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HITLER TEARS UP VERSAILLES PACT 500,000 Army Is Ordered to Be Built on Compulsory Training. (Continued From First Page.) national respect as a co-guarantor of peace." Announced by Goebbels. The startling announcement, com ing just six days after Minister of War Hermann Wilhelm Goering's forthright admission that Germany has an air force and intends to keep it, was made by Minister of Propa ganda Paul Joseph Goebbels. Goebbels summoned foreign corre spondents to the propaganda minis try an hour ahead of time. He received them in the same room where he told the sensational story of the shootings of Nazi leaders in the "blood purge" of June 30, 1934. As he read with his clear voice, propaganda ministry and foreign of fice attaches stood about him and Schutz Staff el (picked Nazi guards) men guarded the doors. Hitler's sudden return to Berlin from Berchtesgaden was carefully con cealed. He left Bavaria yesterday afternoon and conferred far into the night in the chancellory. The cabinet meet ing was called for 1 p.m. The entire scheme had been drawn up in ad vance, so that the cabinet meeting was comparatively short. Cheered by Cabinet. When Hitler announced his de cision to put the Reich back amons the world's big army nations, official sources said, the cabinet rose and cheered. Afterward, led by Gen. Werner von Blomberg. Reichswehr minister, the ministers gave three "heils" for Hit ler. and Von Blomberg briefly assured Dcr Fuehrer of the army's loyalty. The propaganda minister an nounced that Hitler would remain in Berlin for tomorrow's memorial serv ices honoring the Reich's 2.000.000 war dead, and then will return to Bavaria to spend another week. The German press, which has bit terly denounced France's new mili tary measures during the past two days, was quick to seize upon Der Fuehrer's declaration as "recovery of Germany's honor." "Germany's Great Day." "This is the German nation's great day." the Korrespondenz, organ of the Nazi party, said, declaring the German people at last freed from "the ignominy which has oppressed them ior 16 years." Echoing Hitler's protestations of peace, the newspaper said: "We believe that this day will her ald a new era of peacefu* co-oper ation among European peoples." Observers agreed that Hitler, by his bold and characteristic stroke, had pulled Germany forever from the Versailles treaty, against which all German governments have fought for 15 years. By the same token they believed he had balsted the very bases for the Simon-Hitler negotiations scheduled for the next week end and seized in advance the advantages England and France had offered in return for join ing their peace plan. Details I'p to Blomberg. The date of calling the first men to the colors, the ages of the classes and the period of service all have been left to the discretion of Gen. von Blom berg, subject to Hitler's approval, it was stated. Wild applause and singing greeted Goebbel's reading of Hitler's appeal and the three-paragraph decree over the radio at the Sportsplast, where the propaganda minister had been scheduled to speak on another sub ject. Everywhere in Berlin there was rejoicing. Thousands gathered in front of the brightly illuminated chancellory yell ing for Hitler and singing the na tional anthem at the top of their voices, while extra newspaper editions appeared with headlines in red an nouncing "historic hours.' At the chancellory Kitler and Kon itantin von Neurath. foreign minister, received the Ambassadors of France. England, Italy and Poland, officially informing them of the new action and later Goering, Von Blomberg, Von Neurath and Goebbels were closçted with Hitler. 1 GOLD BLOC CRISIS DISCUSSED TODAY German Issue Eclipses Finan cial Parley at Paris. By the Associated Press. PARIS. March 16.—Germany's re Introduction of compulsory military service tonight gave promise of over shadowing monetary questions at to morrow's conference of French and Belgian statesmen. Although the visit of Premier George Theunis and Foreign Minister Paul Hymans of Belgium was intended primarily to discuss the advisability of another conference among Europe's gold bloc countries, it was expected ; their conversations with Premier Pierre-Etienne Flandin would deal largely with German rearmament. The meeting of the Belgians and Flandin will take place tomorrow morning at the French statesman's residence. It was understood the Belgians would seek economic aid for their country, whose currency is be ing heavily attacked. Fear that Belgium is about to de ■ value her currency is prevalent in the gold bloc nations. It was dis closed today, financial circles here as serting Belgian industry is anxious to cheapen the belga in order to ar rive at financial equality with Great Britain. Last October in Brussels the gold » bloc countries reached an agreement I to seek an increase in commercial • exchange among themselves of 10 per cent over the preceding year. The Belgian balance of trade with France has grown more unfavorable, however, and Theunis and Hymans were expected to plead that fact and the campaign for devaluation of the belga as reasons why France should lend assistance. If aid is denied and Belgium is forced oft the gold standard one ι authoritative source said "it might be the beginning of the end" of the « gold bloc. Seeks $25,000 Grant. The British Gliding Association will permit smaller clubs to enter its mem bership. thus qualifying the organiza < . tion for the air ministry's grant of ■ 935,000 a year. » > As Germany Enters the Arms Race Glimpses of the military background of Germany. The launching of evidences of a strongly nationalistic nation came to the surface yesterday the cruiser Deutschland. machine gunners in a trench. Hitler returning in Adolph Hitler's scrapping of the Versailles treaty the salute of Nazi followers, Der Fuehrer and Mussolini. All these —A. P. and Wide Porld Photos. ( Text of Hitler's Plea to "Safeguard World Peace" By the Associated Press. ; BERLIN. March 16.—The text of Reichsfuehrer Hitler's appeal to the j German people today follows: To the German people: When in November, 1918, the Ger man people, trusting in the promises given in President Wilson's 14 points, grounded arms after four and a half years' honorable resistance in a war whose outbreak they had never de sired, they believed they had rendered a service not only to tormented hu manity but also to a great idea per se. Themselves the most serious suf ferers from the result of this insane struggle, the millions composing our people trustingly seized upon the idea of a new order in the relations be tween people, an order which was to be ennobled on one hand by doing away with the secrecy of diplomatic cabinet policies and on the other hand by abandoning the terrible methods of war. The historically severest re sult of the defeat seemed to many Germans to be the only sacrifice necessary in order once and for all to save the world from similar terrors. League of Nations Hailed. The idea of the League of Nations has perhaps in no nation awakened more fervent acclaim than in Ger many. stripped as she was of all earthly happiness. Only thus was it conceivable that the German people not only accepted but also fulfilled the conditions, verily senseless in many respects, for the destruction of every condition and possibility of de fense. The German people and especially their governments of that time were convinced that by fulfillment of the conditions of disarmament laid down in the Versailles treaty and in ac cordance with the promises of that treaty, the beginning of international general disarmament would be marked and guaranteed. For, only in a two-sided fulfillment of the task set by the treaty could there lie a moral and sensible justi fication for a demand which, one sidedly imposed and executed, nad necessarily to lead to an eternal dis crimination and thereby to a declara tion of inferiority of a great nation. would unly create Hatred. Under such conditions, however, a peace treaty of this sort could never create the conditions for a true inward reconciliation of peoples, nor for the pacification of the world achieved in this manner, but could only set up a hatred that would gnaw eternally. Germany has, according to the in vestigation of the Interallied Control Commission, fulfilled the disarmament conditions imposed upon her. Follow ing the work of destruction of the German power of resistance and the means necessary therefor, there was certified by this commisison: Army—59.897 cannon and heavy gun barrels, 130.558 machine guns, 31,470 mine throwers and barrels, 6, 007.000 guns and carbines, 243,937 machine-gun bores, 28.001 cannon car riages. 4.390 machine-gun carriages. 38.750,000 bullets, 16.550.000 hand and gun grenades, 60,400,000 fuses. 491, 000,000 rounds of ammunition for hand weapons, 335.000 tons of shell cases. 23.515 tons of cartridge cases, 37.600 tons of powder. 79,500 ammuni tion empties, 212,000 telephones, 1,072 flame throwers, 31 armored cars, 59 tanks. 1,762 observation cars, 8,982 wireless stations, 1,240 field bakeries, 2,199 pontoons, 981.7 tons Of equip ment for soldiers. 8.230,350 sacks of equipment for soldiers, 7,300 pistols and revolvers, 180 machine-gun sleds, 21 transportable workshops, 12 anti aircraft gun carriages, 11 limbers, 64, 000 steel helmets, 174,000 gas masks, 2,500 machines of the former war in dustry and 8,000 gun barrels. 15,714 Military Planes. Air forces—15,714 chasing and bombing planes, 2,757 airplane motors. Navy—Material that was neither destroyed, scrapped, sunk nor handed over: Twenty-six first-class battle ships. four coastal cruisers, four ar mored cruisers, 18 small cruisers. 21 schooling and other ships. 83 torpedo boats and 315 submarines. In addition, there had to be de stroyed vehicles of all sorts, utensils for gas attacks and partly for gas pro tection, fuel of various kinds and ex plosives. searchlights, gun sighting i appliances, instrumente for measuring * distance m sound, optical instruments of all kinds, harness for horses, equip ment for narrow - gauge railways, printeries, field kitchens, workshops, cut and thrust weapons, steel helmets, material ior transporting munitions, normal and special machines belong ing to war industry, mounting frames, drawings for the latter, and hangars for airplanes and airships, etc. Right to Expect Redemption. After this historically unexampled fulfilment of a treaty, the German people had the right to expect the redemption also by the other side of I obligations undertaken. For, firstly. Germany had disarmed: secondly, in the peace tieaty the demand had been expressly made that Germany must be disarmed in order thereby to create the precondition for general disarma ment—that is. it was contended that Germany's armaments alone fur nished the reason lor the armaments of the other countries; thirdly, the German people at that time were filled both as regards their government and their parties with a spirit that corre sponded exactly with the pacifistic democratic ideals of the League of Nations and its founders. But while Germany as one party to the treaty had fulfilled its obligations, the redemption of the obligation on the part of the second partner to the treaty failed to become a fact. That means the high contracting parties of the former victor states have one sidedly divorced themselves from the obligations of the Versailles treaty. Not alone did they refrain from dis arming in a manner that could by any stretch be comparable with the de struction of German arms. No. not even was there a nalt in the arma ments race; on the contrary, the in crease of aîmaments on the part of a whole group of states became evi dent. Whatever had during the war been invented in the way of new en gines of destruction was now in peace ; time brought to final perfection by : methodically scientific labor. New Cannon Constructed. In tne reaim 01 creating jmgmj armored cars, as well as in that of new fighting and bombing planes, con tinuous and terrible improvements re sulted. New gigantic cannon were j constructed, new explosive fire and ; gas bombs were developed. The world, however, since then has ! again resumed its cries of war just as though there never had been a World ι War nor the Versailles treaty. In the midst of these highly armed, warlike states which were more and more making use of the most modern motor ized equipment. Germany was, militar ily speaking, in a vacuum, defense lessly at the mercy of every threaten ing danger. The German people recall the mis fortunes and suffering of 15 years of economic misery and political and moral humiliation. It was therefore understandable that Germany began to loudly demand the fulfillment of the promises made by other states to dis arm. for this Is clear: The world would not only stand for 100 years of peace, but such a period would be an un measured boon. It cannot, however, stand for 100 years of division into victor and vanquished. The conviction that international disarmament was morally justified and necessary gained ground, not only in Germany, but also among many other peoples. Prom the insistence of these forces there resulted attempts through conferences to give direction to the reduction of armaments and thereby to a general International equalization on a low level. Thus there developed the first proposals for an Interna tional agreement on armaments of which we remember the MacDonald plan as significant. Ready to Accept Plan. Germany was ready to accept this plan and adopt it as the foundation for arrangements to be arrived at. It failed because the other states de clined to accept it and was finally abandoned. Inasmuch as under these circum stances the equality which was sol emnly promised to the German people and Reich in the declaration of De cember. 1932, failed of realization, the new Reich's government, as guardian of the honor and right to live of the German people, *m unable to con· « tiniie to take part in conferences of that sort or to continue membership in the League of Nations. However, even after leaving Geneva Germany still was ready, not only to examine the other states' proposals, but to her self make practical proposal. In that connection she identified herself with the viewpoint which other states themselves had ex pressed; namely, that the creation of armies with short enlistments is not suited to the purpose of attack, and is therefore recommendable for peace ful defense. Germany was therefore ready to transform the Reichswehr with its long service period into an army with short enlistments, conson antly with the wishes of the other states. Proposals Were Practical. Her proposals, made during the Winter of 1933-4 were practical and executable. The fact that they were declined, as well as the fact that the Italian and English proposals along similar lines were finally declined, justified the conclusion that on the other side of the contracting parties there no longer existed any inclina tion for a belated and honest fulfill ment of the disarmament clauses of Versailles. Under these circumstances the German government saw itself com pelled of its own accord to take those necessary measures which could in sure the end of a condition of impo tent defenselessness of a great people and Reich, which was as unworthy as in the last analysis it was menac ing. In so doing it proceeded from the same premises which Mr Baldwin (Stanley Baldwin, British lord presi dent of the Council) in his last speech so truthfully expressed: •'A country which is not willing to adopt the necessary preventive meas ures for its own defense will never enjoy any power in this world, either moral or material." The government of the present day German Reich, however, desires but one single moral and material power; namely, the power to safeguard peace for the Reich and thereby, really also, fjr all Europe. The government, therefore, con tinued to do what it could and what served the advancement of peace. Firstly, it proposed a long time ago the conclusion of non-aggression pacts to all its neighbor states. Secondly, it has sought for and found the adjustment laid down in the treaty with its eastern neighbor which, thanks to the great under standing shown on the other side, has as it hopes, forever taken the poison out of the threatening at mosphere which it found on seizing power, and which will lead to lasting reconciliation and friendship between the two peoples. Thirdly, it has finally given France the solemn assurance that Germany, after the adjustment of the Saar question, now no longer will make territorial demands upon France. It believes thereby, in a manner rare in history, to have created the pre-condition for ending the cen tury-old strife between the two great nations by making a heavy political and material sacrifice. The German government must, however, to its regret, note that for months the rest of the world has been rearming continuously and increas ingly. It sees in the creation of a Soviet Russian Army of 101 divi sions, that is. an admitted present peace strength of 960,000 men, an element that at the time of the con clusion of the Versailles treaty could not have been divined. It sees In the forcing of similar measures In other states further proofs of the declina tion to accept the disarmament idea, as originally proclaimed. Reich Must Take Action. Far be It from the German gov ernment to raise complaint against any other state. It must point out. however, today that by France's in troduction of a two-year service pe riod as now decided, the idea upon which the creation of armies with short enlistment had been tested has been abandoned in favor of an or ganization with long enlistments This, however, was one of the argu ments advanced at tbe time for de· X manding that Germany give up her Reichswehr. Under these circumstances the German government considers it im passible to still longer refrain from taking the necessary measures for the security of the Reich or even to hide the knowledge therof from the 1 other nations. If, therefore. It now fulfills the wish for enlightening the world on Ger many's intentions, as expressed in the speech by the British Minister, Stanley Baldwin. November 28. 1934. it does so: Firstly, in order to give the German people the conviction and other states the knowledge that 1 the safeguarding of the honor and security of the German Reich hence forth will be again entrusted to the power of the German nation: sec ondly, in order, by fixing the ex tent of German measures, to de vitalize those claims which attempt to ascribe to the German people a striv ing for a position of military hegem j ony in Europe. What the German government as the guardian of the honor and inter ests of the German nation desires Is to make sure that Germany possesses ' sufficient instruments of power not only to maintain the integrity of the German Reich but also to command international respect and value as co-guarantor of general peace. Acts Solely for Defense. For in this hour the German gov ernment renews before the German people, before the entire world, its assurance of its determination never I to proceed beyond the safeguarding I of German honor and freedom of the Reich, and especially does it not in . tend in rearming Germany to create ! any instrument for warlike attack, but to the contrary, exclusively for defense and thereby for the main tenance of peace. In so doing the German Reich's i government expresses the confident j hope that the German people, having i again reverted to their own honor. ! may be privileged in independent 1 equality to make its contribution for ι the pacification of the world in free and open co-operation with other na ! tions and their governments. With this in vieV the German Reich's government today passed the j following law: "Law for the upbuild ing of a defensive force, dated March 16, 1935," which is hereby made public: "1. Service in defensive force en j sues on a basis of general obligation \ to defend. "2. The German peace army, in clusive of police troops incorporated therein, consists of 12 corps com mands and 36 divisions. "3. Supplementary laws for regulat ing general defensive duty are to be ; presented to the Reich's cabinet by the Reich's minister of defense. (. "Berlin, March 16. 1935." Document is signed by Fuehrer and all. Owned Historic Petticoat. Mrs. Elizabeth Buckingham, who died at Ilfracombe. England, at the age of 97, owned a red petticoat worn by one of the women who drove a French crew from the town with broomsticks in 1790. ALLIES STUDYING France Consults Cosigners cf Versailles Pact. Rome Silent. (Continued From First Page.) _ stated her Intention of establishing military superiority instead of equality. A meeting of the cabinet subcom mittee on disarmament was called for Sunday to consider the German action. The meeting was called after Sir John Simon, foreign secretary, who sped back to London from South Wales where he delivered an ad dress last night, made an extensive study of the report to the foreign office made by the British Embassy in Berlin. Air Minister Hermann Wilhelm Goerings announcement of forma tion of an air force earlier In the week, coming on the heels of the British white paper, was interpreted then as a hint of what might follow, but such complete action as Hitler's today in reply to the French military extension came like a bombshell. Sir Eric Phipps, British Ambassador at Berlin, immediately telephoned the foreign office following an Interview with Hitler and Foreign Minster Konstantin von Neurath. Long - distance phone calls were made to high government officials who were out of town, informing them of Hit ler's verbal message. Authorities intimated tonight that a special cabinet session was likely to be called Monday to consider the situation. Cabinet members discussed it tonight by phone. ΤΟΚΙΟ, March 17 l/Pt.—Behind a mask of discreet official silence was discernable general sympathy in Japan today for Germany's bold move to strengthen her army. VIENNA, March 16 (/Pi.—While Austro-German relations are admit tedly anything but cordial, little effort was made tonight to conceal the fact that Austrian sympathy is with Ger many in so far as her answer to British and French warnings of heightened military preparedness is concerned. BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, March 16 f/P).—Fear was expressed in Yugosla \ia today that Austria. Hungary and Bulgaria, encouraged by Germany's decision to reintroduce conscription, would take similar steps. In such a case Belgrade would feel directly af fected. News of the German decision created no great surprise in official Yugoslav circles, as it had been ex pected for some time. PRAHA. Czechoslovakia. March 16 OP)—Praha newspapers said tonight that since Germany has declared military conscription her neighbor states must also increase their arma ments very materially. Official cir cles. although intensely interested in the Berlin announcement, said it con cerns first of all the great powers— whose views are those of Czechoslo vakia—and that it was not a matter on which this country should express an opinio*!. ITALIAN OFFICIALS SILENT. Romp Waits for Reaction in Other Capitals. ROME. March 16 (Λ*>.—Three-way i emergency consultations between Italy, : France and England were under way tonight over what action should be taken on Germany's abrogation of the military clauses of the Treaty of Versailles, said an Italian spokesman. A government spokesman said that until the reaction at Paris and London was made known here, Italy could not state her official views. Well informed circles, however, doubted that any positive action could be taken, ex cepting pessibly a diplomatic protest at Berlin. ι The Hitler announcement. It was i said, was not a complete surprise, i fince Germany's rearmament had been I known for some time ana today's ι statement changed the situation only 1 slightly. Clothesline Eases Fall. BOSTON (ΛΊ—Shaking a mop out the rear window of his home, Charles J. McGee. 32. leaned out too far. He toppled down 35 feet toward the earth. A few feet from the ground he hit a clothesline, bounced and landed ! with only minor hurts and a good I scare. ROOSEVELT SUMMONS OFFICIALS TO PARLEY ON REICH ARMS STEP (Continued From First Page.) tension, which it is admitted might , lead to a war. If by strong diplomatic representa tions such tension could be lessened and the danger of an immediate con flict averted, it is believed the United States will take action on the basis of the German-American peace treaty. Naturally the State Department does not know yet whether or when such action might be taken: neither is it known whether it would be ad visable to join other nations in a common note or send it independently of the signatories of the Versailles treaty. In official quarters it is firmly be lieved that the new move of Reichsfuhrer Adolph Hitler, at the instigation of the Reichswehr. will bring about some sort of a showdown in Europe. * The German army, according to the statement of the Reichsfuhrer, will be larger than any other European army—except that of the Soviets. Veterans in German Army. While It is true the peace strength of the French army is 650.000 men. its actual force is only about 500.000. The balance are raw recruits who cannot be employed for at least six months as active soldiers. The Ger man army has the advantage over the French in that it has a nucleus of over 100.000 men belonging to the old Reichswehr, all professional soldiers who have been drilling for the last five years. Furthermore, the Schuppos ί military police), about the same strength as the Reichswehr. can form a valuable addition to the new German army. while the 2.000,000 Black Shirts and other Hitlerite organizations have had sufficient military training to be in corporated in the new army as efficient soldiers almost immediately. While the German army will con stitute at the present moment only a powerful defensive force, the new military organization, taking into con sideration the thoroughness of the German organization, will become the leading military power in Europe within a short time. Here lies the danger of immediate retaliatory action from the former allies, especially Britain and France. Air Force Powerful. As it is. Germany possesses today one of the most powerful air forces in the world. It is, according to re liable reports, equal in strength to the United States and better equipped. If Germany Is permitted to disre gard the military clauses of the Ver sailles treaty, London and Paris be lieve that she will soon force an issue on the political clauses of that treaty and will be able to defy the allied powers as soon as she possesses a force superior to that of France and Britain. For this reason, some action on the part of the latter powers, supported by Italy and the U. S. S. R. is expected in the next few weeks. Cystitis To neutralize the acid* causing cystitis— bladder inflammation—d rink Mountain Valley Mineral Water direct from famous Hot Sprint*. Arkansas. Mildlv alkaline. Deeply latisfyinc. Don't rink life-lone suf fering. Phone for free de»criptire booklet. Mountain Valley Mineral Water Met. ΜΗ»1.' 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