Evening star. [volume], April 20, 1938, Page A-11, Image 11

About Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972

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• I**_____OTBMBW
Aid to Peace
Seen in Move
by President
Views on Anglo-Roman
Pact Held Warning
To Europeans. j
By DAVID LAWRENCE.
FOR a President of the United
States, or a Secretary of State
for that matter, to comment
on a question which ordinarily
Would be considered "strictly Euro
pean” is so unusual that its signifi
cance is bound to be discussed from
one end of the
diplomatic world
to the other.
» While the state
ment issued by
Mr. Roosevelt in
the last 24 hours
says the United
States "does not
attempt to pass
upon the political
features of ac
cords such as
that recently
• reached between
Great Britain and
Italy." European
governments will
David Lawrence.
not fail to regard ihe very issuance of
the pronouncement from the White
House as a sort of roundabout ap
proval of something which could not
for domestic political reasons here be
approved directly.
Why should America at this junc
ture issue any statement on the Brit
lsh-Italian ‘agreement? Why should
precedents of the past be broken? The
• chances are that American policy at
the moment looks more to the preser
vation of peace in the world than the
maintenance of any strict conformity
to academic precedent.
Looked at objectively, the Presi
dent's statement really means that
the United States in so far as it may
venture to express any ooinion at all
ranges itself alongside Great Britain
and says, in effect, to Italy that this
country has a sympathetic interest in
the efforts being made by Prime Min
ister Chamberlain to keep the peace
in Europe.
From another viewpoint, the Presi
dent's dcclnra'ion may also be taken
to mean that the United States' is
sympathetic with any effort that may
, be made to i-olate the chief trouble
maker in Europe, namely. Dictator
Hitler. His seizure of Austria has
changed an otherwise passive attitude
here. A realistic school of thought
here is of the opinion that anything
which may legitimately be done, even
if inconsistent with pa t precedents,
to keep Italy on the side of Great
, Britain and France is calculated to
■delay Hitler in taking the initiati\e
toward a general European war.
Delicacy of Approach.
There ran be no doubt that the
making of a public statement com
menting on the Anglo-Italian agree
ment was fraught with considerable
delicary of approach. After all Ameri
can public opinion could hardly be
said to approve the seizure of Ethiopia
or the abandonment of democratic ;
principles in Italy itself. But expe- j
diency is often the basis of govern
mental policy in tangled world situa
tions and just now the most impor
tant thing to the United States is to i
do everything it ran with its moral
influence to prevent the outbreak of
war. Certainly the growth of world
trade so sorely needed by the United
States would not be served by a Euro
pean war.
Even though, therefore, the Presi
dent's statement would seem to be
open to the inference that the United
States condones the Italian invasion
of Ethiopia, it is far more important
( that Italy be awakened to the alert
ness of Ameriea's interest in what she
may be planning with respect to the
peace of Europe. In the last war. Italy
threw her fortunes on the side of the
allies even though when war broke
out in 1914 she had a definite alliance
with Germany and Austria which had
been counted upon by the Berlin au- j
thorities to be of avail to them when ;
war came.
Today it looks very’ much as if Great
Britain and France are strongly woo
ing Italy again, and this time the
United States gets into the picture
early to give Rome a hint that maybe
America would be better pleased if
Italy stuck to her former allies.
Isolationists’ Viewpoint.
The so-called isolationists in America
Will probably attack the President's
statement as a meddling in strictly
European affairs whereas the inter- 1
national co-operationists will be glad
that Mr. Roosevelt has ventured, even
though in rather implicit terms, to
say something on behalf of America
at a critical mompnt in the evolution
of European diplomatic policies. Some
times these little statements with their 1
vague phrases mean little to public
opinion on this side of the Atlantic,
but they are examined with extraordi
nary interest by foreign newspapers
and foreign peoples.
There is incidentally in the Presi
dent's statement confirmation of the
points recently made by Ambassador
Joseph Kennedy at London when he
said that America had by no means
decided on a, do-nothing policy irre
spective of future contingencies, and
* that if the world was relying on inac
tion it was mistaken. On the other
hand, Mr. Kennedy stated that the
r United States reserved the right to
judge each situation as it arises and
form a policy in the light of actual
rather than theoretical circumstances.
The President's statement gives
strength to the American Ambassa
dor's speech, for Mr. Roosevelt says
almost in so many words that America
will even break a precedent and give
an intimation as to her sympathies in
a particular situation if by so doing
maintenance of the peace of Europe
may be considerably aided.
Mr. Roosevelt’s statement is indeed
unprecedented, but it is a ten-strike
for peace and, therefore, deserves the
widest kind of approval.
(Copyright, 1938.)
Eitablithtd 1895
IOUIS ABRAHAMS
OANS ON JEWELRY
a 3208 R. L At*. N.E.
■ Cosh for Your Old Gold
__711 G 81. N.W_
SCHEDULE CHANGE
4 Effective Sunday. April Zt. 183S. train
No. 38 will leave Washington at lt):35
P.M Instead of 10:45 P.M. for Greens
boro. Durham. Winston Salem. Char
lotte and Atlanta
SouthernRailway System
. i
The Capital Parade
Spending Program Cheers Left-Wing Advisers.
Monopoly Drive Due to Be Vigorous.
By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER.
THE best comments on the inner significance of the President’s re
version to spending are the smiles on the faces of the left-wing
White House advisers who are interested in a vigorous anti
monopoly program. Prom the baric rooms of the administration,
where the forthcoming anti-monopoly message is being drafted, word comes
that it will be far more vigorous than had been expected during the Presi
dent's do-nothing winter months.
Strong Rooseveltlan language in place of ‘‘it might be well" and "I
would suggest;" a clarion call for an aggressive congressional investigation
patterned on the famous Pujo money-trust, inquiry—something almost like
an echo of the half-forgotten Jnckson-Ickes "sixty families'' speeches—
these look like good bets now. The emphasis, it is said, will be on "free
competition," but competition mRde free by the destruction of the large
monopolists. There may even be a request for some minor anti-trust legis
lation, particularly revision of the existing laws, at the present session of
Congress.
The confidence of the left
wingers who are interested in anti
monopoly action is typical of the
new confidence inspired in all the
more daring New Dealers by the
President's spending move of last
week. After a winter spent in
Coventry, their spirits had drooped
to the weeping willow point. Now',
although as usual they want the
President to go much farther than
he has. they feel they are begin
ning to get somewhere.
A A
s
n
a
UUim
A selection of the spending schemes rejected by the President in
favor of P. W A.-W. P. A. pump-priming was presented in this space yes
terday. A long struggle raged at the White House before the final choice,
and the line-up of the struggle further illuminates the step that was taken
in the end.
The captains of the spenders were Secretary of Agriculture
Henry A. Wallace, Chairman Marriner S. Eccles of the Federal Re
serve Board, and Chairman William O. Douglas of the Securities and
Exchange Commission. Dr. Mordecai Ezckial, Agriculture Depart
ment economist, and his secretary, Paul Appleby, were the Wallace
armor-bearers. Dr. E. A. Goldenwiser and Lauchlin Currie, econ*
omists to the Federal Reserve Board, served under Mr. Eccles. And
his fellow commissioners, Jerome Frank and John W. Hanes, sup
ported Mr. Douglas.
Backing up this formidable array of high officials and Influential
idea men was Works Progress Administrator Harry L. Hopkins, with his •
economist, Leon Henderson. It is probable that Mr Hopkins did the
original spade work with the President, but, In the mordent of Intense
tug-of-war, he contented himself with urging the case of straight relief
spending.
And opposed to all these eminent and powerful officials were only two
men. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr., and Chairman Jesse
H. Jones of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. The “Tory Twins.”
as the left-wingers unkindly call them, fought to the last ditch to avert
the leftward spending move. Bu<. alter their winter of predominance,
the last, soggy, hideous collapse of the stock market left them battling in
a quagmire.
From the point of view of palace politics, the large role played by
Secretary Wallace in nil the arguments and negotiations is unusually inter
esting. Although the President has always consulted his Secretary of Agri
culture. he has tended to lake his advice chiefly on farm problems. Now
Mr. Wallace has quite definitely moved into a larger field.
Indeed, those familiar with the doings in the palace corridors
are prepared to offer even money that a period of conspicuous Wallace
influence on all sorts of problems has just set in. The development
is of some consequence, since the Wallace thinking is very different
from the thinking of such conservatives as Mr. Jones, and departs
on a number of Issues from the thinking of other leading left-wing
New Dealers.
* * * *
Leaving the palace politics behind the President's spending move,
the nature of the move itself is extremely significant In the first day
"THESOWEB"
W-+,p‘
^.e
or so after the spending program's
promulgation, the left-wingers were
far from brine as cheerful as they
are now. The President had re
fused to do what they wanted,
preferring to spend in his own, less
novel way.
The lack of novelty in
the President’s chosen spend
ing method is the most strik
ing feature of it. P. W. A,
the Youth Administration,
the R F. C., the Farm Security Administration. W. P. A. and the
C C. C.—these are the spouts through which the President has chosen
to spray the Nation with dollars. And they are ail spouts previ
ously approved by Congress.
This and the mild, conciliatory language in which the spending pro
gram was presented both mean that the President has learned a new ap
proach Until recently, ho seemed to know no alternative between inaction
and «ction of the most violent sort. With the spending program, he has
acted positively, if slightly rcpetitiously. And he has acted without any
great preliminary bellowing or brandishing of battle. But the liberals are
happy, because he has again become "their man."
(Copyright, nine, by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
MARITIME MEDIATION
BOARD IS APPROVED
Senate Committee Reports Bill,
but Deletes Compulsory
Arbitration Proposal.
By the Associated Press.
The Senate Commerce Committee
reported yesterday a bill establishing
a mediation board for maritime labor
disputes.
The committee turned down, how
ever, the proposal of the Maritime
Commission for compulsory arbitra
tion. Instead it provided that the
Labor Board should act only at the
request of both parties to a dispute.
A guarantee of the right of workers
to strike also was included.
The bill also would amend the
1936 Merchant Marine Subsidy Act to
provide:
Authority for the Maritime Commis
sion to investigate employment and
wage conditions, with a view to es
tablishing minimum-manning and
minimum-wage scales and working
conditions.
Establishment of a United States
maritime service to enroll the licensed
and unlicensed merchant marine per
sonnel and a system for training such
personnel.
That when the lowest bid of a do
mestic shipbuilder is “unreasonable,
excessive or collusive the Maritime
Commission may authorize an appli
cant (for construction differentials)
to have the vessel built in a foreign
shipyard without financial aid from
the United States.”
Jarman Short
keep their
smart lookt.
A 11 tires a
and widths^^fl
rsvifrffim |
|
(THE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not
x necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in
The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its
readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s.
The British-Italian Pact
Observer Sees War More Distant, but Is Skeptical
as to Status of Democracy.
By DOROTHY THOMPSON.
ONLY time will tell whether
the British-Italian agree*
ment, signed on Saturday In
Rome, will actually contribute
to the pacification of Europe, and, if
so, whether the terms will permit
democratic government to live. It
may temporarily do the first. That,
indeed, seems very
likely. War is
probably farther
off than It was
a few1 weeks ago.
And that, of
course. Is a great
deal. On the
other hand, we
hate got to wait
and see whether
this agreement
will serve to weak
en the Rome-Ber
lin axis or wheth
er it will serve to
extend it; we shall
not have any real
Dorothy Thomnaon.
light on what is happening until we
know what passes between Mussolini
and Hitler in conversations soon to
tak<> place in Rome; until we see what
happens to the French-Soviet pact;
until we see what terms Britain offers
Germany in an attempt at concillia
tion there.
At first sight England is clearly
following a variation of her tradi
tional policy of never having two po
tential enemies on the Continent of
Europe at the same time, of treating
the fait accompli realistically, and of
attempting to divide power which,
when combined, might mean the con
trol of the Continent.
And Mussolini is also acting real
istically. He has been anxious to
further his own interests by chal
lenging Britain, but he has not been
anxious to further the German in
terests. He played with Germany
In order to force the hand of Eng
land, and he has now got Germany
and a militant pan-Germanism on
the Brenner Pass. Therefore, unless
he wishes to become a satellite of
Germany rather than a partner, he
needs an ally.
Ethiopian Victory Mockery.
And now what have you got?
In the last two years Mussolini has
risked starting two wars in Europe.
According to this agreement, he has
definitely won the Ethiopian War.
He had, to be sure, won it already;
the agreement is merely a recognition
of an accomplished fact.
But the fact that the Ethiopians
still had legal claims may have en
couraged them to continue the oppo
sition which has been going on to
this day, and the fact that Mussolini
has no money with which to exploit
Ethiopia has made the victory a mock
ery except for prestige.
It remains to be seen whether the
Anglo-Italian treaty will be accom
panied by a loan to Italy or with
other aid in exploiting East Africa,
and whether it will really make it
easier for Mussolini to deal with the
Ethiopian tribes. If all he gets Is
the rerogniion of Ethiopia, then the
agreement is tantamount to killing
a dead horse.
In Spain Mussolini is giving up a
tremendous strategical advantage if
the agreement means exactly what
it says. Germany and Italy now con
trol every naval air base in Majorca,
Spanish Morocco and all over insur
gent Spain—bases which could terri
bly harass the British, menace the
French, and which have coat Musso
lini thousands of lives and millions
of dollars. Even If we assume that
he has been paid or partly paid in
Spanish raw materials, he will be no
better off that when he went in, and
the probability is that he will be very
much In the hole.
Remains Cruel Joke.
Of course, the agreement about
non-intervention remains the cruel
and Immoral joke that It has been
from the beginning.
The Italian Foreign Minister "con
firms that his government adheres to
the British formula for the propor
tional withdrawal of volunteers from
Spain ... at the time and under
the conditions laid down by the Non
intervention Committee.”
In view of past history, this sim
ply means that Italy agrees not to
withdraw' from Spain until Franco
has won the war, and England agrees
to continue to call active assistance
for Franco non-intervention.
But Mussolini agrees that the mo
ment the war is over all Italian vol
unteers shall immediately leave, and
all Italian war material be imme
diately removed, and all territorial,
political and economic advantages re
nounced.
So we arc asked to believe that
Mussolini has been fluhting this whole
war out of purely altruistic motives,
or, we can draw the conelusion that
Britain also wants a Franco victory
and that England and Italy together
will share the spoils.
But Germany is also in Spain. So
now England must try to negotiate
an agreement with Hitler that he
should also get out of Spain. But j
why should Hitler do so, except for
a very handsome quid pro quo? Who
Is going to throw him %ut? England,
France and Italy together? Italy has
reaffirmed the Berlin-Home axis. If
Franco wins the war, Spain will be
a sovereign power and the dictator
will be Franco. Suppose Gen. Franco,
who will have conquered Spain with
foreign troops, finds that he cannot
hold it without their continued pres- !
enre? Suppose he finds it useful to
have German aid to extend and en
large a Spanish empire in Morocco? ,
Hitler in Good Position.
Is there anything to prevent Franco j
from making arrangements with either
Hitler or Mussolini? From asking Hit
ler to build him ports and give him
arms in exchange for raw materials?
At Wurzburg a few months ago Hitler
admitted that he was in Spain for raw
materials.
It seems to me that Hitler is in an
extremely good position. He will cer
tainly ask a price for leaving Spam,
and that price will be a free hand in
Central Europe. He is taking it any
how, but. of course, he would much
rather hRve it by agreement, so that he
can prespnt himself as a gentleman
and a keeper of treaties.
I cannot see that the negotiation of
this treaty ends the system of general
blackmail which has kept Europe in
an agonized uncertainty for the last
few years. The net result of it is that
England and France have perhaps won
back their old and dubious ally in case
of war. If this is as far as it goes,
then the hope of doing more than
postpone war is chimerical.
And my guess is that the eventual
price which may have to be paid will
be the abrogation of the French-Soviet
pact, in which case Germany will be
Infinitely stronger than she was in
1914, and in which case Germany and i
This Changing World
Rearmament Races Made Big Inroads on Treasuries
of All Powers in Europe.
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.
WHEN the whole body aches, one ache more or less does not matter.
This is the situation throughout the world now. Nations
worried oyer so many different problems accept without grum
bling the colossal military expenditures. They accept the falla
cious theory that it is a necessary evil which has one agreeable side; it gives
1
employment wnere employment is
badly needed. In certain countries
like Great Britain it gives even the
illusion of prosperity.
The English newspapers were
Jubilant when they discovered that
Great Britain's budget showed this
year a surplus of *142,000.000. It
is a most remarkable achievement
indeed for any secretary of the
treasury to show a profit when the
budgets of all other countries are
mi me reo.
But the joy was short-lived. The chancellor of the exchequer
announced shortly after the good news was made public that the
whole surplus and much more will be spent on rearmament. For the
time being, there will be only a few direct taxes levied to meet the
billions required for rearmament. The necessary amounts will be
raised by the Issuance of government bonds. But these bonds will
have to be met eventually.
* * * *
In France the rearmament policy has made deep inroads in the
country's national economy.
The budgetary deficit has been increased threefold since 1935.
While at that time there was a deficit of 10,000.000.000 francs, in 1938 the
deficit amounted to over 30,000,000.000. The public debt per head which
in 1935 amounted to 10 800 francs has increased to 13.000 francs in 1938.
It is trur that these amounts translated into dollars mean really a smaller
debt in 1938 than three years earlier because the franc has been depreci
ated in the world markets. But the French deal in francs, not in dollars;
consequently the 3.000 francs increase means a good deal to them.
The cost of living for food has increased 3.50 franrs per unit to
8 2.) francs in 1938 while commercial deficit of the country which in
1935 was six and a quarter billion francs has reached the fantastic
figure of 19.000.000,000 francs in 1938.
The French war chest has diminished considerably too. In
1935 the Banque rie France had in its vaults 3,400 tons of gold.
Today it has barely 2.100 tons of yellow metal.
* * * *
The same relative situation exists in every other country In the
world. In certain countries it is worse than in France.
How much the armament race cost Italy and Germany nobody
knows because the dictators give no accounting to anybody. Furthermore
the international trade of the totalitarian states cannot be judged by the
same standards as that of the democratic states. The barter system
provides usually for a better grade
balance- . . . . v- .
Hitler seems to be taking a
little orange juice between two
drinks Hp has 'wallowed Austria
and is preparing carefully the
ground to tackle Czechoslovakia.
In between, to keep his hand in
training, it appears that he is en
deavoring to discipline Carol of
Rumania.
From the few cablegram,'! which pass through the Rumanian
censorship, it seems that Carol has a hard road before him. The
Iron Guards who lake their orders from Berlin had planned a coup
against the King. The date according to reports had been set for
May 1. Somebody in that organization squealed and the plot was
discovered.
Codreano. the leader of the Rumanian Nazis, was arrested; so were
his principal followers. Thp question is now whether this was a plot
organized by the impetuous Rumanian Pole or whether it was ordered
from the Nazi headquarters in Berlin.
In official Rumanian quarters it is said that it was Codreano himself
who got tired of being inactive and wanted a little amusement on May 1.
If that were true the planned plot would be of no consequence. But if
Berlin had ordered the Nazi leader to go ahead and make trouble for
Carol the fart that Codreano is in Jail is of no consequence. Disturbances
will be created and the money spent lavishly by the German propaganda
will bear fruit in the long run.
Russia will come together in one way
or another sooner or later. And then
we will have the real menace to the
democratic world.
Germany Holds Key.
This column continues to be skepti
ral and not too overoptimistic re
garding the effect of this treaty in
the long run. We shall have to wait
and see what concessions, if any.
France. England and Italy acting to
gether ran wring out of Germany in
Central Europe.
Hitler does not plan a ‘'conquest”
of Central Europe. He plans pene
tration and hegemony under the
threat of force And it's very hard
to deal with this kind of expansion
by agreements, unless France can in
duce Britain and Italy to back her
up in supporting her old allies in
Central Europe.
The agreement to suspend propa
ganda against each other will be in
teresting to watch. This may be in
terpreted in Great Britain to mean
the suspension of all anti-Fascist
opinion. It's amazing what censor
ship already exists in England against
any utterances likely to hurt the feel
ings of the Fascists, and, of course,
in protecting Fascists against attacks
in the British press the British gov
ernment also protects English Fas
cists. i
Copyright. IPS*. New York Tribune. Inc.
Headline Folk
and What
They Do
A Vanderbilt Heads
Another Push in
Transportation.
Bv LEMUEL F. PARTON.
GRADE A railroad* ran't move
their bonds. But the Eastern
Air Lines move* $1 par com
mon stock at $10 a share, as
an incident of the purchase of the
lines, by a group which includes
Harold S. Vanderbilt, for $3,500,000.
There's a foot-note, or possibly a
headline, on a
changing world.
Vanderbilt hold
ing* in New York
Central had be
come dynastic
and institutional.
The old commo
dore surely never
guessed that they
would be crowd
ed out of the
market place by
a t h i n g u mbob
like a flying ma
chine, with his
descendant in on
the push.
That statement
Harold Vanderbilt.
is, perhaps, a bit too literal, but It is
true that March air traffic shows a
passenger traffic gain more than 15
per cent over a year ago—34,000,000
revenue passenger miles, as compared
to 29,530,482—while the total of all
other transportation, including rail
roads, Is off.
As the foremost racing navigator
of the country, the tall, grim skipper
of the Ranger, the last America's Cup
defender, Mr. Vanderbilt runs the
crew and the afterguard In the best
tradition of seamanship. And as a
financier, he carries a loose-fitted
mains'l, with no half-hitch on the
main sheet. Hence he can tack into
the winds of destiny as closely as any
man.
Unlike many inheritors of vast
American fortunes, he did not become
an absentee landlord In Europe and
leave his holdings to share-croppers.
After his graduation from Harvard,
in 1907, he moved into management,
finance and operation and has stayed
on the job, when he wasn't sailing
boats or making over bridge rules.
He recently bought and now flies a
big plane, like his brother, William
K. Vanderbilt. He was a naVal lieu
tenant in the Big War and bossed a
patrol boat in the sub zone. He is a
son of the late William Kissam Van
derbilt.
And speaking of yachts and yachts
men, here's a note on the Savarona,
the leviathan of all yachts, snarled
up in some political keel-hauling in
Hamburg, Germany, and finally con
signed to President Kemal Ataturk of
Turkey.
Its builders, Mr. and Mrs Richard
M. Cadwalader of Pennsylvania, had
it built in Hamburg, with gold-plated
door knobs and luxurious fittings, the
like of which had never oeen seen on
land or sea. It is 408 feet over ail.
with a 53-foot beam and a 20-foot
draught. For reasons cf their ow
they offered it for sale, with tit'
Germans and the Turks bidding.
The Cadwaladers are famous yacir
builders. In 1328 they launched
52,000,000 job at Wilmington. Dei
with a $50,000 pipe organ, an $85.00
Sperry stabilizer and accommodatio:
for a crew of 41 and 30 guests. La
year the Government picked the Car
waladers as Exhibit A in its ar.lma
versions against citizens who inee
porate their yachts. Their b~
have been held bv the Savarona C
THE
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Also known the Packard 120
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priced* from $1155 and up, delivered at the factory
When motor-wise America hands the lion’s share of thte laurels
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And, for the past three years, America has preferred the
Packard Eight (also known as the Packard 120; to all cars in
the above price range. In tact, taking totals tor the past three
years, almost as many people bought Packard Eights as
bought the next two cars combined in this price class.
If you’ll drive antf inspect the new Packard Eight, we
believe you’ll quickly agree with this majority verdict. In
fact, you only have to look at comparative specifications to
see what a standout value the Packard Eight is!
Let us show you these revealing figures. We’re eager to
have you drive the car and we’re anxious to show you how
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•on basis of popular 4-door Touring Sedan
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