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THE EVENING STAR ( With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.February 25, 19S8 THEODORE W. NOYES.Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Buslnese Office: 11th St '*nd Pennarlvanla Av# New York Office: 110 Eaat 42nd Bt . Chicago Office Lake Michigan Building. Turopean Office: 1« Recent St. London England. Rate by Carrier Within 'he City. Begalar Edition. The Evening Star._,_.--_._45e oer month lte Evening and Sunday Star _ (When 4 8undara)_.__60c oer month The Evening and Sundar 8tar .. (whan A Sunders) .———_65c oer month The Sunday Star____-..-6c oar copy Night Pint! Edition. Night Pinal and Sunday Star... 20c nar month Night Final Star,___—.66e par month Collection made at the end of each month. Orders mar b* tent br mall or telephone Na tional 6000 _ ( Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Marrland and Virginia. Dtlly and Sunday...) rr., SIQ.OQt 1 mo. *5e Dally onlr_1 rr. M.wj: 1 mo.. 6oc Sunaar onlr._1 rr.. *4 00: 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. Oallr and Sundar..! rr.. *12 00: i mo. *1.00 Dally onlr_...) rr. *g (lo: j mo., JS® Sunday onlr.—.—! rr.. #5 00: 1 mo., 60c Member of the Associated Preae. The Associated Presi u gseiuatvely entitled to the use for republlcatlon of ell news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited In this paper end also the local news published herein All rights of Duplication of special dispatches herein ere also reserved. Little Red Riding Hood. Once upon a time a group of well intentioned gentlemen put their sage heads together and sent a Little Red Rider with a basket full of goodies for Old Granny, who lived all alone in a tumble-down cottage in the middle of the deep, dark woods. The idea was that Old Granny, living as she did in the middle of the deep, dark woods, was urgently in need of protection from the big, bad wolf, known to some of them as “communism,” and that Little Red Rider, with her basket of goodies, would supply the protection and chase the wolf away and everybody would live happily ever afterward. Well, it seemed that the minute Little Red Rider started on her way, tripping merrily along through the deep, dark woods and picking nosegays as she trip ped. another group of well-intentioned men and women got their sage heads together and urged that she be recalled. Their argument has been that Little Red Rider is a relatively small and weak little thing in the first place and could not help Granny much under any con ditions, if Granny really needed that sort of help. In the second place, they argue that Granny is not as helpless as she might seem. She is attended, for Instance, by about 90,000 children, all of whom have parents decidedly Inter ested in what she is doing and how she is getting along. Being in constant communication with their children, it is argued that these parents would grab the nearest shotgun and proceed to a united assault upon the big, bad wolf the minute he poked his head in Granny's doorway. And Granny her self, it is to be remembered, lives not alone—as the well-intentioned gentle am cenf T.iftlo Rpri R.iripr t.hrnuoh the woods seemed to believe—but is guarded and protected by a corps of teachers who have sworn to uphold Granny with the Constitution of the United States. In addition, a Board of Education sits by her bedside night and day. constantly on the lookout for big, bad wolves of every description. But what they seem to fear most is that en route to Granny’s house, just as she is stooping over to sniff a violet or pick a dandelion, a big, bad wolf of another color will sneak up and grab Little Red Rider from behind, gobble her up in one swallow, quickly change from sheep's clothing to the cute frock w orn by Little Red Rider and skip gayly up to the tumble-down cottage of Granny and knock softly at the door. “Who is that?’’ Granny will ask. “Little Red Rider,” will come the reply in a deep voice. “What makes your mouth so big?” Granny will ask. “The better to eat you with,” growls Little Red Rider, proceeding to gobble up Granny, the children, the teachers and the Board of Education. There upon it will be found, after an autopsy (for indigestion will surely be fatal), that there is more than one kind of big, t*id wolf—and this one happened to be known as legislative tinkering with edu cation, sometimes known as political tin kering frdth education, a wild and woolly beast that has gobbled up more than one school system and Board of Educa tion in his time and should be shot on eight. Com and potatoes are prominently discussed. Suggestions of a reversion to greenback finance may cause “spinach” to be mentioned as worthy of con sideration. The Japanese Elections. Elements representing “liberalism” in Japanese politics triumphed in the recent quadrennial elections for the lower house of the Imperial Parliament. The Minseito party, with which Premier Okada Identified himself, substantially Increased its strength, so a continuance In office of his “national government” is assured. Seiyukai, the conservative party, lost heavily, but retains a suffi cient number of seats to remain a vig orous opposition. Although Premier Okada is a former admiral, his ministry has rated on the whole as a moderate influence in Japan’s foreign relations. In face of the aggres sive tactics of the militarist-imperialist clique, the Okada cabinet, to the extent of its restricted ability, has espoused peace, conciliation and international co operation. The Mihseito group especially sought to oppose excessive appropria tions looking to a naval building compe tition with the United States. Ever since the Manchurian adventure began live years ago, successive Tokio governments have been swept along by waves of patriotic emotion into acquiescing in the army’s aggressive program on the main land of Asia, though now and then they made a pretense of restraining the maneuvers engineered by the Arakis and the Dotharas. In recent times the Okada cabinet sought to concentrate on domes tic issues looking to economic recovery, ri a 1 and the Minseito party went to the country mainly on that platform. The Seiyukai also advocated certain internal reforms, but supported the Manchurian and Mongolian programs. Political alignments being what they are, the election results on their face hint at something like a popular revolt against military and reactionary pre* dominance. Premier Okada and his col leagues had refused to sanction the seiz ure of the five northern Chinese prov inces. The voters would appear to have approved that attitude. Informed foreign observers at Tokio warn nevertheless against the temptation to conclude that Japanese liberalism is now ascendant and that the sun of the militarists has set. The Okada government recently authorized the uncompromising demand at London for Japanese naval equality with Great Britain and the United States. That circumstance alone sug gests that the influences which favor steady expansion of Japanese power are. by no means extinct. Current developments on the Mon golian-Manchukuoan border clearly establish that despite the swing of the political pendulum, the island empire’s ambitions in the Far East are far from suppressed. No matter what label may be worn by the party temporarily in power, Japan's longings for mastery of Asia are a factor with which the western world is likely to have to reckon for the immeasurable future. More Insubordination. Maj. Gen. Johnson Hagood spoke his mind about W. P. A. expenditures before the House Appropriations Committee. What he said was not complimentary. He complained rather bitterly that Uncle Sam did not put his money into perma nent improvements, including Army housing. W. P. A. money he called ‘‘stage money.” ‘‘You can t get anything out of it in the end,” he said by way of explana tion. And now Gen. Hagood has been relieved of his command of the 8th Corps Area, with headquarters at San Antonio, and ordered home. No one has yet admitted that Gen. Hagood is suf fering a reprimand for what he told the House Appropriations Committee—for lese majeste. At the time his testimony was published there were cries of “in subordination” from several members of Congress. , Just about the time the order to Gen. Hagood was going forth, the Senate was adopting a resolution that in certain quarters might also have been termed “insubordination* It was a resolution offered by Senator Byrd of Virginia. It calls for an investigation of Government expenditures. Further, it proposes to learn why something is not done to pre vent overlapping of expenditures in the Government, and why there has been no consolidation of Government agencies. Senator Byrd, a Democrat, has been a more severe critic of expenditures by the present administration than Gen. Hagood. It is not yet possible, however, for the head of the executive branch of the Government to order the Virginia Senator back home. Gen. Hagood is an officer of the Army of w-hich the President is commander in chief. It is not for a soldier ‘‘to reason why.” It was on the cards that his out spoken comments on the administration policies of spending money would be resented. It may be that he will suffer iurmer ior mem. The Senate committee which has been allotted $20,000 to investigate Government spending has a considerable job on its hands. Probably the author of the reso lution has ideas that conform somewhat to those of Gen. Hagood. It is well understood that the Virginia Senator proposes to look into the use of Govern ment funds for P. W. A., W. P. A. and other projects. Even though Senators who believe in going along with the administration, whatever it may do, may not have been in sympathy with the resolution, they did not raise their voices in opposition. The resolution was per mitted to go through without a dissent ing vote. It is Senator Byrd’s contention that the President has been given complete authority by Congress to go into the matter of preventing overlapping of ex penditures and of consolidating and lessening the number of Government agencies. Bu^what has happened during the past three years? Instead of fewer Government agencies, they have been multiplied. Who remembers the days when the Hoover commissions were the target of Democratic invective? The de mand that the commissions be abolished and Government agencies reduced was an almost daily occurrence then. The customary thing, after the Senate has adopted a resolution calling for an Investigation, is to name the Senator pro posing the resolution chairman of the investigating committee. Senator Byrd, therefore, is in line for the chairmanship of the new committee of inquiry. If he be appointed chairman, a thorough in vestigation of what the Government has been doing with its money will doubt less be in order. It would be a salutary thing. President Roosevelt has received among other honors that fall thick upon him a membership in the “Fly Club” of Harvard. What a Fly Club is* few precisely understand. It is new evi dence that Harvard is modemly pre pared to teach much not limited to the requirements of horse and buggy days. Hospitality Gone Astray? Thousands of boys in their teens are smitten by the urge to wander, and thousands of them run away from home every year. But the story of Robert L. Cohen, Western High School boy, aiho left home last May and was located only this month, in South Dakota, produces a new chapter in such sagas. Young Cohen tells how well he was treated at the various transient camps, established by a beneficent Federal Government in its efforts to deal with the tragic problem of lost youth. The remarkable fact about his experience in these camps is the apparent lack of any co-ordination be tween the transient camp authorities and the police investing lost boys and {/ * seeking to persuade them to go back home. Theoretically, at least, all the police in the country were hunting for the Cohen boy. His picture and his descrip tion were broadcast from Washington shortly after he left. But while the police were making their search the transient camps turned out to be the best of possible “hideaways.” In the camps no questions were asked, no efforts made to check up on the Identity of boys or to find out why they left home. The transient camps were established, of course, in the highest of motives. From young Cohen’s description of his treatment, they have succeeded admi rably in giving temporary aid to home less wanderers. But the camps are not making the best of their opportunities if they do nothing to turn the boys away from a hobo’s life or use their best efforts either to persuade them to go back home or to notify frantic parents where they are. As young Cohen suggests, the camps encourage boys to stay away from home. They make the hobo’s life easier. And, while they may perform the humane function of supplying food and shelter and even money to the wanderers, it is a debatable question whether their efforts are really sociably desirable in the end. It is useless to disparage the “wise crack” as a means of molding public opinion. Even the personage who assumes supercilious disdain cannot be £ept out of the competition to determine who can produce the best one. The Nobel Prize plans might have produced more enduring results by establishing a series of rewards for the year's greatest wise cracK. Shrewd politicians figure on the possi bility of a United States Supreme Court appointed under a single domination. The court is blamed for dissenting opinions. Yet there are forebodings con cerning any arrangements which would make its announcements systematically unanimous. Debunkists who have shown how easy it was for George Washington to throw a dollar over a river may now call on Walter Johnson to show that with the assistance of a base ball manual it would be easy to write a United States Con stitution. -—. .<w --• It is reported that Dr. Hanfstaengl of the Nazi Press Bureau compares Adolph Hitler to George Washington. Nobody ever heard of Hitler’s tossing away 6ilver money or any other kind for the fun of it. While in Topeka, Postmaster General Farley did not fail to intimate that good Democratic hay is just as nourishing to an elephant as to a donkey. Kansas has figured in history as a State with a variety of political appetites. A good statesman may feel that he has enough to do in supervising the United States Constitution without being compelled to memorize such docu mentary details as traffic regulations. The radio orator is given an unfair advantage. The marvelous invention will not be complete until the vast audience is given a few seconds to “boo" or heckle after each expression of per sonal opinion. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. A Campaign Query. The candidates come trooping And nearly every one Is mentioning George Washington Or Thomas Jefferson. Ben Franklin is a model And Jackson is admired. Resemblances which oft are claimed Are much to be admired. One man of cherished glory Most moves them to enthuse. While throwing hats into the ring, They reach for Lincoln’s shoes. Historic imitations Are splendidly displayed— Shall we elect a President Or hold a masquerade? Unreliable Ammunition. “You have the reputation of being quick at repartee.” “I hope I can lose it,” answered Sen ator Sorghum. “Smart answers don't decide serious arguments. A wise cracker is no more good in a real fight than a firecracker.” Says Hezekiafa. “Folks waste their time in callin’ names,” Said Hezekiah Bings. “It irritates and never tames The mood for reckless things. “The word that is in anger spoke Occasions much distress. It’s worse than any foolish joke, An’ much more meaningless. “Better than one whose temper flames Is he who smiles and sings. I don’t believe in callin’ names,’* Said Hezekiah Bings. Jud Tunkins says he wonders how much of a college education you’re supposed to get by reading the jokes in a college magazine. Seeking Both Benefits. “Contentment is better than riches,** said the readymade philosopher. "True,” replied Mr. Dustin 8tax; "but my observation is that a man who is rich has a better chance of becoming content than a man who is contented has of be coming rich.” _ Neglected Leap Year. Two months of leap year have gone by. In sympathy we’ve met Some men who pause, to breathe a sigh Because they’re single yet. "A man dat’s too smart,” said Uncle Eben, "ain* gineter git along so very good. It’s too easy foh him to think up mean things to say. offhand.” 4 v ; Courtesy and Helpfulness Accorded Strangers in Cuba To tht Editor of th« Star: There have been so many conflicting tales and erroneous statements about the unsettled conditions existing in Cuba that I think it would be of interest to describe the true status of affairs as I found them. Everybody knows that Cuba is replete with a militaristic system, but it is just this element of militarism which Insures the safety of natives and foreigners alike. I have traveled ex tensively, but in no country have I observed the efficiency and courtesy which seem to be the Inherent qualities of every policeman and soldier through out the island. Just before my return home I had occasion to make use of this efficiency. Certain valuable papers were stolen from me which, if they were not recovered, would have necessitated my staying in Cuba. Mr. Antonio Sanchez Ferrer, com mander of the National Police, together with a sergeant named Jose M. Valdes Machado, in conjunction with others who freely offered their services, made it pos sible for me to obtain a document which would allow me to take certain of my possessions from the island. It happened that the day I left was a national holiday, with a result that it was particularly difficult to obtain legal documents of any type. Despite this fact, these men gave freely of their time and efforts and, as a consequence, ob tained the necessary papers for me. The amusing, or rather I should say, dis gusting point about the whole affair was that the American consul was celebrating the Cuban * holiday and could not be located, but the natives, holiday or no holiday, were sincerely glad to be of assistance. I have always heard that if one is in trouble in any foreign coun try, he should go to the British consul. This statement has certainly been proved in my case, only I should like to aug ment it by saying that one should try the Cuban consul, too! I have mentioned the names of the policemen involved in this matter be cause I am sincerely appreciative of their efforts in my behalf and I hope that the proper authorities will give them the recompense which they justly deserve. It is due to these men, their superiors and their associates that the streets of any Cuban city or town are just as safe (or more so) as any American city. MARTIN F. RHEINHARDT, JR. Baltimore, Md. Plea for an Invention to Record Listener’s Opinion To the Editor of The Star: The writer, in common with many other residents of the community, passes his leisure time in reading The Evening Star and in listening to the radio, and from both derives much In formation and entertainment. A few days ago. however, I hastily turned off the radio in order that we might be delivered from a program, usually attractive, but which on this day was a disappointment. The reason for silencing the instrument of torture was that the performance resembled a hog-calling contest in which the whole population of a community, presumably near Chicago, competed simultaneously, and for all I know may be still con testing, though I hope not. As may be conjectured, I was mad when I commenced to write this, but my feelings soften considerably when I recall an experience which was related of a young fellow traveling in the hill country around Uvalde. Being responsive to amusement, he was attracted into a dance hall from which emanated sounds of turbulent voices mingled with a semblance of music. The occupants I need not de scribe, nor the hall, except to say that at the end of it was a platform some 7 feet high, and on it was stationed a pianist and a fiddler. Above the plat form, for all to read, was painted in large letters: “Don't shoot the musicians, they are doing the best they know.” Seriously, if inventors could give us a contrivance which, by throwing a switch, would knock down the heinous offender, and then inform him why he was stricken, don't you think we would have fewer and better radio perform ances? A. T. PARKER. Adequate Funds Urged To Meet Health Needs To the Editor of The St»r: Health is wealth not only to those who can go to the different climates during the year, but also to those who are not in a financial position to do so. Some times we do not weigh and measure the reasons that cause more sickness In different cities, towns and rural sections of our country. When you are undernourished from lack of the right*kind of food, take a child, for example, can she play like other children? No, she cannot. When you live in a city, with its closely con gested areas, where the largest percent age live in apartments, houses that only have a front and a- rear exposure, you cannot get the proper light and sunshine unless you go outside—the average per son needs plenty of fresh air. On the other hand, the person who lives in the suburbs and outside of the dense popu lation has a better chance to fight off disease. In other words, it is a proven fact that those who live on a farm in this country are the healthiest people. What the writer wants to bring out to those most interested is that if any one is against helping those who have not the money to live where it is more sani tary and healthy, then something must be done to keep disease down to the lowest possible point by providing enough funds to administer to those who need a health clinic and hospital service. If those who are in a position to help the City of Washington from a health standpoint would stop to realize that where they live, they no doubt have a home with plenty of frontage and depth to their lawn, with flowers and shade trees, with a house with four exposures —which means plenty of fresh air and sunlight, and that is what is most needed, no matter where you reside, for better health, happiness and which means a longer and a contented life. The Dis trict of Columbia needs all the co-opera tion possible for the sake of not only their children, but the grown folks, as well. FELIX A. URY. Punishment, Not Mercy, Is Cure for Drunken Drivers To th« Editor ot The Star: In The Star of February 16, under “Traffic Convictions,1” I gained the fol lowing information. During the past six months M person^ were convicted of the crime of driving while drunk, 35 of whom were placed on probation. Just why these personfc who had de liberately endangered the lives of inno cent persons on the streets and high ways received no more severe penalties, Z fall to see. Any person who is convicted of this crime should be deprived of his license for at least a year and obliged to serve the maximum jail sentence. There can be no extenuating circum stances for a person who deliberately | partakes of any alcoholic bever^p and : I THIS AND THAT | BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ; ..._:_ A single mourning dove is tho latest addition to the number of birds which dally partake of seeds and grains at the three feeders in the garden. Great excitement was caused behind the dining room window, when the speci men flew down and begrn to eat as if it had always been there. No excitement was created at all in the garden; the other birds, including the multitudes of English sparrows, went right ahead with their exacting business of transferring food from out side to inside themselves. The dove was accepted, as a friend and equal by the birds, but he was a mystery to those on the other side of the window pane. At first he was proclaimed some sort of aquatic bird. Look at that long tail, and at that curious hump on his back! The hump, however, shortly disap peared, and closer inspection revealed exceedingly short legs. The creature seemed, in fact, to have no legs at *11. * * * * Recourse to glasses showed small black spots, or blotches, on the cheeks below the bill. More blobs of black were on the wings. Other markings tallied with those in the illustration of the mourning dove, Carolina dove, turtle dove, take your choice of popular names. This fellow walked around in a most sedate fashion, nor was afraid to roost for several minutes on the roof of a feeder on a stake. He was quite sedate about it. He even rested for a time on top of the fence amid the branches of the Dr. Van Fleet rose. This widespread climber, by the way, has been vastly favored bv all the birds, especially the sparrows. ; Any time there is an alarm in the yard, the sparrows fly up and into the vine, usually arranging themselves into veritable sprays of bird life. Several oi me canes aruup »uum me front of the feeding device, and the birds love to perch on them, before hop ping to the trough. The best place to put a feeder, where the birds feels the safest and the most at home, is in a flower border, prefer ably backed by a fence, on which vines clamber. A few evergreens also help to make them feel very much at home. With these additions to the border, the birds will have most of the things they like and not feel inclined to fly far, when anything disturbs them. * * * * The markings on the mourning dove do look a great deal like those on a turtle. As for the mournful quality of its voice, it does not strike this ear as any more so than the average pigeon. The four "steadies” of the pigeon family at the feeders did not in the least resent the presence of the dove, but accepted him without question, mov ing around in their curious way. For all their weight, pigeons are most graceful flyers, and this dove even out does them at this favorite outdoor sport of the birds. We are convinced that all birds get a great deal of pleasure simply out of flying around, else they would not do so much of it. * * * * Pigeons and sparrows, if too many of them, tend to keep other varieties away from feeding stations. The way the English sparrows gradually take possession of a garden where feeding is going on is a most interesting thing to watch. Day by day, in every way, they grow in numbers, until’ one fine day the human agent in the feeding wakes up to the fact that he has more of these little fellows than he might desire. This is true, even in the suburbs, where many more varieties of wild birds come than to feeders in town. Yet the lover of birds can say nay to nothing that comes, so accepts the spar rows with the best grace possible. It is not very difficult for the English sparrow in an engaging bird personality, after all. Despite the far-flung accusations made against him, this sparrow knows how to get along and never misses a chance to find ready food in a cold Winter. While woodpeckers and the like refuse to come, except their favorite dishes are put out for them, the sparrows wre not particular and will take anything which will go down. After several months spent watching vast numbers of these sparrows, we can see nothing really bad about them, at least not to the extent that they are inimitably portrayed in some books we have read. No doubt they do oust bluebirds from homes and indulge in other despicable tricks, but as far as we can see at this time, beneath the feeders in the garden, they are as decent little fellows as the rest of them. * * * * There can be little doubt, however, that when the English sparrows come every day in large numbers, the other and more desirable birds tend to stay away. Not the cardinals, fortunately. These finest of Wintering birds here seem to like to be with the sparrows and will eat with them all day long in the great est of harmony. These redbirds teach human observers a valuable lesson. If we were an early American poet, one who specialized in watching Nature, and then drawing ••lessons” from what he saw, as Bryant did, we might attempt a poem on the redbird and what he teaches us by being so chummy with the English sparrows. All persons interested in feeding the birds at last come to a very practical philosophy, that one must accept the birds and other creatures that feed at the stations as they come, and for what they are, not become obsessed with the idea of driving away any one creature in order that some other one may eat. According to one’s temperament, this will be an easy or a difficult lesson. There are some who resent the squirrels greatly and even go to the extent of snowballing them out of feeders. This is wasted energy. The squirrels think it is a game. * * * * We take them as they come, now, nor rim out after squirrels, or pigeons, or even hawks. Some of the most heralded birds are not so "hot,” as the young people say. Woodpeckers, for instance, i Actually, woodpeckers are not so de siderable, but it is almost lese majesty to say so. English sparrows are better! One of the real interests of bird feed-. ing is to see what comes, and how they come, and when. Today we have the mourning dove and tomorrow probably its mate. Spring is on the way. Day by day new birds will arrive. Spring will be here before we know it. The birds have told us so. What is the use watching birds unless they tell you something? I STARS, MEN AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study, BT THOMAS R. HEXRY. Division of children into mind-func tioning types as an aid to education is proposed by Dr. Hariett Babcock, direc tor of research in abnormal psychology at the Woods School at Langhorne, Pa., in the proceedings of the Institute on the Exceptional Child, just issued. Children, regardless of their degree of intelligence, fall into at least two—prob ably three—reaction types, she says, and she has devised a test technique which will properly classify them. When they are studied without consideration of this factor of mind-functioning, she claims, little headway can be made. The way of using the intelligence is just as significant as the degree of intelligence. The two types, Dr. Babcock claims, persist through life. The characteristic reaction tends to become crystallized with age and form the basis of two fun damental types of human beings which are found in every sort of society. Each type may be further subdivided into minor types. -j Nearly everybody falls on one side or another of the line, and only when there is considerable divergence from the hypothetical average is the individual apt to be considered peculiar. As soon as the divergence becomes pronounced, however, a person has greater and greater difficulty in adjusting. A pecu liarity is that one type has very great difficulty in understanding tl^e other. The first group is characterized by Dr. Babcock as the “impulsive type.” It is composed of children with quick associations and a tendency to respond to a question before enough associations can function to give meaning to what they hear and to bring about a pertinent response. They usually learn quickly, in a superficial way, but because of over nnlclc interfering association and over* readiness they tend to fail repetition tests and to make many eyeless errors. Such children score high on tests of mental functioning up to a certain point, but if their speed of association becomes too great they pass a critical point, lose control, and from sheer inability to hold , their associations in check long enough for pertinent ideas to function before they answer score lower than children of inferior intelligence. "Children of this type,” says Dr. Bab cock, "are usually socially attractive. They give an impression of great alert ness and better Intelligence than they really have. Because of their speed and hitting-the-high-spots method of doing tests, timed group tests of intelligence often overrate them. They are apt to be promoted and pushed beyond their real capacity in school.” . Children of the other major type, she found, are slow in associations and learning. They are apt to seem uninter ested and stupid even when they have an excellent ability to grasp scholastic work. They are said to be Inattentive. If they deteriorate in later stages, the deterioration is interpreted as due to their inner thoughts, which inhibit their expression. Says Dr. Babcock: "Children of this type get credit for greater concentration than they are capable of, Just as the other type gets credit for undue mental brilliancy. It is not true concentration, then drives a car, thus deliberately mak ing of himself a public menace and po tential murderer. He deserves no mercy. H. ^NICHOLS. but is due to the fact that they keep an idea because of lack of other interfering associations. Being wrongly judged stupid, these children often are not given sufficient opportunity to satisfy their intellectual interests. They either are scolded for not keeping up with their classes, or they spend too much time in study because it takes them so much longer to learn things than it does others of the same intelligence. “These two types of children, in their scores on the tests we are using, show two distinct and opposite tendencies. The group which has quick associative functioning gets very high scores on easy timed tests. They also score high on easy learning tests, but they score low on repetition tests, such as digits. The other group is slower in understanding the questions and in warming up to the examination as a whole. They may do worse on the first easy test than on the next one which is harder. They fail learning tests and are high in digit and sentence repetition.’ These two groups. Dr. Babcock points out, show the basic trends of mental functioning which, when exaggerated in later life, result in ihe manic and de mentia precox types of insanity. This comes, however, only with extreme ex aggeration. Nearly every one falls on one side of the line or the other. Evidence is emerging, she says, of still a third group which thus far has not been studied separately. Children of this group are at their worst on easy motor tests and on learning tests. This is apparently due to a difficulty in trans ferring an idea into action. “Children of this group,” says Dr. Bab cock, "may have functional incapacity greater than that of any other group without its being detected. They show that they have understanding, but they awa pi iwnw( cinnlir Iamu in HninflP thinOC They may respond to some very strong stimulus, even getting up very early of their own accord to try to get work, and yet fail to be interested in much of any thing else. They get scoldings and naggings when they really need help. These children can be so incapacitated without their parents or teachers know ing that there is anything wrong except ‘lack of will’ that they can scarcely score at all on standard tests to which there must be some limit. They are usually brought to a clinic because they are ■stubborn.’ When this condition of not being able to carry over an idea into action is very bad we recognize the con dition as catatonic dementia precox.” It often has been the practice in the past. Dr. Babcock points out, to classify these children primarily as "emotional types,” the characteristic emotional re action being considered the cause of the divergent mental function. Actually, she says, the characteristic way in which the 'mind functions is in the cause, not the effect, of the emotion, for emotional re sponses usually are made when there is no other adequate response to be made to a situation. She urges that the edu cational method used with each child be selected in accordance with the sub ject’s mind-functioning type. A Tip to Al. Prom th* Beaton Tranacript. If Mr. Smith wants New Englanders to take a walk, he’d better ship up some sand and ANSWERS TO |: QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. c. Please inclose stamps for reply. Q. How many people are living and traveling in motor car trailers?—R. n. A. It is estimated that about 300.000 Americans are living in this fashion. Most of these auto campers have retired from active pursuits and are following their inclination and the weather from place to place, seeing America while liv ing “at home.’* Q. How jnany times has Mussolini been arrested?—J. W. A. Altogether, in Italy and Switzer land, Mussolini has been arrested 11 times. Q. What Is the costliest metal?—E. M. A. It is protactinium, which is worth $1,000,000 an ounce. Q. How many drug stores in the United States have soda fountains? —M. M. A. In 1930 there were.34,265 drug stores in the United States equipped with soda fountains. Q. When did the late King George first start racing in his own name?— E. H. K. A. It was in 1911 that King George V began racing in his own name, fiis first winner was Pintadeau, a colt by Florizcl II, out of Guinea Hen. Q. Who wrote the play, "Our American Cousin,” which President Lincoln was witnessing when he was assassinated? —S. S. A. The comedy was written by Tom Taylor, in 1858. Q. Please locate and describe Death Valley Scotty’s castle—F. P. A. Located near the mouth of Grape vine Canyon and built by Walter Scott, ex-cowboy of Buffalo Bill fame, and his partner, A. M. Johnson, the castle is an impressive sight. Massive gates block the bridge that gives entrance to the grounds over the wash. The house is of concrete construction and Spanish-style architecture, with towers, gardens, pools and plazas. Q. What is the origin of the Cincinnati music festivals?—E. H. A. In 1873 Cincinnati held a festival conducted by Theodore Thomas. The idea thus engendered led to the regular biennial May festivals held there since that time. Q. What was the first town in the United States to be named for George Washington?—E. R A. The town of Washington, N. C< which was named in 1776. Q. Who is president of the Interna tional Poe Society?—J. G. A. Richard Gimble is president of the organization, which has headquarters in Philadelphia, Pa. Q. Where are the oldest landscape gar dens in the United States?—E. H. A. They are the Middleton Gardens. 15 miles from Charleston, S. C. These gar dens were completed in 1750. Q. How many holds are there in ju jutso?—C. T. S. A. In jujutso or its modernized form, judo, there are 250 holds. This art of self-defense is compulsory in all Jap anese schools. Q. How much money has been raised for infantile paralysis victims by the President’s birthday balls?—H. T. T. A. In 1934 the balls netted $1,015,000, in 1935 the amount was $1,071,000, in 1936 it is believed that the sum will reach $1,500,000. Q. Do ranchers who are raising beef for market breed their own stock?— J. McH. A. Ranchmen raising beef cattle for the market rarely breed their own stock. »They buy what are called stockers and feeders, steers, from cattle breeders. When the steers are grazed to weight for the market they are shipped and more young steers bought. Q. Is more than one Sabbath or Sun day observed in Palestine?—M. B. A. The Christians observe Sunday, the Jews Saturday and the Moslems Friday. The Turks are changing their “day of rest” to coincide with the Christian Sun day. as a business expedient, not as a religious observance. Q. Was Edw'ard L. Doheny ever a pros pector?—C. M. A. He spent 20 years prospecting for gold, silver and. oil. In the years fol lowing 1892 his efforts were rewarded by the discovery of several oil districts in California and Mexico. Q. When Spain was a monarchy, what position was signified by duenna?—J. R. A. The chief lady in waiting to the Queen was so called. The word is also used to designate an elderly woman who acts as guardian to a younger woman in a Spanish family. Q. What is an esker?—M. W. C. A. An esker is a low, narrow, winding ridge of gravel and sand, examples of which are found in Scandinavia, North America and other countries formerly covered by ice sheets. Eskers are from 1 to 20 miles long and are often from 40 to 80 feet high. It is believed that these deposits were formed by the action of streams underneath the glaciers which existed in the glacial period. Compulsory Idlers. From the PhlUdelphl* Evening Bulletin. When J. P. Morgan defined the leisure class he forgot to include those who be long to it of necessity rather than choice. Proposed Amendment. From the Roanoke Time*. If they simply must amend the Consti tution, why don’t they submit an amend ment providing Congress with a good lawyer? A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Day Dreaming Though city bred I often yearn To tackle life anew, Tramping along thru open roads Under Cod’s friendly blue; Sleeping beneath some sheltering fir, Breathing the pine-fllled air, Rising to breakfast on wild fruit, Dining on quail or hare; Free of four walls and man-made streets; Free of the daily grind ... » Yet when even comes I seek my home In cgpunon with all mankind. —,