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THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.. February 14, 1935 THEODOBE W. NOYES.. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Av·. New York Offlce: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building European Offlce: 14 Begent St.. London. Englfnd. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. The Evening Star , 46c oer month The Evealng and Sunday star (when 4 Sundays) tSOe oer month The Evening and Sunday 8t«r (when 6 Sunday») 66c per month The Sunday Star 6e oer copy Night Final Edition. Wight Pinal and Sunday Star 70c per month Night Pinal Star 65c per month CoIlecUon made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mall or téléphona National 6000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday. .1 yr. #10.00: 1 mo.. B5c Dally only 1 yr~ Sft.OO: 1 mo.. 80c Sunday only 1 yr.. $1.00: 1 mo.. 40c AU Other State· and Canada. Dally and Sunday. 1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo-#1.00 Dally only 1 yr.. 58.00:1 mo.. 75c Sunday only 1 yr.. $6.00: 1 mo.. 60c Member of the Associated Press. The Aisoclated Press is exclusively en titled to the use for republication of all newt dispatches credited to it or not other wise credited in this paper and also the local news oublished herein. All right* of Dublicatum of special dispatches herein are also reserved. Guilty ! After a trial lasting six weeks Bruno Richard Hauptmann has been con victed of the murder of the child of Charles Lindbergh and sentenced to death. With that verdict, rendered last night after deliberation for more than eleven hours, the jury at Flem ings η undoubtedly met the expecta tion of a majority of the people, who have been following the case with anxious intentness throughout. There was no question as to the guilt of the accused in the minds of the twelve men and women who sat in judgment. They promptly voted unanimously for conviction, three holding to the alter native of life imprisonment but finally agreeing with the majority that the evidence justified the extreme penalty. This case has held the attention of the country as have few others in history. The brutality of the crime, the prominence of the parents of the child who was stolen for ransom and «lain in the course of the kidnaping, the long search for the perpetrator of the outrage, his final capture through his possession of the ransom money, the spectacular trial, all made for the arousal of Interest which was more than that usually felt in a crime and in the proceedings of the law toward the punishment of its perpetrator. This interest was heightened by the prevalence of a feeling of fear regard ing the abomination of the stealing of human beings for ransom, which has of late become a veritable criminal in dustry in America. Hauptmann s case was exceptional in that he was not a member of a gang. He had no criminal record in this country. There was nothing to direct attention to him until he was caught through the passing of one of the ransom notes. Even then there «as a question as to his identity as the stealer and slayer of the child. He was accused first in New York of ex tortion, then the State of New Jersey charged him with murder and he was tent to that State for trial. His de fense was denial, buttressed by an alibi. His counsel went further, how ever, and set up the contention that the crime had been committed by others, three oi those thu6 charged being dead. In so doing it assumed a burden of proof which usually rest* upon the prosecution. Failure to establish the alibi beyond a reasonable doubt and fail ire to shift the onus of the crime upon others left the case in the hands of the jury in such a man ner as to permit no other verdict than that which was given last night. An appeal will of course be taken. The counsel for the defense has noted many exceptions, particularly to the judge's charge to the jury, which to the unbiased person seemed to be decidedly fair and just. While the date for the execution under the law is set for a day next month, there is strong probability that it will be de layed pending the hearing of the ap peal. There will be much public im patience with this protraction of the case, but it is unavoidable in the pres ent state of judicial procedure. The convicted man has a right to the iullest review of his trial and con demnation, and that his counsel will take the utmost advantage of that right is assured. The conviction of Hauptmann does not undo the wrong he has done. He is now to pay the extreme penalty for his crime, unless his conviction is set aside. His peculiar temperament Is •uch as to cause the belief that he will not confess his guilt. But of that guilt there can now be no doubt, when twelve men and women have, in the light of all the testimony, direct and circumstantial, declared that he is the man who stole the child, caflfeed its death and then took ransom money for its return to its parents, thus mag nifying hie guilt to a degree rarely, if •ver, reached in the records of crime. The D. S. A. has not been fortunate In building dirigibles, great as It is in producing courageous aeronauts to man them. No Reasonable Doubt. The effort of the Hauptmann de fense to Instill into the minds of the twelve Jurors the "reasonable doubt" which the law stipulates as the meas ure of evidence plainly failed, in view of the fact that when they met for their consideration of the case all of them voted for conviction. That three of them balked at the death penalty does not signify that they were in doubt of Hauptmann's guilt. Although they had declared, upon examination as talesmen, that they had no prejudice against the death penalty, they de murred to it at the outset, presumably upon other grounds, perhaps with the thought that Hauptmann may have had confederates In his crime. The promptness and unanimity of the jury in voting for conviction may be taken as proof that no question remained In their minds on (he score of Hauptmann's participation. It was clearly the aim of the defense through out the trial to plant that question in the minds of the twelve, by the Im peachment of the witnesses for ttoe prosecution, by the advancement of testimony to account for the posses sion of funds in large amount, by the indication of others who might have committed the crime. That this effort failed was plain from the manner in which the jury voted on the first ballot. There was one factor that lies within the realm of psychology that may have had a weight in this deter* mlnation of the jury. That was the failure of the defense to explain In reasonable terms why Hauptmann, if innocent of participation in the crime, did not restore the property of his former partner, Fisch, to his family after Fisch's depth in Germany. This placed Hauptmann in the position, at best, of being false to his friend. It exposed him to the full force of the charge that either Fisch was his asso ciate in the crime or that he had been Introduced as a scapegoat who could not be summoned from the grave and so could not defend himself. The Administration Wins. The "compromise" won by the ad ministration on the prevailing wage provision of the S4.800.000.000 relief bill is a compromise in name only. The administration is completely vic torious in establishing the principle for which it has contended, which Is that the President shall prescribe the rates of pay on the work-relief proj ects. The so-called compromise is represented in a provision that if the new works program is depressing pre vailing rates of pay, or has depressed prevailing wage rat.es in any locality, the President must pay the "prevail ing" scale on the relief projects. The fear of those advocating the prevailing wage scale provision has been that the relief wages would tend to pull down prevailing pay rates to ward the relief level cf $50 a month. And the so-called compromise on the prevailing wage issue does not elimi nate that danger. If the President should increase relief wages to the prevailing rates, after prevailing rates have already been pulled down by the relief wages, the stable will have been locked, it is true, but the horse will have been stolen. That is undoubtedly the reason that the compromise is not regarded as a compromise, as far as organized la bor—anxious to protect prevailing wages—is concerned, but a clear-cut administration victory. The amend ment as rewritten allows the Presi dent to delegate to some official or to some agency of the Government the task of investigating to determine whpthpr "the Drevailing rate of wages paid is affecting adversely or is likely to decrease the prevailing rate of wages paid for any work of a similar nature" in any locality. But I the investigation is 'entirely discre 1 tionary with the President. He may ! or he may not investigate. Or should an investigation be undertaken, the wage rates in tfte locality affected may already have lowered to a new "prevailing" level. Senator Glass defended the new proposal which finally won in com mittee, laying great stress on the huge obligations Incurred by the Govern ment through the relief bill and force fully arguing that they should not be increased. They would be increased, he indicated, if the Govenimèn* at tempted to pay the prevailing wage on the relief undertakings. That is wholly correct, should the Govern ment seek to give five or six days a week employment to all the employ ables on the relief rolls. It woutd not necessarily be true if the Government saw fit to limit total wage payments to its beneficiaries to fifty dollars a month, but limited their days of em ployment—on which days they would be paid the prevailing rates of the locality. The administration victory in com mittee on the prevailing wage rates amendment, together with the elimi nation of the "dole" provision, which would have made the President rely more on a continuation of the direct relief policy, are probable forerunners of similar victories when the bill reaches the Senate floor. The ad ministration seems to have regained the upper hand, after 3 period whiçh put its grip on the Seriate to the tesjt. < Much enlightenment might be af forded if professional restraint di4 not prevent Attorney Reilly from tell* ing everything he may have found cut about the underworld in preparing his1 case. Hitler's Answer. Germany's position regarding the recent Franco-British program for the pacification of Europe is now ready and about to be transmitted to the Paris and London governments. Ad vance reports from Berlin Indicate that the cardinal feature of Fuehrer Hitler's reply will be a demand for a plebiscite In Austria, to determine whether or not that country desires to join Germany, as a condition of German participation in any pact to guarantee Austrian independence. It Is also Indicated that the Reich will only join a proposed air pact if it allows Germany aviation strength equal to that of the Soviet Union. Nor will the Reich be a party to any "Eastern Locarno" based on mutual assistance. It might consider a non aggression pact, but will not listen to anything that might commit Ger many to "get mixed up in a war be tween Russia and Japan." This Is said also to be the poeltion of Poland. Finally, before anything pise can be talked about, Hitler insiste that the Western powers must concede Ger many's absolute equality in arma ments. Germany's overwhelming victory in the Saar plebiscite last month was bound to whet the Nazis' desire to recover other war-lost territory· such as that now incorporated In Lithuania, Denmark and Belgium. The ten-year peace accord with Poland has tempo rarily cooled Nasi ardor to retrieve the Corridor which cute across East Prus sia. but the longing for Anschluss (union) with Austria endures. Hitler evidently sees an opportunity to haggle with the allied powers for German annexation of the attenuated and de crepit Hapsburg realm through a plebiscite. Although Austria is proba bly not saturated with Nazi sentiment to the extent that the Hitlerites claim, the country is overwhelmingly German In population, language and tradition, and it is extremely likely that a fervid ly organized Anschluss campaign, such as the Nazis know so well how to conduct, would roll up an impressive pro-German vote, even though Aus trians would be sure to realize that In joining Germany their country would automatically sink to the level of Ber lin's vassal. Europe, especially France and Italy, will ponder seriously any project likely to eventuate in the territorial, military and economic expansion of Nazi Ger many. The only conditions on which the Reich is now reported to be ready to take part in European "appease ment" are certain to arouse resentment and probably definite opposition. But Fuehrer Hitler is manifestly in trading mood and determined to drive a hard bargain for the Reich. It will be a j thousand pities if the laborious efforts ' to lay foundations for enduring tran quillity "over there" go to smash on the rocks of German intransigence. The Nazi regime Incessantly vocifer ates its desire for peace. It will not strengthen the world's belief in the Reich's sincerity of purpose if it per sistently thwarts attempts to bring peace through collective action. Hitler proposes a vote in Austria to decide whether that country desires to show him allegiance. The Saar result may easily have increased his self-confidence as the managing di rector of a plebiscite. • » <§» ι - Haile Selassie of Ethiopia defies Benito Mussolini of Italy. Haile also has a constituency requiring his as surance that he can whip anybody else ι on earth. An after-dinner speech In honor of Lincoln was sufficient to remind the world vividly enough that Herbert Hoover Is not to be numbered among the forgotten men. New Jersey may again look for ward to a time when its appeal to [ public interest may be based on noth ing more serious than a seashore ! beauty contest. If a new trial should be secured by Hauptmann he may be inclined to in sist on following the recent custom of employing a few psychoanalysts. Some of the programs for wealth distribution by new political aspirants show a disposition to out-Santa Santa Claus. SHOOTING STARS. i BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Above the Ruin. To excavations we proceed Where cities have been hurled By earthquakes with relentless speed Into the underworld. The beauty that has been concealed Again will be released And In its glory stand revealed With majesty increased. We view with a contented mind A new day now begun. As from the underworld we find Earth toils on toward the sun. An 1'nsought Reciprocity. "Do you think we ought to Interfere with the affairs of Europe?" "Oh. yes," answered Senator Sor ghum, "provided we can do «ο without giving Europe a pretext for interfering in our affairs." Bad News Averted. I don't require my friend to be ( Invariably right, Provided that In him I see Intention still polite. The weather man will spoil my rest With tales of blizzards strong. Sometimes I really like him best When he's entirely wrong. Moral Mathematics. "What became of the man you called 'public enemy No. 1.'" "We employed a little shotgun arith metic," answered Cactus Joe, "and put a minus sign before him." "In moments of agitation," said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, "I seek to appear most placid so as to afford my neighbor, Hi Hat, no excuse for ex tending an irritating pretense of sym pathy." Back to the Old Home. I The scribes will come hence Prom that Flemlngton scene, , Where phrases intense « Left no moment serene, ί In low or high places ! Old ways will be taught. Foot ball and the races Again claim our thought '"Size don't always count," said Uficle Eben. "When dey 'β singin' "bout risers I still likes dat little old Sv»anee better dan 'Old Man River* dt de 'Volga Boatman'." Law Charges. PrJm the Philadelphia Record. Following up the citation of eight Philadelphia lawyers by the Board of Judges of the Common Pleas Courts, on {recommendation of the special committee of the Bar Association, the report of that special committee is to be made public. It, must be recognized that the ac cused attorneys are not convicted. They are simply charged with miscon duct. and. like any other defendant, «ill'have the benefit of a fair and open trial. The complaint of some—that they have had no chance to defend them selves before the Bar Association Com mittee—la answered by the fact that the Baf Committee's charges are In the nature of an Indictment by a granb jury, which never hear· de fendants. AU concerned will have their day In court. f THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES S. TRACEWELL. A modern housewife has something expected of her which housewives of former ages did not have to think much about. She must be charming! In the old days all she had to do was be a good woman, a good cook, a good wife. Now she must possess the Inde finable power of delighting others. She muet excite love and admira tion, In addition to all her other duties. This does not mean that she must be what they used to call a "charmer." » word which has gone out of style. Modern charm is a great deal more elusive than that. ** It gets nearer to the meaning of the French word, charme, from the Latin carmen, a song. The qualities of a song, considered simply as a song, are thoee of light, airy grace, fto doubt when most of us think of a song, that Is what we think about. » » * * In all modern ideas of the charming person rests something of the ancient idea of the verb, to charm, to be witch, to Influence as by magic, to endow with magic power, to captivate, delight. These are elusive qualitlee, truly, but not confined solely to women. Men, too. a lovely lady tells us, can be charming. Somehow this is different from pos sessing a personality, as such. One may have personality, as the word is usually taken, without being a bit charming, or at least so we are told. * * * * The word charming" has been bandied around so much during recent years that It really means little any more, but some persons specialize In its use. Every one they know—especially when they desire to make an Impres sion on others—is "charming." Such charming people one never knew, but they know 'em, all right! Everybody they know is so very charming that the listener is made to feel out of place in such a brilliant constellation. When he happens to meet some of those persons, however, he is very nuch pleased to see that they are much as all other human beings. * * « * Wherefore, he begins to wonder where the "charm" comes in. Is there, after all. such a thing? Can It be said to be any more than personality—the old-fashioned per sonal magnetism? Through the ages mankind has rec ognized the possession by certain of its members of powers of persuasion not poesessed by all. These powers made their holders delighting, captivating to others. Not all. of course. This magic quality, like most qualities, does not work in all directions all the time. The idea of bewitching, influencing as by magic, always has been incor porated in the idea expressed by the word "charm." The word itself as a noun means some sort of verse, sentence, word, act or object having occult power. An amulet, a trinket may be a charm. So the person who Is said to cap tivate us is declared by admirers to be charming, possessed of magic abil ity beyond ordinary mortals. * m * * I Charm today, especially for women, is recognized as being composed of certain ingredients, mental and phy sical. It 1· the belief of many that these things can be both taught and acquired by study. No doubt they can. Just how much charm one could acquire, by taking thought, would depend entirely upon the person. Perhap· It is here as with chemistry, there are some persons who .would learn a great deal more than others, simply because their natures were agreeable to that which had to be attained. Every one who has been to school knows how it is. Chemistry, for In stance, comes very hard to certain natures, easy to others. One young person in four years of study will be come a chemist, actually, another in theory only. Both, however, will be benefited, to some degree at least. Just as some persons, however, were never Intended to be chemists, having rather a hankering for the inexacti tudes of English composition, not every human being can become charm ing. in the best sense. Whatever stick·, however, will be helpful. * * * * The question of whether everybody ought to try to be charming Is (Juite another matter. The idea of universal education, ao called, has spread, until moet of us have the naive idea nowadays that there ought to be universal charm, universal cleverness, universal cleanli ness. universal musical ability, uni versal appreciation for dogs, old books, gems, flowers, mountain climbing, skiing, skeet shooting, bottles, glass ware, furniture, tropical flsh, postage stamps Yes. we must all be all things, know all things, enjoy all things Bosh! No one ever did, and no one ever will. Many persons, however, have made the pretense, and many no doubt will continue to make It. Those of us who are not at all charming should waste no time la menting it. Some of us even may be so obdu rate as to refuse to be charming if we could. The world must not be lost in a wel ter of charm. Let some misuse the word as they will. We Insist that· there is a place for the utterly un charming person. The truth is that many persons will be as unable to be charming, in the strict modern sense, as an elephant. The pachyderm may be a very fine fellow, a right proper elephant, but, when it comes to charm, he is an out cast. There is many a man. and many a woman, too, let us whisper, who can no more be charming than a barn door. Nor should they worry about It. This is a vast world, and conflict ' seems to be the core of It. I Roughness is. at bottom, a good trait, even In civilization, ti It is not too rough. We are all wolves, at bottom, and whoever heard of a charming wolf? Yet there is something ennobling about the struggling housewife who ; wants to be one of the charming ones i of earth, something engaging in the ! young man who feels that an elusive I popularity can be gained by stricter observance of certain magic rules. Some are born charming, but most acquire it, If they are to have it ever. ι STARS, MEN AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. A disturbing variation as great as six miles a second in the speed of light—a range from 299.770 to 299.780 kilometers—has astronomers puzzled. The results of nearly 3,000 separate determinations made in a vacuum through a mile-long pipe have just been announced by Dr. F. G. Pease of the Carnegie Institution of Wash ington" who was associated with the late Prof. Albert A. Mlchelson in this supposedly final effort to fix the value of one of the fundamental constants of creation. For practical purposes the speed of light, by far the greatest speed of which man has any conception. Is usually stated in a round number— 186,000 miles a second. But for finer calculations (and much of the current speculation on the nature and struc ture of the universe is predicated quite precisely on this constant) an exact figure is essential. The late Prof. Michelson started the project, with a grant from the Car negie Institution of Washington, in 1926. The mile course was measured and remeasured with extreme exacti tude by engineers of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The possible error was less than one part in 10 million. It was spoken of as "the most accu rately measured mile in the world." The evacuated pipe line was set up with a system of rotating mirrors and j measurements started. During 1931 493 separate determi nations were made. The mean value obtained was 299,770 kilometers a second. During the first few months of 1932 there were 753 determina tions. The mean value was 299,780. Then 742 determinations in the latter part of 1932 gave a mean value of 299,771. To add to the confusion, 897 determinations in 1933 gave a mean of 299,775. The mean of all was 299,774, which probably will re main the accepted value until the reasons for the variations can be found and allowance made for them. The clue now being followed Is that the larger values tend to cluster about the early months of each year and the variations can be arranged in a time curve. There is some likelihood. Dr. Pease believes, that a tidal effect is involved and the solution of the problem may bring the astronomers Into contact with some hitherto unsuspected law of nature. They have established to their own satisfaction that the dif ficulty cannot be found in their own instruments, and the Coast and Geo detic Survey is certain that the mile is as near perfect as a mile can be measured. * ♦ * * The astronomers do not believe that the speed of light, per se, actually varies. It is one of the few constants In a highly chaotic cosmos which now is considered as fundamental. If It is not a fixed quantity the problem of reducing to order the vast reaches of space, where distance is stated in terms of the vastnesses traversed by light in a year, becomes far more complicated than hitherto has been supposed. Astronomers now talk in terms of millions of light years. A million light years is about the dis tance of the nearest of the nebulae, or systems of stars existing beyond the reaches of our own galaxy. So even a variation of fire miles a second would lead to a very considerable error. Indeed, when multiplied by 8,000,000,000,000 — the number of seconds separating us from our near est galactic neighbor. Even for dis tances within the galaxy itself there would be some astounding differences. For more practical determinations of terrestrial magnitudes the differences are so small that any errors intro duced probably would be well within the range of probable error. One of the hypotheses of the orig inal Einstein theory, growing out of the failure of the celebrated Michel son-Morley experiment to detect the motion of the earth through space, was that the seped of light was the ultimate velocity upon which the me chanics of the universe depends. Espe cially in the Lorenz hypothesis, ve locity, mass and linear measurements become all mixed up and the length of any object diminishes with speed until, at the ultimate speed, it is re duced to zero. A constant representing the speed of light enters into many fundamental questions, such as that for the trans formation of mass into energy. * * * * Prof. Michelson, perhaps the great est of American physicists, died with the problem to which he had devoted the major efforts of his life still un solved, although he had reason to believe that he had brought it within reach of ultimate solution. Upon the Carnegie Institution astronomers has fallen the task of finishing the work and of determining—within the very narrow limits of Instrumental error— just what is the trouble. Frobably with instruments now available it will be impossible to de termine the speed of radiant energy within a range better than a mile or two a second—but six miles a second is altogether too great an error. But they are seeking the solution in ter restrial or solar system influences—not in the legarthic assumption of a varia tion in what astronomical theory de mands be nature's most stable con stant. Still Mailing Out the Pistols. Prom the Milwaukee Journal. "Discovery of two paper cartons from a mail-order house in which two revolvers had been shipped only re cently Indicated the murder was planned long in advance." This news item concerns the tragic shooting In Chicago In which a crazed young man and his mother killed two relief workers, the son then killing his mother and himself. How come? The retail mail-order business in pistols has been outlawed. They can be shipped legally only from manufacturer to dealer, or direct to members of the armed forces of the United States and to peace officers authorized to enforce the low. How is it that a erased boy can buy guns in this way? A Wisconsin father, head of a fam ily that stands well in its community reported recently that he found h 14 12-year-old son carrying a pistol to school. When the boy was asked where he got It he replied that he bought it from a mpil-order house. The law was passed to break up just such things as this. And it is the duty of the postal department to enforce the statute. We understand that It Is not practical to open every package that is mailed. Nevertheless, a good deal closer check-up will have to be made than apparently is being made. And where a mall-order dealer Is found who violates the law he should, without delay, get the limit of punish ment. The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Organized labor, u represented by the American Federation of Labor, loet Its first round in Its battle with President Roosevelt over the McCar ran "prevailing wage" amendment to the $4,000,000,000 work relief MU. A so-called compromise, worked out by administration Senators, was adopted by a vote of 14 to 9 in the Senate Appropriations Committee before the bill was ordered reported to the Sen ate Itself. This compromise, accord ing to the labor leaders, is not only unsatisfactory, but a little worse than nothing. It authorises the President to pay what wages he sees fit on these work relief projects—the so called "security wage" presumably, which has been averaged at about $50 a month. Then It goes on to provide that if the payment of lower wages than those paid by private industry have the effect of reducing wage scales In private industry, then the President or his representatives are to look Into the matter and if the reduction of private wage scales can be traced to the action of the Gov ernment, then the President must pay the prevailing wage scale. As the labor leaders say: "Isn't that something?" After the wages of pri vately employed workers have come down, then the Government Is to do something about It. * * * * The flght, of course, Is not yet over. Already telegrams from labor unions all over the country are beginning to pour In. Senators are hearing from home. Some of the Senators are be gininng to wonder just why the ad ministration hangs on to Its original position in opposition to the prevail ing wage amendment. Labor leaders have pointed out how the same amount of money can be used to give 3,500,000 men and women work on these relief projects and still pay the prevailing wage It could be done by paying the hourly wage and limiting the number of hours, thereby making frequent shifts of workers. From the point of view of labor, this Is an entirely rea sonable way of handling the matter. The open debate in the Senate on the question of the McCarran amend ment, to be followed by a roll call vote in the open Senate, is likely to be in mteresting. The 'compromise" held out by the administration may be enough to keep some of the Senators in line who otherwise would feel they must support the McCarran amend ment. It apparently was enough in the Senate committee. * * * * The vote on the amendment of fered by Senator Adams of Colorado, a Democrat, to slice $2,000,000,000 off the total amount allowed for relief in the pending bill waa closer than that on the McCarran amendment. It went down to defeat 12 to 11. It looks as though the Adams amend ment, it it is offered from the floor of the Senate, may have less chance of adoption than the prevailing wagr amendment. The progressives on both sides of the chamber. Democrats and Republicans, will oppose the cut in the appropriation, and, added to the strictly administration Senators, thçy should be sufficient to prevent the adoption of the Adams amendment. On the other hand, It is going to be terribly difficult for the progressives to oppose the McCarran amendment. Two Republican progressives in the committee. Nye of North Dakota and Norbeck of South Dakota, both voted against the administration compro mise and for the McCarran amend ment In committee yesterday, and two Republican conservatives. Hale of Maine and Keyes of New Hampshire, voted for the administration com promise and against the McCarran amendment. And the two Republi can progressives voted against the Adams amendment, and. by the same token, the two conservatives supported the cut In the appropriation. ♦ * * * I The work relief bill, which was slipped through the House * cas rule in rapid-fire motion, is ^require time in the Senate. There will be a flood of amendments offered and each subject to debete. There will be efforts to tnmase the total appropriation beyond the $4.880000. 000 mark as well efforts to decrease · The Black 30-hour work week mesure may be presented as an amendmen . and there is talk of a currency in flation amendment. The adm'nlS£*: tion will bring all its influence to bear to speed the bill thrcugh the Upper House as quickly as possible and in the shape it desires. * * * * ι When the President the bill earning the restoration ο««ωΐ 'P« Government workers beginning April 1 next, a statement was issued from the White House saying that this would entail an expenditure o***®·" 000 000 in excess of the budget figures it may be necessary to Increasethe taxes on that account, it was said in the statement, eonit^rtng th^ ftct be launched by the administration, thp Dublic may wonder, after all, whether it I the $4.000.000.000 or the $16,000.000 which is gg»* necessary an increase in Federal *·»*«· perhaps the need of extra ^xes is making itself. If ». some reason must be advanced for them. * * * * Former Preisdent Herbert Hoover Go^ Hoffman of New Jersey and President Glenn Frank of ^he Uni versity of Wisconsin Perfopned ac rnrdine to ichedule at the Lincoln day dinner given by the Nftti°nal Republican Club in New York.. If th SFfiS'S·* job. Mr Hciver I was more restrained In h Κ remarks 1 than the others. If he had delib ! Irately made a political attack on the I Roosevelt administration the inter nretation would have been that he was seeking a presidential nomina tion In 1936. If there Is going to be a Hoover candidacy.it will be because the areat mass of Republicans turn to hfm as ïhTmost available candi sa sas? sss· % SSts^^SS SVS and when he concluded. » * * * ™ wo» 25 cmîw Λ· Mexico, s®"" nrSsive are preparing to force the Kbtfore the Senate Privileges and Sis Committee before long The LeirtalatureUi the State, Democratically I controlled, pas«ed an authorizing a special committee to in vestlgate the November election an* charges of fraud and irregularities against the Cutting side. The tack which was made against Senator Cutting by the Democratic high com mand during the campaign was a bit astonishing m vie^ of the fact that Mr. Cutting had been a strong »up porter of President Roosevelt in me 1932 campaign, abandoning the Re Chilean national ticket to throw In S* lot with the Democrats. Cutting belongs to the group of Rej>"bU"{1. nrogreslvee In the Senate and he will have their support to this contest .The détermination of the Democratic lead era to "get" Mr. Cutting seems to be traceable to his unwUlingneeato follow the President to hU ecooomy program, which called for cutting down ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q Does Iceland have prohibition?— M. R. τ. A. Prohibition has been lifted In Iceland after 20 years. It was official ly repealed December 18, 1934, after a popular referendum in October, 1933. At the time the government failed to introduce a bill legalizing spirituous liquors, so repeal was Inactive until February, 1935. Q Was there really a boy who stood on the burning deck?—M. E. C. A. At St. Naiaire, Prance, a sub marine was recently named Casa blanca. in honor of the 10-year-old boy who went down on hi* father's ship, which was sunk by the British during the Napoleonic wars The ship was christened by a relative of the boy, Judge de Casablanca. Q Who succeeded the late Warren Eaton as president of the Soaring So ciety of America?—F. L B. A. Lieut. Comdr. Ralph 8. Barnaby of the Construction Corps, United States Navy, has been elected to that office. Q. How many dentist* are there in France?—T. B. A. In 1930 there were 8.324 In the same year New York City had 6,251. Q. What Is the other name lor Ground Hog day?—I. F. A. This day is also known as Can dlemas day, and the old rhyme ran, "Today half the grain and halt the hay," referring to the fact that at Candlemas day half of the Winter's supply of food should still remain. If there was leas than this amount there would not be enough to last until the new crops were ready for use. Q. What was the name of the horse that beat Man o' War?—Η. B. A In 21 starts Man o' War was de feated but onct, and then by a colt named Upset Q Why do certain localities have more cases of goiter than others do?— C. J. H. A. The Public Health Service says that in certain areas, particularly in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, the drinking water does not contain a suf ficient iodine content to supply the natural needs of the human body. As a result, numerous cases of goiter de veloped In those areas. This situation may be prevented in part by the addi tion of Iodine to the water supply at regular Intervals. Q How long has Coalport china ! been made?—N. M. 6 A. The Coalport china works were i founded by John Rose, who began I business in 1780. This is one of the I few china factories that have con : tinued to the present day. Q. What Is the name of the Nor ; wegian singer who made her debut ι this season with the Metropolitan? —c. s. Q Kirsten Flags tad made her first ; appearance at the Metropolitan as , Siegllnde in "Die Walkure." Q At what age was Marshal Foch made generalissimo of the allied armies?—W. M. A. Marshal Foch was born October 2, 1851, and accepted the command of the united allied armies Arpll 14, 1918, at the age of 87. Q Has Germany maternity insur ance?—8. G. A. For many years in Germany there has been a compulsory insur ance for employed persons. When ever an employed woman had a child, her absence, because of pregnane? and child birth, was considered illness within the meaning of this act. Until 1927 there was no provision lor any maternity insurance for unemployed women. In that year * law provid ing for such insurance was passed. Although many changes were made in it in 1932. when the Hitler regime came into power, it is still in opera tion and in general it may be said that any woman in Germany may be entitled to receive financial assistance at the time her children are bom. ta a matter of fact, practically all coun tries, except the United State·, pro vide maternity Insurance la same form or other. Q How much will the central tower of the Liverpool Cathedral cost?— D. M A. Cathdral Age says that a gift of 220,000 pounds sterling has been made toward the building of this tower. The donors are Lord Vestey and his brother, Sir Edmund Vestey. Q. How Is Easter Sunday deter· mined?—N. A. A. In A.D. 325 the Council of tlM Christian Churches at Nlcaea adopted the present rule for determining the date of Easter, which is that Easter shall be on the first Sunday following the paschal full moon which happens upon or next after the 21st of March. The principal reason advanced for placing Easter Sunday on this date was that the pilgrims needed moon light to travel on their way to the great yearly Easter festivities. The date of Easter may vary at present between March 22 and April 25, over a period of 35 days. If the paschal full moon falls on a Sunday, then Easter day is the next Sunday. The paschal full moon is the fourteenth day of a lunar month reckoned ac cording to an ancient ecclesiastical computation and not the real or astronomical full moon. Q. From what Government source can the value of American money In various countries be obtained?—Β. K. A. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York Is required, under the tariff law. to maintain Information on all foreign exchange rates. Q. Is the African jungle noisy at night?—J. A. L. A. Explorers who have spent some time in the African jungles have de scribed the jungle as being filled with the noises of many animals during the night. Q. Is it possible to photograph the optical Illusion known as a mirage? —N. C. H. A. It can be photographed. This has been done many times. Q Did Benjamin Franklin or Rich ard Saunders publish Poor Richard's Almanack?—D. W. A. Poor Richard's Almanack was an almanac first issued in 1732 and an nually thereafter for 25 years, by Ben jamin Franklin, under the pseudonym of Richard Saunders. Q. Where is the Maine Desert?—L. F. L. A. What is known as the Maine Desert lies within the village of Free port. This desert is of comparatively recent formation, and covers about 800 acres. The land was formerly green fields and pastures. The soil was shallow and the sand immediately beneath. The cause of the present condition is not definitely known. Some say that gracing sheep cropped : the grass to the roots and destroyed the turf. Others attribute it to fire A second desert lies in the vicinity of Waterville, Me. This Is much smaller. Q How many high schools are there in this country?—L. P. T. I A. About 28.000. ;Of(er to Russia Reasonable, In Opinion of American Press t "He who sups with the Soviet needs a long spoon," remarks the San Fran I cisco Chronicle, thus epitomizing the I feeling implicit In much of the Ameri ' can newspaper comment on the failure ■ of the debt negotiations between Rus ; sia and the United States. "Most Americans," thinks the New Haven Journal-Courier, "will agree that the American oiler reads as more than reasonable. Claims against Rus sia. Including the Kerensky loan, re pudiated bonds and confiscation of American-owned property, totaled ap proximately $600,000,000. Russia In return pressed claims for damages for American participation in allied In tervention in Archangel. Balancing the two and scaling down the Ameri can claims. Mr. Hull, after conferences with the President, offered to settle for one-fourth the fuil amount. $150, 000.000. An average of 20 years for liquidation was provided. Moreover, that there should be no direct drain upon Russian finances, payment could be made In the form of added interest charges on credit advanced. Payment, that is, could arise from actual busi ness transacted. It seemed a neat plan. But It is now on the diplo matic ash-heap. The tone oi Mr. Hull's statement implies that the next step, 11 any, must come from the Soviet government." The San Francisco Chronicle, re calling that "in the exchanges that accompanied our recognition of the Russian government that country made fairly definite promises about debt settlements," recognizes that there were some handicape on both sides and explains: "The Soviet does not want to set a precedent for others of its debtors. The Soviet, even though a dictatorship, fears to ofTend Its reds by recognizing the debts of its capitalistic predecessors. Our Gov ernment fears to offend Senate die hards who clamor for "payment in full or let 'em be welshers.' In these cir cumstances it is hard for either gov ernment to get down to business on a realistic basis. If the Soviet pays at all on the debts, it thinks it must camouflage the payment. If our Gov ernment lets Russia off on any part of payment, it may think it has to camouflage that." * "The promised Russian trade." In the opinion of the Louisville Courier iJournal, "le a wlll-o'-the wisp." The Courier-Journal points out that "with out a debt settlement, the Soviet, un der the Johnson act, cannot borrow In the United States, and without loans in this country, tt cannot buy." "Ihe Louisville paper understands that both countries want the trade that was promised, but concludes: "The plan brought back from Moscow by Am bassador Troyanovski and widely heralded as a solution of the contro versy. though never made public, was turned down after a flve-mlnute con ference. The two nations are as far apart as they were twelve months ago, and despite the fact that both are de sirous of an agreement which would be of mutual benefit, such an agree ment is apparently impossible. In | the compensation of Word War vet eran·. Former Representative Dennis Chaves, who to contesting the election and insisting that be himself was the victor, is rated a strong administration Democrat. fact, steps are being taken to do away with the Import-Export Bank estab lished to facilitate Russia-American trade following an accord on the $500,000,000 pre revolutionary obliga tions and the claims of Americans whose property was confiscated by the Bolshevik regime." "It may be said that our foreign policy, judged on It* record to date, is in the red," observes the Roanoke (Va.) Times, while the Reno (Nev.) Evening Gazette holds that "it looks as if Russian had merely joined the nations of Europe." The Minneapolis Star feels that "when It come· to In ternational diplomacy, Uncle Sam has about as much chance as Polly anna in a small-town poker game." The Los Angeles Times declares that "there never was any reasonable hope that the Russian government would pay for recognition the price it inferen tial^ promised." New Deal Laboratories. Prom the Charleston (β. C.) Krenlns Pom. Λ proposal has been made in the Legislature of Arkansas that the State offer itself as a testing ground for Secretary Wallace's plan of an eco nomic supreme court, which should evolve economic and social programs and submit them directly to the peo ple for ratification or rejection, with out reference to the legislative branch of the government In Louisiana. Huey Long is experi menting with strictly personal gov ernment. from which the New Deal ers should be able .to derive consider able Interesting information. There is no limit to the possibilities of this idea of utilizing the States as laboratories for New Deal notions. And, if the Federal Government will put up the money, no doubt any State will be glad to hire out its sovereignty for the experiment. Pistols, Toy and Real. Prom the Indluupolu New·. Indiana has found a law forbidding the sale of toy pistols and may aee whether there is one referring to the real thing. The Dual Objective. Prom the Jacksonville (Pis.) TlmM-Unlon. In New Orleans the other day two motorists hit the same telephone pole. We have often noticed two or more cars after the same pedestrian. Il Duce'· Understudies. Prom the San Antonio Sxpreas. The Mussolinis are expecting their sixth child—but that still will be on· short of the number required to take over papa's cabinet job·. Minimum Danger. Prom the Oenev» <N. T.) Times. Nebraska's one-chamber Legislature seems to be based on the theory that one house can do only half as much damage as two. Omar Modernized. Prom the Grand Rspids Press. If old Omar were writing his poetry for today he could just say. "A can ef soup, an electric toaster and thou." %> Α Λ