. By demonstrating that one may survive in the stratosphere. If properly safeguarded, the daring Bel gian may have helped to give eventual substance to the dream of engineers that planes can be fitted to speed through it at a thousand miles an hour." "What the scientific significance of this journey is remains undetermined." according to the Atlanta Journal. "After all. his altitude exceeded only by some 3.000 feet the first effort, and it is not likely that 3,000 feet in the stratosphere will reveal an overwhelm ingly startling new set of facts; cer tainly not of the type that will be un derstandable to the average person. He talks casually now of repeating his ex ploit over the North Pole, and there will be few to doubt that he can repeat It when and where he will. Presently he may become mayor and first citizen of fhe stratosphere, and honor our dull earth with but occasional visits in his queer little space-scorning balloon." Farmers' Strike. From the Chicago Daily News. Co-operation by farmers in the pro duction and marketing of crops long has been recognized as the remedy for distress prices of farm products. But large numbers of farmers are, from the point of view of organizers of farm co-operatives, incorrigible individualiste. While declining to share the ccst and the responsibility attaching to mem bership in co-operatives, they are ready to participate in any benefits derivable by them from the operations of those organizations. Such so-called inde pendent farmers in many cases are sup posed by members of co-operatives to be recipients of special favors from private marketing agencies. Those facts and assumptions may help to ex plain some of the incidents growing out of farmers' strikes now In progress in Northwestern Iowa. North Dakota and elsewhere. The Iowa strike ap pears to have developed systematic acts of violence by farmers picketing coun try roads against other farmers who attempt to market milk, vegetables, fruit and other perishable product*. Desperation in the farming districts because of inadequate returns obtained for marketed crops cannot be viewed with equanimity by city dwellers. The latter have profited through the years of the depression by low prices for food, but they realize that in the long run it is not to their advantage when farmers In large numbers are sold out by the sheriff. Depressed farm prices did much to bring on the present time of closed factories, restricted consump tion of all forms of manufactured goods and widespread unemployment. It is conceded that restoration of normal purchasing power to 'Me farms would bring good times to the cities. Mob law and destruction of property In farming areas is about the worst possible substitute for voluntary limita tion of production and orderly market ing of farm products. The farmer·' problem is In a sense everybody's prob lem. The national administration ham done much, wisely or unwisely, to as sist in the building up of farm co operatives. It is planning to do more. In so doing and planning. It Is not bestowing favors upon a single Class of citizens alone, but Is working with method to overcome an important ele ment of the depression. Self-interest of city dwellers should lead them to give encouragement to the extent of their opportunities to legitimate co-operative movement· by the farmers. Indispensable. Prom the Omaha Ivenini World-Herald. Sioux City man Invents mouth-cloain* device. No home, no political ρβΐφ complete nn«,