Evening star. [volume], September 01, 1935, Page A-4, Image 4

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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EXPLORING FIRM
Incorporators Refuse to
Disclose Interests Be
hind Plan.
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, August 31.—An air of
melodramatic mystery enveloped the
New York headquarters of the Af
rican Development Exploration Co.
today following announcement in Ad
dis Ababa that the firm had obtained
exploitation rights directly in the path
of Italy's projected march through
Ethiopia.
Investigation of the company’s brief
history disclosed it was incorporated
at Dover, Del., on July 11, 1935. by
the United States Corporation Co., a
firm which specializes in obtaining
charters for ether interests.
The incorporators were listed as
Alfred W. Britten, Edward S. Wil- |
liams and Vincent W. Westrup, who
were found at the offices of the
United States Corporation Co., at 150
Broadway, which also serves as “head
quarters” of the African development
firm.
Insist Upon Secrecy.
None of the three would discuss the !
real backers of the African firm, as- !
sorting their clients had insisted on j
the utmost secrecy at the time of
the incorporation.
The firm's charter authorizes it to
drill for oil, seek out precious stones, j
gold, silver and asphalt, and to en- j
gage in the work of general develop
ment. It was incorporated with a i
capital stock of 5,000 shares of a par
value of $100 a share.
Francis M. Rickett, the British pro
moter who negotiated the deal, said
in Addis Ababa that the concern was
controlled by the Standard Oil Co., but
up until tonight none of the various I
Standard Oil groups had come for
ward to claim affiliation.
W. F. Farish, chairman of the
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, said
it had no connection with his com
pany. While many of the officers of
the Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. were away
for the week end, those who could
be reached said they had not been
advised of any link between their group
and the African company. Socony
Vacuum handles foreign operations of
Standard Oil of New York.
Area Held Without Oil.
Further interest was added by the :
Statement of Dr. Barnum Brown, as- j
sistant curator of the American Mu
seum of Natural History, that Ethi
opia is barren of oil.
Dr. Brown said he had spent one
year in the African kingdom study
ing its oil development possibilities for
B subsidiary of the Standard Oil Co.
“As a result of my surveys for the
Anglo-American Oil Co., a subsidiary
of the Standard Oil Co.," he said,
•'the field was turned down by the
company entirely. The Anglo-Ameri
can would not even consider it.”
Dr. Brown said he had reported
that wrhile Ethiopia probably had pe
troleum deposits many centuries ago,
its oil cap had been shattered long
since and the deposits had evaporated.
Neutrality
''Continued From First Page.)
lican. of California paid separate calls
at the White House.
The Senators, both members of the
Foreign Relations Committee and
"isolationists” in their viewpoint on
foreign affairs, insisted they were
merely saying good-by before de
parting on vacations.
Borah, who Friday night called the
Ethiopian grant “buying an interest
in war,” said he had discussed neu
trality with the President, but de
clined further comment.
Others Insist on i’eace.
Other members of Congress joined
with him in negating the impression
that American commercial exploita
tion in the troubled African nation
might lead to trouble.
Senator Thomas. Democrat, of Utah
Raid the grant ought not to be a
danger with the neutrality resolution
in effect. Chairman McReynolds,
Democrat, of Tennessee of the House
Foreign Affairs Committee, observed
sharply: "Were not going to let some
big corporation go over to a place
where war is apparently coming and
then draw us in with it.”
The State Department received dis
patches outlining the Ethiopian trans
action yesterday from Cornelius H. !
Van Engert, American charge d'Af
faires in Addis Ababa.
Secretary Hull would not comment
officially until he could study the dis
patches and obtain further informa
tion, but in response to questions, he
said any private American transaction
in Ethiopia presented no more question
than it had or would in any other part
of the world.
Policy, Not Individuals.
Americans are interested in com
mercial enterprises everywhere, he
said, and the Government is not
formulating policies with respect to
the status of any individual interest.
Hull declined to give a definite in
terpretation of the present adminis
tion's policy with respect to protection
of American interest abroad. To a
specific question, he said it was not
the policy for the State Department to
be consulted by private interests before
such transactions as the Ethiopian
grant were negotiated.
The State Secretary explained that
his department deals with policy
rather than individual projects, and
that consideration is given to each
problem on its merits as it arises.
He added that the United States
does not undertake to follow every
American wherever he goes in foreign
countries, oversee what he does or ad
vise him as to what he should or
should not do in private business deal
ings.
President Given Discretion.
In addition to the temporary manda
tory arms embargo, the new law also
seeks to prevent any future American
entanglement in foreign wars by au
thorizing the President, at his dis
cretion:
To prohibit American vessels from
carrying war munitions to belligerent
countries:
To warn Americans against travel
ing on ships of belligerent nations or
entering danger zones.
To prohibit submarines from enter
ing American ports.
To require bonds from American
ships against their providing men.
fuel, ammunition or supplies to war
or supply ships of any belligerent na
tion.
A national munitions control board
also is set up to oversee the manufac
ture and export of munitions under a
system of licenses. I
\
I
Rickett a Mystery Man
Even Wife Unable to Shed Light On
Deals of Negotiator.
By the Aesoclated Press.
LONDON, August 31-Francis M.
Rickett, the secretive Englishman
whose name was on the front pages of
newspapers throughout the world to
day In connection with concessions in
Ethiopia, is a "mystery man" even to
his wife.
London business circles, seeking to
throw light on the past activities of
the promoter credited with obtaining
concessions for American and British
firms, could describe him only as a
man with a house in London, a
iountry place at Great Sheflord, Berk
shire. a castle in Wales and a pro
:livity for "dashing off here and there"
in specially chartered airplanes.
The promoter, it was learned, was
once a director of a British oil de
velopment company which was granted
rights along the Tigris by Emir FeLsal
of Iraq. In the Near East, where he
nas quietly conducted negotiations
many years, he is known as the
Lawrence of finance.”
Doesn't Discuss Business.
Mrs. Rickett, living at the castle In
Wales, said today she new nothing of
her husband's enterprises, explaining
he did not discuss business matters
with her.
She said she was in ignorance of
plans for the Ethiopian concessions.
Expressing the hope he would re
turn to her and their three children
before the end of the Summer, Mrs.
Rickett said:
"My husband left England August
10. Since then I have heard nothing
from him. I knew that highly Im
portant negotiations of a confidential
nature had been going on for some
months, but I had no idea they con
cerned such a huge deal.
Spend Time in U. S.
‘‘Mr. Rickett has extensive interest
in an oil field and has spent a great
deal of time in the United States,
Radioed from London, this pic
ture shows Francis M. Rlckett,
British promoter, who negotiated
concessions with Emperor Haile
Selassie.
—Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto.
but he never discussed his business
undertakings with me or the family.
"I do not think my husband is able
to speak Amharic (the language of
Ethiopia), but he has a happy knack
of dealing with foreign people, gen
erally getting what he wants from
them."
One of Rlckett's friends said the
promoter, who is master of hounds
of the Craven Hunt in Berkshire,
'"is a man of tremendously big ideas,
who has carried out negotiations for
big undertakings in many parts of
Europe and the Near East.”
This Changing World
Ethiopian Oil Deal Declared Colossal Bluff on
Part of Selassie, Despairing of
League.
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
Despairing of the efficiency of the i
League of Nations as a peacemaker, j
and abandoned by almost every
country in the world. Emperor Haiie
Selassie tried to put over on tne
world one of the most colossal bluffs
known in the annals of diplomacy.
Following the advice of his west- j
pm counselor he handed over to an j
American-British company the min
eral rights of Abyssinia.
He thus hoped to bring in a direct
conflict the two English-speaking na
tions with Italy. The bluff was
called, and the British government,
which is supposed to have been
familiar with this maneuver, oacked
out in time.
* * * *
For many months Abyssinian un
official representatives in this coun
try have been knocking at the door
of pracitically every banker in ITew
York to obtain a loan of $2,000,000
for Selassie's depleted treasury.
They offered as security every
thing from the gold teeth of the
Empress to the custom receipts of
the empire.
They were met everywhere with
the same sardonic answer: "And
what will happen to those custom,
receipts of yours if the Italians
occupy your country?" There was
no answer to such an argument.
* * * *
Some more adventurous bankers in
quired at the State Department coout
the advisability of such a loan. The
State Department does not interfere
with the banker’s business. But un-1
officially, privately and off the record. I
the bankers were told that any sucn '
a loan would have to be given at -he j
risk and responsibility of the lender.
And that was enough.
* * * *
Of course, a paltry $2,000,000 was
not worth taking a chance. But when
hundreds of millions of dollars are '
involved the picture changes and the
Standard Oil Co. and its British as- |
sociates have taken that chance by j
obtaining from Haile Selassie what is
considered the most important con
cessions given a group of Western na
tions during this century.
* * * *
The Standard Oil Co. and if*
British associates have taken a
chance because they are about 30
years behind the time.
They do not realize that the
"rules of the international game
have been changed."
* * * *
As long as the Abyssinians were
threatened with invasion by a greedy
Western power, the sentiment of 99
per cent of the American people was
in favor of Abyssinia. Any coercive
measure the administration had
deemed advisable to take against
Mussolini would have been heartily
indorsed by the bulk of the Nation.
But the people of this country will
never fight for oil. We have plenty.
3k 3k 3k *
But the eleventh hour concessions
obtained by this Anglo-American
company were so earmarked as politi
cal that even the man in the street,
usually considered as a dumb-bell by
high finance, could see through it.
It is possible that the British people,
confined in their small island, might
think it worth while fighting for raw
materials. But it is a cinch that the
American people won’t. And in this'
lies the psychological error of the
Standard Oil Co.
* * * *
Of course, this move was in
tended to open a vast field of
international complications.
Under the terms of the trans
actions Selassie was to receive a
handsome amount of cold cash.
This would have enabled him to
start purchasing war material
abroad in large quantities.
Selassie instead of obtaining gold,
would have been given large credits
for purchases at Krupps. Vickers
Armstrong. Skoda, Schneider and
other important ammunition manu
facturing companies.
The war materials were to be taken
to Abyssinia in foreign bottoms and
through a large portion of the Italian
fleet, already concentrated in the
Eastern Mediterranean.
4
As lcng as Selassie had no money,
the Italians, it is said, did not con
template proclaiming a blockade of
Abyssinia. It would have opened
possibilities of international compli
cations, which Mussolini seeks to
avoid, and he was net worried about
the few rifles and machine guns Se
lassie coud have purchased abroad.
But the day it is positively icnown
that the Abyssinians are going to be
supplied with war material in large
quantities it is likely Italy will block
ade Abyssinia and enforce that block
ade. And what will happen when
Italian cruisers stop French or Brit
ish merchantmen—we are out of the
picture the moment the President
signs the neutrality bill—is difficult
to conceive.
A British fleet is already con
centrated at the mouth of the Suez
Canal. The Italians are concen
trated in Sicily. Mussolini’s hope o1
terminating the campaign against
Abyssinia lies chiefly in the fact
that the Abyssinians are unarmed.
If he sees a possibility that the
struggle will be protracted by
Selassie obtaining uar material in
large quantities he will not hesitate
to apply all the rules of the war
and make the blockade effective.
* * * *
The Tavarish of the Third Inter
nationale must be licking their chops
at this most important news.
What a* marvelous field for propa
ganda they have, playing on the old
tune of "capitalist greed," "ammuni
tion makers' war" and the other cries
which have been used for the last
18 years.
CONCENTRATING TROOPS
DJIBOUTI, FRENCH SOMALI
LAND, August 31 (/P).—Great Britian
is concentrating important military
and aerial forces on the frontier of
British Somaliland and is building a
new airdrome.
The French are expected to send
military forces into Ethiopia along the
line of the Djibouti-Addis Ababa rail
road to protect the right of way, in
formed quarters reported.
Fearing Sanctions May Fire
Europe’s Powder Keg,
Nations Hold Back.
By the Associated Press.
GENEVA, August 31. — Reports
reaching Geneva on the eve of a fate
ful meeting of the council of the
League of Nations next week indicated
tonight there is no general sentiment
to apply sanctions against Italy in
case she declares war upon Ethiopia.
From information sent to the seat
of the League, the sentiment appears
to be that sanctions may endenger a
European war. Even Scandinavian
countries, keen enthusiasts for the
League, are reported hesitant concern
ing them.
An air of keen expectancy, but aL j
one of gloom, pervades Geneva.
Despite the supreme efforts Britain
and France are known to be making
to avoid war, the future appears highly
uncertain.
The general impression is that Mus
solini has gone.so far toward war it
will be difficult for him to accept a
compromise solution without affecting
his position at home. Informed cir
cles generally predict he will Insist
on military occupation of at least some
part of Ethiopia.
Reports Mussolini intends to de
mand Ethiopia’s expulsion from the
League were an Immediate subject of
discussion. Informed quarters pointed
out that since the African kingdom has
been an unobtrusive member for near
ly 10 years, it (would be difficult to
throw her out. ' A unanimous vote of
the council would be necessary. The
same vote also is required for sanc
tions. ,
A definite move has set in to elect
Eamon De Valera, President of the
Irish Free State, to the presidency of
I the League of Nations Assembly,
ETHIOPIA PROTEST
MEETING HALTED
Police Invade “Harlem’’ District,
Arresting 300 Men and
Women.
By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, August 31—Sweeping
into the South Side "Harlem" district;
today in squad cars and patrol wag- j
on;, police prevented a widely adver
tised protest meeting against Italy’s
policy in Ethiopia.
Thousands of Negroes, who lined
the streets in an area a half mile
square, were kept constantly on the
move by a force of more than 150
policemen, who used their riot sticks
freely.
In less than two hours, more than
300 arrests were made.
Commissioner of Police Janies P.
Allman ordered the meeting and a
parade which was to have followed it
broken up, charging Communists with
having inspired it.
Both men and women were bundled
j into patrols, most of the prisoners
being white. Several women carried
bahjgs.
police searched all those arrested,
and said Communist literature was
i found in the pockets of some, and
! confiscated. •.
PLAN MALTA DEFENSE
VALETTA, MALTA, August 31 UP].
—An official announcement said today
a boom defense would be laid across
the entrance to Grand Harbor here
next week as a further bolstering of
island defenses.
As the announcement was made the '
bulk of the Mediterranean fleet was
drawing in around the Suez Canal for
what has been announced as “routine"
maneuvers. Stevedores and soldiers
labored at Southampton loading arma
ments to bring Malta's defenses up
to their full schedule.
_j_
< Continued From First Page)
$125,000) in gold coin or bullion, or
its equivalent, and a royalty of one
shilling six pence per ton of oil pro
duced for the first 25 years. Then j
the royalty would be increased.
As soon as a pipeline is considered
commercially justifiable, the company
shall begin construction of a pipe
line, provided a suitable port for
loading tank vessels is made available.
(Ethiopia is landlocked.)
If a pipeline is not placed within |
four years after access to a port, the
company shall abandon all rights.
In the vent of a state of emergency, !
of w hich the government shall be J
the sole judge, the company must!
attempt to fill all the government's
petroleum and similar needs. The gov
ernment also may use the company's
communications systems.
Selassie’s U. S. Financial Adviser [
Called One-Man Brain Trust
E. A. Colson of New Jer
sey Busy Stabilizing
Ethiopian Currency.
Credited With Inspiring
Restrained Policyr of
Emperor. »
Everett Andrew Colson, American,
and financial adviser to Emperor Haile
Selassie, who, according to dispatches
from Addis Ababa played an impor
tant role in negotiating the far-reach
ing economic concessions to Anglo
American finanaclal interests as a
means of averting war with Italy, is
Ethiopia's “one-man brain trust.”
Mr. Colson is a resident of Bound
Brook, N. J. He was selected as finan
cial adviser to the Emperor on Sep
tember 27, 1930, from a list of finan
cial experts submitted by the State
Department here to representatives of
the Ethiopian government. He is re
ceiving $9,000 a year for reorganizing
the country’s finances and stabilizing
the curr-ncy. As a result of his
studies, the government has been tax
ing certain articles, such as silk, per
f' es and wines.
Colson Is generally credited with
having inspired the restrained policy
of the Emperor in not provoking Italy
diring the mounting crisis and also
in calming fiery tribal chiefs clamor
ing for action
Colson is described as grappling
myriad troubles of national impor
tance in addition te dealing with the
EVERETT ANDREW COLSON.
—Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto.
intricate matters of finance affecting
mobilization and maintenance of
field armies, as well as supervision of
general government revenues. He
frequently works 20 hours a day, di
viding his time between the palace,
where 1.? confers at length with the
Emperor, and the dual office of the
ministry of foreign affairs and finance.
The short time that he has away from
his duties he spends with his wife in
their small bungalow on an obscure
street of Addis Ababa, surrounded by
native huts.
A •
t
PLEASES ITALIANS
Advice to Selassie to Hold
Up Oil Deal Expected
to Pacify Rome.
By the Associated Press.
ROME, August 31.—Italian official
circles received tonight with satisfac
tion. mingl i with reserve, a state
ment by tve British government ad
vising Emperor Haile Selassie to
withhold concessh .is he has granted
American and English interests.
A government spokesman said inas
much as it had refrained from com
menting upon reports of the granting
of the concessions while awaiting offi
cial corroboration, it could do nothing
less than await official corroboration
of the strong stand England was re
portti t ; have taken against the con
cessions.
Dlno Grand!, the Italian Ambassa
dor to London, was asked for full de
tails upon Britain's attitude.
Well Informed circles were repre
sented as feeling the English action
would pacify Italian feelings, which
have run high today against what
some regarded as “another British
trick" to nullify the Italian' program
in E'.st Africa.
The newspaper Giornale d’ltalia, in
an article written by Virginio Gayda,
c..itor, who is considered to be excel
lently informed upon the govern
ment's plans, assailed the concessions.
Gayda said they could not fall to
arouse Italian hostility and would
violate three treaties, including the
tri-power one of 1906.
PARIS SEES PERIL IN DEAL.
Officials Believe Concession May Cause
International Complications.
PARIS, August 31 </P).—French
officials said today it was "very inter
esting" to learn of Anglo-American oil
concessions in Ethiopia and they pri
vately intimated the situation might
prove to be a bomb which would ex
plode.
Premier Laval, with only two days
to reflect before meeting Anthony
Eden, British minister for League af
fairs, here Monday, went to the coun
try last night to think things over.
His advisers said there were several
possibilities, including these:
1. The loss of oil rights may show
Mussolini war may be in vain and he
had better get concessions peaceably
with League support.
2. Italy may protest that the con
cession is a violation of the 1906
treaty between her, France and Eng
land.
3. Mussolini may think a delay
would be costly and may march soon
to prevent Emperor Haile Selassie
from selling out Ethiopia's economic
system.
Meanwhile the commission to arbi
trate the Ualual incident between
Italy and Ethiopia decided today to
extend its deliberations until Monday,
despite the suggestion of the League
of Nations Council that a report
naming the aggressor be completed
before midnight tonight.
-■■ ■ — - - • ■ - ■
London
<Continued From First Page.)
part of the Ethiopian Emperor to in
volve Britain and the United States
in a ‘defense of rights,’ it has already
failed."
Aircraft Speeded.
British aircraft factories went on
a 24-hour schedule today.
The bombshell of the concessions
was dropped just when the govern
ment was doing'everything to avoid
moves which might give other nations
occasion to think British interest in
the Italo-Ethiopian dispute was selfish.
Sir Samuel Hoare. foreign secretary,
who is suffering from arthritis at Nor
folk. directed an investigation into the
deal. Sir Sydney Barton. Minister
to Ethiopia, was told to make a full
inquiry.
While the aircraft- schedule was
speeding up. the air ministry appealed
for pilots to fly 2.000 new machines.
New training camps will be established
within six months.
Fleet Maneuvers.
As the British Mediterranean Fleet,
which left Malta Thursday, neared
stations around the Suez Canal, the
home fleet assembled at Portland be
fore starting Fall maneuvers a week
ahead of schedule.
Diplomatic representatives made
final reports on developments in the
Ethiopian dispute to principal coun
tries.
Anthony Eden, minister for League
affairs, will go to Paris Monday for a
special conference with Premier Laval
preliminary to the Council meeting at
Geneva Wednesday. Eden hopes to
bring French policy more in line with
Britain’s.
London Is still unable to feel it can
count definitely upon a strong French
stand for joint League action, but felt
France would choose the League in
stead of Mussolini in the event of a
showdown.
OHIOAN NAMED HEAD
OF DELTA TAU DELTA
N. Ray Carroll New President of
Fraternity—Pittsburgh Cho
sen 1937 Convention City.
By the Associated Press.
MEMPHIS, Tenn., August 31.—N.
Ray Carroll of Cleveland, Ohio, was
elected president of Delta Tau Delta,
college social fraternity, at its na
tional convention here today. Pitts
burgh was selected as the 1937 conven
tion city. The convention is held every
two years.
Carroll succeeds Harold Tharp of
Indianapolis. Other officers elected:
J. C. Creary, Palo Alto, Calif., vice
president; Owen C. Orr, New York
City, alumni secretary; Roscoe C.
Groves, Kansas City, treasurer; Har
old D. Myer, Chapel Hill, N. C.. secre
tary, and P. Darrell Moore, Troy, N.
Y. supervisor of scholarship.
I Like watches — diamonds — cold I
| teeth and old. discarded Jewelry. I
I For oyer 50 years we have been I
I bovine eld idd and aaylnr SPOT 1
I CASH. j
* . . •
4
British Statesman Declares
U. S. Can Aid in Keeping Peace
_ ■
Lord Parmoor Believes
People Opposed
to Conflict.
Thinks ll Duce Facing
Loss of His Power
in African Crisis.
(Note: In the following article the
62-year-old Baron Parmoor of
Frieth, one of Britain’s few remain
ing elder statesmen, appeals for
“America and Britain to join to
gether os neutrals to stop this
Ethiopian business." Baron Parmoor
is a former lord president of council,
former leader of the House of Lords
and was a friend of former Presi
dents Taft and Wilson.)
BY LORD FARMOOR.
iCoDyriuht. llt.'IS. br the Associated Press.)
PARMOOR, Henley - on - Thames,
England, August 31.—When I was at
Geneva In 1924 as head of the British
delegation, we produced a protocol,
a series of amendments to the frame
work of the League Covenant, whereby
all disputes without question are com
pelled to be submitted either to arbi
tration. conciliation or to World Court
decision.
I hoped thus international common
law might gradually be instituted,
having the same authority as the
common law of the United States
and England.
Dispute Well Covered.
It was the government of Great
Britain which decided to jettison
the suggestion of amendments to the
Covenant, and thus sterilize any fur
ther progress toward effective all
around disarmament. The present
dispute between Italy and Ethiopia
still, however, comes within the pro
visions of the Covenant as it stands
and the Kellogg pact.
I have always regretted that the
United states did not join the League
of Nations, but it is clear, of course,
that in some respects they have a freer
hand outside the habit of centuries-old
disputes in which the several states
of Europe from time to time have
been concerned.
"I gratefully remember, however, the
words of mv friends, the late Presidents
Taft a.nd Wilson, with whom I was in
close agreement at a meeting in the
United States, where the proposition
was formulated that steps be taken
without delay to make any further out
break of the World War impossible. i
LORD PARMOOR.
“Today there Is no security apart
from the authority of the League
against an outbreak of a more disas
trous war than the ruinous outbreak
of 1914.
“Actually, I have a secret feeling
there won’t be war. I am sure there
will not, if the United States. Great
Britain and her children within the
empire remain neutral. People do not
want war.
"I remember how, after the last war,
my villagers who from 1914 until 1918
had shunned me as a peace agitator,
realized I was right when their sons
and brothers came home and told them
German soldiers were just as human as
British Tommies.
“I am sincerely sorry for my friend,
the Emperor ol Ethiopia, for he is up
against Mussolini, who knows the turn
ing point in his career has arrived. The
fact is Mussolini had wonderful suc
cess to lead Italy so long and I am
afraid he is in for trouble if he attacks
Ethiopia, for the Italians are soft—
they are not fighters.
“I wish the Italians would realize
that the Ethiopians are Christians.
Their greatest pride is in their Chris
tianity. I was able to appreciate this
fact when in 1926 I entertained at tea
Emperor Haile Selassie—Ras Tafari, as
he was then—and his suite. There is
still a chance for him and for Italy.
"If the love of which Dante wrote
cannot move Mussolini, then we and
the French will have to start employing
sanctions in a quiet way—for example,
closing the Suez Canal by authority of
the League.’’
Neutrality Law Explained
President Is Directed to Enumerate Arms, Ammuni
tion or Implements of War Under Embargo
to Belligerents.
By the Associated Press.
Intended to safeguard the United
States against being drawn into war.
the neutrality law signed by President
Roosevelt yesterday provides:
"That upon the outbreak or during
the process of war between, or among,
two or more loreign states, the Presi
dent shall proclaim such fact, and it
shall thereafter be unlawful to export
arms, ammunition or implements of
war from any place in the United
States, or possession of the United
States, to any port of such belligerent
states, or to any neutral port for trans
shipment to, or for the use of a bel
ligerent country.'*
The President is directed to enumer
ate the arms, ammunition or imple
ments of war whose export Is pro
hibited. This section expires February
29. 1936.
Although it is made mandatory on
the President to embargo arms ship
ments to the original belligerents, a
provision in the resolution gives him
discretionary power to extend the em
bargo to “other states as and when
they become involved in such war.”
Can Extend Embargo.
The President is given discretionary
power to issue a proclamation making
it unlawful for any American vessel to
transport arms and munitions to
belligerent countries or to neutrals for
trans-shipment.
He is authorized. If deemed ad
visable. to require vessels to post bonds
as a guarantee they are not evading
the embargo by transporting war sup
plies to war or supply ships of bel
ligerent nations, and to issue a procla
mation forbidding belligerent sub
marines to enter American ports for
refueling or supplies.
A distinct section establishes the
National Munitions Control Board,
made up of the Secretaries of State.
Treasury, War, Commerce, Navy, and
the chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee and House For
eign Affairs Committee, or members
designated by them.
The State Department is directed
within 90 days to require that all
manufacturers or exporters of mu
nitions shall register with the Sec
retary of State and obtain licenses
permitting them to operate. The reg
istEgtion fee is set at $500 and the
certificates, valid for five years, may
be renewed for five-year periods.
The United States Government is
prohibited from purchasing arms and
munitions from any unregistered
manufacturer and it is unlawful for
any exporter to ship munitions from
this country without a license.
All violations of the law are subject
to fines of $10,800. imprisonment for
I not more than five years, or both,
j and the vessel or vehicle of trans
portation is subject to confiscation.
The Munitions Board is required to
make annual reports to Congress of
any data concerning the manufacture
or export of arms and munitions
which may be useful in the determi
nation of questions connected with
control of the industry.
-« ■ . . ■ ■
Steel Firms Prosper.
Czechoslovakia’s steel industry is
prospering.
» .
Says Those Who Would
“Slow Up” Italy Will
Be Disillusioned.
By the Associated Press.
TRENTO, Italy, August 31.—
Premier Mussolini paid a surprise
visit today to the town where he was
once a newspaper editor and told a
cheering populace, "Those who do
not know how to grasp the wheel
of destiny in historic moments per
haps will never grasp it.”
II Duce drove into Trento after
completion of gigantic war maneuver*
in northern Italy near Bolzano.
There he announced plans to call
200.000 more troops to the colors, and
warned:
"The world should know yet again
that as long as one talks absolutely
and provocatively of sanctions we
will not give up one soldier, one
sailor or one aviator.”
(Great Britain is expected to press
for sanctions by the League of
Nations If other efforts to avert an
: Italo-Ethiopian w’ar fail.)
j In his brief but bristling speech
here. II Duce said:
"All those who delude themselves
with the idea of arresting or slowing
j up with miserable politics the force
ful march of this young Fascist Italy
I shall be disillusioned.”
His entrance into the town, where
he was once in bad repute with
Austrian authorities, was that of a
triumphant hero.
Measures were announced at
Bolzano calling 200,000 men into
service in September, which will
bring Italy’s forces to more than
1,000,000 men.
Standing at the top of a valley,
with a vast army below him—in
fantry. cavalry and artillery units—
and King Victor Emmanuel beside
f him. Mussolini said:
“The demonstration you have fur
! nished these last days, above all the
I highest morale which animates you,
give us a sense of security that if
tomorrow the country calls you to
fulfil tasks requiring more sacrifices,
you will do so with enthusiasm,
courage and resolute decision to tfc
very end.”
STAR ATHLETE WEDS
LORETTA TURNBUL
Speedboat Queen Becomes Er'
of Thomas Richert in Cali
fornia Church Ceremony.
Bt the Associated Press.
SAN DIEGO, Calif.. August 31
Loretta Turnbull. 23. speedboat queen
and Thomas Richert, 25, star athlete,
were married today at a quiet cere
mony in St James-by-the-Sea, pictur
esque Episcopal Church in suburban
La Jolla.
Only members of the two familie'
and a few close friends were present.
After a short reception the couple
went aboard the Turnbull yacht for a
brief honeymoon cruise through local
waters. They will motor East in time
for Richert to resume his medical
studies at McGill University, Mon
treal, September 15.
ARMY ORDERS.
The following-named officers of the
United States Army are named as
members of a board to meet here on
September 30 and thereafter for the
purpose of making classifications of
ofEceis:
Callan, Maj. Gen. Robert E.; Mc
Closkey, Brig. Gen. Manus; Tracy.
Brig. Gen. Joseph P; Darrah. Brig.
Gen. Thomas W ; Scott. Brig. Gen.
| Ernest D.: Miles. Brig. Gen. Perry L.;
, Conkling. Brig. Gen. Arthur S
Pickering. Col. Richard R.. Adjutant
General's Department, named a re
corder, and Hvssong. Capt. Clyde L.,
Adjutant General's Department, as as
sistant recorder, without vote.
GUN REPAIRING
5-Shot Repeaters con
verted to comply with
New York Duck Law.
Fries, Beall & Sharp
FISHING AND HI NTING Bl'PPLIES [
734 10th St. N.W.
_________________
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The lump-sum expense which taxes im
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You can thus cancel your tax indebted
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When you obtain a loan for the purpose
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MORRIS PLAN BANK
Under Supervision of U. S. Treasury
1408 H St N. W.