Operation of New Fleet Pro
posed by Roosevelt Held
Question of Moment.
By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 11.—New York
(hipping men .today saw in President
Roosevelt's proposal for a new Ameri
can merchant marine the expression
of what they considered a vital need
In the country's trade relationships.
The concensus was, however, that the
matter of operation after the new fleet I
Is built is just as important as the
construction itself.
Builders and operators agreed the
direct subsidy to be granted, now that
the indirect mail subsidy has been
abandoned, must be sufficient to make
up the differential between the high
cost of operations under our flag and
the lower operating cost of foreign
Ihipplng.
Figures Show Need of Fleet.
Vivid figures were presented to show
the necessity from a trade and national
defense point, of view of creation of a
brand-new United States fleet.
Here are some of them:
1. American bottoms carry only 7
per cent of world tonnage in interna
tional trade, although our share of ;
that trade is 14 per cent.
2. Less than 35 per cent of our own
foreign commerce is confided to our
own ships. Japanese vessels haul 76
per cent, of Nippon’s waterborne
freight, while 61 per cent of British
business goes to British bottoms.
3. The United States is second in
World tonnage, fifth in speed of ships
• nd eighth in ranking of modern ships
In operation.
4. This country has only 488 ves
sels. of approximately 3.200.000 tons.
In the international trade, compared
With 2.318, aggregating 14.119.000
♦ons for Great Britain. 608 of 3,100,
000 tons for Japan and 475 of 2,832,- 1
000 for Germany.
Operating Costs High.
Shipping men asserted American
tnerchant vessels would be carrying
a far larger share of world shipping
were it not for high operating costs.
In the first place, they said, the
higher wages paid seagoing personnel
and the requirement that sailors serve
only one shift a day at sea, necessitat
ing larger crews, makes it difficult to
rompete with Japan, Britain and the
Scandinavian countries, all of which
have a large share of our commerce.
The costs of shore staffs are larger,
they asserted, and United States navi
gation laws have placed other burdens
of expense on American vessels that
are not borne by foreign ships.
Inasmuch as labor costs in the pro
duction of materials and fabrication
represent about 80 per cent of the
total cost of a ship, the higher wage
•cales paid here make shipbuilding in
this country considerably more expen
give than abroad. The differential in
east between British and American
J'ards sometimes runs as high as 50
per rent, one builder said.
This reflects itself in higher insur- :
ance rates, charges for interest and de
preciation and other items affecting
the cost of operation. The National
Council of American Shipbuilders esti- '
mated that from 60 to 80 per cent of
the total operating differential was due
to the higher cost of the ship itself. j
The President's proposal, presented ;
In a special message to Congress, en
visages a five-year cargo ship pro
gram to cost eventually about *450,
000.000 and involving the construction
of 95 modem vessels. The funds would
be made available to the Maritime
Commission for subsidies to cover the j
differential between costs of construe- I
tion here and abroad.
NAZI PAPER IRONIC
AT POPE’S COMMENT
I
Bays “Iron Broom'’ of Reich Prob
ably More Effective Than
Papal Tears.
Ft th* Associated Press.
BERLIN, June 11.—Pope Pius’ talk
to German pilgrims lamenting the
conditions for Catholicism in Germany
drew ironic comment yesterday from
Chancellor Adolf Hitler's mouthpiece
Voelkischer Beobachter.
The newspaper said:
It hardly is likely papal tears will
move evildoers clad in the habit of
religious orders. An iron broom Is
a better method. (This apparently
referred to trials of Catholics on
charges of immorality.)
“If the Pope wept at the pilgrims’
tales of woe we may comfort him
with the assurance that in Germany
every Catholic may follow religious
rites unhindered and churches are
free to preach doctrines, but if cer
tain Catholics or churches presume
to exercise functions which are state
prerogatives they must expect rebuke.
“Such rebuke, however, does not
constitute a menace to Catholicism,
but only to those incorrigible Centrist
agitators and offenders against morals
who do not deserve the holv father's
tears."
'The pontiff, speaking Wednesday
to Bavarian pilgrims, said conditions
In Germany were “so grave, menacing
and dolorous" for Catholicism "that
they induce one to weep.”)
' -——• ---
QUEZON IN BALTIMORE
President Manuel L. Quezon of the
Philippines, on an official visit to the
United States in connection with
forthcoming independence of the is
land commonwealth, was In Balti
more today for a throat examination
by Johns Hopkins Hospital specialists.
The ailment, for which Quezon had
been treated in New York before re
turning to Washington Monday, was
not believed by his associates to be
serious enough to require confinement
to the hospital,
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