Evening star. [volume], March 08, 1936, Page A-5, Image 5

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
SEEN BY THOMAS
Faur-Hour Senate Address
Delayed Legislation With
“Teeth in It.”
, This is the seventh of a series of
articles by Mr. Allinson on the
“new neutrality" policy of the
United States.
BY BRENT DOW ALLINSON.
Senator Elbert D. Thomas of Utah,
a member of both the Foreign Rela
tions and Military Affairs Committees
of the Senate has taken a. lively In
terest in the great problems of Ameri
can neutrality, ever since the Foreign
- Relations Committee first began to re
consider the matter, last Summer, be
fore the outbreak of hostilities in
Ethiopia.
A professor when he is at home in
Balt Lake City, he is thoroughly versed
in the theory ol
neutrality and can
give numberless
historic pre
cedents for this
and that concep
tion, together with
annotated argu
ments for things as
they are and rea
sons why effective
reform cannot
swiftly and surely
be made by act ol
Congress.
Serious or senti
. . -v mental attempts to
Senator Thom.,. abo,jsh the armed
International anarchy by embargoing
the total trade in munitions of war
arouse his curiosity, but his erudition
tempers his enthusiasm, for he per
ceives so many aspects to the problem
of attaining real neutrality, in policy
and law, that he appears unable to
make up his mind what more to do, if
anything, about it.
Lectured Senate 4 Hours.
On the eve of the passage of the
compromise neutrality bill last month
he delivered a four-hour address to
the Senate, raising so many doubts In
the minds of his hearers as to the
significance of what had already been
done that the net effect was to un
nerve confidence and delay decision
in the drive for permanent neutrality
legislation "with teeth in it.”
' Senator Thomas would not go be
jrcnd approving re-enactment of the
statute of last August, with addition
of a provision prohibiting war-loans
and credits, and stipulating that the
act shall apply henceforth to all
etates that become belligerent in a
war in which the United States is
neutral. The compromise resolution
passed by the Senate February 18 and
aingned by the President was origi
nally introduced by him. although
’ Senator Pittman, chairman of the
Foreign Relations Committee, spon
•ored the measure on the floor.
Senator Thomas appears to believe
that we have now gone far enough in
our "revolutionary” efforts to annul
the war-system and modify a tradi
tional and an irresponsible conception
of neutrality. While appearing to
favor neutrality as a provisional meas
ure of national safety, he yet declares
that it is without morality as a legal
doctrine, and is "impracticable now
adays, however useful it may have
WCU1 US UlC pMOvi
Occupies Middle Position.
Like the Bible, therefore. Senator
Thomas and his profound address
may be quoted in support of both the
old and the new testament of neu
trality and in defense of apparently
contradictory and irreconcilable forms
of national behavior in war time. The
Senator occupies a middle-of-the-road
position between that of the Munitions
Committee, on the left, and the na
tional isolationists or do-nothing tra
ditionalists, on the right. Yet he
quoted Livy to the effect that "There
Is no middle ground" between war and
peace!
He cited Thomas Jefferson's letter
to Robert Livingstone, September 19.
1801, in defense of the old neutrality,
as follows:
“War between two nations cannot
diminish the rights of the rest of the
world remaining at peace. The doc
trine that the rights of nations re
maining quietly in the exercise of
moral and social duties are to give
way to the convenience of those who
prefer plundering and murdering one
another is a monstrous doctrine and
ought to yield to the more rational
law that ‘the wrong which two na
tions endeavor to inflict on each other
must not infringe on the right? or
conveniences of those remaining at
peace.’ Shall two nations turning
tigets break up in one instant the
peaceable relations of the whole
world?”
To this Senator Thomas added: "I
hold no brief for any one who would
glory in extra profits taken from war;
but I am totally unable to see why an
American oil company, or a motor
company, or a hot-dog salesman, or
even a student or a tourist who wishes
to go abroad to study and observe,
ahould have to suspend his ordinary
pursuits and suffer inconvenience and
loss, simply because some state is
•eized with the hydrophobia of war.”
Old Neutrality Danrerous.
A little later, however, he exclaimed:
“Neutrality in its old form is dan
gerous. If the neutral state thinks
' it has rights, it can maintain them
only by fighting for them. We hare
been led into two great wars in ex
actly that fashion. Under the old
law there was no interference at all
by Government in the economic ac
tivities of Americans. Public mili
tary activity must not be indulged
in; but there was private economic
participation of every kind. We aimed
at political Isolation only, and were
Impartial in theory. The degree of
impartiality, in fact, depended upon
the state of belligerent control of
the trade-routes. Those facts and
circumstances actually controlled our
neutrality. But there was full diplo
matic support of any kind of mer
chants’ adventure. That was part of
our scheme."
In regard to the present measure,
he said:
“Under the new theory we have
made such a revolutionary change
that there is a contrast in almost
every item. Under the former theory,
private participation in the economic
and financial phases of war was al
lowed. We not only sold, for ex
ample, over $2,000,000,000 worth of
goods to the belligerent countries of
Europe^—chiefly the Allies—while we
were ‘neutral,’ but we lent $2,000,
000,000 to help finance the selling.
Almost All Bights Abandoned.
“Now there is an almost complete
abandonment of any defense of neutral
rights. We have gone so far that, when
v one analyses it, he is surprised. Public,
and to an Increasing degree, private
l »
* • I
Firemen Battle Lumberyard Blaze
■II Ini llllllill II in—
Bystanders watching the spectacular fire last night In the Galliher & Klimkiewicz Lumberyard in Southeast
Washington.
Two firemen plunge In among the flames, seeking a vantage point from which to throw water.
—Star Staff Photo*.
Fire
(Continued From First Page.)
a raging volcano by the time we got
| to the back of the house, and garages
! and sheds were beginning to blaze all
1 along the alley. In a few minutes,
j the fire was so hot our back windows
! began to break and we all ran to the
| front door. People were running out
of houses all along the block."
20 Fire Companies.
Within a few minutes, fire appa
ratus was converging on the scene
from all nearby engine houses and in
little more than a half hour 20 com
' panies were on the scene and 12,000
feet of hose had been unlimbered.
The first streams were turned on the
smoldering rear walls and roofs of
the six brick-and-frame houses from
1312 to 1322 Eleventh street and those
at 1115 and 1117 N street. Sheds, ga
rages and wood fences in the rear of
these houses already were well ablaze
and were burned to the ground. Pre
liminary check revealed no automo
biles in the garages. Water was
poured into most of the houses along
the two sides of the square before the
walls and roofs were safe from the
fountains of sparks and embers.
A two-story frame alley dwelling
in the rear of 1322 Eleventh street,
occupied by colored residents, was
virtually destroyed. The occupants
fled and police and firemen were un
able to get their names.
Although the lumber sheds and
their contents were destroyed, fire
fighters were able to save the mill
ing plant and shops of the lumber
firm, separated by a small alley from
the sheds.
"It was a wonderful piece of fire
fighting," said Francis D. Klimkie
wicz, 1322 Twelfth street southeast,
head of the firm. "I wouldn't have
given a nickle for that mill when I
first saw it, but it was scarcely dam
aged when the fire finally was under
control. I don’t think damage to
the mill building will be more than
$100.”
Klimkiewicz said he would have
to consult his books before he would
know the exact footage of the lumber
in the sheds or its value. He was un
abstention from both military and
economic activity is demanded. There
are stringent governmental controls
over all economic intercourse with
the belligerents. Political and eco
nomic isolation, impartiality in theory,
are assured by the neutral—but not
by the belligerent—nation in with
holding exports. It is not discretion
ary or permissive in its provisions. It
is a commanding type of law.
“I think there can be no doubt,"
he added, "in stressing these great
changes, that it would be wrong for
us to go any further without more
experimentation, or experience than
we have had. Each one of the items
mentioned was a radical change from
the past; and we shall never know
until we have run through tha next
150 years of history whether the
change will effect that which we tried
to do."
In reply to a request for his judg
ment of neutrality as a political
theory, Senator Thomas said:
“There is no morality in neutral
ity—because it is based upon a con
cept of law that ignores the ques
tion of right and wrong. However
scrupulously neutral or impartial we
may try to be, we are sure to hurt
one side more than another. When
the United States asserted that she
would sell equally to Germany and to
the Allies, the actual result was that
Germany could obtain nothing from
us. If we had reversed the situa
tion then, and refused to sell to both,
our neutrality would have offset the
British Navy to the advantage of the
Germans. Today, when we refuse
to sell to both Italy and Ethiopia, the
result is actually to hurt Italy more
than Ethiopia, for the Ethiopians
could not obtain supplies from us
anyhow.”
Such are some of the implications of
neutrality and the circumstances Ini
which demand for reform has arisen.
But the end is not yet.
>
willing to make an estimate but said
that he had at least 100,000 board
feet of flooring and a new rarioad
of white pine, in addition to the
regular stock in storage.
Gas Company Aids.
The Washington Gas Light Co.
turned out approximately 25 emer
1 gency crew workers and company
: fire apparatus, under leadership of H.
L. Leonard, company safety engineer,
and they were joined by a hook and
ladder and three engines from the Dis
trict forces to protect the gas plant
across Twelfth street from the blaz
ing lumber sheds. The wind blew
the sparks away from the gas plant
and Leonard said that there was no
! actual danger to the plant.
The gas company guards kept spec
tators off the oxide dump piles along
Twelfth street closest to the flames
although, Leonard explained, the oxide
was not particularly inflammable.
Gas storage tanks, several hundred
feet from the fire, were in no danger,
Leonard said.
The heat smashed windows out of
the rear of an office and storage build
ing on the rear of an automobile re
pair and storage yard operated by
Jacob Levine at 1310 Eleventh street.
This yard has been the scene of two
disastrous fires in recent years. The
flames also came within 50 feet of the
gasoline station of Clark Keene at
Eleventh and N streets, but attendants
reported the buildings and property
were undamaged. It was the only
property in the north half of the
square to escape damage.
Private homes which were dam
aged, all of them losing sheds and
fences in the rear, were those of Mrs.
Kathrine C. Taylor. 1312 Eleventh
street southeast: her sons, John P.
Taylor, jr., 1314 Eleventh street; Percy
E. Moy, 1316 Eleventh street; Mrs.
Annie Wheeler, 1318 Eleventh street;
Mrs. Emma Day, 1320 Eleventh street;
James I. Miles, 1322 Eleventh street;
Percy Proctor, 1115 N street south
east, and Mrs. Susie Miner, 1117 N
street.
The Miles home, farthest south of
those damaged, adjoins the alley ex
tending back to the lumber mill and
sheds. Houses and stores, including
the show room and offices of the lum
ber company, south of the alley es
caped damage.
An automobile truck belonging to
the Day family, parked on Eleventh
street in front of the house, escaped
damage.
Lateness Saves Car.
Alfonse Kunst, a roomer in the
home of Mrs. Taylor at 1312 Eleventh
street, said that only the fact he was
late getting home from work saved
hLs new car.
“I was a half hour late,” he said.
"Otherwise I would have just about
gotten my new ear put away in the
garage before the fire started.” The
garage was burned to the ground.
Although the fire in the renter of
| the square in and immediately around
| the lumber piles was of terrific inten
' sity. it was under control except in
the sheds proper within 15 minutes
after the arrival of the first appara
tus and within a little more than an
hour the fire was confined to the
mountainous heaps of embers which
l had been the lumber and sheds and
the danger was over.
While the lumber yard blaze was at
: its height, fire, also of undetermined
origin, broke out in the basement of
an apartment house at 1644 Columbia
road, forcing occupants to flee to the
streets and causing several hundred
dollars' damage to the four apart- |
ments in the building.
The stairway leading to the first
i floor was destroyed and telephone and
electric light service was disrupted.
Street car service on Columbia road
was halted for about 45 minutes. John
Martin, colored, 53, janitor, said he
had been in the basement to tend the ,
furnace only about 15 minutes before
: the fire was discovered by Mrs. Mary
Walker, who occupies a second-floor
apartment. Other residents who were
forced to flee were Mr. and Mrs. P. O.
Finlayson. Mr. and Mrs. John Reiss,
Miss Sylvia Walker and Miss Rose
Walker.
A short time later the frame home
of E. W. Porter, colored, 5325 Eastern
avenue northeast, was almost com
pletely destroyed by Are. Porter was
alone in the house at the time.
BANK STOCK LOSS
RULED DEDUCTIBLE
Return on Incomes as of 1933
Can Show Write-Off, Says
Adams Case Stipulation.
Losses on stock of the closed Fed
eral-American National Bank & Trust
Co. were deductible from Income tax
returns in 1933, when the bank closed,
according to a stipulation closing the
case of Byron S. Adams, 512 Eleventh
street, before the Board of Tax Ap
peals yesterday.
The stipulation had been antici
pated in the case, because the receiver
of the bank, Cary A. Hardee, on ad
vice of the Treasury Department, had
warned stockholders of the Institution
in an official letter recently that 1933
was the deductible year.
The stipulation, signed by represent
atives of both the stockholder and the
Treasury Department, was followed by
an official order of the Board of Tax i
Appeals. The order, signed by Eugene
Black, head of the board, held the
taxpayer owed the Government no de
ficiency taxes as previously charged by
the Government.
Adams originally had claimed a loss
of $23,300 in 1933, because of the
bank’s clasing. The taxes involved
were $2,665.98.
-•
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* A