Evening star. [volume], February 28, 1937, Image 11

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
W. P. A. JOB SURVEY
Hopkins Says First Report
Will Be Reatfy in Two
Months.
The first report on the findings of
the W. P. A.'s comprehensive study
of the effects of changing industrial
technology on the volume of employ
ment and unemployment will be made
public within the next two months,
Administrator Harry L,. Hopkins an
nounced yesterday.
A progress report. Hopkins said,
•hows that in the last 14 months the
project, a W. P. A. research effort,
has surveyed 650 manufacturing plants,
more than a dozen industries, and
touching every State in the Union.
An unusual feature of the project
Is that investigators are going into
the industrial centers to obtain first
hand case histories of workers and
former workers.
Year’s Work Summarized.
Hopkins' announcement was ac
companied by a 42-page report sum
marizing the first year’s work of the
project, which is being directed by
David Weintraub.
Because the study delves so com
prehensively Into the causes and ef
fects of the mechanization of indus
try. its findings are expected to be
come a focal point in discussions of
what the Government's plans must be
With relation to the unemployed.
"There Is no question.” Mr.. Hop
kins said, "that changing industrial
methods have an important 7ect on
both the volume of producti and
the volume of employment. This
project is going into the question
from dozens of angles. It is measur
ing the amount of work a man does
under modern methods 1 compar
ing it with what he did in previous
years. It is studying changes in kind*
of machinery, raw materials, hours of
vork, occupations and ages of work
ers atid the relation between actual
output of plants and their full pro
duction capacity.
Problem Is Complex.
"This problem is infinitely complex.
The project is attempting to present
• tremendous fund of information
which can be used as the basis for in
telligent conclusions by Congress and
by numerous Federal agencies which
are attempting to solve various phases
of this riddle. • * •
‘ Not only Congress but many Gov
ernment agencies. Including the De
partments of Agriculture, Commerce.
Interior and Labor, the Social Se
curity Board and ourselves have great
need of such Information.
"Here are only a few of the ques
tions which need answering: At what
age is a man useless to modern in
dustry? What can be done about
stranded populations in areas from
which industry has moved away? In
what degree ran changed in occupa
tion result in jobs for the jobless,
where is this possible and to what ex
tent?
"It is our hope that the findings of
this project will be helpful, not only
to public agencies but to the man
agements of the industries surveyed
and to students of the country's eco
nomic problems.”
(Copyright, 1937, by Now York Hortld
Tribune.)
Judiciary
J
fContinued From rirgt Page )
be corrected by appointing new
Justices."
N’ew Dealers Pleased.
The administration forces were
Jubilant over the Wisconsin Governor's
attack on opponents of the court en
largement plan. The youthful leader
of the Wisconsin Progressives, as the
administration views it, still retains
a hold on the Farmer-Labor groups
In the Middle West who followed his
father, the late Senator Robert M.
La Follette. His espousal of the Presi
dent's court plan, administration lead
ers professed to believe, would go a
long way toward offsetting the defec
tion of Senator Burton K. Wheeler
of Montana and would tend to keep
in line Senators Lynn J. Frazier and
Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota, Sena
tor Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota
end William j. Bulow of South
Dakota.
Senators Nye and Frazier have come
out against the court enlargement
plan and opponents have been count
ing on Senators Shipstead and Bulow,
thus far uncommitted, to join their
side. Senator Shipstead. however, is
ill and probably will not be able to
attend to his duties in the Senate for
from six to eight weeks.
While the uproar about the court
continued, the Supreme Court justices
prepared for their first decision day
tomorrow. They have under consider
ation rulings in two cases Involving
the constitutionality of the Wagner
labor relations act and of a Wash
ington State law imposing minimum
wage standards. Also they have for
consideration a request for a rehear
ing of the New York unemployment
act, on which the court split four to
four early in the present session.
The opponents of the Supreme
Court bill said that within the next
few days other Senators would leave
the non-committed group and declare
their opposition to the measure. They
insisted that if the bill is brought into
the Senate in its present form, as it
relates to the Supreme Court, they
would be able to muster a majority
8gainst it. So far as any compromise
Is concerned, particularly if it pro
poses to add additional Justices to the
court, they expressed confidence also
they would be able to defeat it, even
if they are compelled to go to a fili
buster. They much prefer to win the
fight, however, on a straight-out vote.
Proposal Held "Legal.’*
Senator-elect Smathers, In hi* state
ment. said:
"The President’s proposal to reform
the Federal judiciary, to pump new
blood—youth—into the personnel of
the Supreme Court, has my whole
hearted support,” He insisted that
the President's proposal is "legal and
constitutional.”
"The only cry we hear,” he contin
ued, "is that the President’s motives
are improper. During the last four
years every piece of progressive,
humanitarian legislation proposed by
the President and enacted into law
for the benefit of the masses has been
assailed by the same crowd with the
same cry that the President’s motives
were not what they should be. I will
take my seat in the United States
Senate in time to support the Presi
dent’s Federal judiciary reform pro
posal to the limit of my energy and
ability.
"I ran on the same ticket with
President Roosevelt, with campaign
pledges to support the liberal and
progressive policies of the President,
to represent the people' and not ’the
a
Children Cheer Cuba’s “Strong Man”
Col. Fulgencio Batista, one-time Cuban army sergeant, receives the applause of school
children who made the trip from rural sections to Havana to thank him for the plan to give
underprivileged children primary educations. The Cuban “strong man” engineered a coup d'etat
while he was a non-commissioned officer in the army. —A. P. Photo.
interests' in the Senate. Without a
liberal and progressive interpretation
of these policies, the American elec
torate will have been deceived.”
Smathers said most of the thousands
of letters coming to him "from those
who hold the stock of the vested cor
porate interest. denouncing and
maligning the President” lead him to
believe that the proposal is in the
interests of the people. Those who
make the most noise, he said, against
retiring Supreme Court Justices at !
70 would not think of hiring a man i
over 40 years of age In the entire !
set-up of their industries.
‘‘When the average man reaches the
age of 70, "Smathers continued.” he
moves, lives, acts and conceives In the
past. He is happy and at his best in
j talking of yesterdays. With all due
1 respect to the Supreme Court and the .
integrity of Its members, I believe that'
the infusion of some new members J
possessing youth, men who have been
able to chajige with the changing
times, men who possess the faculty
of thinking and acting in terms of to
day and tomorrow , men who are con
scious of the social and economic evils
and whirlpools of today, men who have !
seen the horrors of the coal pits, the
, sweat shops, the slums, the sweltering
dust storm fields and the flooded val
leys, will not only benefit the court by
giving It ft proper balance, but will save
the country from social and economic
disaster.'’
Tlie New Jersey Senator-elect said
the country has come to believe in a
more human theory of Government;
that it now recognizes "that a man’s
job is a property right." He concluded
with a declaration that thd Nation
will be best served by adding new and
younger members of the Supreme
Court.
Senator Donahev. in his first pro
nouncement on the court issue, said:
"This controversy vitally affects the
judiciary, a co-ordinate branch of the
Government, and should be referred
to the people—the source of all polit
ical power."
Reports that President Roosevelt was
contemplating a swing around the
country to speak In support of his
court bill, and to stir up the people,
were discounted yesterday at the White
House. The President, it was said, has
no such present intention.
Any blanketing of the President's
"fireside" talk with the people via the
radio on the night of March 9 by the
publicity given the Senate Judiciary
Committee hearings on that day or
vice versa has been prevented by the j
change of date for the opening of the :
Senate hearings. They will begin on j
March 10. instead of on March 9. as
originally proposed by the committee.
The explanation given by Senator
Ashurst, chairman of the committee,
for the change in date is that it was
impossible io obtain the big marble
caucus room in the Senate Office
Building, where the hearings are to be
hi Id on March 9. but that It was pos
sible to get the room on the following
day.
The President has not revealed the j
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subjects of his coming address, but
It is expected he will deal with the
court bill.
Senator Ashurst said yesterday that
a large nu'iber of requests have been
received from persons who wish to be
heard on the/ court bill, He said that
he was entirely willing to give those
who uked a chance to be heard as
long as they were “coherent" and the
testimony they gave was “cumulative.”
He suggested that an hour and a
half a day would be sufficient time for
the hearings. The first witnesses he
said probably would be Attorney Gen
eral Cummings and Assistant Attorney
General Robert H. Jackson, both of
whom will speak in support of the
President’s bill.
Favors Hearing All.
Senator Van Nuys of Indiana, op
posing the bill and a member of the
committee, said he was in favor hear
ing all those who wished to come be
fore the committee to talk on it. He
added that he thought the committee
would find It necessary to sit more
than an hour and a half a day. He
will demand that opponents of the bill
be given opportunity to speak on the
same day that supporters o» the meas
ure are heard by the committee. It
Is expected that the opposition to the
bill will arrange a slate of witnesses
who wish to be heard against the
measure. This work probably will be
taken over by Senator Van Nuys and
Senator Burke of Nebraska.
The bill authorizing the voluntary
retirement on full pay of justices of
the Supreme Court who have reached
70 years of age and have had 10
years' service on the Federal bench,
which as passed both houses of Con
gress, will be sent to the President
for his approval tomorrow. It is ex
pected he will sign the bill, for in
his message on the judiciary to Con
gress he said he favored giving the
justices this retirement right.
Whether any of the six Justices
who have passed 70 years of age will
avail themselves of the retirement
privilege at this time Is not definitely
known. They are Chief Justice
Hughes, 74; Associate Justices Bran
dels, 80; Van Devanter, 77; McRey
nolds, 75; Sutherland, 74, and Butler,
70. Senator Ashurst said yesterday
he had no Intimation what their
course would be.
“Ever since I have been chairman
of the Judiciary Committee,” said
Ashurst, “the only topics I have dis
cussed with justices of the Supreme
Court are the weather and art. I
have never heard of any Justices who
contemplate retiring.”
Senator Pope in his radio address
insisted that • historically, there is no
doubt that the makers of the Consti
tution never Intended to give to the
Supreme Court power to declare an
act ol Congress unconstitutional. The
constitutional convention on June 5
and 6, July 21 and August 15, rejected
proposals of James Madison and
James WiLson to give the Judiciary the
right to pass on the constitutionality
of acts of Congress. Never did they
receive the votes of more than three
States.”
When Chief Justice Marshall de
clared the right of the Supreme Court
to pass upon the constitutionality of
law in the case of Marbury vs. Madi
son, Senator Pope said, there was im
mediate protest from Thomas Jeffer
son, who declared it an attempt to
“force upon the Nation a dangerous
doctrine, one which would place us
under the despotism of an oligarchy.”
Pope said that during the first 75
years under the Constitution, only two
laws were declared invalid, during the
next 60 years, up to 1924, 53 acts ;
[ were declared unconstitutional, and in J
the last 12 years. 23 acts "were stricken
I
down, 12 of which have occurred in
the last two years."
“Before Jefferson was elected,” Pope
continued, “Adams packed the court
with Federalist Judges. Jefferson tried
to unpack it. Before Lincoln was
elected slavery Democrats packed the
court and Lincoln protested. Before
Roosevelt was elected. Harding, Cool
ldge and Hoover packed the court with
Judges, the majority of whom are set
upon destroying New Deal legislation.
Roosevelt Is trying to prevent that de
struction.
“What are those who desire to Im
prove the conditions of the farmer and
the laborer to do? Are they to cease
their efforts or shall they try to find
some way to preserve the recovery pro
gram? After four years, during which
social legislation has fallen like domi
noes under the judicial touch, the last
resort seems to be the President’s ef
fort to unpack the Supreme Court, to
replace some of its disciples of reac
tionary economics with liberal-minded
Judges just as the people have re
placed reactionaries In the legislative
and executive branches.”
WOMEN WILL DEBATE
NEW ECONOMIC ORDER
Three Matched With Men for
Diicussion Wednesday of Their
Place in Change.
A Senator, a Representative and a
newspaper man will match wits
Wednesday with a panel of three
women from the local National Asso
ciation of University Women on the
question. “Under the New Economic
Order. Where Do Women Get Off or
Get On?’’ at the National Association
of University Women Club, 1834 I
street, at 7 p.m
The men will be Senator Joseph
O'Mahoney of Wyoming, Representa
tive Emanuel Celler of New York and
Raymond Clapper. The women par
ticipating will be Miss Annette Young
man of the Washington "Poet,. Mrs.
Robert Oleson. formerly on the faculty
at Cincinnati University, and Miss
Marie L. Obenauer, joint chairman
of the Board of Governors ottfreHome
Owners' Protective Enterprise':-'
Discussion, which will be informal,
will be directed by Miss Obenauer.
' *“ ’
School Dance Tonight.
A dance, sponsored by the Mont
gomery County Inter-High School As
sociation. will be held in the Gaithers
burg School tonight.
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