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Encyclicals Are Defense of Coughlin Radio Priest’s Bishop Revives Interest in Papal Declarations. »r DAVID LAWRENCE. HAT Bishop Gallagher erf Detroit said about Father Coughlin's speeches has a national importance be cause it will explain to many people why the eminent radio priest feels justified in carrying on a public cam paign for what he believes are sound principles of gov ernment. Bishop Gallag her, to be sure, did not condone Father Coughlin's intemperate language In ref erence to Presi dent Roosevelt, but the bishop made it clear that so far as ae could ■ee, the general speeches cf Fath er Coughlin were in line with the _ _ . teachings of Pope Uwrene* Pius XI and Pope Leo XIII. This word, given to reporters as Bishop Gallagher left for Rome over the week end, will revive Interest in the famous encyclical letter of Pope Pius XI, in which he brought up to date in 1935 the teachings of his pre decessor, Pope Leo XIII, first issued in 1891. That document is far from conser vative in its tone and far from a com mitment for any particular form of economic society. It expresses a good deal of sympathy with the efforts to attain social justice and examines va rious plans with a critical eye. Thus ruthless competition or the law of the survival of the flittest is con demned because it too often is carried on without dictate of conscience by the so-called individualistic school. Class Conflict Denounced. The declaration, however, shows the •fallacies of both communism and so cialism and endeavors to show how' they are both antagonistic to true Christianity. Most interesting is the denunciation of class warfare as in the following passage: “Now this is the primary duty of the state and of all good citizens to abolish conflict between classes with divergent interests and thus foster end promote harmony between the various ianks of society." The encyclical letter gives due rec ajnitioii to the aspiral.ons of labor and the right to form association* or “vocational group*” as a “natural and spontaneous development." While the sentiment against ruth less competition or, to use a phrase embodied in American law for many years—unfair competition—is recog nized, the cure is not to be found, according to the papal pronounce ment, in any form of state monopoly. Present-day Fascism, for instance, is viewed with considerable doubt in this comment: “We feel bound to add that to our knowledge there are some who fear that the state is substituting itself in the place of private initiative, instead of limiting iself to necessary end suf ficient help and assistance. It 1s feared that the new syndical and corporative institution possesses an excessively bureaucratic and political character, and that, notwithstanding the general advantages, it risks serving particular political aims rather than contribut ing to the initiation of a better social order.” Socialism Views. In paying its respects to socialism, the famous encyclical letter rays: “If, like all errors, Socialism con tains a certain element of truth (and this the sovereign pontiffs have never denied), it is, nevertheless, founded upon a doctrine of human society peculiarly its own, which is opposed to true Christianity. 'Religious So cialism’ and ‘Christian Socialism’ are expressions implying a contradiction In terms. No one can be at the same time a sincere Catholic and a true Socialist.” Th« question then arises to extent the New Deal is a truly Social istic experiment. In some parts of the same encyclical letter will be found a statement to the effect that "cer tain forms of property must be re served for the state, since they carry with them an opportunity for dom ination too great to be left to private individuals without injury to the com munity at large.” But further ex ploration of the same document will find that class warfare, which is so fundamental in New Deal philosophy, together with its emphasis of political bureaucracy, is looked upon as funda mentally wrong. The essence of the papal declara tion is that social justice and social charity come from enlightened ad ministration and nobility of indi vidual purpose. Bishop Gives Answer. It would appear that Bishop Gal lagher’s statement that a Catholic priest has a duty as a citizen to ex pound his views on current problems is the answer that is given to those who object to the prominent part in present-day affairs taken by Father Coughlin. Inasmuch as the radio priest is directly responsible to Bishop Gallagher in the Detroit Diocese, the comment by the bishop may be said to dispose of the matter of Father Coughlin’s proper relationship to his ehurch superiors. Now It happens, of course, that many members of the Catholic clergy are emphatically In disagreement with Father Coughlin, and wish he were not making himself so conspicuous In the political arena, but the clerical custom is that as long as the bishop of the local diocese approves, there can be no censure. It goes without saying that Father Coughlin’s speeches will undergo se vere scrutiny during the campaign, but it also may be remarked that a careful reading of the encyclical let ter will disclose that the document is broad enough to encompass the Na tional Union for Social Justice. The problem of whether it is wise to in troduce in American politics an issue involving the clergy Is entirely, of course, one of opinion wholly discon nected from the merits of Father Coughlin’s preachings. Inasmuch as Father Coughlin has come out against the re-election of President Roosevelt, it Is probable that during the campaign he will un fold his argument for believing that the New Deal In various pieces of legislation and acts has violated some of the basic principles of social jus tice. (Coprrisbt, 1936) Symptom of Disquiet Hitler’* Delay in Answering Eden Seen as Sparring for Time for Austrian Agreement. Paul Motion's daily column, usually printed in this position, will be discontinued for the next two weeks during Mr. Malian’s vacation. BY A. O. GARDINER, England's Oreatest Liberal Editor. LONDON, July 20—When Anthony Eden, the foreign secretary, reply ing to questions in the House of Commons, said that he proposed to make no further inquiry in Berlin as to when the answer to the British questionnaire of May 7 might be expected, he directed attention to one of the most disquieting symptoms of the European situa tion. The questionnaire related to the proposals of the German memoian dum of March 31 and was intended as a preliminary to clearing up certain aspects of the proposals which remained in doubt. Now that the Austro-Qerman agreement has been announced, the reason for the delay is apparent. Nevertheless, as the days passed into weeks and the weeks into months without a reply to this inquiry, the Impres sion that a deliberate discourtesy was in tended had, rightly or wrongly, become gen eral in the public mind. Various unofficial excuses were offered. The first was that the reply was delayed until the French elec tions were over. One of the latest, and the least convincing, was that it would not be made until the Olympic games are over. Eden's remark in the House of Commons leaves little doubt as to the view of the government on the subject. And the offensive behavior of Herr Greiser at Geneva lends color to that view. So, far from disclaiming responsiomiy jar or sympathy with that behavior, official Berlin has acclaimed it and the controlled press of Germany has sainted Greiser almost as if he were a hero from the battlefield. * * * * The effect of these incidents upon public opinion here is marked and deplorable. It may be said with confidence that the resentments of the war have long since vanished from the public mind of this country and that there has been a very noticeable movement of feeling away from Prance and toward Germany, or rather toward the policy, to which Prime Minister Baldwin has so unfalteringly committed himself, of bring ing about an accommodation between Prance and Germany with this country in the role of honest broker. There is little sympathy, of course, with the internal administration of Germany. Britain does not love dictatorships and there is strong feeling against the treatment of the Jews and the other oppressed classes in Germany. But this has not diminished the wish for a political under standing with that country, and the apparent desire shown by Hitler tip to quite recent times to cultivate friendly relations with this country has been one of the most encouraging features of an anxious situation. The naval agreement between the two countries, which had such a disturbing effect in Prance, was an indication of the improving temper of their rela tions; so, too, were the negotiations on the subject of a western air pact, a matter in regard to which the unanswered questionnaire largely related. But an ominous change has come over the landscape, to which the silence of Hitler on the subject of the questionnaire and the Greiser incident have lent emphasis. The question is being asked whether the overtures which Hitler made last year to this country were anything more than maneuvers for time, and whether the new attitude he appears to have adopted is not an indication that his purpose is achieved and that Germany can now afford to snub England and to extend her fingers at the League. * * * * It is undeniable that, if this reading of his change of front is true. there » mucn m tne events oi recent morins to account for it, if not to justify it. The Ethiopian fiasco h24 shattered the League and lessened the fears he liad in regard to that front. His conflict with Mussolini on the subject of Austria has been dissipated by events and there is abundant evidence that the two dictators are much nearer to gether than they have ever been. Prance presents the spectacle of a country rent with internal discords, and the "stay in” strike, with its sensational results, has re vealed an explosive condition in striking contrast with the dragooned and disciplined populace which Hitler rules with an iron hand. And England, to the external view at all events, seems much more concerned with whether the Baldwin government is going to survive and what government is likely to succeed it than with the mighty drama that is In the making across the channel. Aaou timer. zieir xiuicr cumiub lumpiam 11 iuo daiciivc and the action of his emissary at Geneva are construed in the light o| these facts and if his change of attitude is taken as an evidence that his peace proposals have never been anything more than a move In the game which he can now afTord to dispense with. (Copyright. 1A3R ) LABOR HOUR REGULATION HELD JOB FOR INDUSTRY Dr. Claudius C. Murchiaon Speaks to Conference of Southern Industrial Executives. By the Associated Press. BLUE RIDGE. N. C., July 20.—Dr. Claudius C. Murchison, head of the Cotton TextUe Institute, Inc., said ■ here yesterday regulation of hours of workers is a job for industry, rather than the lawmakers. Murchison spoke before the two day conference of Southern industrial executives, which ended tonight. The speaker asserted regulation of hours by the State Legislatures had been abused lately, and added: “It Is a good thing, however, and we should continue it, but by indus i try’s own efforts.” "Today people are noticing,” he continued, “that hour schedules have been improved and shortened. This is being noticed because industry has made so much progress, not because of State government regulations. They have been forgotten long since they were passed.’* Takinr the CIVIL SERVICE EXAM? We Deliver at McKinley Hish Tables* and Typewriters Both for •Regulation. individual, new tablet, not merely a place ct a bench! United Typewriter Co. Phone NA. 6063 For Reservation Pats on Backs Fail to Hold Radicals ’’Liar” Shout Shows Roosevelt Theory Is Faulty. BY MARK SULLIVAN. EVERY ONE must have been shocked when Father Cough lin, at the Townsend conven tion In Cleveland last week, applied the epithet, "Har,” to the President of the United States. The whole scene was disturbing—a clergy man literally throwing off his clerical coat and rabat and shouting oppr obrium at the living sym bol of the Gov ernment of the United States. Many, even those who most disap prove Mr. Roose velt, must have felt it would have been a tonic to the national mo rale had some one Instantly re buked the .peak- • Mlrk SuIli„n. er who shouted ''liar," “double-crosser” and betrayer” at the man who, because of his of fice, is the titular first citizen of the country. In the beginning Mr. Roosevelt took Father Coughlin Into his confidence. He encouraged the priest, deferred to him, accepted support from him. At the Democratic National Convention of 1932, which nominated Mr. Roose velt, Father Coughlin made a speech from the stage, in which he spoke of the then President, Mr. Hoover, In a manner not at all so violent as his recent reference to Mr. Roosevelt, yet with a lack of respect that was dis quieting enough. After Mr. Roose velt became President he had Father Coughlin at the White House and at Hyde Park. He sent confidential messengers to the priest secretly, ask ing him not to oppose certain meas ures. The President's attitude toward Father Coughlin was one of patting him on the shoulder, implying, in ef fect, “Don't be impatient, just wait a while, give me a little time.” Told Him What to Do. Father Coughlin, after a visit to the White House, said privately to important persons in Washington that—I quote from memory what de pendable persons have reported the priest as saying—“I visited Mr. Roose velt, I accepted his cigarettes, but I v alked up and down his carpet and l pointed mr linger at him and I told him what he must do." That, as suming this incident happened In the way It has been retold In Washington gossip, was the time Mr. Roosevelt ought to have remembered his per sonal dignity and the dignity of the office he holds. Had he rebuked Father Coughlin then, he might have averted the public insult that Father Coughlin put upon him last week. We could condone Mr. Roosevelt If we could feel that his toleration of Father Coughlin were like Lincoln’s toleration of McClellan, of whom Lin coln said he would endure any de traction in the Interest of winning the war. Possibly some may condone Mr. Roosevelt upon a theory with which some of his friends have all along justified his relation, at various times, to Father Coughlin, Huey Long, Upton Sinclair and others violent or radical. The theory is that Mr. Roosevelt fraternizes with the rad icals fn the Interest of preventing them from going too far; that he keeps elbow-touch with them, "klaces them along," until the country shall have recovered sufficiently to make them less a danger. ' System Doesn’t Work. One trouble with that theory k that if It existed It has not worked— Mr. Roosevelt has lost touch with the more violent radicals. They are now attacking him with the vehemence illustrated by last week’s Incident. The second defect in that theory Is that it does not exist. Mr. Roosevelt Is not a conservative, trying to pla cate the radicals and hold them In line for practicable compromise. The evidence Is strong that Mr. Roosevelt is himself far on the radical side. His “punitive and terroristic attacks”—I quote a phrase of Walter Llppmann —on one class cf the community come from a deeply held animus. His own incitements to class anger differ from those of Huey Long only as Harvard words differ from those of the Louisi ana cane brakes. Of Mr. Roosevelt’s address to Con gress January 7, this year. Ills own former aide, Gen. Hugh Johnson, said it “was a rabble-rouser. .. deliberate appeal to passion ... the Joy of every advocate of class hatred here and In Russia ... it makes him chief of the factions of discontent.” As ‘ he who takes the sword shall perish by the sword,” so will he who hurls stones get back rocks. When Father Coughlin said “liar,” that was merely a more compactly eplthetlc form of the same word which, as a verb Instead of a noun, Mr. Roosevelt himself used on May 14, 1935, when, In an address to a delegation of A. A. A. supporters, he declared from the White House veranda; “As you know, a great many of the high and mighty—with special axes to grind, have been deliberately tivirg to mislead the people who know noth ing of farming by misrepresenting— no, why use a pussyfoot word—by lying about the kind of farm program which this Nation Is operating to day.” Boosts of Shifting. It is a fact that Mr. Roosevelt, through some twist of his tempera ment or his thinking, rather fre quently conveys impressions to vhich his subsequent actions do not ten form. That partly accounts for the resentment felt by radicals who first embrace Mr. Roosevelt and ‘ater cry out bitterly agalr.it him. It accounts also for dismay felt by some, who still remain close to the President and still work with him In spite of doubt felt by them about what they de scribe as Mr. Roosevelt's—this Is an engaging euphemism—“lack of con tinuity of Intention.” That Mr. Roosevelt lacks continuity of intention is not denied by himself; on the contrary, he takes it to himself as a virtue. His urbane description of this trait is that he Is the quarterback of a foot ball team who changes the play from moment to moment; or. as he said In his Baltimore speech, “Do something, and when you nave done that £oaieth.ns, if it woriu, do u scme more; and If It does not wor^, do something else.” That strategy. In some circum stances, may have value. But It some times becomes “brutal opportunism.” And we can hardly be surprised if this trait leads some of the President’s temporary allies to feel the alliance was ended without due notice to the second party thereof. (Coprriebt, 1936.) Han 84 Win* Bride. A woman of 80 in Auckland, New Zealand, advertised for a- “life mate” and will marry a man of *4 who re plied. ———^—————— Senatorial Battleground Four Candidates Seek Democratic Nomination in Wyoming—Farley’s Words Recalled. BT B. E. EVANS, Special Correspondent of The Star. CASPER, Wyo., July 20.—Political speculation continues to dominate Wyoming following the formal entrance of John D. Clark of Cheyenne into the Democratic contest for the seat of United States Senator Robert D. Carey, Republican. His declaration, made in a well-publicized radio broadcast from Casper, confirmed pre dictions of a live-way race for the Democratic nomination—a develop ment viewed with mixed feelings by some party members, and with open satisfaction by Republicans looking for signs of factional jealousies in the enemy eamp. One effect of the Clark announcement is the prospect that the wider split in the party vote may encourage J. F. Kirkland of Buffalo, a Townsend Club leader, to enter the derby. His appear ance before a recent Townsend rally in Nebraska as a "candidate for Senator in Wyoming" was taken to indicate that if he did not file in the primary he would run as an independent later. Otherwise Democratic groups are well represented by the five candi dates. Dr. Clark, formerly an oil executive, now professor of economy at Nebraska University, and H. H. Schwartz of Casper, Democratic na tional committeeman who was de feated by Carey two years ago, enjoy the support of the more con servative forces. Organisation aid has been understood to be behind Schwarts, together with prominent labor support, while Clark on several occasions has assailed the economic policies of the Ntw Deal, especially in addresses before the live stock in terests. The other three candidates—J. Kirk Baldwin, State treasurer; Charles Trenary of Torrington, State Senator, and Antonio Radalj of Rock Springs, United Mine Workers’ official—are openly bidding for the more liberal vow. * * * * Thus Wyoming, despite its small presidential electoral vote, will be one of the principal battlegrounds of the senatorial elections. The cost of conducting a campaign here Is relatively small in comparison with the more populous States, and major parties may be expected to capi talize on the situation. Senator Carey is one of the few surviving Republican Sen ators of the West, and his party here is moving to meet the challenge of James A. Farley, who declared on a visit to the State last year, “We’ll get Carey next time" Senator Carey has returned to his home ranch at Careyhurst for an extended rest, and is understood to have no plans for an intensive primary campaign. His friends profess no anxiety over the opposition to his renomirtfction offered by A. F. BruDaker of Glenrock, a Townsend indorsed candidate, or that presented by the younger E. L. Brubaker to the nomination of State Senator Frank A. Barrett of Lusk for Rep resentative in Congress. * * * * Senator Carey called on Gov. Landon in Estes Park before the latter returned to Topeka, and brought back reassuring opinions of the presidential nominee’s attitude toward Western problems and de velopment, admittedly an important issue of the national campaign in Wyoming. Landon’i position will be acceptable to the people of this State, the Senator said. Otherwise the Senator’s only public pronouncements have been directed to Washington in urging loans to stockmen in the drought emergency, out of funds appropriated for the purpose, to enable them to move their live stock to available feed. He discounted shipping in feed, as too expensive. The new tax law. he added in one statement, will impose an additional burden on stockmen because their interests ere largely ivcorporaied tn companies. Paul B. G reaver, Democrat, Wyoming's lone Representative in Con gress, ha* no opposition in tne primary, and will not have to conduct a campaign, but he has launched a survey of water conservation needs that will permit him to make contacts In all sections of the State. The national campaign in Wyoming is marking time except for organi zation activities devoted largely to elub work. Public demonstrations as yet indicate no definite trend. Rev. Mr. Smith Versatile in Politics. Speaks Voice of the Bayous When He Isn’t Being Erudite. BV LEMUEL F. PARTON. PROMINENT clerics mixing in potently in national politics is a quite unusual phenomenon in America—this with a hasty qualification as to sumptuary legisla tion. In this field they have been active and powerful, from Henry Ward Beecher on down. Including Billy Sunday, Dr. Parkhurst and Bishop Cannon. The Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith and Father Coughlin, stealing the show from the Town sendites at Cleve land, are among the few to sluice evangelistic fer vor into the field of practical pol itics or millennial economics. The late Father Yorke of Ban Francisco, ferocious battler for labor when the unions had the town, 30 years ago, Is a localized instance, as were Mf> the few small time Methodist and Baptist parsons of Kansas and Colorado who rolled up apocalyptic thunders behind old "Blood to the Bridle Reins” Waite, Governor of Colorado in the Populist days. Individuals and issues were quite comparable to thoee of today. But on a national scale, this is the first transmutation of religious zeal into the purely secular wallop, hay maker or short-arm jab. The big, handsome, bucko Mr. Smith, red-blooded apostrophe of he I man religion, is the arch type of cler ical careerist whom, no doubt, Sin clair Lewis would enjoy depicting. H* says he has In hand Huey Long's share-our-wealth clubs and. whether he is in error or not, he Is the Voice of the Bayous. He can talk swamp talk, and does on occasion, and he can deal quite elegant and erudite discourse when he wants to, as he frequently did as pastor of the most ! fashionable church of Shreveport. Bilingual politicians frequently travel far. Stringing along with the Kingflsh, he left his pastorate and Joined Sen ator Long's organization as a poorly ! oa'd organizer, wearing an old brown ,-uit which the Senator had given him. 11 fitted him nicely—denoting here his foot ball physique—as did the Sen ator’s ideas. As to the long mantle, some of the powerful New Orleans politicians had other ideas, and Mr. Smith began taking in more territory, seeking a wider range for his talents. 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