Evening star. [volume], March 22, 1936, Page A-3, Image 3

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
ITALY BOLSTERS
SEGURJTYPOSITION
Austria and Hungary Re
ported Ready to Sign Pact
Replacing 1934 Accord.
BACKGROUND— , , . .
On March 17. 1934. Italy. Austria
and Hungary—represented by Mus
solini. Dolfuss and Goemboes—
signed three pacts. First was,
political document. by which
participants agreed on consultation
in all matters of common interest,
other two were commercial agree
ments.
Since riie of Hitler in Germany,
Italy has feared extension of Nazi
influence into Austria and has sup
ported Dolfuss and Schuschnigg in
Quietly resisting such extension.
At same time parties to Rome
accords have kept eyes on Balkan
entente of Czechoslovakia. Yugo
slavia and Rumania and more re
cent "understanding" between this
trio and France.
By the Associated Press.
ROME. March 21.—A reliable source
disclosed tonight that representatives
of Italy. Austria and Hungary had
agreed, after conferences here, to sign
a new consultative treaty strengthen
ing and replacing the Rome accords
of 1934.
Premier Mussolini had made a re
newed bid for continued friendship of
Austria and Hungary in conslutations
with Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg of
Austria and Premier Julius Goemboes
of Hungary. It was those nations
which expressed their sympathy for
the Italian cause when the League
of Nations tried to stop the Italio
Ethiopian War with sanctions.
The terms of the new treaty were
still under discussion, but the prin
cipal points were said to have been
covered.
Austria Asks Independence.
Austria vishes her independence
guaranteed, but it was learned that
Hungary is not very enthusiastic on
that point. Nevertheless there were
Indications that this matter would be
touched on in the treaty, which would
bind the three countries closer than
the old accord.
Economic talks were still to come, it
was reliably stated.
The same source revealed that Pre
tnerier Goemboes was seeking two con
cessions—signed guarantees for the
Hungarian minorities in Rumania.
Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, and
Hungary's right to armament equality
with those same neighbors.
The treaty of Trianon—the peace
pact signed June 4, 1920, among the
allied powers and Hungary—allows
Hungary about 36.000 men. A similar
restriction was placed on Austria.
Hungary, it was stated in this quar
ter. does not intend to build up its
army to the strength of her stronger
neighbors, but wishes the right to
maintain an army which she deems
necessary.
Visitors Receive Ovation.
H Duce acompanied Schuschnigg
and Goemboes to the Chamber of Dep
uties. where they received an ovation
as friends of Italy.
After the Chamber session the Ital
ian leader gave the visiting premiers
a banquet at Venezia Palace, then took
them to the opera. They heard a New
York girl, Marion Clarke, sing the
leading female role in “Forza Del
Destino,” with Beniamino Gigli.
During the diplomatic interlude
Italian troops pressed forward in sim
taneous advances on both fronts in
Ethiopia, with their objectives Quoram,
30 miles south of Amba Alaji, and
Harar, the second city of Ethiopia.
Admiral Domenico Cavagnari. un
dersecretary of the navy, told the
Chamber of Deputies that the situa
tion in the Mediterranean "has had
eome critical moments” which “could
have given rise to tragic events on the
seas.”
c. c. c.
(Continued From First Page 1
privately, however, that they would
Insist on going ahead with the peti
tion unless a favorable compromise
was reached over the week end.
Under party rules, a two-thirds vote
of the caucus could bind all Democrats
to unanimous support of any matter
brought before it.
Some’Democratic leaders said, how
ever, that the bloc could not com
mand two-thirds of the party mem
bership on any move against which
the President had thrown strong op
position.
Nichols said, though, his bloc was
pressing ahead with plans to put
through a bill to authorize a $157,
000,000 appropriation to carry the
present 2,158 camps to July 1, 1937.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
THE BOARD OF ACCOUNTANCY FOR
THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA will hold
an elimination for those wishing to obtain
certificates to practice in the District of
Columbia as certified public accountants
on the three (3) days beginning on or
about THURSDAY. May 14. 1936, the
exact time and place to be more specifically
announced later. Applications nruat be
made on forms provided by the board and
filed before May 1. 1936. with
c VAUGHAN DARBY. Secretary
Potomac Electric Power Company Building.
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Hotel Guests Leave in Rowboat
Guests check out of the Bond Hotel at Hartford, Conn., by boat and bell hops tcear boots as
the waters of the Connecticut River stand several feet deep in the lobby.
—Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto.
This Changing World
U. S. Without Espionage Laws Could Become
Spies’ Haven—European Governments
Maintain Special Units to Meet Danger.
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
SPIONAGE is rampant through
out the world. Like other
weapons of war. the science of
espionage has increased ten
fold since the last war.
There will no longer be incidents
or mistakes made by "amateurs" like
Von Papen and Capt. Boy-Ed. Nations
have taken out of the hands of mili
tary and naval attaches the compli
cated job of spying and creating dis
turbances and have placed them in
the hands of highly trained special
ists. These men have no official con
nections with the governments they
are working for and in many instances
are not even nationals of their em
ployers.
The military and naval attaches and
the official "desks" in charge of col
lecting information and data in war
and navy departments are more or less
like editorial departments.
The political, social, economic and
financial trends of the various coun
tries are studied there. The basis of
these studies is official government re
ports, newspapers and magazines and
statements of prominent individuals.
* * * *
But while officials are keeping their
hands clean in order to avoid unpleas
ant complications, the hirelings are
doing the dirty work which ranges
from obtaining the latest blueprints
of guns and warships to actually steal
ing the most up-to-date airplanes
right from under the noses of their
guards.
* * * *
The United States is the only power
in the world, where spies and foreign
agents can work without being inter
fered with. There is not a single law
against espionage and what is more
there is not a single agency to follow
up and learn the work of spies.
* * * *
Great Britain. France, Germany,
Italy, Japan and all the other coun
tries have special organizations to
cope with that danger. They have on
their staff able and highly trained men
provided with funds to check spy in
vasions which precede the outbreak of
a w ar.
In Great Britain there is the politi
cal branch of the Scotland Yard and
the special branch of the foreign of
fice. The former's task 1s to follow all
foreign and British agents in the pay
of a foreign country within the United
Kingdom. And they seldom fall in
their task.
The special branch of the foreign
office supplies Scotland Yard with the
necessary data regarding the activities
of other countries, keeps careful flies
of information received either from
counter-espionage agents or direct
from embassy and legation staffs.
These two branches supplement each
other fully. Nobody quite knows how
much is being spent on this work be
cause the secret funds are never dis
cussed by the House of Commons.
* * * *
France has the Surete Generale. a
very complicated and highly efficient
organization with agents all over
Europe and mountains of flies on
allmost every individual in Paris or
the important cities in the provinces.
The representatives of the
“Surete” can be found in all im
portant cities in Europe and
affiliates of that organisation are
spread all over the world. Their
main task is not so much to find
out what other countries are do
ing, but how they are watching
France and try to get her military
secrets.
The same thing applies to Germany,
where the activities of every living
soul are closely watched by able police,
to Switzerland. Austria and down the
line even to the little principality of
Monaco.
These are, of course, the “defensive
work" of the world nations against
those who want to pry Into their mili
tary secrets or want to produce in
ternal troubles for the benefit of
some hostile neighbor.
* * * *
Should another international con
flagration break out, the United States
will again become the haven of inter
national plotters.
The military and naval intelligence
services have their hands tied. They
cannot so much as suggest that cer
tain individuals should be shadowed
while we are not at war with any
nation. If some important foreign
agent comes to the United States, the
only means of finding out is when
British or French intelligence services
k
I draw the attention of our attacnes
abroad to the personality of the indi
vidual. And then all we can do is try
and prevent his entry into this coun
try on some technicality in the immi
j gration law. And that seldom works.
Spies come on a visitor's visa and can
satisfy the most scrupulous consul
or immigration officer. Once in the
country he can do anything he wishes,
provided he does not actually try to
take pictures inside the navy yards
or arsenals.
* * * *
Of course. Edgar Hoover’s G-men
could effectively check up on the
doings of the agents of foreign gov
i emments in the United States. But
Hoover has neither the necessary men,
nor the funds, for such a task. And
what is worse, there is nothing in the
statute books of the United States to
make espionage a punishable crime
In time of peace.
Europe
(Continued From First Page.)
that Hitler based his order for Ger
man troops to enter the long-demili
tarized Rhineland. He claimed that
France had herself violated the Lo
carno pact in making a military alli
ance with a nation outside the scope
of that pact and that, consequently,
Germany no longer was bound by it.
France promised that she would
leave it up to The Hague to decide
whether she had broken her prom
i ises under the Locarno treaty, by
which Germany, on one side, and
France and Belgium on the other,
pledged themselves not to attack each
other.
French statesmen said that if The
Hague Court rules against them,
France will immediately end her al
liance with Russia—thus removing
Hitler's cause for objection*.
Want Rhineland Patrolled.
But in the meantime the Locarno
treaty powers, at the insistence of
France and Belgium, want a strip of
territory in Germany, where it touches
France and Belgium, patrolled by an
international military force.
The French say that such a force
Is necessary to prohibit the possibility
that Germany will launch a sudden
attack across the Rhine.
To the entrance of such a force,
Germany objects.
However, the British, hoping that
Hitler will accede to this demand, as
sured the German government that
the Rhineland would be occupied by
international soldiers for a time only
"as short as the British can make it.”
COUNTER PROPOSALS SEEN.
Berlin Circles Expect Hitler to Reply
With Offers.
BERLIN, March 21 (A5).—Political
authorities said tonight they felt posi
tive Reichsfuehrer Hitler was prepar
ing new counter proposals with which
to answer the Locarno powers’ sug
gestions for settling the Rhineland
controversy.
As evidence of this belief they
pointed to the airplane trip back from
London by Joachim von Ribbentrop,
Hitler's special ambassador and dip
lomatic expert.
It was through Von Ribbentrop that
Great Britain, France, Belgium and
Italy made their suggestion that the
Franco-Soviet military alliance be sub
mitted to the Hague Court and that,
in the interim, an international mili
tary force be placed in the Rhineland
to watch the German troops newly
assigned there.
SANCTIONS EFFORTS SEEN.
France May Seek Penalties If Plan la
Rejected.
PARIS, March 21 OP).—Prance may
seek sanctions against Germany, of
ficials indicated, if Reichsfuehrer
Hitler rejects, as some expect, the
Locarno treaty signers’ new plan tc
keep his soldiers away from the Rhine.
Hitler’s defiant refusal to "abandon
one centimeter” of Germany’s “rights"
in his speech at Hamburg was taken
by French officials as a warning that
peace will be difficult.
The cabinet discussed France’s air
defense today along with the diplo
matic moves to counteract the German
troops’ reoccupation of the demilitar
ised Rhineland. It heard from the
air minister. Marcel Deat, the condi
tion of the French flying force*.
k
AID GROUP FORMED
AT HARPERS FERRY
Morgan County Hard Hit by
Flood With 50 Houses
Washed Away.
Special Dispatch to The Star.'
MARTKJSBURG. W. Va„ March 21.
—Mrs. B. B. Ranson. acting chairman
of relife work in Jefferson County,
announced formation of a Flood Re
lief Committee of three at Harpers
Ferry to have supervision of relief
distribution. She said response to an
emergency appeal for food and cloth
ing there had been generous. W. P. A.
labor was thrown into the work of
cleaning the streets at the ferry to
day, using a road commission scraper.
Morgan County's condition was de
scribed today by members of the
Emergency Flood Committee as seri
ous. Two members of the committee
came here today to ask aid from
Berkeley County for Morgan direct
relief. Broken telephone connections
delayed the detailed report on the
situation there.
The committee, headed by Ward
Dawson, president of the county
I court, said 50 houses in the county
had been washed away, 300 persons
are permanently homeless, and an
additional 200 will be temporarily
homeless. The committee was organ
izing to combat threats of hunger suf
fering. destitution and disease. The
survey Includes only a partial report
from Par Paw, a town of 1,000 lying
along the Potomac, which was Inun
dated.
Damages by communities Include;
Brosius—several houses washed away
with contents, post office washed into
field, one span of bridge over Potomac
to Hancock washed out: Great Caca
pon—Three residences and a canning
plant badly damaged: Sir Johns Run
—half dozen buildings dislocated,
' railroad tracks submerged, families
! making homes In churches and
! schools, railroad tower overturned;
Magnolia—two houses, store and post
office put out of use; Cacapon River
area—Summer cottages swept away,
stores floated off; Sleepy Creek—
three houses and "two stores washed
off foundations; Berkeley Springs
(county seat)—no heavy damage, but
many businesses in downtown section
flooded.
Romney, in Hampshire County,
established contact with the outside
today after being virtually isolated
since Wednesday. Light and water
service was restored Friday. No
school was held Thursday or Friday.
Route 50 is opened to Winchester,
and will be open Monday to the
western part of the State. The road
to Cumberland is blocked by a bridge
washout and ferry service Is being
considered. There still is no bus
service. Mail service was resumed
Saturday.
McCarl
(Continued From First Page.')
conducted, the possibility of an at
tractive offer from the outside also
has been foreseen.
High in President's Regard.
No particular surprise would be
occasioned should McCarl be retained
despite the fact he is a Republican in
a *10,000 job, for President Roosevelt
holds him in high regard, and even
the severest critics of the stocky Ne
braskan never dispute the fact that
he approaches every problem from a
standpoint of entire disinterestedness
and interprets the law as he sees it.
That has been McCarl’s policy since
he came on the scene under President
Harding. Republicans have fared no
better at his hands than Democrats,
and as an agent of Congress, he has
had support from both parties.
Never having evinced the slightest
hesitancy about turning down pro
posed projects in the Roosevelt ad
ministration if he believed they ran
counter to the statutes, McCarl’s in
cumbency has been looked upon by
some Democrats as of distinct ad
vantage to the party. With vast ex
penditures very much in the fore
front, these argue, the general public
is at least satisfied that the money is
handled in accord with the law, so
IN MONTGOMERY
County Health Officer
Moves to Prevent Ty
phoid Outbreak.
Bt a Staff Correspondent oI The Star.
ROCKVILLE, Md.. March 21.—
Montgomery County police and fire
men patrolled the flood area ot the
Potomac tonight to prevent looting
as County Health Officer V. L. Elli
cott moved to prevent a typhoid out
break by inoculating refugees in tne
Glen Echo firehouse. .
Satisfied the Red Cross has the im
mediate situation well In hand, the
county commissioners looked to per
manent reconstruction of the stricken
area along more progressive lines by
adoption of an order Intended to rid
the river front of undesirable squat
ters.
With that in mind the commission
ers directed Building Inspector E. J.
Gray to refuse permits for "any build
ing except to the owner of the prop
erty.”
To Remove “Dens of Vice.”
Commissioner Robert D. Hagner,
who sponsored the order, said it was
aimed at certain properties along tne
water front erected by private Indi
viduals on land belonging to the
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co. These
structures are all tax-exempt and
some have degenerated into "dens oi
vice,” the commissioner said.
Some were swept away and many
damaged by the flood. Applicants who
seek permission for new buildings on
the canal land or repair old ones will
have to appeal to the commissioners
if they want to fight the building in
spector's refusal. The County Board
said it would decide each case on its
merits.
In addition to the instructions re
garding buildings on land owned by
other persons, the commissioners di
rected Gray to "scrutinize very care
fully all building permits requested
along the river front.”
Prescott Offers Aid.
The board's order was passed at a
meeting called in response to a tele
gram from State Senator Stedman
Prescott asking the extent of the flood
damage and offering to present emer
gency legislation needed to relieve
suffering and damage.
Ira C. Whitacre, clerk to the board,
was instructed to wire Senator Pres
cott that "the Red Cross is meeting
immediate needs of the flood suffer
ers, that 37 families consisting of 162
persons are homeless and destitute,
that no accurate estimate of property
damage can be made until the flood
subsides further, and that no legisla
tion will be sought pending develop
ments in Washington, where Senator
Tydings plans to seek a S5.000.000
Federal appropriation for flood re
lief in Maryland."
In response to many complaints of
looting, the county police late today
established a patrol in the flood area.
They were reinforced with a detach
ment of volunteer firemen from the
Bethesda department.
40 Are Inoculated.
Taking every possible precaution to
safeguard the flood refugees. Dr. Elli
cott inoculated about 40 against ty
phoid today. He appealed to the pub
lic to notify the county health de
partment before returning to homes
that were inundated, so that inspec
tions could be made by county sani
tary inspectors.
Encouraged by the response to its
drive for flood emergency funds, the
county Red Cross announced it ex
pected to double its quota of $1,000.
Meanwhile. Judge Donald A. De
Lashmutt, drive chairman, and Com
missioner ‘Hagner plunged into the
housing problem presented by ref
ugees. They hope to locate homes for
those whose permanent residences
were l06t or severely damaged.
long as McCarl is In charge of ac
count*.
Meanwhile—without regard to the
possibility of McCarl's reappointment
—the list of prospects for his place is
growing. Some believe the chances
good for William H. McReynolds. for
mer director of classification and now
administrative assistant to Secretary
Morgenthau, who has the support of
the Treasury head.
Another Just now mentioned is J. P.
Wenchel of the legal staff of the De
partment of Agriculture.
Harrison Is Mentioned.
From Capitol Hill have come sug
gestions that the choice might fall
on Senator Harrison, Democrat, of
Mississippi, chairman of the Finance
Committee, or Representative Wood
rum, Democrat, of Virginia, a mem
ber of the House Appropriations Com
mittee. should either be receptive.
In McCarl's own office, three names
have figured in the speculation—
Charles M. Galloway and O. R. Mc
Guire of the legal staff, and Frank L.
Yates, attorney conferee, who long
has been the controller general's right
hand man. Yates is a graduate of
the ranks in the General Account
ing Office, coming there when it was
started. Galloway is a former mem
ber of the Civil Service Commission.
Talk of a purely “political" appoint
ment has been inevitable, but the
consensus is there would be too much
"poison” in a development of that
nature, particularly in a campaign
year. McCarl has built up a cer
tain standard in office, and there
seems no doubt the maintenance of
that standard will be the determining
factor when time comes for the new
appointment.
Missionaires Fight Leprosy.
Misisonartes wUl war on leprosy
amongst aborigines of Australia.
I *'"TTT~~I
Rivermen Hardy Breed
Flood Makes Clean Sweep of Dwellers
Along Potomac.
H. C. Henry and his dog Snooky, flood refutpees.
—Star Staff Photo.
_ —
BY WM. H. SHIPPEN.
HC. HENRY, like many an
other small householder.
still hoped the river hadn’t
• taken everything. He
searched through the mud yesterday
at the edge of the ebbing yellow flood.
His clothing was wet and he shiv
ered in the raw wind. Since daylight
he had been watching the water re
cede from the spot where his tiny
bungalow had stood on the District
shore, a quarter of a mile above Key
Bridge.
He knew the house was gone, for
he had watched the turbulent water
pluck it to bits and scatter it over
the broad, swiftly moving surface of
the Potomac. All Henry owned was in
the house.
But he still hoped the river might
have left something—the birth certi
ficate of his 4-year-old daughter, per
haps, or his life insurance policy. The
papers had been in a heavy box.
Hunts for Mother's Silver.
The man went on sifting the muck
at the edge of the river that still swept
by with compelling force.
Maybe he could find some of his
table silver—the silver his mother had
left him on her death.
Henry's wife and daughter, who
were living nearby in an automobile
trailer with friends who took them in,
and who let them sleep in the cots
while they sat up. were sure that
Henry could find at least a few pieces
of the silver.
The tableware had represented one
of the chief possessions of the Henrys.
The husband and father had been
unemployed until he obtained a P.
W. A. job in the District Playground
Department. Many of his belongings
had been disposed of to buy food and
pay rent.
But rents were cheap on the river
bank and cheaper still near the water's
edge. The low cost of the little bun
galow had encouraged the P. W. A.
worker to purchase a home. He began
his payments last September and this
month the house was more than half
•no i ri f nr
-Reluctant to Quit Home.
Henry and his family were reluc
tant to abandon their home. It
seemed secure at first and when they
realized the water was cutting them
off from shore they had no time to
take anything with them. After they
left, they could not find a boat to
return.
But all the river left Henry was
a battered alarm clock, a cheap flat
iron, an ax and a few odds and
ends which had scattered when the
house broke up.
"Last Winter," Henry said, “we
thought for a long time the ice w»as
going to carry our house away. A big
floe was thrown up almost on our
front porch. The Ice broke trees
and the porch steps and the railing
"And what the ice left, the river
took, I guess. My wife says she'll
never live by another river!”
Typical of Many Others.
The plight of the Henry family
was typical of that of numerous others
who had lived in small bungalows,
houseboats and "depression-beating”
shacks along the river from Key
Bridge to Chain Bridge. The flood
made almost a clean sweep of the
houseboats.
Scores of homes were either swept
away or almost totally destroyed.
Comparatively few of the families
forced to vacate sought aid of the
Red Cross or other agencies, river
dwellers said. They preferred to ac
cept the hospitality of friends and try
to rehabilitate themselves from their
own resources.
Just before the flood crest arrived,
observers at Chain Bridge saw one
eight or ten room cottage in one
piece go smashing under the span.
The chimney was still attached and
in its shelter clung two bedraggled
chickens.
The muddy banks yesterday were
littered with debris. Mixed through
a mass of timbers and brush were
doors and window frames, pieces of
furniture, clothing and household fur
nishings of all kinds.
Scattered groups of men and boys
roamed the littered banks salvaging
what they could find, or merely sat
isfying their curiosity. Just below
Chain Bridge one group came upon
a large piano which had been carried
down the old canal bed and tossed
onto the bank.
Dempsey's Hardest Hit.
Perhaps the hardest hit of the boat
houses above Key Bridge was Demp
sey’s. Here the flood tore out the
front of the storage room and toppled
the roof on scores of canoes and small
motor boats. At least 35 canoes were
swept away, and several times that
many were damaged.
In a boat repair yard half a mile
above Key Bridge the receding waters
left big cabin cruisers, runabouts and
sail boats piled one on top of the other
like so many jack straws.
The force of the water was sufficient
to rip out long sections of the stone
flooring on the old C. & O. Canal.
Many of the old locks were torn out or
stripped of their earthen approaches.
Salvage operations were in progress
yesterday up and down the river banks.
Householders were shoveling or sluic
ing 6 inches of muck out of living
rooms and kitchens, sportsmen were
reclaiming canoes and motor boats.
Rivermen are a hardy breed—they
have to be.
EXPERTS TO STUDY
ELEVATOR CODE
Committee to Begin Work
When Probe of Death
Is Completed.
District elevator regulations will be
studied by a committee of experts
when an investigation is completed in
the death of 13-year-old Harvey
Crowell in an automatic type of ele
vator in an apartment house at 7611
Georgia avenue.
This announcement was made yes
terday by Engineer Commissioner Dan
I. Sultan, who. declined to commit
himself on recommendations by Capt.
Hugh P. Oram, director of inspection,
that the elevator code be revised.
Col. Sultan said he planned to call
for expert study of the regulations to
determine if they are adequate and,
if not, what changes should be made.
John A. Dickinson, who represents
the Bureau of Standards on the Ele
vator Code Revision Committee, will
be one expert invited to work with
District officials.
There Is a dispute as to whether
the elevator in which the Crowell boy
was killed is a "full automatic” or the
so-called "semi-automatic” type and,
therefore, whether it was installed in
compliance with District elevator reg
ulations. Several of the elevator in
spectors reported it complied with reg
ulations, since they classed it as "semi
automatic.”
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