Newspaper Page Text
Stage - Screen Music - Radio CONCLAVE OF STATES ptmttay pto Civic Activities Autos—Aviation Part 4—10 Page· WASHINGTON, D. C., SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY 6, 1935. LEGISLATURES WEIGH TAX BASES FOR AID Relief Burden to Be Shifted in Part to States. Pension System Under Consideration. BY HAL HAZELRIGG. (Copyright, 1935, New York Tribune, Inc.) NEW YORK, January 5.—Legislatures are convening in 43 States in perhaps the most vital sessions since the onset of the depression years. Congress, meeting in Washington, is considering a program which the administration believes will deliver the coup de grace to hard times. This program is based on an unprecedented Federal-State coalition, and the outcome in the Legislatures may well decide the issue. rne federal administrations ctuei legislative purpose Is social and eco nomic security. This plan is inex tricably linked with State programs. Many States already have such laws oi their own, and in any case the venture must be co-operative to suc ceed. Of first Importance to the States Is the matter of direct relief and providing revenues therefor. The Federal Government proposes to at tack unemployment by making jobs instead of by direct relief. This would be done by turning back 4,000,000 unemployables—the aged, sick, crip pled. widowed and insane—to the States before February 1. A part of the Roosevelt relief and public works program, this would reduce such Fed eral costs 20 per cent, it is estimated. Would Burden States. This would put a tremendous bur den on State and local governments, offset in part by the stimulus that new jobs would give local business. Actually, though, the States began to absorb some of the unemployables in 1934. F. E. R. A. figures show that State and local funds for relief in the first 10 months of 1934 increased nearly 30 per cent over the same period in 1933—from $252,375,883 to $323,890,560. Nevertheless, the sud den shifting of the entire unemploy able load will give the State legisla tors a great deal to think about dur ing the month. xne new reaerai-state co-operative •pirit is matched by a growing tend ency to unified effort among the States themselves. Their latest step was the organization last week of a Council of States' Governments, with headquarters in New York City. The chairman is Gov. John G. Winant of New Hampshire and there are seven other Governors on the council. The new council, said to be the first group of its kind in history, will meet January 18 and 19 in Washington to consider mutual problems of re lief, taxation and crime. Including this new one there are 841 agencies in the United States established to improve local State and national governments. About 150 State organizations are listed in the directory Issued by the Governmental Research Association of Chicago. State-wide citizen organizations num ber 43, State leagues of municipalities, 33, and universities carrying on prac tical research in current governmental problems, 72. Forty-Eight Research Bureaus. Municipal research bureaus, the di rectors and staff members of which form the nucleus of the research asso ciation, number 48. Most of these are supported by voluntary contributions. Three of these organizations—the Fort Wayne Taxpayers' Research As sociation, the Taxpayers' Research Bu reau of Utica and the Tulsa Bureau of Municipal Research—were established within the last year. The common aim of all these agen cies, though, Is to better administra tion of those governments within State confines, and their efforts will have a profound effect on the course of legislation. rinding taxes to bolster State budgets which will need additional revenues will be the chief occupation of the State Legislatures. The Amer ican Legislators' Association reports that the States will look to the new comers among taxable Items, for much of this revenue. The most modern taxes are levied on liquor, tobacco, gasoline, incomes and sales. The income from liquor taxation, of course, varies widely from State to State. Net revenues range from virtually nothing to between $2.50 and $3 per capita. James W. Martin, tax consultant of the Legislators' Asso ciation. estimates that the typical yield from liquor taxes promises to average between $1 and $1.25 per cap ita. This estimate includes the aggre gate revenue yield from licenses, other levies such as the gallon&ge tax and State liquor store profits. Cigarette Tax Income. Fifteen States levy tobacco taxes, ranging from 2 to 5 cents on a pack age of cigarettes. Their revenues range from about 20 cents to $1.30 per capita. Martin estimates that on a 3 per cent package tax on cigarettes and approximately 10 per cent on other tobacco products, about 70 cents average per capita may be expected frnm thic «nnrro The States find it rather costly to administer its tobacco taxes. The Fed eral Government, whose tax rate on tobacco is only twice that of the States, produces proportionately four times the revenue of those States hav ing the tax, since it spends little more than 1 per cent of its revenue in tax Administration. Gasoline tax rates range from 2 to 1 cents a gallon in the States. They produce an average revenue of $4.22 per capita. States with a 5-cent tax rate derive an average revenue of $5.22 per capita. Because of the small number of wholesale dealers in each State and because of the co-operation of the industry, the cost of adminis tering the gasoline tax is extremely low. State gross sales taxes fall Into four divisions—general turnover, retail, merchants' license and graduated. Seven States use the general turnover tax, which shows the highest average yield and derive an average of about $3.50 per capital. Nine States impoee taxes on retail sales only, producing revenues ranging from $1 per capita to nearly $9 per capita, with the aver age well above $3. 28 Levy on Incomes. Merchants' license taxes, compara tively insignificant, produce from 14 cents to 49 cents. Even less signifi cant are the graduated gross sales taxes which have been assailed as being discriminatory to chain store merchants. Twenty-eight States levy an income tax. Curiously, this tax is not uni formly important to State budgets, although the general average Is about $1 per capita. States with a high per capita wealth, such as those of the Northeast, naturally yield more reve nue than those with comparatively low capita wta m, sucn as in uie soum and West. This income tax yield variation is a problem the legislators must attack. Another of its serious phases is the fact that such taxes are paid mainly by the residents of cities, and their imposition may result in an urban rural tax "contest." Those States having sparse populations and smaller average incomes find, too, that the cost of administering the tax is high. The experience of various States is shown by statistics. In New York, which has a per capita wealth of about $3,400 and moderate income tax rates, the per capita yield from the income tax is $5.60; whereas in Mississippi, which has a per capita wealth of about $1,200, and one of the highest tax-rate structures in the country, the per capita revenue is only 13 cents. Dela ware, with about twice the per capita wealth of Arkansas and considerably lower income tax rates, collects more than 70 times as much revenue per inhabitant as Arkansas does. Thus, in seeking the revenues to meet greater relief budgets, each State will have to weigh the tax device which will fit its own peculiarities. Double Tax Is Factor. The question of "double taxation" also will arise while the Legislatures are considering the general problem. To most persons this means two taxes on the same thing from different sources—Federal and State or two States. However, the Interstate Com mission on Conflicting Taxation, set up by the American Legislators' As sociation, points out that there is more to it than that. Thus double taxation may arise in the same taxing district in the case of a general property tax which defines as taxable property both the stock of a corpora tion and the realty it owns. λ second lax connici arises irom the indifference of each taxing district to the existence and levies of others. A corporation doing business in a dozen States is likely to find a dozen bases for computing capital gains or depreciations. Legislators, moreover, will find another knot besides revenue to dis entangle If the Federal adminis tration puts through its proposed old age assistance legislation. Existing State laws of this nature that require 15 to 35 years' residence in the State and 15 years in the locality before pensions can be granted, are expected to be liberalized if a national plan for such dependent· is adopted. State legislation for old-ace assist ance has Increased rapidly within the last two years, Dr. Marietta Steven son, assistant director of the Ameri can Public Welfare Association, shows In her report. Eleven States, for In stance, passed old-age pension laws during 1933 and 1934, as against 18 States within the previous 10 years. Prospect of Federal action, she be lieves, will stimulate the remaining 20 States to action soon. Some Laws Permissive. All of the State old-age pension systems are straight pension, financed entirely by State and local taxes. Some of the laws are merely permis sive, allowing the cities and counties to grant pensions to the needy aged if they wish, with the result that only a few of their localities have acted. The recent trend, however, has been toward compulsory laws. Only six States had enacted such legislation in 1928, and in Wisconsin alone financial assistance was pro vided from the State Treasury. Now 13 of the 29 States having these laws provide for State aid to localities, and five States pay the pensions entirely out of State funds. According to ,Dr. Stevenson's sur vey, 15 States set the age for begin ning pensions at 70: 11 at 65 and one, North Dakota, at 68. Maximum pen sions range from $150 a year in North Dakota to $1 a day in nine other States. The national plan assumes Federal aid sent from Washington to the State capitals to be administered, and the Legislatures doubtless will con sider methods of procedere in old age pensioning in their current ses sions. Muskrat Trapping To Net Maryland $1,500,000 in 1935 Pelts From Marsh Land Animals Sell Well in Fur Centers. BY J. C. DEPOKAI. BALTIMORE, January 5.—An In dustry of Maryland, of which little is known, but which will net trappers upwards of $1,500,000 this year, is the raising of muskrats, pelts of which are sold in fur coat manufacturing centers throughout the country. Pelts of Maryland muskrate are eagerly sought by furriers on account of the color and quality of the fur, game warden, who estimated a good according to E. Lee Le Compte, State season this year. Although the trapping center of the State borders the eastern and western shores of Chesapeake Bay generally, trapping activities are fairly well set tled in Talbot, Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, Worcester and Somerset Counties, with Queen Anne and Kent trailing not far behind in output. Along the Eastern shore virtually every tributary of the Chesapeake, running inland to a certain point, be comes brackish and forms what are known as fresh-water marshes. In these marshes the little furry animals live in houses resembling nothing so much as semi-submerged shocks of hay. Le Compte explained it is not un usual for 5,000 acres of the marsh land to produce, in good seasons, 13, 000 pelts, at prices ranging from $1.50 to $2 each, excluding the value of the meat obtained. Scenes at Capitol as New Congress Convenes jgjjj jj ggaaaasB aaaaeg j Booggaasa gaes > ,, ι anca —a· (1) Republicans on the Hill listen to Judge John Carew of the Vander bilt case (left). Others from the left are Representative George Tinkham of Massachusetts, Representative Jim Wadsworth of New York and Rep resentative Bertrand Snell, minority leader of the House. (2) Speaker Joseph Byrns talking over the new session with Vice President John Garner. (3) Senator Joseph T. Robinson (right), Democratic leader of the Senate, gives Senator-elect Rush D. Holt of West Virginia some good advice. (4) Center insert. Senator Joseph P. Gufley of Pennsylvania. (5) New Democratic Senators photographed while talking things over following the party caucus on Wednesday. Prom the left, Sherman Mlnton of Indiana, Theo Bilbo of Mississippi, Lewis Schwellenbach of Washington and Joeeph Guffey of Pennsylvania. THEORIES ON FOOD HABITS DISPROVED Women Scientists Show That Combinations, If Pure, Do Not Harm. By the Associated Press. BERKELEY, Calif., January 5.—In a research department, staffed ex clusively by women, new facts per taining to diet and nutrition, some of which contradict long standing theories, are being disclosed. Approximately a thousand rats and other animals are fed daily in the tests of various foods which are being conducted. Dr. Agnes Pay Morgan, in co-opera tion with Prof. Ruth Okey and a number of other teachers of the Uni versity of California, has raised and cared for nearly 20.000 rodents for this purpose in recent years. Theories Exploded. The feminine scientists have al ready found that white bread has con siderable more vitamin Β in it than was thought, that toast is less nutri tious and no more easily digested than untoasted bread, that acidosis is not to be feared to the extent food fad dists claim, in fact, that there is no scientific excessive alkalinity and there is no foundation for believing porteins and starches are difficult to digest when eaten together. No foods which are harmless sepa rately are dangerous if eaten together. Dr. Morgan claims, and this goes for such combinations as cherries and milk and fish and milk. As for white flour, Dr. Morgan and her associates report, there is no doubt that it lacks certain food fac tors as a result of the milling process but in the ordinary diet these factors are supplied by other foods. Unless one lives on bread alone it doesn't make much difference what color it is. Crusts Less Nutritions. John Jones, jr., who may have suspected eating bread crusts couldn't give him rosy cheeks and curly hair has the moral support of the univer sity experimenters. They report that heat tends to destroy the protein in the bread. Consequently crusts are less nutritious and no easier to digest than the center of the loaf. Among other conclusions: An ab normal craving for candy on the part of a child may be symptomatic of undernourishment ; apricots are one of the best sources of vitamin A and a good source of vitamin C; cooking this fruit decreases the vitamin C con tent from 30 to SO per cent, but It increases the availability of the vitamin A content. Reduction of 20 per cent In the daily ration of vitamin Β brings a rat to the verge of death from paralysis In a very few weeks. Many Foods Essential. Growing children usually are benefit ed if their diet Is supplemented by an extra source of vitamin B, which is relatively abundant in whole wheat and other unprocessed grains, yeast beans, citrus fruits and the like* and for all there should be a liberal supply of milk and dairy products and of peen-leaved vegetables, but the way to determine what is required in the nature of a special diet is to consult a competent physician. Dogs and other animals are used in the laboratory food tests. Rats are especially valuable in determining food facts because the amount of vitamin present in a given portion of food is so small and so difficult to separate from other substances it is imprac ticable to try to extract it and weigh it. Instead the rats are· given a synthetic diet to test the effect of the particular vitamin under investigation. Admiral Johnson Continues Long-Distance Naval Flights Base Force Seaplanes of United States Fleet Will Visit Caribbean and Ha tvaii in Neiv Ventures. By the Associated Press. SAN DIEGO. Calif., January 5.— Navy traditions for long-dis tance flying, which date back to the first successful crossing of the Atlantic, will be carried on without any slackening of spirit under the command of Admiral A. W. Johnson. These newest long-distance ven tures will take base force seaplanes of the United States fleet Into the Carib bean Sea and the Hawaiian Islands. Sailing from here January 4 for the Canal Zone, Johnson's flagship, the U. S. S. Wright, will act as mother ship to three patrol squadrons on a flight which will encircle the Carib bean Sea. These squadrons, VP-2, VP-3 and VP-5, are under command of Capt. Ernest D. McWhorter. Lieut. Comdr. Rica Botta of Hawaiian flight fame commands Squadron 2, Lieut. Comdr. G. L. Compo, Squadron 3, and Lieut. Comdr. G. E. Short, Squadron 5. Meet at Canal. The Wright will meet the seaplanes at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal. From there the Wright and plane tenders Garnett, Teal and Lap wing will go to stations among the West Indies. The planes will cover most of the West Indian area in a month of practice flights before re turning to the Canal Zone, March 1. Immediately after the Caribbean expedition the Wright will go to Pearl Harbor to act as tender for patrol squadrons 1, 4, 6, 8 and 10 on a flight around the Hawaiian Islands and to Midway Island, a cable station about 300 miles northwestward of Honolulu. Details of this hop will not be revealed until after approval by the Navy De partment. The San Diego patrol wing, John son said, will remain at North Island until next June, when the fleet ma neuvers are scheduled to begin in the triangle formed by Hawaii, Alaska and the North Pacific Coast. Johnson, son of Rear Admiral Phillip C. Johnson, hae had a varied career in the Navy since his graduation from Annapolis in 1899. He saw service In the Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection and was on destroyer duty In the World War. In 1930 he was sent to Nicaragua as chairman of the American Electoral Commission and president of the National Board of Elections. Since taking command in June. 1933, Admiral Johnson has kept the squad rons hopping. They have operated in widely separated parts of the Western Hemisphere, the log showing 36,479 nautical miles flown in a little more than a year. Among them have been some of the longest flights ever un dertaken by Navy planes. The greatest non-stop distance flown was the dash of the six VP-5 planes September 7 and 8, 1933, from Hamp ton Roads. Va., to Coco Solo, Canal Zone, 1,788 sea miles. The longest round-trip air journey was that of 12 JP-7 and JP-9 planes from San Diego to Alaska and return. More than 7,000 milee were covered. Planes Survey North. While in the Far North the planes were used in surveying thousands of miles of land and sea. Another long jump was that of VP-7, VP-9 and VJ-2 squadrons April 9 to 22 from San Diego to Coco Solo to participate in fleet exercises covering 3.500 miles. At present the planes under Admiral Johnson's command are divided into three groups—San Diego, Coco Solo and Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawai. The Coco Solo contingent with three squadrons of 12 planes each guards the Panama Canal. Those in Honolulu protect the Hawaiian Islands. The San Diego flying boats patrol the Southern California coast and operate with the fleet. GENRE ART DISPLAY AnRACTS INTEREST Everyday life in U. S. Nineteenth Century Depicted at Erich Newhouse Galleries. Br the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 5,—Of great interest to students of both art and Americana is the third an nual exhibition of early American Genre painting, on view at the Erich Newhouse Galleries. Its 50 canvases show how artists depicted everyday life in the United States through the entire nineteenth century—and before that there was virtually no Genre painting in this country. Like an Increasing number of his torical exhibitions of American paint ing, this one was assembled to demon strate the charm and interest of what forgotten painters were doing at home while culture-conscious Amer ica had its eyes on Europe, its spon sors said. Pictures by fashionable portrait painters of their day hang beside the work of unknown painters and decora tors of fire engines. Despite obvious European Influences, certain Inherently American charac teristics predominate in these paint ings. They have freshness and vigor, the composition is usually lively, and they are unsophisticated. There is a complete absence of satire. FLATBUSH CITIZENS HELD HOME-LOVERS Community Survey Reveals Aver age Family Pays $46.35 Rent. ' By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 5.—Those who dwell in Flatbush were appraised today as the most home-loving people In all New York City. The rating came from Langdon W. Poet, tenement house commissioner, and is based on a survey showing that Flatbush—which is 2% square miles of Brooklyn—is more a home com munity than any other section of New York City. The community, originally settled by Dutch colonists about 1651, has 42,018 families, the report showed, and one out of every four families lives In a private house. .· The average Flatbush family pays $46.35 monthly rent. Some pay $150 and more, 2,000 pay $75 to $100 and 12,000 pay $50 to $75. The average Flatbush rent is $10 higher than the medium for Brooklyn, which is $2.50 a month more than the figure for Manhattan. The survey was made by C. W. A. workers in a real property Inventory for the Housing Authority, __ mon pier IS REPLYTO CRITIC Fear That Golden Gate Span May Slip Results in Careful Survey. Br the Associated Press. SAN FRANCISCO. January 5.—One of the most difficult bridge piers con ceived by engineering has been com pleted at a cost of $30,000,000 and, its builders say, it is not going to slip into the ocean and perhaps partially block the Golden Gate. To quiet the fears of an outstand ing geologist that the foundation of the main 736-foot tower on the San Francisco side was insecure due to the nature of the underlying rock and the contour of the site on which it stands, an unusual under-water sur vey has been made. Ten acres surrounding the immense pier—a regulation foot ball Arid could be laid out on the bottom within the fender walls, if the pier were hollow— was marked out. It was ruled ofT into a huge checker board with squares 20 by 20 feet. At the corner of each square a 2,000-pound weight was dropped and a deep-sea diver was sent down. He was attached to the huge weight by a chain so that he couldn't stray away from the section assigned to him. Area Carefully Charted. He covered each square, foot by foot, walking under from 45 to nearly 150 feet of water and reporting by tele phone to men on the surface who charted the shape and nature of the ground as he described it. The reports were checked by a second diver working independently without knowledge of the previous diver's report. It had been contended that the great pier was unsafe due to the slope of the channel bed and the belief that an upper strata of serpentine rock was underlain by a strata of sand stone. Not only was It determined, the bridge engineers assert, that the pier is not on a dangerously sloping ledge, but drilling innumerable holes, some to a depth of 100 feet, failed to reveal the dreaded sandstone strata. The terpentine rock, they say, is among the hardest known In the State. The steel tower that now will be built on the new pier, like its twin on the Marin County shore, will be 121 feet wide at the bottom. As the base of this one goes deeper into the bed rock, tne full length of tower and pier will be greater. From the rock base to the top of the steel work will measure 846 feet. It is designed to support a vertical load of 400,000,000 pounds. The top of the towers must resist a horizontal wind force of 1,900,000 pounds. The San Francisco pier was difficult to construct, not only because of its great size, but also because of strong currents and the ocean tides. Hollow wells have been left in the pier, so that Inspectors can go down to bedrock at will to make inspections. Finds His "Sheepskin." NEVADA, Mo. 04").—A land patent issued to his grandfather 101 years ago was discovered In an old mink by Charles E. Henson, Nevada farmer. The document, executed on pressed sheepskin, bore the signature of Presi dent Andrew Jackson. Writing Didn't Last. JUNCTION CITY, Kans. W).— Geary county officers have a big job on their hands because a territorial land official used a poor quality of Ink in filling out land patents 80 years ago. The writing is so badly faded it has been found necessary to re copy mac? of the papers. „ New Plan Employs Primitive Devices in Prison Routine. (Following is the first official information released on the prison experiment which the Government is watching closely. This informa tion ivas made public after per sonal approval by Sanford Baies, director of Federal prisons.) BY JOHN JAMESON. Associated Press Staff Writer. EL RENO, Okla., January 5.— Prisoners cluck at plodding oxen and their fingers move over antiquated hand looms In the new United States Southwestern Reformatory here as Government experts watch develop ments in an experiment which may revolutionize prison welfare. In a place where time means noth ing the prison authorities have turned back 2,000 years, throwing into dis card labor-saving devices of the ma chine age in an effort to occupy the minds and hands of men imprisoned here. Speed and efficiency has gone by the boards, as roundabout, tedious and slow methods of performing tasks are adopted. The man behind the experiment is H. L. Merry, a New Englander, former New York hotel operator and student of economics. He instituted it when he became warden. When Merry arrived he had an appropriation with which to buy im plements and machinery for the 1,000 acre prison farm. Rather than buy tractors and other modern machinery, he began search for a way of doing things that would require more time rather than saving it. He recalled oxen, which he had seen used when he was a boy in Con necticut, and decided that this was probably the slowest method of till ing the soil. First he bought a yoke. They fit so well in his plans that he bought 11 more yokes. "We have what we want," Merry said. "We've got to cut down on speed. There's too much speed in the world." The oxen are popular with the pris oners, Merry reported. Many pris oners have asked to be transferred to ox teams, so they will know how to use them when they complete their terms and go back to their farms, the warden said. Driven are Youths. Five of the ox team drivers are youths—car thieves. Similar success has followed instal lation of hand looms. Merry first bought one for a model and an experi ment. Prison workers constructed another, and are making 20 more. Most of the loom workers are Sioux Indians, sent to the prison from the Dakotas. Like the ox drivers, they like their work. Merry said. Next year the prison will grow its own cotton and sheep for wool. Merry has planned. By hand these fibers will be fabricated into finished products. As Merry discussed his plans, two antiquated horse-drawn vehicles passed. In the vehicles were men being taken to the train to be sent to other prisons, Merry explained. "They could have gone by truck in less time, but why hurry? The pris oners have all the time in the world. A truck would need but one driver. These require two drivers. I've doubled the manpower." ANTI-RADICAL BILLS PEND IN CALIFORNIA Four Measures Aimed at Criminal Syndicalism May Be come Law. By the Associated Press. SACRAMENTO. January 5—New legal locks to tighten up California laws dealing with communism and radicalism will be offered to the 1935 Legislature by Frank G. Martin, As semblyman from Altadena. Martin announced he would intro duce four measures, one of which will parallel the present criminal syndi calism act except it will Include clauses making It a crime to advocate over throw of the Government by force and violence or other illegal means. Martin said he modeled the act from IUinois legislation which has been upheld by the Supreme Court. Use of literature, organizations, dis play of emblems or teaching in schools any thought to advocate overthrow of the Government would be a felony, punishable by a l-to-14-year prison term. Deliberate attendance at an In flammatory meeting or permitting the use of structures for such an assembly would be made a misdemeanor with penalties ranging from $500 to $1.000 fine to six months or a year in jail. Another measure would require that every foreigner employed in a public school of this country take an oath of support of the laws of the United States or suffer dismissal. A third bill would make it a felony to display any emblem advocating overthrow of the Government by vio lence. To the school code would be added a section prohibiting teachers or any school employe from teaching or shielding any person advocating com munism or any plan contemplating the destruction of the Government. MINNESOTA AT GRIPS WITH ECONOMIC PLAN t Gov. Floyd B. Olson May Encounter Opposi tion Before Bringing Big Industries Under Control. BY JERRY VESSELS. Special Dispatch to The 8tar. ST. PAUL, Minn., January 5.—Taking the play away Irom California and its late and lamented Ε. P. I. C proposal, Minnesota's legislators meet this week to begin working on the Farmer-Labor co-operative commonwealth plan. The outcome can be said to be in doubt, judging by the claims of anti-administration leaders, for at least one House and probably both will be organized by conservatives. r lvicaiiwiuic uuv. r ivy u ο. νωυ«» who has just left a Minneapolis hos pital, where he submitted to a major surgical operation, remains far in the background and has given no inkling whatever of the form his biennial legislative message would take. However, in a New Year statement the chief executive indicated the con tinued belief that only drastic alter ations in government will avert chaos. Says Year to Be Potent. "Prom an economic and social standpoint," hii statement said, "the year 1935 promises to be one of the most Important since the beginning of our modern civilized era. "The present economic order has reached a state of crisis throughout the world. Its very fundamentals are threatened. In many of the European countries democracy is fighting for its very life. "The trend of economic and social events in this country has developed into a challenge of the doctrine that property rights are sacred and su preme. "A new order is springing up that says that human rights and human welfare are paramount, that the first consideration of government is to pro mote the happiness of the great masses of its people and that property rights are secondary. "The year 1935 is approached with great hope on the part of the social and economic philosophers. This hope is for a permanent prosperity in which the fruits of commerce and industry are distributed among the masses and not among a few who feel that they are entitled to rights and privileges not enjoyed by the majority of our people." Speech Key to Plan·. That certainly makes it clear enough that Minnesota's young chief executive is determined to keep pounding away on the radical changes that provided the bulwark for the Farmer-Labor platform on which Olson was re-elected for his third term. While Olson was being returned to office in a closer race than even his stunchest foes had anticipated, the voters' reaction to the drastic admin istration propœals cut heavily into Farmer-Labor legislative strength and ruined the Governor's fond hope to control both branches of the State's lawmaking body. The State Senate is definitely lost to the Farmer-Labor cause, »nd will continue conservative apparently by even a greater margin than hereto fore. This means that while an ad ministration henchman, Lieut. Gov. Hjalmar Peterson, will pound the gavel, he will do little else. When the Parmer-Laborites elected their first Governor and lieutenant governor several years ago. the hard bitten Republicans in the Senate cast tradition aside and stripped the lieu tenant governor, presiding officer in the Senate, of his powers to organize that body. Control Plan to Prevail. The Republicans, joined by several old-time Democrats, empowered a committee to set up the Senate ma chinery, and thus the administration was deprived of a potent force in the Upper House. This arrangement again will prevail this session, a poll of the 67 Senators showed. The House, which backed the ad ministration last session through a coalition of Farmer-Laborites and New Deal Democrats, still mindful of the third party support which helped Roosevelt carry Minnesota in 1932, to all appearances will be guided by a combination of Republicans and Democrats who reached office mainly due to protests over criticism of the national administration by some Farmer-Labor leaders. So the path ahead for the co-opera tive commonwealth would appear to be heavily matted with the most for midable kind of obstacles. Yet it seems unlikely that the Gov ernor will change his mind about the party's ambitious program to so cialize industry and swing the State's key industries under party control. Fight No Hurt to Olson. Some political strategists believe that Gov. Olson personally will not sufTer a great deal if the Legislature does turn against him and kill the drastic co-operative commonwealth proposal. These observers contend that the Chief Executive would hope to capitalize on such a reversal, with the belief that splendid campaign ma terial would be provided two years hence, with the argument that condi tions were unchanged because the conservative Legislature blocked his remedial measures. This suggestion Is predicated on the theory that Gov. Olson will run against that great New Deal foe, United States Senator Thomas D. Schall, two years hence. In any event, the coming session promises to become a memorable one. Should anti - administration forces govern the two branches and harrass the administration program, there un doubtedly will be frequent protests and demonstrations by the farmers* holidays associations and allied groups of chronic complainers which provided considerable heckling at the last ses sion. WOMEN WELL EQUIPPED TO FLY, SAYS PHYSICIAN By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, January 5.—Women are well equipped to pilot airplanes, says Dr. Clara Regina Gross of New York. Dr. Groes is one of two women medicos in the United SUtes ap pointed by the Bureau of Air com merce to examine pilots for original licenses and renewals and to study the medical problems associated with flying, particularly as applied to women. The other is Dr. Emma Kit tredge, Los Angeles. "The sharp eye, ability to withstand fatigue, sound heart, quiet nerves, and the mental disposition toward flying air-mindedness—are just as marked in women seeking pilots' licenses as In men," says Dr. Gross.